insel11e_ppt09 abuse pschyoactive drugs
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Chapter 9
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A drug which alters a persons experiences orconsciousness
Can cause intoxications
A state in which sometimes unpredictable physical andemotional changes occur.
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Habits that have gotten out of control, with aresulting negative effect on a persons health.
Addiction is the habitual use of a drug producedchemical changes in the users body.
Drug Addiction (four important characteristics)1. Compulsive desire
2. Need to increase the dosage
3. Harmful effects to the individual4. Harm to society
Drug Habituation (habit)
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Reinforcement
Compulsion or Craving
Loss of Control
Escalation Negative Consequences
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Often starts to bring pleasure or to avoid pain.
Harmless or even beneficial if done in moderation
Examples of addictive behaviors:
Gambling Compulsive Exercising
Work Addiction
Sex and love addiction
Compulsive buying or shopping Internet addiction
Characteristics of people with addition
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Drugs are chemicals other than food that are intendedto affect the structure or function of the body Prescription medicines
Over-the-counter substances Caffeine
Tobacco
Alcohol
Illegal substances
The Drug Tradition
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The APAs Diagnostics and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders authoritative reference
Abuse APA definition
Failure to fulfill major responsibilities
Drug use in situations that are hazardous
Drug related legal problems
Drug use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems Physically dependent may or may not present
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Substance dependence1. Developing tolerance to the substance
2. Experiencing withdrawal
3. Taking in larger amounts
4. Expressing a persistent desire to cut down
5. Spending great deal of time obtaining
6. Giving up or reducing important activities
7. Continual usage even with recognition of aproblem
Diagnosed with at least 3 or more symptomsduring a 12-month period
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All income and education levels
All ethnic groups
All ages
Young people are at a higher risk
Males (Twice as likely) Troubled adolescent
Thrill-seeker
Dysfunctional families
Peer group or family that accepts Low Socioeconomical status
Dating young
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Experiment
Escape
Reliance
Magnification of residence
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Psychological risks Difficulty in controlling impulses Strong need for excitement Feelings of rejection
Hostility Aggression Anxiety Mental illness
Dual (co-occurring disorders)
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Social Factors Growing up in a family with drug abuse
Peer group
Poverty
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Intoxication
Side effects
Unknown Drug constituents
Risks associated with injection drug use Legal consequences
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Changes in Brain chemistry
Drug factors: Pharmacological properties Dose-Response function Time-action function Drug use history Method of use
User Factors Social Factors
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Chapter NinePsychoactive Drugs 17
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Opioids (narcotics) Natural or synthetic
Opium, morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine,.Hydrocodone, oxycodone, meperidine, and fentanly
Induce euphoria Methods of administration
Injection, snorting, sniffing or smoking
Symptoms of overdose
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Central Nervous System Depressants Slow down the overall activity of the CNS Sedative-hypnotics Types Effects
Effects on the body
Medical uses From use to abuse
Overdosing
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Speed up the activity of the nervous or muscularsystem
Cocaine
Methods of use Effects
Abuse and Dependence
Use during pregnancy
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Amphetamines Effects
From use to abuse State dependence
Dependence psychosis
Ritalin
Ephedrine
Caffeine
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Cannabis Sativa THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
Short term effects and uses Depersonalization
Long-term effects and uses Respiratory damage
Dependence
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Altered state of consciousness, perceptions, feelingsand thoughts
LSD, Mascaline, DMT, MDMA, Ketamine, PCP (angeldust), and certain mushrooms Altered states of consciousness Impact on proprioception
Synesthia
Flashbacks
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Nearly all inhalants produce effects similar to those ofanesthetics, slow down the bodies functions
Volatile solvents Nitrates
Anesthetics Methods of use
Sniffing Snorting Bagging
Huffing
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Drug research
Drugs, society, and families
Legalization
Drug Testing
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Medication-assisted treatment Drug substitution
Treatment centers
Self-help groups and peer counseling AA
NA
Harm reduction strategies
Codependency
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Governmental attemptsAnti-drug education programs Indirect approaches
Young peoples self-esteem
Improve academic skills Increase recreational opportunities
Direct approaches Information about the adverse effects Peer pressure resistance
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Issues What are the risks involved?
Is using the drug compatible with your goals?
What are your ethical beliefs about drug use?
What are the financial costs?
Are you trying to solve deeper problem?
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Bored? Stressed? Shy or lonely? Feeling low on self-esteem? Depressed or anxious?Apathetic or lethargic? Searching for meaning?Afraid to say no? Still feeling peer pressure?
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Chapter 9