Insights Course 6

KEYSVerkkojulkaisu (doc)

Elina Karapalo

Paula Keltto

Mark Kilmer

Päivi Kuusivaara

Teijo Päkkilä

Annukka Suonio

1. painos

© 2017 Elina Karapalo, Paula Keltto, Mark Kilmer, Päivi Kuusivaara, Teijo Päkkilä, Annukka Suonio ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava Oy

Toimitus: Laura PakarinenUlkoasu: Sari InandikTaitto: Olli-Matti Hallikainen

KopiointiehdotTeos on suojattu tekijänoikeuslailla (404/61). Tämän verkkoaineiston muokkaaminen on sallittua. Aineiston tulostaminen, kopiointi, välittäminen tai muu jatkokäyttö sellaisenaan tai muokattuna edellyttää kuitenkin oikeudenomistajan tai Kopiosto ry:n lupaa. Muokkausoikeus ei koske kuvia tai kuvitusta. Kopiosto ry myöntää verkkoaineiston tulostamiseen, kopiointiin ja kopioiden käyttöön lupia. Sähköisten julkaisujen tulostaminen ja tulosteiden valokopiointi on sallittu luvan mukaisesti. Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö on hankkinut muun muassa peruskouluille, lukioille ja ammatillisille oppilaitoksille luvan valokopioida ja tulostaa julkaisuja opetus- ja tutkimuskäyttöä varten. Lisätietoja luvista kopiosto.fi

ISBN: 978-951-1-31883-5

Keys

Insights Course 6 Keys

1 You’ve got mail! 3

2 Just don’t do it! 6

Glossary: Education 8

3 Let’s go to university, eh? 9

4 We want you! 11

Glossary: Working life 14

6 Passion into business 15

7 Punching above your weight 18

8 Data-driven do-gooder 21

9 Gig economy 24

Glossary: Economics 27

Grammar 6 28

Kieliopin kertaustehtäviä 42

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1. You’ve got mail

Engage p. 834 - 44 points Your stress level is in a critical stage. It is time to take serious steps to decrease the stressors in your life. Ask for help! Makean appointment to see your doctor - you're an excellent candidate for a stress-related illness.23 - 33 points Your stress levels may be getting seriously high. You need to look into means that could help you deal with the stress and develop some new coping strategies.12 - 22 points You are suffering from levels of stress that are typical of the average person from time to time and you are dealing with it reasonably well. The stress is likely to disappear within a short period of time. 0 - 11 points Life's great - no worries! Are you sure you are taking your studies seriously enough, though?

1a p. 12

1. d2. c 3. g4. e5. a6. b7. f8. l9. k10. j11. i12. h

1b p. 121. b2. a 3. a4. b5. a6. a7. b8. b9. b10. b

1c p. 13

1. it must have looked pretty weird2. far more terrifying3. our neighbour across the street4. that's what I had been told by family members5. obligated to say such things6. wasn't good enough for Harvard7. after carefully reviewing your application8. in the event that9. a life or death situation10. a safe distance away from oncoming traffic11. all my hard work had actually paid off12. in typical Harvard fashion13. they were too busy cheering14. giggling with delight while reading it15. turned the page

1d p. 131. pays off2. I wasn’t smart enough3. obligated to say so

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4. across the street/the other side of the street5. review my application6. far more terrifying/frightening/scary7. a life or death situation / a matter of life or death8. in the event that / in case9. in his typical grim fashion10. laughing with joy/delight

Homework 1e p. 141. Do you already know which institutions of further study you'd be interested in applying to? Which ones and why?2. In your view/opinion, what are the characteristics of a strong applicant?3. Would a failure to get / not getting accepted make you more determined or hesitant/doubtful about your career choice? Why?4. What kind of advice would you give to an unsuccessful applicant who is about to abandon / give up their career plans?5. Would your world collapse or would you remain cheerful and enthusiastic if your friends got accepted and you didn't?6. Is acceptance always a positive thing and a rejection a negative one? Explain your views.

1f p. 141 b. at the same time2 c. In anticipation3 a. a few4 c. in advance5 b. less unprepared6 c. to pay7 c. such as8 d. prices9 a. stressful enough10 d. be full

11 a. confusing12 c. show up13 c. make14 a. assign15 c. On16 b. likely17 b. used to getting18 b. a bigger amount 19 d. throughout20 a. opportunity

1i p. 171. c2. a3. d4. b5. b6. d

Tapescript:1.Man: Hi Tanya! Did you pass your exam last week?Woman: Oh, hi Mark! Yes, just barely. I was sure I’d failed atleast two of them.Man: You stayed up late studying so many nights. You shouldn’t burn the candle at both ends, you know.Woman: If only I had stayed up late studying. No, the night before the exam I was at a party.Man: At a party? The night before your exam? Was that wise, do you think?2. Man: Gina, why did you come to Canada?Woman: I came here in order to get a good education, which Icouldn't get at home in Guatemala.Man: Why did you choose to enrol in Thompson Rivers University?Woman: Because they offer an extensive Open University syllabus for mature students without a high school diploma.Man: What classes are you taking?Woman: I’m in the Social Service Worker Certificate programand I’ve almost completed it. I’ll be taking the final exam nextmonth.3.Man: Have you heard about Jonathan's new job?Woman: No, I haven’t. Does he have a new job? Fill me in about it.Man: To make a long story short, his Uncle Calvin got it for him.Woman: I hope he can keep this one for longer than a month. He lost the previous one because he was too nervous.

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Man: I'm positive he’ll do much better this time around.4.Woman: You know Aisha from my book club? I just met her for a coffee today.Man: Oh, yes, Aisha. She's a maid and nanny, isn't she?Woman: Yes, but she’s interested in getting a better job, but she needs to learn more English.Man: What kind of work is she interested in?Woman: She would like to be a secretary or an assistant.Man: She would need to take IT classes and attend a good clerical training program.5.Woman: My first job wasn’t half bad. It could’ve been a lot worse. I was a dog sitter.Man: Did you work part-time?Woman: No, I was a full-time dog sitter. I had a lot of responsibilities. You know walking the dogs and feeding themand…Man: Tell me about your employer. Was he nice?Woman: He was very pleasant. He gave me a lot of sound advice.6.Woman: I heard that they’re flying in someone from abroad for the selection procedures for Associate Professor.Man: That’s off the wall. There are plenty of qualified people at this university they could hire.Woman: Imagine them going out of their way like this. It's ridiculous.Man: Maybe they think this foreign academic is some kind of hotshot.

1j p. 181. make a pig's ear2. burning the midnight oil3. burning the candle at both ends4. drew a blank5. failed to make the grade6. ace the exam7. by heart8. hit the books9. in the bag10. rose to the occasion11. came up trumps12. bone up on13. keep your nose to the grindstone14. sailed through; passed with flying colors

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2 Just don’t do it!

2a Suggested p. 241. Yksi tapa viivytellä on olla tekemättä mitään. Toinen tapa on tehdä pienempiä asioita, jotka tuntuvat kiireisiltä. Näin viivyttelijä ei kuitenkaan tee niitä isoja asioita, joita oikeastaan pitäisi tehdä ensin.2. Pistä tehtävänä olevat asiat tärkeysjärjestykseen. Listaa tärkein asia ensin. Kun teet kaikki asiat, jotka ovat alempana listassa, viivyttelet ylempänä listassa olevien asioiden tekemistä. Saat paljon aikaan, mutta samaan aikaan viivyttelet.

2b p. 241. at the last minute2. I really intended to get it done earlier3. on my to-do list4. most of us procrastinate5. in this manner6. they will complete the important items7. in the meantime8. all the smaller tasks that feel more urgent9. not exactly a good trait10. worthwhile activities11. this involves a certain amount of self-deception12. due a lot sooner13. a lot of things to do14. after all

Homework 2c p. 241. Do you like to do everything at the last minute? 2. Do you keep a to-do list? Why or why not?3. If most of us procrastinate, why doesn’t everybody want to do it?4. If you kept a to-do-list, how would you manage to complete/finish the most important items/things first?5. What are some of the small everyday tasks that you always get done?6. Do you agree that procrastination is not exactly a good trait/characteristic? Why or why not?7. Does getting things done always involve a certain amount ofself-deception?

2f p. 261. c2. c3. b4. b5. a6. c

2h p. 27Tapescript and key1. Will Finland ever exit the European Onion? 2. Some curses really require too much work. 3. Please leave your goat in the hall. 4. I met a beer in the forest by accident.5. Let's order a really creamy desert!6. I'd love to travel to the nearby Iceland one day.7. Let's order wheel for the main course.

Corrections1. Will Finland ever exit the European Union? 2. Some courses really require too much work. 3. Please leave your coat in the hall. 4, I met a bear in the forest by accident.5. Let's order a really creamy dessert!6. I'd love to travel to the nearby island one day.7. Let's order veal for the main course.

2i p. 271. a2. c3. d4. f5. g6. h7. b8. e

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Glossary Education

A p. 291. junior high / secondary school2. (doctoral) thesis3. upper secondary school / senior high school / sixth form4. optional/elective5. graduating / finishing school6. matriculation examination / exam7. retake/resit8. cramming / to cram9. majoring10. course11. undergraduate12. Master’s thesis13. grants14. postgraduate

B p. 291. semester2. electives3. thesis4. major5. enrol in6. flunk--7. faculty8. polytechnic9. syllabus10. university11. credit12. grant13. non-graded--14. report15. exam16. campus17. diploma

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3 Let’s go to university, eh?

3a p. 32STEP 11. c2. a3. c4. b5. a6. b7. c8. a

STEP 21. a few months before2. back home3. the option of going4. consider factors5. always more expensive than6. can range from7. pay that immediately8. quite a while9. where you want to go10. and a better reputation

3c p. 341. d2. e3. i4. f5. l6. n7. j8. h9. b10. r11. q12. k13. a14. m15. c16. g17. o18. p

3g Suggested p. 36To whom it may concern,

I am writing in regards to Jemma Laine, who has been a student at ______ Lukio since 2016. I have been working withher for the last two years, including as a homeroom teacher. Jemma is an excellent student.

She is consistently punctual and conscientious. She actively participates in class discussions and collaborates in a helpful manner with fellow students. Her exam scores are typically strong, partially as a result of excellent study habits and her ability to ask detailed and pertinent questions about exam results. In addition to her studies, Jemma swims competitivelyon a city team and is involved in a plethora of school events, including the school play and work with a local elementary school.

Based on my experience with Jemma, I can recommend her for university without reservation.

Sincerely,

Pekka Metsäläinen

3i p. 371. Business

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2. Engineering3. History4. Philosophy5. Biology6. Theatre7. English8. Theology

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4 We want you!

4a Suggested p. 421. Psykologiasta valmistuneet hankkivat vaikuttavan valikoiman taitoja, mikä tekee heistä helposti työllistyviä.2. Taitojen ja tieteenalan luonne ovat yhdistelmä, joka ei ainoastaan tue psykologiaa yliopistossa opiskelevien määrän (viimeaikaista) kasvua, mutta myös varmistaa sen pysyvän merkityksen/relevanssin globaaleilla markkinoilla.3. Psykologian opiskelijat hankkivat usein työkokemusta ja lisäopintoja, mikä parantaa heidän työllistymistään.4. HESA raportoi valmistuneiden sijoittumisesta vain kuusi kuukautta valmistumisen jälkeen, mikä ei ole riittävä aika usealle opiskelijalle löytää tutkintoa vastaava paikka.5. Maantieteestä ja psykologiasta valmistuneet ovat kiinnostuneita aloista, joilla on kasvava määrä avoimia työpaikkoja.6. Johtavista yliopistoista valmistuvien kysyntä on suuri, ja maantiedettä ja psykologiaa opiskellaan paljon todennäköisemmin näissä kouluissa.7. Maantieteen opiskeleminen varustaa valmistuneet valikoimalla taitoja, joita työnantajat toivovat.8. Oppiaine jo itsessään jalostaa maailmankatsomusta ja tiettyä kulttuurista herkkyyttä.

4b p. 421. a better than average chance of getting work after graduation2. an impressive range of skills3. a real edge when competing with graduates from other disciplines4. a period of further study and work experience5. enhance their employability6. the largest increase in vacancies7. demand is strong8. higher unemployment rates9. stand out in the labour market

4d Suggested p. 431. programme director2. advertising3. career counselling4. education5. health professions6. human resources7. management8. social services

9. forensic psychology10. neuropsychology11. MD, managing director12. accountancy13. banking

4e p. 431. g. optional2. b. homogenous3. e. reduce4. j. disdain5. k. excluding6. i. decreasing. 7. h. adequately8. c. regress9. d. old10. f. irrelevant11. a. employed12. l. ignorance

4f p. 441. Graduating from2. According to3. on/in the job/labour market4. work in5. compared to/with6. range/variety of skills7. interested in8. an increase in / a growth in9. contribute to10. benefit greatly from11. provide them with12. build on13. beneficial for14. report on15. move into a career16. based on

Homework 4g p. 441. What helps graduates (to) stand out in/on the labour/job market?2. Do you think it’s more important to acquire skills that can be applied to many jobs/professions than to focus on being excellent at one thing?3. Which graduates have the highest unemployment rates and who are easily employable?

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4. Which industries do you believe will have the largest increase in vacancies in the next 10 years and why?5. What would you be willing to do to enhance your employability if your degree wasn’t enough/sufficient?

4h p. 451. c2. c3. b4. b5. b6. b

Tapescript

Therese graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Business Studies and Economics. She is fluent in four languages. During her studies in the UK she did a ProjectManagement internship with an exciting global entrepreneurial company in San Diego, the USA. During her degree she also made the most of a winter semester break by volunteering at a medical and conservation project in Zimbabwe. She says she truly believes these two very different experiences made a huge difference in her life and opened up new opportunities for the future as well. And she was right.Within a fortnight after graduation, she started a full-time job as a market data analyst in a multicultural company and can’t wait for her career to really start. // Jonathan completed a PhD from the Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, his third degree. He previously graduated with degrees in Film and Media and Film Production, worked in Hollywood and the UK in Film, television and computer games industry and then returned to his old university.“I never expected that I would be back to graduate for a second time, far less a third, but the University has created amazing opportunities for me to develop, whether it was through scholarships or giving me the chance to spend time abroad during my degrees.”After a career working as a screenwriter, script editor, producer and executive producer on some very successful programmes, his latest degree has seen him use his media industry skills to improve the nation’s health. // He investigated how using interactive digital storytelling can improve communications on public health issues such as smoking or obesity.“I always felt that public health information films seemed to

be rather patronising. I was exploring interactive storytelling and I thought there were great opportunities to use it in the context of health improvement."Jonathan is an advocate for constantly improving one’s skills. “It’s a different world compared to when I first graduated. More than ever, employees are expected to be flexible and adjust to the changes in the world. I really enjoyed coming back to the campus for another graduation, thirty years after I first arrived.” //

4i p. 45BOE Board of Education

CBE curriculum-based education / competency-based education

ELL English language learner

GATE Gifted and Talented Education

GED General Education DiplomaGPA grade point average

IQ intelligence quotient

BA Bachelor of Arts

GCSE General Certificate of Secondary EducationMA Master of Arts

PG Postgraduate

PGCE Postgraduate Certificate of Education

SWOUT sandwich year-out student

UG undergraduate

HESA Higher Education Statistics Agency

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Glossary Working life

A Step 1 p. 47 1. How familiar are you with this (line of) business? / How

familiar is this (line of) business / work for you?2. How often do you update your CV/resume?3. How long have you been applying for a job?4. What kind of perks/fringe benefits do you expect?5. Have you ever been on strike or furloughed / on unpaid

holiday?6. Would you be willing to work on commission? 7. Have you ever considered becoming an entrepreneur / a

self-employed person?8. What kind of references did your previous employer give

you?9. What is a reasonable severance payment in your opinion?

10. What would make you quit your job?

B p. 471. occupation2. retirement3. prospects4. promotion5. pensioner6. salary7. working8. Qualified9. profession10. entrepreneurs11. apprenticeship12. company

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6 Passion into business

6a p. 581. FALSE – Esa had other hobbies as well (soccer, skiing). 2. FALSE – The skateboards are valued because of their unique use of materials.3. FALSE – The skateboards sell well even though Esa doesn’t advertise them.4. TRUE5. FALSE – There is still a steady supply of skateboarders.6. TRUE7. FALSE - He went back to study.8. FALSE – The price varies and depends on the materials that are used.9. FALSE – This might be true, but he only mentions that sometimes the old machines just look better than new ones.10. TRUE

6b p. 581. of the; of2. in the3. of4. into a5. on6. from7. for8. in9. in10. in; in the***11. in; of the12. at13. a14. in15. to; for a; in16. up on17. from; to18. to; a19. to20. the

Translations1. Suomen pääkaupungin, Helsingin, koillispuolella 2. hän nautti jalkapallon pelaamisesta kesällä3. useimmat hänen ikäisensä pojat4. muutti tuon intohimon yritykseksi5. suullisten suositusten perusteella / puskaradion kautta

tulleiden suositusten perusteella6. puusta valmistetut tuotteet7. muodostivat 16 prosenttia8. kiinnostuin9. on kasvattanut suosiotaan10. Kaliforniassa 1950-luvulla***11. kuten monessa muussakin osassa maailmaa12. kaikilla taitotasoilla13. kerran tai kahdesti viikossa14. hän osallistuu kilpailuihin15. palasi kouluun kaksivuotiselle mallipuusepäntyön kurssille16. hän perusti oman yrityksen17. 150:stä eurosta 470:en euroon18. 200:sta 500:an lautaan vuodessa19. se vie kahdesta neljään tuntiin20. yleisin puu

6c p. 591. southwest of2. most girls (of) her age3. took part in / participated in4. interested in5. self-employed / an entrepreneur6. in (the) summer7. turn her idea into a business8. two-year9. set up on her own / her own business/company10. from four million dollars; to ten million dollars

6d p. 601. fabric/material2. obsession3. distinctive/unusual4. advertise; local; customers5. value; estimate6. available7. site8. recommendation; eventually9. combination10. generating

6g p. 611. b2. c

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3. c4. a5. a

Tapescript

The American TV show Shark Tank has been on the air since 2009 and it is based on a Japanese format Tigers of Money. InBritain the show is known as Dragon’s Den. Despite the references to animals, the show is about entrepreneurs who pitch their business ideas to a panel of investors. The one-hourlong pitch is shortened to about 10 minutes on the show to make it more dramatic and viewer-friendly. The entrepreneursare trying to get a member or members of the panel to invest in their product or business and in return they usually offer a stake in their company. // 1 Many of the investors in the American version of the show areself-made millionaires. For example, Barbara Corcoran first started out as a teacher, but after a year moved on to other jobs. One of these was renting apartments in New York City. After a while, she decided to set up her own business and she co-founded a real estate company with her then boyfriend. Her business grew over time and in 2001 she netted 66 million dollars after its successful sale. // 2

Another investor on the show, Robert Herjavec, grew up on a farm in Croatia. His family moved to Canada when Robert was eight years old. The family was poor, they didn’t speak English and the first years in Canada were challenging. Eventually Robert got a university degree in English literatureand political science. He had several minimum wage jobs before he finally ended up working as a film producer and director. Later he set up his own internet security company, which he then sold for thirty million dollars. After the sale, hestayed home with his three children, but after three years he founded another company, which is now a highly successful technology company. // 3 So the investors on the show know a thing or two about building your own company and career. One of the show’s biggest success stories in recent years has been Tipsy Elves, a company that started out selling ugly Christmas sweaters. Best friends Evan Mendelsohn, a corporate lawyer, and Nick Morton, a dentist who specialized in root canal treatments, came to the show looking for an investment that would allow them to expand their business. Their pitch was successful and Robert Herjavec agreed to invest 100 000 dollars for a 10 % stake in the company. Not only did the two men get the investment, but also publicity for their company and some business advice from Herjavec which helped them to double their sales in the year following their TV appearance. Now they are selling quirky clothing and accessories for all sorts ofholidays, not just the Christmas season, and their sales figures are soaring. // 4, 5

6h p. 611. life or death2. back and forth3. lost and found4. bed and breakfast5. null and void6. bread and butter7. cause and effect8. pros and cons9. read and write10. crime and punishment11.right or wrong12.dead or alive13.salt and pepper14. signed and sealed15.forgive and forget16.sooner or later17.give or take18. supply and demand19.up and down20.knife and fork21. trial and error

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7 Punching above your weight

7a p. 661. b2. a3. b4. b5. a6. b7. b8. b9. a10. a

7b p. 671. I’m still finding my feet2. that’s another bullet we dodged 3. punching above its weight4. grateful to your CEO5. is there a happy medium6. belonged to an earlier era7. one of the biggest casualties8. it was bought for a dollar9. acting in their customers’ interests10. other kinds of deals11. for an agreed price at an agreed date12. back and forth13. give it another shot14. take out a loan

7c p. 681. I'm still finding my feet2. is there a happy medium3. take out a loan4. acting in their customers' interests5. belonged to an earlier era6. that's another bullet we dodged7. one of the biggest casualties8. other kinds of deals9. grateful to your CEO10. for an agreed price at an agreed date11. it was bought for a dollar12. back and forth

13. punching above its weight14. give it another shot

7e Suggested p. 701. The people in the extract chose this restaurant for lunch because it served freshly prepared organic food.2. Only three years ago the Bank of Torabundo was a small player / a small minnow in the the banking world.3. During the financial crash, if a bank was considered too bigto fail it was given a huge rescue package / bailout by the government.4. BOT managed to avoid toxic investments, because their CEO was deeply suspicious of complex derivatives and forbade them to take big positions in those markets.5. Once the bank had survived, the board felt there was a needfor a more audacious leader. 6. Paul compared the new CEO to the captain of the Titanic, because he had been with a bank which had been one of the biggest casualties of the crash and was now skippering BOT.7. One type of a derivative is an option, which is a contract that gives you the right, but not the obligation, to buy something from you for an agreed price at an agreed date in the future.8. Jurgen thinks Fate brought Paul to capture the bank at the moment of its metamorphosis from a minor player into an unstoppable banking force.

7f p. 701. d2. h3. m4. a5. e6. l7. k8. b9. f10. j11. c12. g13. i

1. bank balance2. bank statement3. direct debit4. expense5. interest6. overdraft

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7. deposits8. credit

7h p. 721. Be punctual / on time. Being late shows you have no consideration of others. In business life, time is money.2. Be discreet and keep the secrets to yourself. Betraying others destroys their trust in you.3. Be respectful, considerate and positive. An upbeat, professional image is appreciated in business life and it improves improves the work climate for all.4. Choice of dress should be consistent with your position and your company's dress policy. Dress appropriately. Otherwise you might hurt your chances of advancing in your career.5. Be apprehensive with others: Take time to understand other people's circumstances from their viewpoint. Your consideration will be noticed and people will enjoy working with you.6. Communicate clearly and concisely and use correct grammar in both spoken and written communication. You canthen make your point clearly and quickly and improve your chances in business life.

Tapescript

7h ListeningListen to expert advice on business etiquette. Write down the six main pieces of advice and the reasons why you should take them.

Business etiquette stands for manners in business life. People are never hired or promoted merely because they have good manners. Still, being respectful and attentive at work may tip the scales to your advantage. The business etiquette is based on practicality unlike the social etiquette. The work environment is gender neutral. Both men and women should be treated equally. Six underlying principles of the business etiquette are:1. Punctuality: Be on time. Being late is a sign that you do notvalue the time of others. In business life, time is money. Being slow costs your company money and you your employer’s trust.// 2. Be discreet: Keep the secrets to yourself whether it’s a company secret or something a co-worker has told you. Betraying others destroys their trust in you.//

3. Be respectful, considerate and positive: Both your superiorsand subordinates appreciate your upbeat, professional image while dealing with clients and colleagues.Genial behaviour normally improves the work climate for all.// 4. Dress appropriately: Choice of dress should be consistent with your position and your company's dress policy. Dressing too casually or overdressing can hurt your ability to advance.// 5. Be apprehensive with others: Taking time to understand other people's circumstances from their viewpoint puts you in a favourable light. Your colleagues, clients and subordinates will notice your consideration and will enjoy working with you.// 6. Use correct grammar — written and spoken: To communicate clearly and concisely is an advantage in the business world. Those who can clearly make their points quickly improve their chances of moving ahead in a business setting.

7i p. 731. is worth two in the bush2. are soon parted3. is a penny earned4. is not gold5. sorry6. they are hatched7. makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise8. beggars would ride9. get out of the kitchen10. lose your friend11. a gift horse in the mouth12. nothing gained13. another man's gain14. pound foolish15. and the pounds will take care of themselves16. a free lunch17. love flies out of the window18. his song I sing

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8 Data-driven do-gooder

8a Suggested p. 781. They will contribute to the economy once operated on. Andif they aren’t operated on, they will drop out of society.2. As they were flying in doctors and surgical equipment, theyweren’t able to perform enough surgical operations.3. It hurt him and at the same time, he realized that it didn’t make sense to drive customers away.4. Rather than fly doctors and surgical equipment around the world, the money could be used to equip local doctors to perform cleft surgery, which would be more cost-effective. / Anew business model for Operation Smile.5. He had sold off his ad agency.6. The industry is too focused on doing good rather than solving real issues.7. He focused on the data and based his decision on them.8. He knew how to approach and influence potential donors. He knew what kind of message would be favourably received and how to sell his charity.

8b p. 781. with the right mindset2. leaving just a small scar3. what appeared to be purely a humanitarian issue4. the demand for cleft repair5. outstripped the supply6. what store... turns away 80 percent of its customers?7. rather than raise millions of dollars8. perform cleft surgery year-round7. by now he had sold off his ad agency8. Mullaney had come to believe9. over the next fifteen years10. taking in nearly 1 billion all told

8c p. 781. d2. h3. a4. e5. i6. b7. f8. g9. c

10. j

8d p. 791. fascination for2. mainstream3. a/the mindset4. engage in5. mission6. thrive7. supply8. demand9. keenly10. efficiently11. potential12. Target13. fundraising14. hone15. the humanitarian issue

8g p. 83

1. pro duce; produc es

2. ex port; export ing3. im port; decreas ed; de crease; import ing 4. increa s ed; in crease5. re fund; refund ed6. invit ed; in vite7. sur vey; survey ed8. objec t ; ob ject9. con tract; contract ed

Tapescript

There are words in the English language that are stressed differently depending on whether the word is used as a noun or a verb.

exTRACT (a verb)EXtract (a noun)

Is it possible to exTRACT [ �k'strækt] potable water from cacti? Flower EXtracts [ekstrækts] are used for making perfumes.First underline the stressed syllable in the highlighted words. Listen to the sentences being read, then read them yourself. 1.The demand for organic produce has skyrocketed in the last

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five years.//The mill produces pulp at an astonishing rate compared to other Finnish mills. //

2.The export of industrial goods is nowadays nearly non-existent.//We are exporting more and more services and immaterial goods.//

3. The import of oil has decreased since modern cars consume less fuel and houses aren’t heated with oil anymore.//The decrease in imported oil from Russia has resulted in economic difficulties.//

4.The production of solar panels will be increased radically nextyear.//The increase in zinc extraction will demand 500 new employees.//

5.Is it possible to get a refund for damaged goods?//The damaged goods will be refunded on your bank account.//

6.The customers were invited to taste the new Over the Moo coconut ice cream.//The invite was mailed too late and some of the customers received it only yesterday.//

7.The survey revealed serious shortcomings in customer service.//The customers were surveyed after visiting their recently opened branch in West Edmonton Mall.//

8.The workers object to closing down the Calgary office since itis their busiest.//Tax evasion became the central object of the investigation.//

9.The current employment contract is valid, so why should it bechanged?//Millie was contracted to manage the innovation department for three years.//

8h p. 84

1. c2. a3. c4. b5. b

Tapescript

1.Woman 1: We’ve had fifteen years without a pay rise. That’s incredible. How have we come to this?Man 2: Since the financial crisis in 2008, the productivity has come to a stand-still. In the years since, the per capita income has grown only 2 percent. But there’s now light at the end of the tunnel.

2. Woman: Listen, the National Health Service is in crisis again. Their budget deficit is expected to get bigger as inflation raises prices and personnel costs mount.Man: And that means worse service for us. Longer queues, bigger waiting times and the usual.Woman: Not necessarily, listen. The NHS is one of the country’s largest property owners but the least efficient property managers. If they privatised or outsourced property management, they might be able to fund the deficit.

3.Man: Trump’s at it again. Woman: Tell me more.Man: Trump wants to remove the government’s groping hand from Americans’ pockets by lowering the income tax for the wealthy by six percent.Woman: What’s so bad about it?Man: Significant tax cuts for the wealthy would have to be followed by at least tax cuts for the middle class. And that would mean a very big hole in the budget. Money doesn’t grow on trees, not even in America.

4.Woman: Tesla’s boss Elon Musk has promised to fix problems regarding power outages and blackouts in South Australia.Man: Isn’t he the one who manufactures electric cars? How

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can he fix problems with power outages?Woman: He’s tweeted with the Premier of South Australia and offered to install $25 million worth of battery storage within 100 days to prevent blackouts. If the work is not completed in 100 days, it will be free.

5.Man: The US economy is going strong. Employers are hiring workers at a robust pace and the Federal Reserve has been given the green light to raising interest rates.Woman: It surely sounds like the economy is doing well. Luckily we don’t have a big mortgage.Man: US stock have risen but gains were curbed by the prospect of higher borrowing costs. The Federal Reserve might act soon as the greenback was also hurt by news of the European Central Bank discussing the possibility of raising interest.

8i p. 851. Charitable2. Being3. donors4. commit5. raised for6. identify7. database8. opportunity9. employing 10. cognitively 11. discipline 12. its13. barriers

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9 Gig economy

9a Suggested p. 901. Kiinteä kuukausipalkka, palkallinen loma ja se, että se

antaa perustan vakaan tulevaisuuden suunnitteluun.2. Optimistit näkevät tulevaisuuden täynnä

täysivaltaisia/voimaantuneita yrittäjiä ja loputtomia innovaatioita. Pessimistit näkevät tulevaisuuden työntekijät orjuutettuina metsästämässä seuraavaa urakkaa.3. Sähköisten markkinapaikkojen kautta on voinut hakea töitä,

myydä omia tuotteita ja luoda alustoja majoitustoiminnan järjestämiseksi.4. Sen myötä on helpompi luottaa osittain tuntemattomaan

kanssaihmiseen.5. Uber ei omista autoja, se tarjoaa asiakkaalle keinon saada

yhteys auton kuljettajaan.6. Ne määrittelevät hinnat, kouluttavat palveluiden tuottajia

palvelutason parantamiseksi, auttavat myyjiä luomaan verkostoja ja tarjoavat asiakkaille mahdollisuuden antaa palautetta.7. He eivät tarvitse pitkää koulutusta tai erikoistumista ennen

työhön ryhtymistä, heidän ei tarvitse sitoutua kokopäivätyöhön, aikataulut ovat joustavat, he ovat ”oma pomonsa”, he voivat tasapainottaa työ- ja arkielämänsä, he voivat kokeilla yrittäjyyttä ilman ison riskin ottamista.8. Keikkataloudessa pääoma ei kasaudu harvojen käsiin.

Toisaalta yhteiskunta voi kehittyä niin, että massat tuottavat palveluita pienelle etuoikeutettujen joukolle. (Myös sosiaaliturva täytyy suunnitella uusiksi niin, että se ei enää perustu kuukausipalkkaiseen työhön.)

9b p. 901. a fixed salary every month2. take paid holidays3. make our living working gigs4. digitally enabled5. on-demand services6. commit to full days of work7. a steady pay cheque8. fixed work hours9. company-provided benefits10. a few gigs on the side11. full-time employment

9c p. 901. a fixed salary every month2. commit to full days of work3. full-time employment

4. take paid holidays5. a steady pay cheque 6. make our living working gigs7. on-demand services 8. fixed work hours9. company-provided benefits 10. digitally enabled11. a few gigs on the side

9d p. 911. To the optimists, it promises a future of empowered

entrepreneurs and boundless innovation. To the naysayers, it portends a dystopian future of disenfranchised workers hunting for their next wedge of piecework.2. Today’s digitally enabled gig economy was preceded by

marketplaces such as ELance and oDesk, through which computer programmers and designers could make a living competing for short-term work assignments. 3. It is spawning a host of new economic activity. 4. But these platforms are by no means merely the purveyors

of Smith’s invisible hand. Rather, the hand they play in facilitating exchange is decidedly visible. 5.…the main driver of sustained economic inequality over the

past two centuries has been the concentration of wealth-producing “capital” in the hands of a few. 6.…the economy is powered by millions of micro-

entrepreneurs who own their businesses, rather than a small number of giant corporations.7. There’s a risk we might devolve into a society in which the

on-demand many end up serving the privileged few.8. Although the broader socioeconomic effects of the gig

economy are as yet unclear, it is clear we must rethink the provision of our safety net, decoupling it from salaried jobs and making it more readily available to independent workers.

9f p. 921. career2. temporary3. fixed4. facilitate5. feedback6. commercial7. competent

8. inequality9. privileged10. corporation

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9g p. 93People Type of workentrepreneur full-time

provider gig

consumer piecework

retailer short-term

peer on-demand

9i p. 941. a2. a3. b4. a5. b6. b7. a8. b9. a10. a11. b12. b13. a14. a15. a16. b17. a18. b19. b20. b

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Glossary Economics

A p. 971. economics2. supply3. demand4. inflation5. profit6. credit7. loan8. interest rate9. deficit10. surplus

B p. 971. borrow2. tax3. loss4. embargo5. bankrupt6. currency7. deposit8. debt9. crash10. invest11. bond12. cost13. stock14. market15. cash

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Grammar Course 6 2 p. 1351. This is the best summer job (that) I have ever had.2. The salary is better than last summer.3. The work days / working days are longer than before.4. My work is more interesting than I thought.5. They are also the most helpful people (that) I know.6. My job sounds worse than yours.7. At least the salary is smaller.8. The days seem longer than at school.9. Even the teachers are more understanding than my boss.10. Luckily my colleagues are also the greatest/the most amazing (that) I have ever had.

3 p. 1351. My car is as good as yours. 2. But it’s not as good as my old car. 3. John thinks (that) he is better than everyone else. 4. I get / am getting much/ a lot better/higher grades/marks than last year even though/although/though the courses are a bit / a little harder / more difficult.5. The more I sleep, the more tired I am.6. Especially in the fall/autumn when (the) days are getting shorter and shorter.7. This year has been even more rainy / rainier than last year. 8. Have you seen the latest Star Wars film?9. Is it different from/than/to the first (one)?10. I think it’s too similar to the first (one).11. I have the same dress as you. Luckily I didn’t put it on today.12. I hate people who think that they are superior to others.13. They try to make everyone/everybody else feel inferior to them.14. The more I study, the more interesting everything gets.

5 p. 1361. sick; ill2. afraid; scary3. glad; happy 4. lonely; alone5. sleeping; asleep6. living; alive

6 p. 1361. five years old; a twenty-year-old2. every young person/teenager3. the unknown4. the next / the following three weeks5. young people/ the young; the old / old people?6. 90-year-olds 7. Good old; silly little8. The past few weeks / last couple of weeks9. little red cottage

Homework 7 p. 1371. The youngest2. an 11-year-old 3. The longest4. 76 metres long5. The tallest6. than7. The most 8. 75-year-old9. a lot10. by far

Tapescript

Grammar. Activate 7. Choose the best alternative. Listen to the recording to check your answers. The youngest X Games athlete ever is Jagger Eaton, an 11-year-old boy, who competed in Skateboard Big Air in Los Angeles.// The longest underwater human chain consisted of 110 divers and was 76 metres long.// The tallest man living was Sultan Kösen who measured 251 cm.He took the title from Xi Shun who was 15 cm 6. shorter than Sultan. // The most expensive hamburger of all time sold for $5,000.// Your 75-year-old granny was a lot younger than Jeanne Louise Calment, who at 122 years was by far the oldest person who has ever lived.

Homework 8 p. 1381. one of the best universities2. an enormous / a huge / a massive3. well-furnished

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4. better than5. much / a lot more helpful than6. by far the strictest7. as scary/frightening as8. The more active9. the better10. The best-behaved11. (the) most punctual12. similar to13. more and more important14. even more important

9 p. 1421. carefully2. gently3. happily4. dramatically5. in a friendly way/manner6. hard7. possibly8. well9. wholly10. funnily11. early12. automatically13. publicly / in public14. beautifully15. badly16. briefly17. shyly18. straight19. duly20. late

10 p. 1431. They lived happily ever after.2. Peter works very hard and still always smiles kindly / in a friendly way/manner.3. I’ll be/come home shortly.4. Briefly explain to me what happened.5. Do you always sleep this late?6. I’ve woken up before seven every morning lately/recently.7. I hate to sing in public/publicly.8. The car was going / went sideways on the road.9. Do you think it is important to be highly educated?10. The movie/film last night was totally/really amazing.11. I’m a bit late as usual.12. This test/exam was surprisingly easy!

Homework 11 p. 1431. hard; hard; hardly2. careful; carefully3. angry; angrily 4. excellently; excellent5. easily; easy6. good; well7. awfully; awful8. extremely well9. friendly; in a friendly way/manner10. briefly; brief

Homework 12 p. 1441. the worst job interview2. as strange/weird/bizarre/odd as3. more suitable than4. two-hour interview5. further6. more and more confusing7. awkwardly long8. apologetically9. perfectly qualified10. less important***11. one of the best-known department stores12. well-prepared13. briefly but informatively enough14. in a friendly way/manner15. greater and greater16. strangely uncomfortable17. as red as18. way/much/far too embarrassed19. in public / publicly20. best

Tapescript

Grammar. Activate 12. Fill in according to the Finnish clues. Check your answers by listening to the stories.

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Have you ever wondered what the worst job interview would be like? How would you react if you experienced something as strange as the following examples?// “I was interviewing for a job that sounded more suitable than any job I had ever applied for. During the two-hour interview,I realised that couldn’t have been further from the truth. Towards the end the questions were getting more and more confusing. At the end of the awkwardly long interview, the interviewer apologetically told me that even though I was perfectly qualified for the job, they had already decided to hiresomebody else. Having already scheduled the interview on her schedule, she said she didn’t want her time to go to waste. I guess my time was so much less important, it didn’t matter.”// “In my early twenties, I had an interview at one of the best-known department stores. Wanting to make a long-lasting firstimpression, I decided to focus on every detail. So I wore my best skirt even though I had gained a few pounds since buyingit. I was well-prepared to answer every question briefly but informatively enough, and I was convinced they would hire me. The personnel manager greeted me in a friendly way and my confidence grew greater and greater as I walked in front ofhim towards his office. Once at the office he looked strangely uncomfortable. Before I managed to say a word, he suggested that I would go to the ladies room to check on my skirt. To my horror, the mirror in the ladies room revealed a huge tear in my skirt. My face turned as red as the underwear that was showing. I was way too embarrassed to return to the office having been showing off my underwear in public. In addition to not getting the job, I decided it was best to do my shopping in another store in the future as well.”

Homework 13 p. 1451. What will be the fastest-growing fields of study in the future?2. Is it more and more important to be highly educated (in order) to get a well-paid job? A job that pays well3. What are the most dangerous jobs of all / by far the most dangerous jobs and why? / Which jobs are the most dangerousof all and why?4. Would you rather do a physically demanding job or study hard/diligently to become a lawyer for example?5. The better the salary, the bigger/greater the responsibility. Do you agree with this?6. Do young people/the young have as strong a work ethic as older generations?

DIY p. 145Step 1 Step 2determined päättäväinendeterminatelyhard-working ahkerahardworkinglydiligent tunnollinen diligentlytrustworthy luotettavatrustworthilymotivated motivoitunutmotivatedlyreliable luotettava reliablyloyal lojaali loyallystudious ahkera, studiously

opiskelumyönteineninnovative innovatiivinen, kekseliäsinnovativelyattentive tarkkaavainen attentivelyconscientious tunnollinenconscientiouslyindustrious ahkera, aikaansaavaindustriouslypersistent sinnikäs persistentlydynamic dynaaminendynamicallyenergetic energinenenergeticallyenterprising yritteliäsenterprisingly

14 p. 1511. My neighbour said (that) he had the perfect daughter.2. He told me (that) she didn't smoke.3. He also added (that) she never drank beer.4. He told me (that) she had never stayed out late at weekends.5. He boasted (that) she was always at home.6. I exclaimed (that) he had to be kidding.7. I praised him saying (that) he had really brought up the perfect daughter.8. He concluded by saying (that) she would be six months soon.

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15 p. 1511. The director complained (that) he/she was hungry.2. The director added (that) they were all starving.3. The producer admitted (that) he/she didn't like that/the cookery show.4. The prop stylist stated (that) they/you couldn't expect good food there.5. The photographer said (that) they would ask catering to take care of them.6. The prop stylist told me (that) I wasn't a great cook.7. The location scout added (that) he/she had never seen such a helpless case.8. The wardrobe stylist commented (that) I couldn't even boil water.9. The producer shouted (that) he/she was going to suggest that they change chefs the next/following day.10. The photographer said (that) I might not be too pleased with that scenario.11. The makeup artist told me (that) I didn't have to feel awful.12. I reminded the crew (that) I (had) only started on that show the day before / the previous day.13. I promised the crew (that) they would all get better free food the next/following day.14. I pointed out (that) their expectations were too high and their stomachs too big.15. I promised the crew (that) they were all going to have a slap-up meal with their new star chef there on set.16. I claimed (that) they might not be as unhappy with my cooking the next/following day.

Homework 17 p. 1531. Grandma, it says here in the paper (that) the new Prime Minister is proud of his government.2. Your grandson said (that) the unemployment rate had/has gone down.3. Your grandson told you (that) Shark Tank wouldn't be on the next/following day.4. It says here in the paper (that) the new Miss Finland doesn'tlike ice-hockey players.5. Your grandson said (that) the local fire brigade rescued/ had rescued a cat from a tree the previous day / the day before.6. Your grandson said (that) there was a huge sand storm on Boa Vista and the tourists were trapped.7. Your grandson told you (that) the price of ice-cream had fallen that week.8. Your grandson said (that) spring fashion wasn't/isn't going to be all about pastels and floral prints.

18 p. 1551. I'd like to know what the term of this loan is.2. Can you tell me what the interest rate is?3. I'm wondering if/whether the rate is fixed or adjustable.4. Do you happen to know when the interest rate can be adjusted?5. I'd like to know how much my monthly payment will be.6. Have you got any idea how the interest rate will be calculated?7. I'm not sure if/whether the amount I owe is going to increase over time.8. Tell me what the qualifications for the loan are.9. I'd like to know why you recommend this loan for me.10. I'm wondering if/whether there are other loans that also meet my needs.11. I can't remember if/whether you said that I would have to make a decision soon.12. I'm not sure if/whether the loan has to be paid back.

19 p. 1551. First the interviewers asked me if/whether I could tell them a little about myself.2. Then they wanted to know how I had heardabout the vacancy.3. They also asked me why I wanted that job.4. They were wondering why they should hire me.5. I had to tell them what my greatest strengths are/were.6. Then they needed to know what I consider/considered my weaknesses.7. They inquired where I saw myself in five years.8. They wondered what my dream job is/was.9. They asked me why I was leaving my current job.10. They wondered how I had dealt with stressful situations inthe past.11. They wanted to know what I like/liked to do in my free time.12. They asked me if/whether I had any questions for them.

20 Suggested p. 1561. Susan Elbow was asked what the characteristics of a successful diplomat are.

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2. She was asked what things about being a diplomat are challenging or maybe difficult. / She was asked if anything was challenging or maybe difficult about being a diplomat.3. She was asked where she had worked during her career.4. She was asked who she is a godmother to. / She was asked if she was a godmother to anybody.5. She was asked what some of the highlights or really memorable events of her career are. / She was asked if there had been any highlights or really memorable events during her career.6. She was asked what she would say to a Finnish high schoolstudent thinking of working for a foreign service. / She was asked if she would like to say anything to a Finnish high school student thinking of working for a foreign service.7. She was asked what some of the biggest social issues are that she had seen either globally or more regionally. / She wasasked if she had seen any social issues that are typical globally or more regionally.

Homework 22 p. 1561. I don't remember what happened at the end of the party.2. Everybody asked me why I had been dancing / was dancingon the table.3. Our neighbours want to know when you're going to return their cat and dog.4. Why haven't you told me what I did?5. I'd like to know if/whether I have to apologize to everybody.6. I'm not sure if/whether my friends are still talking to me.7. Did you ask James if/whether he remembers what happened?8. I'm wondering / I wonder why everything is such a big mystery.

23 p. 1571. He told me to do my homework.2. He told me not to start a fight I couldn't win.3. He told me to expect complications.4. He told me to accept my dark side.5. He told me not to act unnaturally.6. He told me to understand how the system works/worked.7. He told me to believe in the system.8. He told me not to think any plan is/was foolproof.9. He told me never to work alone.10. He told me not to forget to wear a pair of pantyhose over my head.A retired bank robber was giving you advice. Not that you would ever rob a bank, would you?

Homework 25 p. 1581. She told us not to let the kids stay up late.2. She told us to give them milk and cookies.3. She told us never to turn the computer on for them.4. She told us to play board games instead.5. She told us not to leave them alone with the cat.6. She told us not to leave the door unlocked.

Engage p. 1601. (A) Michael: Haettuaan kymmeniä työpaikkoja Michael sailopulta unelmatyönsä.2. (P) Kesäksi palkatut opiskelijat pyydetään takaisin joulusesonkiin.3. (P) Pyydettäessä esittelemään löydöksensä tutkijoille annettiin hyvin vähän aikaa valmistautua.4. (A) they : Valmistautumattomina heidän täytyi improvisoida.5. (A) the professor : Saapuessaan yliopistolle professori tajusi jättäneensä kannettavansa kotiin.6. (A) Peter: Koska Peter voi vähän huonosti, hän päätti lähteä sinä päivänä aikaisin.7. (P) Tultuaan valituksi edustamaan luokkaansa Julia piti puheen valmistujaispäivänä.

26 Suggested p. 1641. Kymmeniä pidätettiin mielenosoituksissa viikonloppuna/viikonlopun aikana.2. Toimitusjohtajaa odottaa jopa kymmenen vuotta vankeutta, koska hänet todettiin syylliseksi kavallukseen.3. Kulujen leikkauksia vastaan protestoivat opiskelijat uskovat, että kaupungin virkamiehet kuulivat heitä.4. Voittajajoukkueen saapuessa lentokentälle sitä oli vastaanottamassa/tervehtimässä satoja faneja.5. Vale-eläinlääkäri riskeerasi monen lemmikkieläimen hengen, sillä hän ei ollut pätevä työhönsä.6. Viisi asiaa, joiden et koskaan tiennyt voivan mennä pieleen vuokratessa ensimmäistä asuntoasi / ensimmäistä asuntoasi vuokratessasi.7. Perheen autotalliin lukituksi tullut murtovaras hakee perheeltä korvauksia kärsimyksistään.8. Kaksinkertainen olympiavoittaja jätettiin lopulta ilman mitalia, vaikka häntä pidettiin voittamattomana.

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27 p. 1651. People working hard often find success.2. The man driving on the wrong lane caused the accident.3. Pedestrians not wearing reflectors are nearly invisible in thedark.4. Employers asked for recommendations can make a huge difference.5. Shops closed on Sundays may lose some of their customers.6. Pizza Hut was among the first companies to offer online services.

7. When cooking dinner, I burnt myself.8. When asked to join the team, Billy jumped at the opportunity.9. After finishing / Having finished the dress rehearsal, we feltvery confident.10. (When) crossing the finish line, the runners heard the crowd chanting their names.11. Before leaving the house, I always double check that I have my keys with me.12. After being fired / Having been fired, Michael decided to take up studying again.

13. Finally given a chance to prove her skills, Jules won’t let us down.14. Having been sick three times that year, I decided to see a doctor.15. Not (being) invited to my wedding, my second cousins didn’t talk to me for a year.16. Desperately wanting to see the play, I was willing to pay abit extra for the tickets.

28 p. 165Päälauseessa ja sivulauseessa on eri subjekti, jolloin lauseenvastiketta ei voi muodostaa.1.When I was driving down the hill, the car suddenly started to swerve uncontrollably. 2.If the suspect is found guilty, the crime scene investigators can take full credit for the result.3.After she had been gossiping with her friend for an hour, the phone overheated and stopped working.4.When you are walking along the road, the enormous statue arises in the horizon.5. The old employees having been fired after twenty years of service, the company hired new younger employees.6.Now that the puppy is almost 13 weeks old, the breeder told us we could take the puppy/ it home.

Homework 29 p. 1661. Before applying for a job, you should consider the following things.2. Applicants invited for an interview are expected to be prepared in many ways.3. Before (being) interviewed, be sure to do some research on the company.4. When choosing what to wear for the interview, there are certain rules to follow.5. People not wearing appropriate clothing can be considered unprofessional. 6. After deciding / Having decided your outfit, ask for a second opinion.7. Not being very experienced with interviews, young people might not be the best ones to give advice.8. When commuting to the interview, make sure you have enough time.9. When arriving at the office, remember that first impressionsare everything.10. Some of the questions asked may seem strange and irrelevant.11. The person interviewing you just wants to see how you react.12. When answering the questions, remember to sound positive and enthusiastic.13. Wanting a motivated employee, the employer will expect you to have questions for them.14. When asked questions about their business, they know theapplicant has prepared beforehand.15. The applicant chosen for the job often has both qualifications and great social skills.16. Applicants not hired should stay optimistic and try again as many times as needed.

Homework 30 p. 1661. Judging from/by the tone of her voice, she was running out of patience.2. After making / Having made / After they have made important decisions, people often feel relieved.3. People investing / who invest in apartments/flats often make a good / a lot of profit.4. Houses (that are) built with quality materials are always more valuable.5. Even though / although (he is) a qualified psychologist, Lewis has been unemployed for two months.6. Did you see the man in / (who was) wearing the bright yellow suit?

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Engage p. 1671. agreed to2. enjoy3. adapts to 4. attends5. focuses on6. commenting on7. interferes in8. suffers from9. belongs to10. collides with11. succeeds in12. stare at13. looks at14. have impressed

31 p. 1731. with2. to3. to4. to5. to/with6. at7. of8. into9. on10. for/about11. from12. on13. for14. to15. for16. on

Suggested 32 p. 1741. All the other verbs take the preposition to, insist is combined with the preposition on.2. All the other verbs take the preposition at, stem is combined with the preposition from.3. All the other verbs take the preposition to, care is combined with the preposition for/about.4. All the other verbs take the preposition for, resort is combined with the preposition to.5. All the other verbs take the preposition in, refer is combined with the preposition to.

6. All the other verbs take the preposition with, depend is combined with the preposition on.

Homework 33 p. 1741. applied for2. arrived at3. didn't complain about 4. didn't rob / deprive her of5. convinced her of6. prevented her from being7. had been waiting for / had waited for8. had insisted on taking9. listening / to listen to10. had resorted to11. had blamed; for12. had been based on

34 p. 1771. Do you enjoy studying/examining statistics?2. Haven't you always liked me?3. Maybe I should marry me?4. You are not an easy person to consult. / It's not easy to ask you for advice.5. Why haven't you answered any of my questions?6. Your silence is starting to affect/influence me.7. It really hasn't impressed my friends either.8. Isn't there any way to discuss the situation? 9. Are you enjoying / Do you enjoy giving me the silent treatment?10. I really considered you a better friend.11. Isn't there any way to reach a consensus?12. Why do you always insist on joining me wherever/anywhere I go?13. I'd like to leave the house just once without you.14. I can't even visit my friends alone.15. Sometimes I feel like attacking you.16. If you can't even trust your own shadow, who can you trust?

35 p. 1771. leave2. reached3. didn't die from4. affected/influenced5. suffer from 6. to handle / deal with

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7. arrived at8. Talking about / Discussing9. answered / replied to10. charge; with

Tapescript

Grammar. Activate 35. Fill in the missing verbs and prepositions in their right form. A preposition is not needed inevery case. Check your answers by listening to the story. Yesterday afternoon I had managed to leave work early when something horrible happened. When I reached the first traffic lights, a bird slammed into my windshield. The bird didn't die from the impact, but it got its wing stuck under the windshieldwiper. I think the whole thing affected me in such a way that Inow suffer from ornithophobia, an irrational fear of birds. Not really knowing how to deal with the situation, turning on the windshield wipers seemed like the only way solve the problem. I arrived at the next set of traffic lights and the bird ended up in the wrong place again: on the windshield of the police car behind me. Discussing the situation with the police didn’t help. The police officer simply replied to me: "Sir, I am going to have to charge you with a crime: cruelty to animals."

Homework 36 p. 1781. to apologize to all of you for2. disapprove of; will approve of / accept3. have reached; are looking forward to celebrating4. have spent a lot of time on;(have) devoted ourselves to5. haven't considered studying / haven't regarded studying as;to talk about / discuss6. participating in / attending7. have benefitted from; have commented on8. looking after / taking care of9. has affected/influenced10. visit11. to congratulate everybody on

12. listen to

37 p. 1831. for; attachment to2. in; confidence in, trust in3. on; impact on, effect on4. for; respect for5. of; shortage of

38 p. 1841. contribution to2. respect for3. dislike of4. attitude to/towards5. comments on6. a change in7. the/a solution to8. The trouble with / The difficulty in9. decrease in / reduction in10. an exception to11. interest in12. Thanks to

39 p. 1851. Could you answer my question?2. I'm afraid / Unfortunately I don't know the answer to your question.3. We arrived in New Delhi late in the evening.4. Our arrival at the airport was delayed.5. The army attacked the enemy at dawn.6. The attack on the enemy was unsuccessful / had failed.7. My brother has always had a positive influence/effect on me.8. He affects/influences me positively.9. The applicant impressed / made an impression on the prospective employer.10. The employer didn't make an impression on / didn't impress the applicant.11. Will you marry me?12. Sorry, I'm already married to the love of my life.13. Trust me, because I know what to do.14. I have no trust in your skills.15. Can you (come and) visit our summer cottage next summer?16. Our visit to the neighbours' cottage was quite enough.17. Why don't you respect/honour my point of view / opinion?

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18. Show respect for my insights.19. This soup lacks salt and thyme.20. A/The lack of seasoning/spices leaves food bland/tasteless.

Homework 40 p. 1851. Congratulations on finding a new job!2. There's no more effective cure for boredom than a new job.3. My dependence on / addiction to excitement made me look/apply for a new job.4. Career prospects also affected / Influenced / had an effect/impact/influence on my decision.5. Or maybe they were just an excuse for changing jobs.6. My boss's ignorance of my situation was also an important reason.7. Now I can take responsibility for several assignments/tasks.8. A bigger salary also means that I'll be paying more tax(es) on my income.9. Boredom is a threat to job satisfaction.10. An employee has to have / must have a lot of trust/faith/belief in themselves nowadays / these days.

41 p. 1921. dedicated to devoted to2. enthusiastic about excited about3. afraid of frightened of4. bored with fed up with5. typical of characteristic of6. used to accustomed to7. familiar with acquainted with

8. worried about concerned about9. pleased with content with10. well-known for famous for11. good at skilful at12. angry at/with annoyed at/about/with13. ready for prepared for14. sick of tired of

42 p. 1931. of2. to/for3. to4. with5. to6. against7. of8. of9. at10. to11. of12. about13. with

43 p. 1931. angry with/at2. busy with3. characteristic / typical of4. curious about5. excellent/skilful at6. experienced in7. fond of / attached to8. hopeless at9. inferior to10. qualified for11. sensitive to12.used/accustomed to

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Homework 44 p. 1941. Are you committed to working hard?2. Not all computer programs are compatible with each other.3. Our findings weren't consistent with the general opinion.4. We are crazy about chocolate.5. I'm committed/dedicated/devoted to my career.6. Our boss is dependent on my advice.7. Last year he/she was disappointed in/with me and my performance.8. We have been exposed to construction dust because of the renovation.9. I'm familiar with the trends in the economy.10. We shouldn't be incapable of making quick decisions.

Homework 45 p. 1941. of2. of3. to4. with5. -6. of 7.on8. -9. from10. for

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Grammar revision

1 p. 1951. hardly interests2. After hearing / Having heard3. a twenty-year-old person4. the latest news5. the same problems as6. late as usual7. the hardest / hardest8. arrived in Manchester9. I would have to move10. what had happened11. if you told me12. where Bob went13. typical / characteristic of14. Congratulations on15. standing16. Not realizing / Without realizing17. could talk about / discuss18. regarded you as my friend / considered you my friend

2 p. 1961. how excited we felt2. at

3. Thinking4. quickly5. struggling6. trying7. where our next class was8. to9. how we will think10. spent11. at12. for

3 p. 1961. I'd like to know if/whether everything I do will always go wrong.2. The harder I try, the more I fail at everything.3. Why does life become more and more difficult year after year?4. When I was a six-year-old little boy, everybody treated me in a friendly way / kindly.5. I spoke briefly, but well and clearly.6. I enjoy/enjoyed playing with everybody at the sandbox.7. Having said that / After saying that, I have to admit (that) I haven’t been to the sandbox for a long time.8. Tell me why life has to / must change.9. I don’t know if growing old gracefully is possible.

10. Yesterday I wondered where my youth had gone.11. At the age of twelve / As a twelve-year-old, I now understand how much older I’ve become/grown.

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