Injuries in Sport

Unit 306

Learning Outcomes

Football Injuries

STUDENT TASK

Complete hand out #1One sheet each but work in groups to

discuss answers

STUDENT TASK

Get ready to take notes on the following slides.

Physiological Responses to

Injury

Inflammation is a protective attempt by the body to remove harm and to initiate the healing process

It occurs within a few minutes to hours of injury

The 5 key characteristics of inflammation are:•Pain•Redness•Swelling•Heat•Immobility (loss of function)

INFLAMMATION

Damaged Tissue and primary response:

HEAT

THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

The damaged tissue releases chemicals

Blood vessels dilate (widen) allowing increased blood flow to the injured area.

This causes;

LOSSOF

FUNCTIONBLEEDINGSWELLING

REDNESSPAIN

Injury causes tissue damage

GRADES OF INJURY:

Degree / Severity Fibre Damage Signs and Symptoms

Grade I (mild) few fibres Minimal discomfort swelling / tenderness movement slightly impaired / functional.

Grade II (moderate) many fibres Significant pain / discomfort / noticeable swelling / tenderness / impaired movement / function impaired.

Grade III (severe) total rupture Pain / significant swelling / bruising / tenderness / impaired movement / joint unstable / loss of function.

LIGAMENT SPRAIN MUSCLE STRAIN

HAEMATOMAS (INTER/INTRA):A haematoma, is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually caused by trauma (in this case a muscle). It is different from a bruise, which is the spread of blood under the skin in a thin layer.

•Intramuscular This injury only effects the muscle fibre tissue and therefore bleeding is contained within the sheath that surrounds the muscle. Pressure within the muscle builds up which can become very painful. The fluid is unable to escape as the muscle sheath prevents it, acting like a balloon. Healing takes longer as bleeding stays in one area and has to be broken down.You are less likely to see visible bruising.

•Intermuscular This type of injury includes the muscle and also the muscle sheath and therefore bleeding is not contained and can spread (for example with gravity). Initial bleeding can last longer, however recovery is often faster than intra muscular as the blood and fluids can flow away from the site of injury. You are more likely to see bruising.

•There are 2 types of haematoma:

STUDENT TASK

Using the internet in Pairs, Come up with a definition of An 1. Acute Injury &

2. Chronic Injury

Then explain the difference between the two.

We will all feed back in a group discussion.

Acute Vs Chronic Injuries

STUDENT TASK

Hand out #2 at the ready. While watching the next video see if you can answer some of the questions and add any

further notes you may need.

Common Methods in Dealing with Injuries

STUDENT TASK

In Groups of four using flip chat paper, come up with alternative ways of treating injury’s and use examples of when this is used. This may be treatment you have received yourself or you

have seen.

An example was Wayne Rooney who slept in an oxygen tank to prepare for euro 2004 after he broke his foot.

Now think of your own, and be ready to present your ideas back to the group.

STUDENT TASK

Handout #3

Be ready to take notes from the following slides

Phases of an Injury

The stages that follow an injury can be classified into 5 phases:

Stage Timescale Name

Phase 1 0-20 minutes Immediate Post-Injury

Phase 2 0-72 hours Acute Phase

Phase 3 3-10 days Sub-Acute Phase

Phase 4 Dependent on severity of injury Active Rehabilitation Phase

Phase 5 Dependent on severity of injury Functional / Sports Specific Rehabilitation

Aims of the treatment during Phase 1 are to:

Assess the injury Treatment should involve S.A.L.T.A.P.S.(we looked at this in Topic 3)

Prevention of initial swelling

Protect the injured part from further damage

Phase 1 – Immediate Post-Injury

Aims of the treatment during Phase 2 are to:

Control bleeding & swelling Treatment should involve P.R.I.C.E.(We looked at this in Topic 3)

Reduce pain

Protect from further damage

Apply modifications if required (e.g. Crutches if non-weight bearing needed)

Offer advice

Phase 2 – Acute Phase

Aims of the treatment during Phase 3 are to:

Absorb swelling & products from inflammation (e.g. dead cells)

Hot & cold therapyMassageElevation

Promote healing & assist growth of new cells

Hot & cold therapy

Protect from further injury Use of bandages, crutches etc

Develop scar tissue Soft tissue stretchingMassage

Introduce non-weight bearing mobilisation exercises

Range of motion exercises

Introduce non-weight bearing strengthening exercises

Strengthening exercises

Phase 3 – Sub-Acute Phase

Phase 4 – Active Rehabilitation

Aims of the treatment during Phase 4 are to:

Remobilise the joint & increase the range of motion

Range of motion exercises

Re-strengthen the muscles acting on the joints

Strengthening exercises

Increase the extensibility of scar tissue Stretching Massage

Protect form further damage or stress Bandages / strappingWalking aids (crutches)Partial weight bearing

Maintain endurance & fitness of the rest of the body

Modernise exercise programme to include alternative exercise e.g. Swimming, static bike, isokinetic arm cycler

Aims of the treatment during Phase 5 are to:

Improve balance & co-ordination Functional Rehab will include sports specific movements, techniques & skills. It would start very basic & progress to very intense ultimately replicating a training or game situation. This may start with straight line activities & progress to side-to-side & rotational movements. You would then progress onto jumping & landing.

Restore sport specific skills & movement patterns

Return to pre-injury strength & power

Provide psychological reassurance Psychological skills training

Phase 5 – Functional / Sports Specific Rehabilitation

Rehab at a Football Club

Summary You have now gathered all your own notes, from group work, hand-outs and videos, you now have gained the knowledge needed to complete tasks:

A - Presentation Notes

B – Poster

C – Reports

Remember to use your assignment brief to guide you referring to the criteria.