Injuries caused by Blunt objects. Injuries caused by Blunt objects. Falling from HeightFalling from Height

Lecture 4Lecture 4Associative-professorAssociative-professor

of Forensic medicine courseof Forensic medicine course

Valentin FranchukValentin Franchuk

Definition of Blunt objectDefinition of Blunt object

The object which can stretch, squeeze, tear The object which can stretch, squeeze, tear and deform a human tissue, resulting in and deform a human tissue, resulting in definite injuries (scratches,bruises, definite injuries (scratches,bruises, abrasions, lacerations, fractures etc.) is abrasions, lacerations, fractures etc.) is termed as blunt.termed as blunt.

Some kinds of Blunt objectsSome kinds of Blunt objects

Forensic classification Forensic classification of blunt objectsof blunt objects

- objects with flat prevalent surface- objects with flat prevalent surface - objects with flat limited surface- objects with flat limited surface - objects with spherical surface- objects with spherical surface - objects with cylindrical surface- objects with cylindrical surface - objects with dihedral corner- objects with dihedral corner - objects with trihedral corner- objects with trihedral corner

Different blunt objectsDifferent blunt objects

Different blunt objectDifferent blunt object

Some kinds of Blunt objectsSome kinds of Blunt objects

Dihedral cornerDihedral corner

Trihedral cornerTrihedral corner

AbrasionAbrasion

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It is a superficial It is a superficial injury of outer layer of injury of outer layer of the skin caused due to the skin caused due to sliding of the blunt sliding of the blunt object against the skinobject against the skin

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An imprint of blunt object An imprint of blunt object in abrasion (patterned abrasion) in abrasion (patterned abrasion)

Healing of abrasionHealing of abrasion

Kind of violenceKind of violence

Forensic significance of abrasionsForensic significance of abrasions

This is the sign of violenceThis is the sign of violence It suggests the action of blunt objectIt suggests the action of blunt object It suggests the site of external impactIt suggests the site of external impact Identification of objectIdentification of object Kind of violenceKind of violence Time of injuryTime of injury

Bruise Bruise

A bruise is an A bruise is an infiltration of the infiltration of the blood into the tissues blood into the tissues following the rupture following the rupture of vessels as result of of vessels as result of application of blunt application of blunt forceforce

An incision across the bruise An incision across the bruise

Color changes of bruiseColor changes of bruise

Forensic significance of bruisesForensic significance of bruises

This is the sign of violenceThis is the sign of violence It suggests the action of blunt objectIt suggests the action of blunt object It suggests the site of external impactIt suggests the site of external impact Identification of objectIdentification of object Kind of violenceKind of violence Time of injuryTime of injury Degree of violenceDegree of violence

Lacerations Lacerations

These are wounds in These are wounds in which the skin and which the skin and underlying tissues are underlying tissues are torn as a result of torn as a result of blunt forces blunt forces applicationapplication

Typical signs of the lacerationsTypical signs of the lacerations

Different shapes and sizesDifferent shapes and sizes Edges are ragged irregularEdges are ragged irregular Margins are commonly abradedMargins are commonly abraded Abraded margins can correspond to Abraded margins can correspond to

impacting surfaceimpacting surface External bleeding is mildExternal bleeding is mild

Some lacerations on the faceSome lacerations on the face

A typical laceration of the headA typical laceration of the head

A wound caused by blunt object A wound caused by blunt object with cylindrical surfacewith cylindrical surface

Some ruptures of the liver as result Some ruptures of the liver as result of falling from heightof falling from height

Bone fracturesBone fractures

Fracture of the scull due to the action Fracture of the scull due to the action of limited surface of limited surface

Falling of pedestrianFalling of pedestrian

Some kinds of sharp objectsSome kinds of sharp objects

Incisions Incisions

Punctured woundsPunctured wounds