Initial Impact Assessment of CORS Technologyfor

Land Surveying at BPN RI

Imam Mudita1, Rowland P. Sidjabat2, Agustan1, Heri Sudiarto2, Farid Hendro Adiyanto2, Swasetyo Yulianto1, Xerandy1, Suryanto1,

Ruki Ardiyanto1, Hari Priyadi1, Sri Handoyo Mukti1, Wawan Rusiawan1 1) BPPT, 2) BPN RI

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CORS Technology

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•Studying movement of the earth’s crust

•Reference datum research and precise orbit determinations,

•Augmentation services of GNSS for navigation, surveying and mapping

(Source : Leica)

Technology Management

• Technology Impact Assessmenta systematic attempt to foresee the consequences of introducing CORS technology in all spheres it is likely to interact with

• Strategic Environments–Opportunities

–Challenges

–Threats

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• Surveyors are user• Equipment costs are decreasing• Other services of survey business

• Education. New jargon, new concepts. Requires effort to keep up- to-date with changes

• Danger that GNSS will become too easy. What else can the modern surveyor offer clients to maintain an advantage over competing professions?

Assessment Activities

• Collect and analyze existing documents/literatures– CORS systems and equipments– BPN RI’s internal documentations

• BPN RI Cadastral Measurement Technical Standardization• BPN RI Surveying Technical Manual and Instruction Guide• Institutional Strategic Plan and Website of BPN-RI

• Survey and Interview– Local Land Title Offices (Kantah) Kabupaten Tangerang, Kota Bogor

and Kota Bekasi– Data Center and Central Office of Survey, Survey and mapping of

BPN RI

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STIP Methodology• Scope

Topic, Scope, Time Horizon

• Technology– Performances; methods/algorithms (standardized or non standardized),

accuracies, minimize distance dependent error, maximize use of satellite data, server or rover controlled network solution, traceability and repeatability, consistencies, cost of its development strategy (station distribution, scalability and hardware material component flexibility) and also business model between provider who supply the data and information and the user.

– Information and telecommunication technology which feasible and performed practical, efective and reliable.

– Alternative technology assessment could also be done to prevent technology failure so that we still have subsitute technologies.

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STIP Methodology• Impact

– what benefits are to be expected from CORS/JRSP technologyeconomic and commercial, or environmental improvement, health benefits, or improvements in the social or political fabric of society

– what needs does it satisfy, and– why is it superior to present, or rival technologies?

• Policymeasures such as how much money invested, how much grant and

subsidies given by the government during the development stage. Tax holiday offered in the services of the land titling. Training and program socialization, regulations and supporting facilities, even direct administrative support such as Program Larasita from BPN-RI.

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Fact Findings

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Nr. PointOrder

Target

(points)

Realisation

(points)

Remaining

(points)

Unit Cost (Rp)

Cost

(Rp)

Dev’t Speed/yr

(points)

Time needed

(yr)

1 2 8990 6699 2291 5,5 mio 12,6 bio 100 23

2 3 900000 14085 885915 2,5 mio 2,2 bio 3300 268

Technical Base Point (TDT) at BPN RI (BPN-RI, 2010)

Furthermore, up to 2007 only ± 9.000.000 ha from total ± 94.000.000 of land parcel have been mapped, so the remaining ± 85.000.000 ha

have not been mapped (Rozak, 2010)

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Land Title Offices have interstation distance around ± 30 – 70 km.

Data streaming (minimal) 4800 bit per seconds. Up to 1.4 Mb within an hour

Kantah Kab. Tangerang experiencing an average of survey speed 100 land parcels and 30 control point per day using CORS technology

Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP).

Pilot Project

Existing & Expected Architecture

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Existing bandwidth allocated for each Local LTO 128 kbps, and bandwidth allocated for Deputi 1 BPN-RI (including master controller) 512 kbps.

Around 400 of 500 Local LTO all over Indonesia have established data

communications. Data communication provider depend on

available local provider and their geographical location

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Message Description No. of Data Bytes Bandwith (bps)

1004 Extended L1&L2 GPS RTK Observables 8 + 15.625*ns 196 1616

1006 Stationary RTK Ref. Stn . ARP w/ Ant. Hgt. 21 21 216

1008 Antenna Descriptor & Serial Number 6-68 6 96

1014 Network Auxiliary Station Data 14.625 15 168

1017 GPS Combined Geometric and Ionospheric Correction Differences

9 + 6.625*ns 89 760

1030 GPS Network RTK Residual Message 7 + 6.125*ns 81 696

1032 Physical Reference Station Position Message 19.5 20 208

Theoretical bandwith of the main RTCM 3.1 messagesfor 12 satellites (GPS only)

and including a transport layer of 48 bits

Data Communication Aspect

Financial Aspect

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PointOrder

TDT Target as mandated

byPMNA/

Ka.BPN No. 3/97

Realisation upto 2009 RemainingAverageper year

Average time

needed

TDT Costper Point

Cost per Ha

Total Cost(million)

Point Hectare Point Hectare Point Year Rp Rp Rp

Convensional                  

2 8,990 6,699 66,990,000 2,291 22,910,000 100 23 5,500,000 12,600.5

3 900,000 14,085 5,634,000 885,915 84,366,000 3,300 268 2,500,000   2,214,787.5

                     

  Jumlah                 2,227,388.0

                     

CCORS/JRSP       113,010,000   5   15,000 1,695,150.0

Business Process Aspect

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Nr. Factor Positive Impact Drawbacks

1.Sophistication (accuracy)

Accuracy improvement to prevent or solve overlapping parcels mapping problem

Need trained surveyors & quality management

2. EasinessEasy to conduct & quality management Need IT & Communication technology

infrasturucture support, and business process change to support the easiness

3. Speed With high measurement speed increase productivity and better services

High risk in transmitting information

4. Maintenance Maintenances are relatively easier Need special technician in IT and Communication

technology

5. Cost Lower operational cost, lower charges to public

Need high initial budget for investment to build especially base station/reference station and other supporting infrastructures

6. Supporting (IT)Increase surveyor capability in IT and data communication technology

Need costs to upgrade surveyor capability and to provide bandwidth

Technoware Impact

Business Process Aspect

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Nr. Factor Positive Impact Drawbacks1. Competency

(qualification) Encourage surveyors to increase their capability

Need costs to upgrade their qualification

2. Personnel Lesser survey personnel Need effort to provide personnel

3. Productivity Increase productivity per surveyor Need special expertise

Need better capability4. Culture/Ethic Modernized working environment Need to change work ethic

Humanware Impact

Business Process Aspect

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Infoware Impact

Orgaware Impact

Nr. Factor Positive Impact Drawbacks1. Law &

RegulationDeregulations Need adaptation to new regulations

2. Directives, Operating procedures

Seamless operating procedures Need to make new user guide or operating manual

3. Process form Reduce survey forms (paperless) Need digital recording equipment

Nr. Influencing Factor Positive Impact Drawbacks1. Proses flowchart Shortened workflow Need adaptation to new

working environment2. Organization structure Efficient and right size organisation Need organisation

restructuring3. Task & function,

Job description

Detail job descriptions Need adaptation to new job descriptions

Business Process Aspect

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Nr. Factor Positive Impact Drawbacks

1. Speed Shortened measurement and mapping time

Failures cause critical downtime

2. Service process

Speeding up land titling process Need socialisation about land titling process

3. Cost Lower cost of Technical Base Point development, and decrease land parcels measurement tarif

Need accurate calculation to determine tarif

4. Data security Digital recording with higher accuracy Vulnerable to virus dan hardware failure

5. Politics Prevent horisontal & vertical conflict between public and government

Public accountability

Impact to Public

Summaries

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•CORS/JRSP technology could potentially support BPN-RI’s cadastral tasks and functions efficiently and effectively to survey and mapping land parcels challenges such as :

1. provide national cadastral reference point network,2. accelerate land parcels survey and mapping problem solving3. unifying coordinate reference system of land titling which is in

turn to give certificate on a land parcel

• There are many remaining infrastructure problems and constrains in applying CORS technology, such as Information and Data Communication infrastructure, which will be facing a high risk of failure especially in giving real time services. Therefore, in the near future it should need improvements and comprehensive actions to overcome those infrastructure problems before this technology is widely applied by BPN-RI

Recommendations

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• Need to have strategic plan, including scheduling and budgeting to implement CORS system all over Indonesia. The strategic plan should consider aspect such as:

1. Improvements and up-gradable of hardware and software of the system

2. Futuristic data security improvement

• Improvement on data management, human resources development, defining business process and CORS system maintenance.

Thank You

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