Inner and East Asia, 600 Inner and East Asia, 600 – 1200– 1200

I. The Early Tang Empire, 618 - 715I. The Early Tang Empire, 618 - 715

A. Tang OriginsA. Tang Origins Sui Dynasty (581 – 618)Sui Dynasty (581 – 618) Emperor Li ShiminEmperor Li Shimin Extension of autonomy, Confucian Extension of autonomy, Confucian

examinationsexaminations Turkic culture/militaryTurkic culture/militaryB. Buddhism and the Tang EmpireB. Buddhism and the Tang Empire Presence of Buddhism, Presence of Buddhism,

responsibility of kingresponsibility of king Mahayana Buddhism dominant – Mahayana Buddhism dominant –

facilitated cultural exchangefacilitated cultural exchange Early Tang dependence on Early Tang dependence on

Buddhist monasteriesBuddhist monasteries Capital at Chang’anCapital at Chang’an Cosmopolitan - diversity, contacts Cosmopolitan - diversity, contacts

with Inner Asiawith Inner Asia

C. To Chang’an by Land and SeaC. To Chang’an by Land and Sea Roads, Grand CanalRoads, Grand Canal Tributary systemTributary system Layout of Chang’anLayout of Chang’an Compass design, ocean vesselsCompass design, ocean vessels Plague of JustinianPlague of JustinianD. Trade and Cultural ExchangeD. Trade and Cultural Exchange Cultural impact from Inner Cultural impact from Inner

Asia/IslamAsia/Islam ClothingClothing Stringed instruments, food and Stringed instruments, food and

winewine 1000 CE exports exceeded 1000 CE exports exceeded

imports – balance of tradeimports – balance of trade Silks, porcelainSilks, porcelain Increased trade along Silk Increased trade along Silk

Road/Indian Ocean – traders use Road/Indian Ocean – traders use credit/finance networkscredit/finance networks

II. Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and China, 600 – 907II. Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and China, 600 – 907A.A. The Uighur and Tibetan EmpireThe Uighur and Tibetan Empire Turks migrated from Mongolia westwardTurks migrated from Mongolia westward 88thth century – Uighurs controlled Tarim century – Uighurs controlled Tarim

Basin/Inner AsiaBasin/Inner Asia Cosmopolitan – merchants, scribes, art, Cosmopolitan – merchants, scribes, art,

religionreligion Fell quickly Fell quickly Chinese pilgrims traveled through TibetChinese pilgrims traveled through Tibet Alphabet, art/architecture, medicine, math, Alphabet, art/architecture, medicine, math,

farmingfarming 643 – Tang princess Kongjo married 643 – Tang princess Kongjo married

Tibetan king – brought Mahayana Tibetan king – brought Mahayana Buddhism, increased contact between Buddhism, increased contact between Tibet and TangTibet and Tang

Tibetan military strengthsTibetan military strengths Late 600s – Tang and Tibet competing Late 600s – Tang and Tibet competing

from control over Inner Asiafrom control over Inner Asia Tibet reached into Chinese provincesTibet reached into Chinese provinces 800 – Tibetan king wanted to do away with 800 – Tibetan king wanted to do away with

monasteries but assassinated by monks – monasteries but assassinated by monks – further isolationfurther isolation

B. Upheavals and Repression, 750 – B. Upheavals and Repression, 750 – 879879

New fears of Buddhism undermining New fears of Buddhism undermining Confucianism, Han YuConfucianism, Han Yu

Emperor Wu Zhao – favored Emperor Wu Zhao – favored Buddhism/Daoism, reviled by Buddhism/Daoism, reviled by Confucian writersConfucian writers

Buddhists severed ties to this worldBuddhists severed ties to this world Edict of 845 – Tang destroyed Edict of 845 – Tang destroyed

thousands of temples, government thousands of temples, government gained new sources of revenuegained new sources of revenue

Fall of Buddhism in Tang ChinaFall of Buddhism in Tang ChinaC. The End of the Tang Empire, 879 C. The End of the Tang Empire, 879

– 907– 907 Empire dependent on local military Empire dependent on local military

rulers/complex tax systemrulers/complex tax system 755 – Rebellion led by General An 755 – Rebellion led by General An

Lushan, rise of military governorsLushan, rise of military governors Prosperity but political disintegration Prosperity but political disintegration

and cultural decayand cultural decay 879 – 881 – Huang Chao (gentry) 879 – 881 – Huang Chao (gentry)

led greatest uprising Hatred of led greatest uprising Hatred of foreignersforeigners

Warlords – mass migrations to the Warlords – mass migrations to the southsouth

III. The Emergence of East Asia to 1200III. The Emergence of East Asia to 1200Three new states: origins, beliefsThree new states: origins, beliefsA.A. The Liao and Jin ChallengeThe Liao and Jin Challenge Liao Empire of Khitan (916 – 1121) – Siberia to Central AsiaLiao Empire of Khitan (916 – 1121) – Siberia to Central Asia Pastoral traditions, importance of Buddhism to emperorPastoral traditions, importance of Buddhism to emperor Siege machines, horsemenSiege machines, horsemen 1005 – Song tribute to the Liao1005 – Song tribute to the Liao Alliance with Jurchens of northeast AsiaAlliance with Jurchens of northeast Asia Destruction of Liao capital in 1115 Destruction of Liao capital in 1115 ““Southern Song” (1127 – 1279) – Song make payments to Jin to Southern Song” (1127 – 1279) – Song make payments to Jin to

avoid warfareavoid warfareB. Song IndustriesB. Song Industries INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION???INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION??? Indian/West Asian mathematicians/astronomers – Indian/West Asian mathematicians/astronomers –

fractions/calendarsfractions/calendars 1088 – Su Song and giant celestial clock1088 – Su Song and giant celestial clock Advances in magnetic compassAdvances in magnetic compass Junk ships – rudder, watertight bulkheads…copied in Persian Junk ships – rudder, watertight bulkheads…copied in Persian

GulfGulf HUGE ARMY (1.25 million men) – half the territory of the TangHUGE ARMY (1.25 million men) – half the territory of the Tang Use of steel/iron – sources in the northUse of steel/iron – sources in the north Government monopoly by 11Government monopoly by 11thth c. – producing as much cast iron c. – producing as much cast iron

as 18as 18thth c. Great Britain c. Great Britain Mass productionMass production 1100s - Gunpowder - impact1100s - Gunpowder - impact

C. Economy and Society in Song ChinaC. Economy and Society in Song China Neo – Confucianism, Zhu Xi, ideal human – the sageNeo – Confucianism, Zhu Xi, ideal human – the sage Chan Buddhism (Zen in Japan) – mental disciplineChan Buddhism (Zen in Japan) – mental discipline Rigorous examinations for bureaucratic officesRigorous examinations for bureaucratic offices Social implications of scoring well/poorly on examsSocial implications of scoring well/poorly on exams Printing – woodblock to moveable typePrinting – woodblock to moveable type Mass printing of books, exam materials, instructions on Mass printing of books, exam materials, instructions on

cultivationcultivation Agriculture south of the Yangzi River, plow/rakes, control of Agriculture south of the Yangzi River, plow/rakes, control of

malariamalaria Migration to the south, displacement of native peopleMigration to the south, displacement of native people 1100 – population in Chinese territories over 100 million1100 – population in Chinese territories over 100 million Large citiesLarge cities Problems in cities – waste management, water supply, etc.Problems in cities – waste management, water supply, etc. City of HangzhouCity of Hangzhou Credit – “flying money”Credit – “flying money” Government issued paper money - inflationGovernment issued paper money - inflation Cost of military expendituresCost of military expenditures Sold rights to collect taxesSold rights to collect taxes New social hierarchy based on new sources of wealth – New social hierarchy based on new sources of wealth –

MODERN – growth of middle class and private capitalism seen MODERN – growth of middle class and private capitalism seen in 18in 18thth c. Europe c. Europe

Women’s rights/educationWomen’s rights/education Development of footbinding – status symbolDevelopment of footbinding – status symbol

IV. New Kingdoms in East AsiaIV. New Kingdoms in East Asia Expanding Confucian world view Expanding Confucian world view

targeted the southtargeted the south Cultivation of rice needed Cultivation of rice needed

structured societystructured society Korea, Japan and Vietnam all Korea, Japan and Vietnam all

centralized power during the Tang centralized power during the Tang period – saw Buddhism and period – saw Buddhism and Confucianism as compatibleConfucianism as compatible

A.A. KoreaKorea Mountains, little agricultural landMountains, little agricultural land Early 500s - kingdom of Silla Early 500s - kingdom of Silla

(south); power of landowners, (south); power of landowners, Koguryo kingdom in north, after Koguryo kingdom in north, after 688 Silla ruled but needed support 688 Silla ruled but needed support of Tangof Tang

After early 900s (fall of Tang) After early 900s (fall of Tang) house of Koryo united peninsula – house of Koryo united peninsula – alliance with the Songalliance with the Song

Koryo kings supported Buddhism Koryo kings supported Buddhism – woodblock printing from 700s– woodblock printing from 700s

Process of woodblock printing, Process of woodblock printing, advances…advances…

B. JapanB. Japan GeographyGeography Mid 600s Yamato followed Tang governmentMid 600s Yamato followed Tang government Architecture, Buddhism Architecture, Buddhism No walls, Mandate of HeavenNo walls, Mandate of Heaven Unchanging Tenno dynasty, role of prime Unchanging Tenno dynasty, role of prime

minister and Shintominister and Shinto KyotoKyoto Fujiwara family – cultural development, Fujiwara family – cultural development,

ConfucianismConfucianism Power of warriors, civil warPower of warriors, civil war Education of women – Education of women – The Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji Kamakura Shogunate – Buddhism, rise of Kamakura Shogunate – Buddhism, rise of

samuraisamuraiC. VietnamC. Vietnam Red River and Mekong, irrigation systemsRed River and Mekong, irrigation systems ““Annam” – Confucian bureaucratic training, Annam” – Confucian bureaucratic training,

Mahayana BuddhismMahayana Buddhism 936 – Dai Viet – good relations with Song936 – Dai Viet – good relations with Song Rivalry wit Champa (south) – foreign Rivalry wit Champa (south) – foreign

influencesinfluences Champa and voluntary tribute – Champa riceChampa and voluntary tribute – Champa rice Confucian hierarchy – differences in Confucian hierarchy – differences in

treatment of womentreatment of women