initial environmental examination...sagada for a variation order of the sub project to complete the...

Initial Environmental Examination March 2020

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project Improvement o f Ato-Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan – Mobo Farm to Market Road

Prepared by the Municipality of Sagada, Mountain Province for the Asian Development Bank

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 26 February 2020)

The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP)

PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01955 $1.00 = PhP 51.143

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC barangay development council BUB bottom-up budgeting CIS communal irrigation system CNC CSC

certificate of non-coverage construction supervision consultant

CSO Civil Society Organization DA Department of Agriculture DED detailed engineering design DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA environmentally critical area ECC environmental compliance certificate ECP environmentally critical project EIA environmental impact assessment EMB ESS

environmental management bureau environmental safeguards specialist

GAD gender and development IEE initial environmental examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management

Project IP indigenous people IROW infrastructure right of way LGU Local Government Unit LPRAT local poverty reduction action team MDC Municipal Development Council MPN most probable number NCB national competitive bidding NECA non-environmental critical area NECP non-environmental critical project NIA National Irrigation Administration NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP national road improvement and management program NRM natural resources management OCM overhead, contingencies and miscellaneous PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services

Administration PDR project description report PMIC project management implementation consultant PPCO Provincial Project Coordinating Offices PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs peoples’ organizations

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PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWD persons with disability RC reinforced concrete RCPC reinforced concrete pipe culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA rapid environmental assessment ROW right of way SB sangguniang bayan SBD standard bidding document SEMS social and environmental management systems SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS SSS

safeguard policy statement social safeguard specialist

TA technical assistance TDS total dissolved solids ToR terms of reference TSP total suspended particulates WMA WMC

watershed management area Watershed Management Council

WMPCO

Watershed Management and Project Coordination Offices

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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter

m asl – meter above sea level mm – millimeter

mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter

ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter

µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – percent

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................. 2

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements .......................................................................... 2 1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ................................ 2 2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ........................................................ 4

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 5 A. Project Overview ............................................................................................................... 5 B. Project Location ................................................................................................................. 6 C. Project Rationale .............................................................................................................. 6 D. Project Development Plan ................................................................................................ 8

1. Project Components ...................................................................................................... 8 2. Description of the Project Phases ................................................................................. 9

E. Manpower Requirements ................................................................................................. 9 F. Project Cost .................................................................................................................... 10 G. Project Duration and Schedule ..................................................................................... 11

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................ 12 A. Topography ..................................................................................................................... 12 B. Climate ............................................................................................................................ 12 C. Soil Types ....................................................................................................................... 13 D. Land Classification and Land Use .................................................................................. 13 E. Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................................ 14

1. Flora ............................................................................................................................. 15 2. Fauna ........................................................................................................................... 15

F. Hydrology ....................................................................................................................... 17 G. Water Quality .................................................................................................................. 18 H. Water Sources ................................................................................................................ 19 I. Mining ............................................................................................................................. 19 J. Socio-Economic Conditions ........................................................................................... 19

1. Demographic Characteristics ....................................................................................... 19 2. Basic Social Services ................................................................................................. 19 3. Economic Situation .................................................................................................... 20 4. Income and Expenditure ........................................................................................... 22 5. Present Transport System......................................................................................... 22

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 22 A. Pre-Construction ............................................................................................................. 24

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation .................. 24 2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done ......... 24 3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work ........................... 25 4. Recruitment of workers ................................................................................................ 25

B. Construction ................................................................................................................... 25 1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ................ 25 2. Clearing and removal of obstructions .......................................................................... 25 3. Soil erosion ................................................................................................................... 26 4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road .............................................. 26 5. Civil works .................................................................................................................... 26 6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure ..................................................... 26 7. Dust and noise from borrow pits .................................................................................. 27 8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure........................................ 27 9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system ........................................... 27 10. Water quality .............................................................................................................. 27 11. Construction drainage system ................................................................................... 27 12. Workers health, safety and hygiene .......................................................................... 27

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13. Traffic safety and management ................................................................................. 28 14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ............................................................... 28 15. Damage to properties ................................................................................................ 28 16. Concrete washout ..................................................................................................... 29 17. Use of Hazardous Substances .................................................................................. 29 18. Public safety .............................................................................................................. 29

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase ................................................................... 29 1. Operation of upgraded access road ............................................................................ 29

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION .................... 30 A. Stakeholder Consultations.............................................................................................. 30 B. Information Disclosure ..................................................................................................... 31

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ........................................................................... 31 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................... 33

A. Implementation Arrangements........................................................................................ 33 B. Environmental Mitigation ............................................................................................... 34 C. Environmental Monitoring ................................................................................................ 51

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................... 55 A. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 55 B. Recommendation ............................................................................................................. 56

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories ..................................................... 2 Table 2: EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects .......................................... 4 Table 3: Preliminary Cost Estimate on Major Scope of Works (Original Contract) ................ 10

Table 4: Preliminary Cost Estimate on Major Scope of Works (Variation Order) ................... 10

Table 5: Implementation Schedule .......................................................................................... 11

Table 6: Current Land Uses in the Forestland ........................................................................ 14

Table 7: Identified Wildlife Species and Aquatic Resources in the Area ................................ 16 Table 8: List of fauna species that were observed in KABAMAAM Watershed Management 16

Table 9: Some Physical and Chemical Water Quality Characteristics Recorder in the Two (2) Rivers ....................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 10: Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts ................................................... 23 Table 11: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Patay ...................... 30

Table 12: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation ................................................................ 33 Table 13: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ..................................................................... 34

Table 14: Environmental Monitoring Plan of the Subprojects ................................................. 53

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Subproject ......................................................................... 7

Figure 2: Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject ................... 12

Figure 3: Monthly Climate Conditions in Sagada, Mountain Province ................................... 13

Figure 4: Soil Type of the Sagada Mountain Province............................................................ 15

Figure 5: Current land uses within A&D and Forestland ......................................................... 15

Figure 6: Drainage Pattern and Network of the KABAMAAM Watershed .............................. 18

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: A Copy of the ECC of the Proposed Subproject ................................................. 58

Appendix 2: Photographs of the Road for Rehabilitation ........................................................ 63

Appendix 3: Detailed Cost Estimate (Variation Order)............................................................ 64

Appendix 4: Straight Line Diagram (Variation Order) ............................................................. 66

Appendix 5: Program of Works (Variation Order) .................................................................. 67

Appendix 6: Details of the Variation Order .............................................................................. 68

Appendix 7: Land Classification Certification from the DENR ................................................ 71

Appendix 8: Post Activity Report – Validation of Proposed Subproject .................................. 72

Appendix 9: Public Consultation Documentation .................................................................... 75

Appendix 10: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject ............................................... 78

Appendix 11: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Subproject and Approves an Equity ....................................................................................................................................... 79

Appendix 12: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit ....................... 80

Appendix 13: Grievance Intake Form ...................................................................................... 82

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared for the Improvement of Ato –Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan - Mobo Farm to Market Road. This subproject is the improvement of the existing access road with an estimated length of 6 km, with 3 m and a carriageway with curb and gutter on both sides. The main proponent of the project is the Local Government Unit of Sagada, Mt. Province and assisted by the Department of Agriculture – Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project. The project implementation will be co-managed by the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office, Office of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineering Office.

2. The proposed original contract was targeted to be completed on 21 February 2020, and with the clamor of the community people in barangay Patay that the proposed subproject will be completely concrete, the winning contractor requested the Local Government Unit of Sagada for a variation order of the sub project to complete the concreting at sta. 5+987 – 6+467 and to construct additional RCPC with inlet at sta. 1+300.

3. The variation order will be implemented by the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Sagada with an estimated amount of PhP 2,939,529.09 within 33 calendar days. 88% or PhP 2,586,785.60 of the subprojects total cost will be funded by INREMP and the 12% or PhP352,743.49 will be the LGU’s counterpart.

4. With the variation order, it will be assumed that the benefits of the subproject will be the reduction of travel time by 12 minutes, reduced transportation cost by 20 Pesos, increase the number of trips by 4 and availability of infrastructure support for NRM projects and other agricultural livelihood projects of the community.

5. The Subproject has been categorized by ADB as Environment Category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of Ato – Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan – Mobo Farm to Market Road rural infrastructure subproject and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different subproject phases and formulation of corresponding mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Sagada, Mountain Province with the cooperation of RPCO, PPMO, WMCPO, and POs.

6. Major land use along the road rehabilitation project is agriculture. None of the subproject roads are located near or within ecologically sensitive areas.

7. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to the Improvement of the Ato– Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan – Mobo Farm to Market Road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short term impacts during construction activities due to the implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and thorough implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

8. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Subproject. A series of consultations with its influence Barangays Patay, Dagdag, Demang and Madongo of the local government of Sagada,

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Mountain Province confirmed that the Improvement of the Ato – Engan – Lamagan - Atowanan – Mobo Farm to Market Road is essential for economic development.

9. A grievance redress mechanism will be established by the LGU of Sagada, Mountain Province before the commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed.

10. This IEE report includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU through the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office, Office of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineering Office, will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in bid and contract documents for the detailed design, project supervision, and civil works. During construction, they will closely conduct monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure.

11. The major positive impact of the project will be economic and better accessibility. The subproject will directly benefit people located within the two barangays providing improved access and economic development. The subproject would also benefit the environment in terms of reduced soil erosion and landslides through slope stabilization measures and construction of retaining structures. Dust generation from the damaged roads will be reduced by the improvement of pavement. Health risks to the roadside communities and damage to the biological environment will be reduced due to pavement improvement and soil erosion control measures.

12. This Subproject will have an overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through the implementation of the EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

13. According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories

A. List of ECPs As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981)

1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro-chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants

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2.

Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects)

3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges

As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects

B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife

preserves, sanctuaries 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots

3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna)

4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes

6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.)

7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers

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Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities

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Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood.

12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

14. Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into 3 major groups:

Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1.

Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report based on the size of the project (see Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non- Coverage’.

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Group III (Non-Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

15. This subproject is an improvement of existing barangay road which falls under the group of Non-ECP. The LGU of Sagada applied the ECC to the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) in CAR given that the subproject is the improvement of access road with >=2km but <10km in length. The ECC of the subproject was released on 26 February 2020 (Appendix 1).

Table 2: EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects

Project Type Project size parameter

EIA Report Type Required/Decision Document Group I Group II

Environmental Impact

Statement (EIS)/ ECC

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE

Report (IEER) or IEE Checklist (IECC)/ ECC

Project Description

Report (PDR)/ CNC

Bridges and viaducts new construction

Length >= 10 km >=80m but <=10 km Regardless of length for foot bridges; < 80m for other bridges

Roads, new construction and widening (including RO- RO facilities)

Length with no critical slope or Length with critical slope

>= 20km or

>=10km

>= 2 km but <20km or

>=2km but <10km

< 2 km

Tunnels and sub-grade roads and railways

Length >=10 km < 1 km

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

16. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the three (3) environmental categories (A, B, or C) as follows:

Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

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Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.

Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

17. According to Philippines environmental guidelines, the Project or Sub-project is considered under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of final EII from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Overview

18. To ensure accessibility of communities of basic social services delivery, repair and maintenance of roads and drainage systems are among the infrastructure concerns identified by the community and specifically expressed in their Barangay Development Plan for specific funding assistance by the local government unit.

19. The subproject proposal is the Improvement of the Ato – Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan – Mobo Farm to Market Road which is located in Barangay Patay, Sagada. The subproject aims to improve the mobility of the rural community and their access to the social services; provide them reliable access to markets; and support agricultural and rural development. There are 5 sitios in the influence area with 396 households. The project site of the NRM and RI components is within the Ancestral Domain.

20. At present, the road condition of the proposed subproject is slippery, rough and risky that needs immediate improvement (Appendix 2).

21. The original subproject proposal has a total length of 6 km. The road improvement primarily was clustered into three parts; the 3.67 km span and 1.0 km span was improved into concrete road and re-graveling or provision of surface coarse respectively while the remaining 1.33 km was improved by provision of retaining wall, slope protection, parapet and concreting the space between tire paths. The project was implemented by the contract. The overall cost for the project was estimated to be Php29,536,364.00, wherein 12% of the total cost (Php 3,544,363.68) is the counterpart equity to be provided by the LGU. The estimated project duration is 275 calendar days.

22. The variation order of the subproject – the Improvement of Ato-Engan-Lamagan-Atowanan-Mobo FMR, consists of the concreting at sta. 5+987 – 6+467 and to construct an additional RCPC with inlet at sta. 1+300 (Appendices 3 - 5). The total cost is Php2,462,641.32, wherein 12% or PhP352,743.49 is LGU counterpart and the 88% or PhP2, 586, 785.60 will be funded by DA-INREMP (Appendix 6). The project duration is 33 days. The subproject monitoring unit (SPMU) of the Municipality of Sagada shall be the focal team to prepare the

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required documents, to coordinate with the Barangay Government Unit (BGU) of Patay, and to monitor and oversee project implementation.

B. Project Location

23. Municipality of Sagada is a 3rd class component municipality in the province of Mountain Province, Philippines and is composed of nineteen (19) barangays. According to the 2012 CBMS survey, the municipality has a population of 10,782 people. It has an average annual growth rate of 0.73%. The municipality is the smallest in terms of area in the province of Mountain Province.

24. Barangay Patay is located in the central part of the town. It is considered as the center for the commerce of the municipality (Figure 1). It is bounded on the east by Barangay Antadao, on the south by Barangay Dagdag, North by Barangay Madongo and west by the municipality of Besao. The predominant ethnic group in the locality is Applai. It comprises a total land area of 513 hectares. Of the total land area, 39 hectares is considered as built-up area, 161 hectares as Agriculture, 98 as Open Forest, and 199 hectares as Shrubs. It is ranked 1stas most populated barangay with a total population of 1,208 where 597 are male and 599 are female. Patay has 5 sitos namely: Upper Patay, Lower Patay, Ato, Nangonogan, MSD (Mission Compound, Sayocsoc, Deccan).

25. With the present area and population, the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) received by Barangay Patay is PhP 1,838,656.00 M, which is too small to provide basic services to the constituent, much more in relation to the improvement of infrastructure services.

26. The proposed subproject site is an agricultural area. If the existing road will be improved, there will be no endangered species or declared protected area of natural habitat that will be affected by the said subproject.

27. Based on the environmental characterization of the project site done during the field reconnaissance survey, the project was not located in an environmentally critical area and the field data were supplemented with secondary information gathered from the DENR Regional Office and CENRO and other relevant data such as watershed management plan, environmental reports and feasibility studies undertaken by national and local agencies.

28. A certification of the Watershed Management and Project Coordination Offices (WMPCO) described that the location of the proposed subproject is not within any protected area (Appendix 7).

C. Project Rationale

29. The proposed variation order is to complete the concreting at sta. 5+987 – 6+467 and construction and additional RCPC with inlet at sta. 1+300. Proposed stations are muddy and impossible to pass especially during the rainy season. The farmers and gardeners most of the time walk going to and from their farms and gardens. Considering the distance from their houses, it takes them at least three hours a day for their travel going to and from their fields. This is considered as a big waste of their precious time that is supposedly being maximized with fieldwork.

30. During harvest time, the only kind of vehicle that can pass by the road stretch is elf trucks and other four-wheel-drive vehicles. The hiring of these vehicles is much too high for the budget of a farmer but still, they have no choice but to do it so that they can catch up with the higher price in the market. If no vehicle is available, the farmers carry their produce from their farms to the main highway where jeepney can pass. It takes them at least three to five days for this activity depending on the distance of their farm and the condition of the road.

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The carrying time is again a big burden to them because every day that passes by means a loss to their income because they cannot catch up with the higher price of vegetables in the market. To avoid this, they tend to hire other people to help carry their produce to the main high way. This means another cash out for their labor. Either way, the farmers are at the losing end. The current situation of the road is like a double-bladed sword that does not present a better option to the farmers.

31. Its dire need to complete the concreting at sta. 5+987 – 6+467 and to construct an additional RCPC with inlet at sta. 1+300. The farm people have now less enthusiasm for farming and agroforestry business due to the deterioration of the barangay roads brought by continuous rains and typhoons. Farm products have only a slim chance for a better market when rain falls and roads become impassable. Through the years, the LGU has made some repairs but is not enough due to a lack of funds.

Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Subproject

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D. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

32. The original proposed subproject is the Rehabilitation of Ato – Engan – Lamagan - Atowanan Farm-to- Market Road. It has a total length of 6 km. The route will start at Sitio Engan, Brgy. Poblacion or station 0+000 traversing Sitio Lamagan , Sitio Atowanan, Sitio Danum and will end up at Sitio Mobo or sta. 6+700. The proposed variation order is within the original contract. It is to complete the concreting at sta. 5+987- 6+467 and to construct an additional RCPC with inlet at sta. 1+300.

33. Construction works and specification of materials shall comply with engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Materials as quantified and estimated (cost) are assumed to be available in the locality. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the subproject will be through national competitive bidding (NCB).

34. Specified hereunder are the items of works, to wit:

Sub-grade Preparation (Item 105) This Item shall consist of the preparation of the sub-grade for the support of overlying structural layers. It shall extend to full width of the roadway including the width covered by the Curb and Gutter. Unless authorized by the Engineer, sub-grade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the construction of the pavement structure. Aggregate Base Course (Item 200) This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregate base course on a prepared sub-grade in accordance with the Specification and the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the Plans, or as directed by the Engineer. Surface Course (Item 300) This Item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregate surface course on a prepared sub-grade in accordance with the specification and the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans, or as established by the Engineer. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (Item 311) This Item shall consist of pavement of Portland Cement Concrete without reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base in accordance with the Specification and in conformity with lines, grades, thickness and typical cross- section shown in the Plans. Pipe Culvert and Storm Drains (Item 500) This item shall consist of the construction or reconstruction of pipe culverts and storm drains, hereinafter referred to as “cross drains” or “conduits” in accordance with the Specification and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

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2. Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase

35. The pre-construction phase involves the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community for the entry of the project to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed engineering plans and programs of work, ROW negotiation, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, NGO service providers, community beneficiaries especially the Peoples’ organizations and contractors.

b. Construction Phase

36. The construction phase involves the mobilization of construction equipment, construction workers and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end with the demobilization of construction equipment, workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community residents under the close supervision of the Subproject Management Unit.

c. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase

37. The operation and maintenance phase involves the actual maintenance of the improved farm to market road during its expected economic life. This will involve the designation a spoils storage area of at least 25 meters away from water bodies for proper disposal of excavated materials, wetting areas of dust sources along vehicle route, and regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals.

d. Abandonment Phase

38. This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment.

39. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails and welding roads) and lumber.

E. Manpower Requirements

40. Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower may not be available in the locality thus it may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms.

41. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project.

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42. The Contractor shall employ qualified and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

F. Project Cost

43. The Subproject Cost of the original contract as estimated has the total amount of PhP29,536,364.00 which includes the costs for the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (material+labor+equipment rental) (Table 3). The said direct cost has the amount of PhP 23,396,370.66. The overhead, contingencies and miscellaneous (OCM) profit will be 10% and 8% of the direct cost, respectively. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 5% as required by the government. While the variation order costs Php 2,939,529.095 which also includes the indirect cost, direct cost and the 5% tax/VAT.

44. Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 88% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project and the remaining 12% will be borne by the proponent LGU-Sagada as equity counterpart which will be appropriated by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) from the Municipal Development Fund. The amount of equity counterpart based from the presented subproject cost above is PhP 3,544,363.68.00. Financing mix of the variation order is the same with the original contract (Table 4). 88% (Php 2,586,785.60) of the total subproject cost will be provided by DA-INREMP and the 12% (Php 352,743.49) will be the counterpart of LGU-Barlig.

45. Breakdown of cost estimates is presented in the table below.

Table 3: Preliminary Cost Estimate on Major Scope of Works (Original Contract)

Breakdown of Estimated Project Cost

Fund Source Total Cost DA-INREMP LGU

Direct Cost Materials 18,555,041.55 238,440.07 18,793,481.62 Equipment 2,807,475.04 2,807,475.04 Labor

Skilled 560,200.00 560,200.00 Unskilled 1,235,214.00 1,235,214.00

Sub-Total 21,362,516.59 2,033,854.07 23,396,370.66 Indirect Cost

B.1. Contractor’s Profit 2,404,051 2,404,051.91 B.2. OCM 1,910,527.92 1,910,527.92

B.3. Mob. / Demob. 184,295.10 184,295.10 VAT / Taxes 5% 1,401,292.72 1,401,292.72 Sub-Total 4,629,483.73 1,401,292.72 6,030,776.45 Approved Budget For The Contract 25,992,000.32 3,435,146.79 29,427,147.11

Admin. Cost Supervision 109,216.89 109,216.89 Total Project Cost 25,992,000.32 3,544,363.68 29,536,364.00

Table 4: Preliminary Cost Estimate on Major Scope of Works (Variation Order)

Breakdown of Estimated Project Cost

Fund Source Total Cost DA-INREMP LGU

Direct Cost Materials 1,577,746.70 215,147.28 1,792,893.98 Equipment 338,456.47 46,153.15 384,609.62 Labor

Skilled 37, 540.80 5, 119.20 560,200.00 42, 660.00 Unskilled 99, 260.48 13, 535.52 112, 796.00

Sub-Total 2, 053,004.45 279, 955.15 2, 332, 959

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Indirect Cost B.1. Contractor’s Profit 164,240.36 22, 396.41 186, 636.77

B.2. OCM 246, 360.53 33, 594.62 279, 955.15

VAT / Taxes 5% 123, 180.27 16, 797. 31 139, 977.58 Sub-Total 533, 781.16 72, 788.34 606, 569.50 Total Project Cost 2, 586, 785.60 352, 743.49 2, 939, 529.095

46. The source of fund for the project will come from the National Government (through DA-INREMP) and Local Government Unit for a cost sharing/financing mix of 88%of the total Subproject Cost and the remaining 12% from the proponent LGU of Sagada, Mountain Province as equity counterpart, appropriated by the Local Finance Committee from the LGU’s 20% Local Development Fund.

47. Aside from the equity counterpart provided by the Municipality of Sagada for proposed subproject, it also allocated an amount intended for the preparation of the project such as seminars, preparation of feasibility study (or subproject proposal document) and detailed engineering, survey of the project site and evaluation by the personnel from different sectors who are involved in the planning and implementation of the subproject.

48. During the operation and maintenance period, the LGU shall ensure that a supplemental budget to the existing operation and maintenance expenses of the entire municipality’s road and network facilities shall be allocated just for this new road subproject.

G. Project Duration and Schedule

49. After the conduct of technical assistance to partner LGUs in November 2017, the LGU- PMU started the preparation and completion of the SPD. The completed SPD will be submitted to RPMO for review and concurrence. When found substantial, it will be endorsed to the ADB for the request of NOL which is targeted on the first quarter of 2018. During these stages, the DED is simultaneously being prepared by the LGU Engineering Unit and is expected to be final and complete on or before the time of the ADB NOL. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved.

50. Procurement period may start on January 2019 and shall take 9 to 11 weeks to comply with the ADB Procurement Guidelines, thus the Subproject is expected to be awarded within the month April 2019. Construction will take 275 calendar days. After the completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents before the year ends and the turn-over ceremonies shall also take place at the same time. Other details are shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Implementation Schedule

Subproject Milestone

2017 2018 2019

N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

SPD Preparation

SPD Review and Approval

DED Preparation

Procurement Stage

Construction Stage

Completion and Turn-over

O&M Activity

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Topography

51. Barangay Patay, like most other barangays has a mountainous terrain. It has gentle tovery steep slopes with many portions of gradually sloping valleys in the west-central andnortheastern areas.

52. Topography shows that nearly level areas (18% slope and below) comprise about953.87 ha or 8.61 % of the total area; gently sloping to undulating (above 18% to 30% slope),894.71 ha with 8.07 %; rolling to moderately steep (above 30 to 50 %), 3504.79 ha with 31.63%; steep slopes (above 50% slope), 5728.18 ha with 51.69.

53. The barangay has an elevation of 1,476 m asl at its lowest part while 1,739 m asl at itshighest point.

54. The elevation of the proposed road rehabilitation alignment ranges from 1,550 m aslto 1,730 m asl with an average slope of 10.6%. Further details are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject

B. Climate

55. The Municipality of Sagada falls under climatic Type 1 characterized by two (2)pronounced seasons relatively dry from December to May and wet during the rest of the year.Typhoons usually occur in the rainy months of August to October.

56. In particular, Barangay Patay is generally cold with a temperature of 18 to 20 degreesCelsius. Usually, the months of October to February are windy and the coldest are the monthsof December to February. The barangay has two pronounced seasons. The rainy season

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starts in the month of May and ends in October or November while the dry season starts in the month of December and ends in the month of April. Other details are shown in Figure 3.

C. Soil Types

57. There are three (3) general types of soil in the area, namely: clay loam, loam and sandysoil texture based on a soil sampling result conducted during the formulation of the BarangayNatural Resources Management Plan in 2015. From the same source, the barangay haspredominantly clay loam texture with portions of limy soil.

58. In particular, the proposed road access rehabilitation subproject is mostly Abatan clayloam. This soil series is having underlain with poor drainage and by massive clay loam. Otherdetails of soil series type in Sagada Mountain Province are shown in Figure 4.

Figure 3: Monthly Climate Conditions in Sagada, Mountain Province

D. Land Classification and Land Use

59. Based on the legal land classification, Sagada covers approximate areas of 94hectares A & D and 10,987 hectares forestland.

60. With the A & D lands located along or near the periphery of the locality, its presentuses are commonly agricultural purposes.

61. The forestland bulk of the area shows 66 % or 7,264 hectares forest cover with pineand mossy forest comprising 5,301 and 1,963 hectares respectively (Table 6). Next to theforests are the settlement and cultivations, and the least are minimal areas of open grass andbrush lands.

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62. Existing land uses present different types of utilization. Based on the consolidated map,pine and mossy forest areas cover 7,288 hectares while extensive land uses (cultivated/open,grasslands, mixed crops/shrubs) 3,476 hectares and intensive land use (built-up areas) isequivalent to 316 hectares.

63. The land cover distribution in Sagada Mountain Province is shown in Figure 5. Theproposed road access alignment falls within the annual crop land cover type. It must be notedthat the actual land use types along the subproject are mostly agricultural lands planted ofhighland vegetables (cabbage, gabi, beans, broccoli, wombok, carrots, sweat peas, corn,pepper, cucumber, legumes), root crops (cassava and camote), sugarcane, papaya anddragon fruit.

Table 6: Current Land Uses in the Forestland

Present Land Use Area (ha) % Distribution A. Forest 7,288.75 65.77 Mossy 1,954.76 Mix (Mossy&Pine) 196.08 Coniferous 5,137.91 B. Extensive land Uses 3,476.10 31.37 Wooded Grassland 545.91 Shrubs 731.90 Grassland 480.12 Cultivated 1,651.21 Inland Water 66.95 C. Intensive Land Use 316.72 2.86 Built-up/ Settlement Areas 316.72 Total 11,081.57 100.00

E. Flora and Fauna

64. Again, the proposed subproject falls within and along the KABAMAAM Watershed. Thewatershed used to have a diverse population of flora and fauna. Several terrestrial vertebratespecies were known to thrive in the watershed but many are threatened to extinction becauseof uncontrolled hunting, conversion of wildlife habitat to agricultural purposes and frequentforest fires in the pine forest. The uncontrolled hunting is best exemplified by the air riflesusually carried by farmers and workers alike when they go to the workplace.

65. The proposed road access rehabilitation subproject is about 20 km away from thenorthern part of Mt. Data natural park. The LGU of Sagada, DA-RPMO and RPCO technicalstaff together with its consultants have evaluated that there are no trees at the easement andright of way and no endangered and critically endangered species of fauna within the proposedroad rehabilitation project during the field validation in November 2017 (Appendix 3). However,there are claimants in a 124.7 sqm portion of right of way at Sta 0+178 - Sta 0+379. Theseaffected sections have already been waived.1 Succeeding stations until Sta 6+000 noted noproperties that will be affected. Right of way including assessments needed are enough andclear of any obstruction.

1 All waivers are attached in the subproject document (SPD).

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1. Flora

66. The variety of plants in the Watershed are wild edible plants, berries, medicinal plants,ornamental plants, mosses, vines, bamboos, trees and others. These are found within thedifferent forest ecosystems in the watershed like the mossy, pine, grasslands and mixedecosystems.

Figure 4: Soil Type of the Sagada Mountain Province

Figure 5: Current land uses within A&D and Forestland

67. Based on the biological profile submitted by EMPAS, gymnosperms and other non- dipterocarp species are dominant in the watershed.

68. In particular, the barangay is surrounded by forest with rich flora but due to forest fires,some appear to be extinct. Among those available in the area are: pinit (wildberries), ferns,shrubs, mountain tea, cogons and nging-iyaw (fine, crawling fern-like plants). On thewatershed are ngayngay, digway, agubangbang, alumani, pitpitok, binnok, wild bamboos andother wild fruits and wildberries.

2. Fauna

69. According to the Biological Profile prepared by the Protected Areas and WildlifeServices (PAWS) of the DENR, there are several faunal species that have been observedwithin the watershed (Table 7). Twenty-eight are considered endemic, nine (9) are resident-

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species which live and breed only in the Philippines, two (2) are migrants, and one (1) insufficiently known.

Table 7: Identified Wildlife Species and Aquatic Resources in the Area

Birds Wild Mammals Wild Bees Aquatic

Resources (Freshwater)

Adog Danggo Gayang Labaan Martinez Tala Tiktiko Talakop/Koop Tiway Maya/biding Salaksak Adas Siwsiw-it Dawwak Kulisaw Puwapo Gayang Tibangwa Dekdek Pagaw Mayaw Talacop Pogo

Wild pig/Buka Motit Buwet Ugsa Cloud rat Wild cat Squirrel Monee Monkey Kabaw Bango Pagayen Kal-is

Iyukan Atimbayungan Aleg/aneg Iyukan/yukan Lukutan Tembayongan Alipapasok

Crab/Aggaki Carp Eel/Dalit Kaling Kadew Tilapia Wading Agudong

70. A variety of fauna species are found in the watershed from birds, mammals, bees,rodents and fresh water resources. These species play a very important role in themaintenance of the food chain and in other life cycles in the ecosystem.

71. Table 8 shows the list of faunal species that were observed in KWMU e.g. birds,mammals, bees, rodents and fresh water resources. These species play a very important rolein the maintenance of the food chain and in other life cycles in the ecosystem. Among thesespecies, the following are considered to be vulnerable, threatened, endangered, resident,migrant and endemic.

72. In addition, birds of different species and sizes are often sighted particularly during themigratory period every October. Among the birds found in the forests are: adas, boding,kalapati, pingew, tala and eagle.

Table 8: List of fauna species that were observed in KABAMAAM Watershed Management

Local Name Scientific Name Remarks/Status Brown hawk-owl Ninox scutulata Endemic Luzon Scops-owl Otus longicornis Endemic Spotted button-aquail Tunixocellata

Siberian ruby-throat Luscinia calliope

Scaly ground-thrush Zootheradauma Migrant Luzon bush-warbler Cettia seebohmi

Long-tailed ground-warbler Bradypteruscaudatus

Mountain white-eye Zosterops montanus Endemic Short-footed tree rat Carpomys melanurus

Luzon pygmy fruitbat Otopteropus cartilagonodus Endemic

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Local Name Scientific Name Remarks/Status Diadem round-leaf bat Hipposiderosdiadema Resident Javan pipistrelle Pipistrellusjavanicus Resident Least pipistrelle Pipistrellustennis

Luzon shrew Crocidura grayi

Cordilleraforest mouse Apomysdatae and abrae Endangered SmallLuzon forest mouse Apomysmicrodon

Cordillerashrew-mouse Archboldomyssp. Endemic Luzon hairy-tailed rat Batomysgranti Endemic Large Luzon forest rat Bullimusluzonicus Endangered Cordillerashrew-rat Chrotomys whiteheadi Endangered Spiny ricefield rat Rattusexulans Resident Common Philippine forest rat Rattuseveretti Endemic Oriental houserat Rattustanezumi Resident Bushy tailed-cloud rat Crateromys schadenbergi

Mt.Data cloud frog Platymantis negrosensis

Chestnut-faced Babbler Stachyris whiteheadi

Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes philippinus Endemic Blue-headed Fantail Rhipidura cyaniceps

Mountain Leaf- Warbler Phlloscupostrivigatus

Elegant tit Parus elegans

Mountain Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias panayensis

Brush Cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus

FurtiveFlycatcher Ficedula disposita

Spotted Wood-Kingfisher Actenoideslindsayi Endemic Scaly-feathered Maikoha Phaenicophaeuscumingi

Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis

JapaneseParadise-flycatcher Terpsiphone atrucauda Endemic Mountainwhite-eye Zosterops montanus

White-browed Shortwing Brachypteryx montana

Fire-breasted Flowerpecker Dicaeumignipectus

Greater flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus

Philippine Scops-Owl Otus megalitis

Flame-breasted fruit-dove Ptilinopusmarchei

F. Hydrology

73. The proposed road access rehabilitation subproject is within the KABAMAAMWatershed. This watershed manifests an irregular dendritic drainage pattern. Parallel straightstreams flow from the upper slopes of the generally northeast to southwest trending range.The river flows towards the central areas to the eastern boundary of the watershed. On thenortheastern side, Kalawitan River flows generally towards the north tributaries (Figure 6).

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Figure 6: Drainage Pattern and Network of the KABAMAAM Watershed

G. Water Quality

74. The proposed rehabilitation of Ato – Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan - MoboFarm toMarket Road subproject is adjacent to the Malitep Creek in the eastern side. The creek hasstill no water classification pursuant to DAO No.34, Series of 1990 and DENR MemorandumCircular No.09, Series of 2001. In the absence of water classification and in accordance withthe Manual of Procedure for Water Classification, these rivers are assumed to be a Class Awaters since most of the upstream stations are under this classification. A “Class A” watersintended beneficial use is public water supply class which is usually sources of water supplythat will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) inorder to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water.

75. The water quality assessment in the Bayudan and Kalawitan Rivers were conductedduring the 4th Quarter – CY 2014. These river networks are 2 km away from the alignment ofthe subproject. Based on the results, the pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids,Turbidity, Nitrate, Manganese, Cyanide, Copper, and Cadium are within the permissible limitset by the DENR while Lead and Mercury did conform to the set standards for Class A waters.Other details are presented in Table 9.

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Table 9: Some Physical and Chemical Water Quality Characteristics Recorded in the Rivers

Parameters DENR Standard (DAO 2016-08) Class A

Bayudan River

Kalawitan River

pH 6.0-9.0 6.5 7 Total Suspended Solids

50 mg/L 21 11

Total Dissolved Solids

1,000 mg/L 192 126

Turbidity 0-400 FTU 2 0 Nitrate mg/L 0.07 0.06 Manganese mg/L 0.12 0.03 Cyanide 0.05 mg/L 0.03 0.01 Lead 0.05 mg/L 0.246 0.366 Copper - <0.005 <0.005 Mercury 0.002 mg/L 0.5966 1.3394 Cadium 0.01 mg/L <0.010 <0.010 Source: Physical and chemical water analysis result tested at Bauko Rural Health Unit in 2014

H. Water Sources

76. There are six (6) sources of water supply in Barangay Patay. These are Tanap,Danonoy, Namsong, Gakey, Pitak-baka, and Buasao. These serve as the source for domesticand agricultural use of the barangay and nearby communities.

77. Barangay Patay has three (3) sub-watersheds namely; Gakey, Lasig and Pilaw. Theseare the sub-watersheds that supply water to the community and the nearby barangays.

I. Mining

78. There is no mining activity being done within the barangay.

J. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Demographic Characteristics

79. In 2011, the total population of the barangay was 1,619 while in 2016 the totalpopulation was 1,407. Comparing the population within the span of 5 years, there is adecrease of 212 people or 1.15%. The density ratio is 3:1 which means there are 3 peopleoccupying one hectare of land in the barangay.

80. In the 2016 total population, 672 are males while 735 are females. It is composed of449 households and 527 families.

2. Basic Social Services

Health Services

81. The municipality rural health unit is located at Barangay Patay. There is also a hospitalin the barangay. The St. Theodore’s hospital is a private hospital.

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Education

82. There are two (2) secondary schools, one private and a government school, one (1) elementary school, a kindergarten and a daycare center located within barangay Patay. The school going-age population in the nearby barangays of Dagdag and Demang also avail of the school facilities of the barangay.

3. Economic Situation

Agricultural Area 83. Barangay Patay comprises 70% farming households having an average individual estimated land area of 0.3 hectares being planted with rice, assorted vegetables, plantation crops and root crops. A total area of 300 square meters of fish ponds situated in various locations within the barangay is being maintained by small fish cooperators raising tilapia, loach, carp and catfish.

84. Of the 160 hectares allotted to agriculture in the barangay, 40 hectares or 25% is being planted with cash crop vegetables. About 30 hectares or 20 % is being planted with cash crop vegetables. About 3.0 hectares or 2% is planted with coffee. The rest of the barangay’s agricultural land are planted with citrus, subsistence crops and plantation crops.

85. Estimated volume of production in metric tons in year 2015 for rice totals to 2,856 while vegetable cash crops totals to 1,920 metric tons for the municipality of Sagada.

Agroforestry and Forestry Areas 86. The following are traditional and existing ownership systems practiced all over the areas of the different Ancestral Domain Management Units (ADMUs) of the barangay:

Community-Claimed Owned Forests/Areas

Kumon/Saguday di Umili – Communally owned forestlands either pine or mossy, brushland and grassland forest areas maintained and protected by the whole community for public purposes. It may be a claim of ownership over an area by a certain barangay or group of barangays.

Privately-Claimed Owned Forests/Areas

Kumon/Saguday di Pangapo – An ownership system established by a person or immediate family over an area whether be it woodlot (“batangan”), pasture area (“Pundag”), and/or land cultivations passed to the generations with all the members as co-owners.

Kumon/Saguday di Dumap-ay - The system describes the scope of corporate ownership by members of a certain “Dap-ay”, a socio-cultural institution in a village that administers culture-based management systems whereby resource rights lay to its members.

Personal and or Family Owned Forest Areas - Family ownership is by a person, and/or spouses along with the immediate family members as co-owners.

Ancestral Domain Area

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87. Through the recognition of the ancestral domains, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources issued Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) No. 039 to the Municipality of Sagada, Mountain province on 14 March 1996.

Fisheries 88. One of the objectives of the Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) is to increase tilapia, carp, hito and loach production within the municipality. There are two (2) types of fishing grounds in the area, the inland water which are Bellang lake and Leneng lake and the fishpond. The Department of Agriculture provides fingerlings to farmer cooperators.

89. While there is a high demand of fish in the area and continuous support from the agricultural department, fish farmers cannot cope up with the demand due to the high cost of feeding materials and negative attitude of some people where they tend to steal the fishes.

Commerce and Industry 90. The Municipality of Sagada’s commercial activities are concentrated in the Poblacion area, Barangay Patay. Most commercial establishments cater to tourists’ food, lodging, and local products. There is also significant trade of agricultural products such as coffee, tea, vegetables, and weaving. The public market of Sagada is home to various stores selling local products, an internet shop, a salon and barbershop, and a number of eateries. There is no municipal slaughterhouse, instead, the LGU collects a fee per head of livestock sold. As for garbage collection, the LGU has a materials recovery facility but its operation is threatened by a burgeoning population especially during the peak tourist season. Water and power supply are also strained by increased tourist traffic.

91. Commercial activity in Sagada is very active given the number and visibility of commercial establishments compared to other fifth-class municipalities. However, earnings can be considered seasonal, especially for the tourist-reliant establishments. The challenge is to foster commerce that is inclusive, profitable, and sustainable all year round. The educated, entrepreneurial, and talented Sagada locals play an important role if the vision for the Sagada economy is to be achieved.

Tourism 92. The Municipality of Sagada has been considered as the most popular tourist destination outside of Baguio City in the Cordillera Administrative Region. Its cool climate, fresh and green pine sceneries, rock formations, limestone caves, panoramic landscapes, waterfalls, hanging coffins, indigenous feasts and festivals, and other attractions are so alluring to tourists that many of them keep coming back.

93. The said natural wonders and cultural endowment are the major assets which the local communities are capitalizing on to bankroll the local tourism industry and stimulate economic growth. In fact, recent economic data show that tourism has already surpassed agriculture as the prime mover industry and the fastest growing economic sector in the municipality. Business establishments like accommodation enterprises, cafes, restaurants, and souvenir shops are rapidly increasing in number and so with the tour guides, shuttle drivers and operators, and other tourism service providers. Village-based entrepreneurs and farmers also find a niche market for their products like processed foods, muscovado sugar, coffee, fruits, vegetables and assortment of woven products right in their own backyard. The LGU for its part is experiencing a steady increase in revenue generation in the form of taxes, business permits and environmental fees.

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94. The implementation of projects, programs and activities has elevated Sagada’sintegrity as a prime tourist destination. But given its limited resources and land area, thechallenge remains on how to sustain the town’s natural and cultural environment amidst theinflux of tourists. Although the LGU has formulated policies and rules regulating some aspectsof the industry, it still has to come up with a master tourism development plan which shallserve as a roadmap towards sustainable tourism, and save Sagada from the abyss of masstourism.

4. Income and Expenditure

95. Based on Department of the Interior and Local Government Department AdministrativeOrder 32, Series of 2001, Sagada is a fifth-class municipality. Farming is the major economicactivity by the people in Sagada. The other sources of income and livelihood activities in themunicipality are: 1) agricultural production which includes farming, gardening and orchard- growing, 2) weaving industry, 3) backyard industry such as hog raising and cattle raising, 4)entrepreneurship such as managing inns and homestays, cooperatives, restaurants, stores,and souvenir shops, 5) Employment in the private and government sector, 6) Veteran, SSS,and GSIS pensions,7) labor employment such as carpentry and daily wage labor.

96. Majority of the people in the municipality use their income for food, clothing, educationand additional or start up business capital. Few, if there are any, would save their income in abank.

5. Present Transport System

97. The main transportation facility that serve the municipality from Poblacion to thedifferent barangays is the public utility jeepney. Other transportation facilities such as privatecars and buses going to and from Baguio City passes through some of the barangays that aresituated near the main highway.

98. The residents of the barangay and also the farmers passing through the Ato-Engan –Lamagan – Atowanan – Mobo road stretch are experiencing inconvenience and hazardsbrought by its poor condition. Farm inputs and farm produce are carried by the farmers fromtheir garden up to the road. The time and labor spent for this activity takes the bulk of thefarmers’ budget that most of the time leaves them negative.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

99. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civilworks, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed Improvement ofAto – Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan - Mobo FMR given that all the proposed civil works areonly asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. Therewill only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementationof civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of themitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. Theseconstructions related impacts can be mitigated by (i) the contractors’ work practices, especiallythose related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standardsafety requirements; (ii) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of useof public space and utilities; (iii) project management’s strict enforcement of the correctconstruction practices and standards; (iv) the incorporation of the mitigation measuresidentified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and (v) close monitoring of thecontractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

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100. Meanwhile, environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures in each activityduring project pre-construction, construction and operation phases are presented in Table 10.Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impactsand presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VIII.

Table 10: Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts

Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Excavation/ Structural Excavation

Subgrade Preparation/ Sub-

base Course

Embankment PCCP Pipe Culvert

Grouted Riprap

Curb and Gutter

Land surface disturbance – surface scrapping, top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing

moderate minor minor minor minor minor minor

Affects temporal water regime: decrease water quantity and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion

minor minor minor minor minor minor minor

Altered or impaired hydrology of the immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular stream flow


Decrease in downstream natural resources’ economic and social values/uses


Decrease site’s attraction in terms of losing some geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance


Vegetation loss affecting rare species habitats, particularly of known local, national or international nature conservation importance,

minor minor none minor none minor none

Adverse impact on local and transient fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance.

minor minor none minor none minor none

Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, weeds or rare diseases

none none none none none none none

Frequent incurrence and increased intensity of grassfire


Contamination of the immediate and/or broader environment cause by the storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works

minor minor minor minor none minor none

Air particulate emissions which may cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human health and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase

minor minor moderate minor minor minor minor

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Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Excavation/ Structural Excavation

Subgrade Preparation/ Sub-

base Course

Embankment PCCP Pipe Culvert

Grouted Riprap

Curb and Gutter

Excessive solid waste accumulation during infrastructure construction

moderate minor minor minor minor moderate minor

Increase in noise and/or vibration during construction


Unnatural lighting effects that may impact upon flora and fauna, or deplete the sense of naturalness of the area


Natural landscape fragmentation and discontinuity

none none none none none minor none

Adverse impact on land use and the amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the integrity of agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on)


Adverse impact on existing or potential recreational value and quality of known traditional experience associated to site natural setting


Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ visual value and its surrounding area -from different vantage points


Rating: None= no adverse impact; Minor= slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate=slight negative impact for a year but not damaging enough to cause ecological, health and economic disturbance. 101. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increased delivery of agricultural products, increased tourism, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved road safety due to installation of safety signs, and others.

102. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

103. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’, and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done

104. Identification and prioritization of road sections will be participated in by the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan.

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3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

105. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject will be prepared by the LGU. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities.

106. The LGU with assistance from TA-PMIC will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

4. Recruitment of workers

107. The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

108. The contractors will source construction materials under their own arrangements. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re- suspension of dust during the dry seasons.

109. Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. These roads include those which are leading to the project site. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

110. The contractor will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing road which would result to have minor damage landscape. No trees will be affected during site preparation and ground clearing.

111. There are no encroachments of any residential houses or dwellings, businesses, or institutional structures found along the right of way of the proposed rehabilitation of access road. There are no house/ dwelling structures found on these areas. The owners have waived their right to any claim and/ or compensation as evidenced in the signed waivers.

112. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

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3. Soil erosion

113. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed alongsubproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off andsedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects thegrowth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cutsand fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activitiesshould be taken up only during dry season.

114. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protectionstructures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures tominimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage andcutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect thecut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) If new erosionoccurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road

115. During ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road, the potential impactswould be minor and short-termed to the terrestrial resources as well as to the quality of surfacewater in the river. The contractor will be required to do the following: 1) the construction siteshould be located away from forested or plantation areas, 2) all construction fluids such asoils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas, 3) nowaste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations, 4) erosion channels mustbe built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion, 5) earthworksshould be conducted during dry periods, 6) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surfacewaters, 7) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 8) pit latrines to be locatedaway from surface waters, 9) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, 10)no aggregate mining from rivers or lakes, and 11) minimize the use of heavy equipment atsteep slopes.

5. Civil works

116. Since the subproject will mainly involve concrete pavement (with no road widening andrealignments), main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and watercontamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigatingmeasures during concrete pavement and stone masonry activities such as 1) piling ofaggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-trafficareas, and 2) all spills should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous wastemanagement plan, and according to government regulations.

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

117. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from theoperation of construction equipment, and dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads,exposed soils and material stock piles.

118. In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly apply wettingagents to exposed soil and construction roads, 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles ofconstruction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates, 3) minimize the time for excavationsand exposed soil are left open or exposed, 4) backfill immediately after work is completed, 5)restrict working time between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, 6) maintain equipment in proper workingcondition, 7) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery, 8) vehicles and machineryto be turned off when not in use, and 9) construct temporary noise barriers around excessivelynoisy activity areas if possible.

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7. Dust and noise from borrow pits

119. Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits. The contractor will ensure thefollowing mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures to comply with nationalstandards, watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 2) secureappropriate environmental permits, 3) the borrow and material dumping sites must be accesscontrolled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other strayanimals, and 4) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if theyare exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure

120. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surfacewaters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will bedisposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacentsurface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposedof in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

121. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoidcontamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management ofgeneral solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to includecovering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created fromconstruction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup anddisposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible.All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will beno site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected andremoved from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

10. Water quality

122. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment(i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker campsto the water resources. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitaryfacilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and propersanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 3) provide wastewater treatment facility(e.g., septic tank), and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled toprevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction workscontaining high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentationtanks.

11. Construction drainage system

123. The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain waternatural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away fromconstruction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene

124. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure thatno untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will beestablished at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted,exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be

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required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

125. Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zonesshould be provided around all construction sites, 2) sufficient signage and informationdisclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3) worker and public safetyguidelines should be followed, 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal atconstruction sites, 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 6) standingwater suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 7) worker education andawareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of theconstruction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributedto workers, 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and otherPPE should be mandatory for all construction workers, 9) adequate medical services must beon site or nearby all construction site, 10) drinking water must be provided at all constructionsites, 11) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 12) all construction sitesshould be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

13. Traffic safety and management

126. Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected peopleare provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). The contractor isresponsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the constructionsites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Signpostings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, shouldbe used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will beconfined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian andvehicles during construction works.

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

127. Access road rehabilitation work will directly cause minor degradation of the localecology through the clearance of small areas of vegetation at major work sites. A short-termimpact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in worksites during theconstruction period due to minor vegetation clearance. Vegetative cover stripped from thelocations described above will be kept for slope protection.

128. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching ofedible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will beresponsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection offauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

15. Damage to properties

129. Another potential impact during construction is damaged to properties (structures,irrigation, farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and otherproject-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/orcompensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquacultureponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply,communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materialsand other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in theirpre-project condition for the duration of construction.

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16. Concrete washout

130. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing maycontaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. Tomitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect andretain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does notreach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recyclethe collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with aplastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

17. Use of Hazardous Substances

131. Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will havepotential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact,vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (withconcrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricantsand fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agencyand following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediatelycleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardousmaterials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergencysituations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation.The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be accesscontrolled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will becollected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure thatthese will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

18. Public safety

132. Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: Tomitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation ofsturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2) provision of proper signageand lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic andpedestrians, 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access,4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where thereare other sensitive receptors, and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimizeaccidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials duringtransport.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of upgraded access road

133. The operation of the Improvement of Ato – Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan – MoboFarm to Market Road will have potentials impacts both positive and negative to the area. Thenegative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution andnoise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus onincreased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources managementproject sites, and open for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Bontocand other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit(20 kph) when passing through populated area, 2) provide appropriate warning signs andlighting, 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals toavoid clogging, 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 5) ensurethat existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and propercoordination involves different agencies, 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations,

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and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

134. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUsachieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A barangay consultation to include neighboringbeneficiary barangays conducted wherein they manifested support for the Improvement of Ato– Engan – Lamagan – Atowanan - Mobo Farm to Market Road.

135. During this consultation, the proponent has made presentation of the Subprojectdescribing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, andanticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went verywell and effective and the discussions were documented (Appendix 8 and 9). The results ofthe consultation were positive, with local people considering that the road will bring significanteconomic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows (Table 11). Concerns on thesubproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long termnegative environmental impact assessed by the participants. Majority of the respondents citedease of transport as one of the direct benefits of the road; majority of them as well are notanticipating any negative impact of the subproject. It would provide easy access in respondingto forest fire. As a result of the consultation meeting conducted, the barangay councilexpressed their acceptance and support to the project by executing a resolution endorsing theImprovement of Ato – engan – Lamagan – Atowanan - Mobo Farm to Market Road (Appendix10 and 11).

136. The LGU of Sagada expressly showed their interest in all the subprojects of INREMPstarting from the pre-implementation phase up to implementation stage. This is manifested intheir cooperation and participation during orientation, consultation, planning and trainingactivities. Support from the LGU further heightened with the passing of SB resolution acceptingand supporting the Rural Infrastructure (RI) and Natural Resource Management (NRM)component of the project (Appendix 12).

Table 11: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Patay

Venue: Barangay Hall, Patay, Sagada, Mountain Province Benefits from the road rehabilitation expressed by on-site and off-site stakeholders

People in general see the project in a positive light because it will improve their travel time to and fro the area. Vehicle maintenance will also be lessened because of the improved road conditions. It was a wish of the community for their FMR to be rehabilitated and repaired for ease of travel both in dry and wet season.

Pre-construction phase issues

Beneficiaries Response Project Management Team

Response

No issues raised since the community supports the

NA

Construction phase issues

No issues raised since the community supports the project

NA

Operation and maintenance phase issues

No issues raised since the community supports the Project

NA

Suggested impact NA

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B. Information Disclosure

137. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultationprocess will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR-FMB, the Municipality ofSagada, Mountain Province and the affected Barangay offices, the Provincial Environmentaland Natural Resource Officer, and DENR regional office, which will make them available tothe public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done duringimplementation through:

• The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explainingthe affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtainingcompensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land forconstruction camps and recording grievances; and

• Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation fromthe affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will beresponsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

138. To provide venue for resolving grievances and disputes a Grievance RedressMechanism be set up. This will be done to resolve whatever arising disputes as early and asquickly as possible before it could escalate to a level where it is unmanageable.

139. Consultations with stakeholders in regards to the subproject were done. Since, theywere conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, the LGU willhave to anticipate complaints that may arise during project implementation, which are listedbelow:

i). Road accessibility related grievances –This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

ii). Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/ implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

iii). Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

140. If case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area whichcan be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active group sex is in the area suchas the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge ofsettling disputes related to barangay administration.

141. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the PPCO head. Memberswill include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest officialat the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii)barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached

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grievance intake form (Appendix 13). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

142. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are thefollowing:

i). complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form;

ii). within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting;

iii). within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint.

iv). if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days;

v). the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint;

vi). the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and

vii). if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.).

143. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints,disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolvethe issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reportsto be submitted to ADB.

Grievance Among IPs

144. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handledfollowing the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples,the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There maybe several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws beforethe dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict ordispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders.

i). Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; ii). If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to

the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and iii). If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to

the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

145. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMPare presented in Table 12.

Table 12: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation

Agency Responsibilities LGU of Sagada, Mt. Province Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction

and operation thru the Sagada subproject management unit (SPMU)composed of LGU division heads especially the Municipal Planningand Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer.

Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement theEMP

Ensure that Project implementation complies with Governmentenvironmental policies and regulations

Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complieswith the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement2009

Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the EnvironmentalManagement Bureau and/or other concerned government agenciesprior to commencement of civil works

Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervisionand civil works include the relevant EMP requirements

Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, asdescribed in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affectedpeoples’ concerns

Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation toADB.

DA-INREMP Provide advice to PPMO Safeguards Officer on IEE preparation Provide advice to PPMO Safeguards Officer on EMP implementation

during construction Monitor progress during construction Consolidate PPMO environmental reporting Provide advice to PPMO Safeguards Officer on EMP implementation

during first year of operation Monitor progress during first year of operation

PPMO and WMPCO Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP

Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status ofEMP implementation for submission to ADB

Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmentalcorrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, asnecessary, for submission to ADB

Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units(LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmentalaspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmentalpermits.

NPCO Provide guidance and fund allocation Assist and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports of

the subproject. Closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of

mitigation measures specified in the EMP. Assist SPMU of Sagada and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual

environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation.Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoringto be conducted by the contractors.

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Agency Responsibilities TA – PMIC Review IEE report and endorsed to ADB for clearance.

Review monitoring reports Contractors Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer before the start of

construction to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions

Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP

Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor.

EMB – DENR Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government

Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation

and over-all environmental performance of the Project Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing

agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed

Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

B. Environmental Mitigation

146. Table 13 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Sub-project. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 13: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Component/Activi

ty

Potential Environmental

Impacts

Mitigation Measures

Institutional Responsibilities Cost Estimates Implementation Monitor

Pre-Construction Phase 1. Confirmation

of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

No negative environmental impacts

Conduct community consultations and meetings with barangay officials, concerned POs, affected persons, indigenous peoples, ensuring that there is equal representation of women.

Conduct information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

SPMU

PPMO

2. Identification and

Subproject siting posing adverse

Subproject site validation with

SPMU

PPMO

35

prioritization of road alignment, conduct topographic survey and Right of Way (ROW) negotiation

impact on the environment and immediate surroundings Lack of information and/or low participation of the community, particularly women, indigenous peoples and marginalized sectors

ROW conflict between and among land owners

following conditions: Ensure that

the validation process as per DENR NCIP-MOA on INREMP implementation is being complied with

Hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women, indigenous peoples and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan

During the subproject conceptualization and initial design stage and even prior to finalization of design, the proponent LGU shall invite representatives from all sectors of the community, including the indigenous peoples and equal representation of women, for the conduct of orientation. The aim is to generate reactions and comments for integration into final subproject design

Involve barangay officials, indigenous peoples and

36

affected households in ROW negotiation

Secure thewaiver ofrights to anyclaim/compensation if there areanyclaimants.

3. Preparationof detailedengineeringdesigns andprograms ofwork for thesubproject

Minimize negative environmental impacts

Work with proponent LGU RI Engineer for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road detailed designs and to ensure the following measures are included:

Identification ofspillmanagementprevention andemergencyresponseplans for allconstructionsites;

No disturbanceor damage tocultural objectsandlandmarks;

No or minimalencroachmentinto agricultureor forestedlands.

Locateaggregateborrow pits and rocksupply areasaway fromhuman settlementswith fencingand accessbarriers;

No or minimaldisruption tovillage watersupplies alongaccess roads,utilities, andelectricity with contingencyplans forunavoidabledisruptions;

For localresidents:includespecific plan tonotify andprovide themschedule tominimizedisruption to

SPMU PPMO

37

normal commercial and residential activities

4. Recruitment of workers

Gender discrimination and tendency to recruit outsiders

Hire local workers as much as possible, and give equal privilege for women and indigenous peoples to get involved in selected tasks appropriate for them.

During recruitment of construction workers, the Contractor shall ensure that qualified community members, to include the indigenous peoples and equal representation of women are given priority in recruitment of workforce; this will be stipulated in the contract documents..

Contractor SPMU

Part of the Contractor’s

contract

Construction Phase Implement construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

Pollution, injury, interrupted usual road use, disrupted access, noise

Procure construction materials from sources with valid environmental clearances, i.e. for sand, gravel and timber from those with valid DENR-MGB/EMB permits.

All borrow pits and quarries should be approved by Municipal Engineering Division.

Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to construction the sites.

Required aggregate volumes must be carefully

Contractor SPMU PPMO DA-INREMP


contract

38

calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage.

Pits andquarries shouldnot be locatednear surfacewaters,forested areas,critical habitatfor wildlife, orcultural objectsand landmarks.

If aggregatequarrying fromfluvialenvironmentsis requiredsmall streamsand rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.

All topsoil andoverburden removedshould bestockpiled forlaterrestoration.

All borrow pitsand quarriesshould have afenceperimeter withsignage to keep public away.

After use pitsand quarriesshould bedewatered andpermanentfencesinstalled with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.

Unstable slopeconditionsin/adjacent tothe quarry orpit caused bythe extractionsshould berectified withtree planting.

Define &schedule howmaterials areextracted fromborrow pits androck quarries,transported,and handled &stored at sites.

Define and

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schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.

All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered.

Clearing and removal of obstructions

Damage or loss of vegetation and landscape

Contact PENRO/CENRO for advice on how to minimize damage to vegetation

Restrict vegetation removal to within RoWs.

Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees.

All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction completed.

Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques.

Secure tree cutting permit from DENR and PCA.

Secure waiver of right to any claim and/ or compensation from claimants.



contract

Implement soil erosion control measures

Land erosion Berms, and plastic sheet fencing should be placed around all excavations and earthwork areas.

Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following



contract

40

backfilling. Protect

exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.

Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.

minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation,

prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and

If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

Civil works: ground surface levelling and concrete paving of existing road

Degradation of terrestrial and aquatic resources and decreased water quality

All construction sites should be located away from forested or plantation areas as much as possible.

All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.

No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.

Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface waters.

Erosion channels must be built around aggregate



contract

41

stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.

Earthworksshould be conductedduring dry periods.

All constructionfluids such asoils, and fuelsshould be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.

No waste ofany kind is tobe thrown insurface waters.

No washing orrepair ofmachinerynear surfacewaters.

Pit latrines tobe located away from surface waters.

Nounnecessaryearthworks inor adjacent towater courses.

No aggregatemining fromrivers or lakes.

Implement noise and dust control

Dust and noise Regularlywater sprayingto exposed soilandconstructionroads.

Cover or keepmoist allstockpiles ofconstructionaggregates,and alltruckloads ofaggregates.

Minimize thetime forexcavationsand exposedsoil are leftopen orexposed.Backfillimmediatelyafter work iscompleted.

As much aspossible,restrict workingtime between07:00 and 17:00, in particular, activities such as pile driving, etc.

Maintain



contract

42

equipment in proper working condition

Replaceunnecessarilynoisy vehiclesand machinery.

Vehicles andmachinery tobe turned offwhen not inuse.

Constructtemporarynoise barriers.

Dust and noise from borrow pits

Air and noise provision ofnoise controlmeasures useof well-maintainedvehicles andequipment,

watering of theearth roadsclose to thesettlements,use coveredtruck,

secureappropriateenvironmentalpermits,

the borrow andmaterialdumping sitesmust beaccesscontrolled tokeep awayunauthorizedentry of people,grazing cattleand any otherstray animals,and

protective gearlike ear plugswill be providedto operatingpersonnel ifthey are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.



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Implement spoil management and control measure

Contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoil, and construction waste

Uncontaminated spoil to bedisposed of ingovernment –designatedsites, whichmust never bein or adjacentsurface waters.Designatedsites must beclearly markedand identified.

Spoil must notbe disposed ofon sloped land,near culturalproperty orvalues,



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ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.

Wherepossible spoilshould be usedat otherconstructionsites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.

A record oftype,estimatedvolume, andsource ofdisposedspoil must berecorded.

Uncontaminated spoil to bedisposed of ingovernment –designatedsites, whichmust never bein or adjacentsurface waters.Designatedsites must beclearly markedand identified.

Spoil must notbe disposed ofon sloped land,near culturalproperty orvalues,ecologicallyimportantareas, oron/near anyother sociallyor ecologicallysensitivefeature.

Wherepossible spoilshould be usedat otherconstructionsites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.

A record oftype, estimatedvolume, andsource ofdisposed spoilmust berecorded.

Contaminatedspoil disposalmust followgovernmentregulationsincludinghandling,

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transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.

Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity.

Implement solid and liquid construction waste management system

Contamination of land and surface waters from construction waste

Management of general solid and liquid waste of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force.

Disposal areas for solid and liquid waste must be determined by the government.

Disposal of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source.

Construction sites should have large garbage bins.

A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.

Solid waste



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should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.

Hazardous Waste Collection,

storage,transport, anddisposal ofhazardouswaste such asused oils,gasoline, paint,and other toxics must follow government regulations.

Wastes shouldbe separated(e.g.,hydrocarbons,batteries,paints, organicsolvents)

Wastes mustbe storedabove groundin closed, welllabeled,ventilatedplastic bins ingood condition,away fromconstructionactivity areas,all surfacewater, watersupplies, andcultural andecologicalsensitivereceptors.

All spills mustbe cleaned upcompletely withallcontaminatedsoil removedand handledwith bycontaminatedspoil sub-plan.

Water quality Water and soil set up properand adequatesanitaryfacilities,

ensure strictobservance ofproper wastehandling anddisposal andpropersanitation including bythe contractorsand itsworkers,

providewastewatertreatmentfacility (e.g.,



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septic tank), and

trucks andother vehiclemaintenanceshould bestrictlycontrolled toprevent thedischarge ofwaste into theriver system.Wastewaterfrom theconstructionworkscontaining highconcentration of suspendedsolids shouldbe treatedthroughsedimentation tanks.

Implement construction drainage system

Loss of drainage and rain water natural channels

Provideadequateshort-termdrainage awayfromconstructionsites to preventponding andflooding.

Preventborrow pits andquarries to befilled withwater. Pumpperiodically toinfiltration areas ornearby watercourses.

Installtemporarystorm drains orditches forconstructionsites

Ensureconnectionsamong surfacewaters (ponds,streams) aremaintained orenhanced tosustain existingstorm waterstoragecapacity.

Protectsurface watersfrom silt anderoded soil.



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Workers health, safety and hygiene

Land and people proper fencing,protectivebarriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites,

sufficientsignage and



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information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed,

worker andpublic safetyguidelinesshould befollowed,

provideadequatesanitation andwaste disposalat constructionsites,

the contractorwill not hirechildren andpregnantwomen,

standing watersuitable fordisease vectorbreedingshould be filledin,

workereducation andawarenessseminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,

appropriatesafety clothing,footwear,gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,

adequatemedicalservices mustbe on site ornearby allconstructionsite,

drinking watermust beprovided at allconstructionsites,

sufficientlighting beused duringnecessarynight work, and

all construction

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sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

Traffic safety and management

Land and people All construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.



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Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

Land poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions.

providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna.

all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.



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Damage to properties

Land The contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and



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other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

Concrete washout Soil and water contamination

The Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.



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Use of Hazardous Substances

People, land and water

Vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as



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fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

Public safety People installation ofsturdy fencingaroundexcavation areas andconstructionsites,

provision ofproper signageand lighting atnight at theperiphery oftheconstructionsite to warnand direct traffic and pedestrians,

deployment ofsecuritypersonnel inhazardousareas to restrictpublic access,

imposition ofspeed limits forconstructionvehicles alongresidentialareas andwhere thereare othersensitivereceptors, and

orientation ofdrivers on safedrivingpractices tominimizeaccidents andto prevent spillof hazardoussubstancesand otherconstructionmaterialsduringtransport.



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C. Environmental Monitoring

147. Table 14 presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the PMU and WMPCO with the supervision of DA-INREMP and TA-PMIC. The contractors shall also conduct ambient measurements (dust and noise) before and during implementation of civil works. The WMPCO shall be assisted by DA-INREMP and TA-PMIC in preparing semi- annual environmental monitoring reports which will also include results of ambient sampling undertaken by the contractors. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

Operation of upgraded access road

Increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise. Obstruction of runoff along drainage canals causing runoff overflow leading to erosion of the road Exploitation of natural resources in the area Unplanned urbanization Increased delivery of agricultural products Tourism

Set speed limit when passing through populated area

Provide appropriate warning signs and lighting

Regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging

Regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow

Ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies.

Adherence to land use and zoning regulations

Promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

LGU of Sabangan

WMPCO PPMO DENR DA-INREMP

Part of the proponent obligation

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148. The ESS during project implementation will be required to organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS, WMPCO and DA-INREMP shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Subproject Name: Location: Reporting Period: Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance Attained

(Yes, No, or Partial) Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non-Compliance

1

2

3

Recommendation/s: Signature:

Date:

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Table 14: Environmental Monitoring Plan of the Subprojects

Activities Environmental

Impact

Location Means of

Monitoring

Frequency of

Monitoring

Responsible

Unit

Monitoring

Cost

Pre-Construction Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

People: Possible displacement of inhabitants and properties from the original location

Subproject site

Field work, literature survey, community consultations

Once SPMU, WMPCO, PPMO, RPCO, NPCO, TA-PMIC, DA

INREMP Project Cost

Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling and concreting will be done

People: participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors

Subproject site

Field work and survey, community consultations

Once, or subject to validations

SPMU, WMPCO, PPMO, RPCO, NPCO, TA-PMIC, DA

INREMP Project Cost

Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

Land: Possible displacement of inhabitants and properties

People: completion of the upgraded road detailed design

Host LGU - MPDO

Approved detailed engineering designs and programs of work

Once SPMU, WMPCO, PPMO, RPCO, NPCO, TA-PMIC, DA

INREMP Project Cost

Recruitment of workers

People: Generation of local employment

Within host barangay/s

Ratio of hired workers (local residents vs migrant workers)

Quarterly/Semi-annual

SPMU, WMPCO, PPMO, RPCO, NPCO, TA-PMIC, DA

INREMP Project Cost

Construction Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

Land: damage landscape

People and Air: dust and noise generation

Vicinity of the subproject site

Visual observations to assess impacts on air quality. Interviews with communities (noise, project-related complaints)


PPMO, RPCO, NPCO, DA

INREMP Project Cost

Clearing and removal of obstructions

Land and water: damage landscape

People: dust and noise generation

Right of Way Visual observations to assess impacts

Interviews with communities



INREMP Project Cost

Soil erosion Land and Water: Surface erosion, landslide, and downstream river sedimentation

Sloping sides of the subproject site

Nearby stream/creek

Visual observations to assess impacts

Interviews with communities and the contractor



INREMP Project Cost

Ground surface leveling and re-gravelling and concreting of the existing road

Land and water: Degradation of terrestrial and aquatic resources, and decreased water quality


Carriageway Shoulder Riprap stations





INREMP Project Cost

Civil works Land and water: damage/ contamination

Air and People: dust and noise generation,

Carriageway Shoulder Slope protection stations





INREMP Project Cost

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Activities Environmental Impact

Location Means of Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

Responsible Unit

Monitoring Cost

traffic and access problem

Implementation of noise and dust control measure

People: air, dust and noise generation


Visual observations to assess impacts Interviews with communities and the contractor



INREMP Project Cost

Dust and noise from borrow pits






INREMP Project Cost

Implementation of spoil management and control measure

Land and Water: Contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoil, and construction waste

Worker’s Camp, Field Office, Stockyard




INREMP Project Cost

Solid and liquid construction waste management system

Land and Water: Contamination of land and surface waters from construction waste Air: Generation of foul/dainty odor

Worker’s Camp, Field Office, Stockyard




INREMP Project Cost

Water quality Water: Degradation of soil and water

Worker’s Camp, Field Office, Nearby streams/ creeks

Visual observations to assess impacts on surface water quality (evidence of siltation from construction activities)



INREMP Project Cost

Construction drainage system

Water: Loss of drainage and rain water natural channels

Riprap stations Subproject site




INREMP Project Cost

Workers health, safety and hygiene

People: Sanitation and workers safety Water: water sanitation

Worker’s Camp, Field Office, Subproject site




INREMP Project Cost

Traffic safety and management

People: traffic congestion

Vicinity of the project area

Traffic volume (all kinds of vehicles); project and traffic related accidents



INREMP Project Cost

Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

Land: vegetation loss, damage to landscape

Vicinity of the project area

Visual observations to assess impacts Interviews with communities



INREMP Project Cost

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Activities Environmental Impact

Location Means of Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

Responsible Unit

Monitoring Cost

and the contractor

Damage to properties

Land: landscape disruption

Within ROW of the subproject





INREMP Project Cost

Concrete washout Water: Degradation of water quality.

Nearby streams/ creeks





INREMP Project Cost

Use of hazardous substances

Land and Water: Degradation of water and air quality.

People: vulnerability to hazardous substances

Worker’s Camp, Field Office,

Subproject site

Nearby streams/ creeks





INREMP Project Cost

Public safety People: safety during construction

Worker’s Camp, Field Office,

Subproject site

Within the host barangay





INREMP Project Cost

Operation and Maintenance of Upgraded Road Traffic accidents People: road

accidents Upgraded road

Regular record keeping

Continuously SPMU, PPMO

INREMP Project Cost, LGU

Incidence of flooding

Land and Water: road damage and flooding

Adjacent to upgraded road

Surveys, public complaints

Seasonal for 5 years

SPMU, PPMO

LGU/ BMET

Exploitation of natural resources in the area

Land: landscape damage or improvement

Vicinity of the project site


Interviews with communities

Seasonal for 5 years

SPMU, PPMO

LGU/ BMET

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion

149. The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the subproject, coveringabout 6-kilometer road and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals thatno major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activitiesand normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. Implementation of appropriatemitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negativeimpacts of the project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures areimplemented, and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil worksbid and contract specifications of the project.

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150. Rural infrastructures like roads and water supply projects, arguably are vital structuresneeded to spur economic development in Sagada, Mountain Province, with full potentials andopportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources.

151. The Improvement of Ato – Engan – Lamagan –Atowanan - Mobo Farm to Market Roadof the people by providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access, improving the promptdelivery of basic services and increasing economic opportunities, thus supporting thedeveloping economy of the barangay and eventually the entire municipality.

152. Hence, the Project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negativeimpacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through the implementationof the EMP.

B. Recommendation

153. The end goal of the proposed Improvement of the Ato – Engan – Lamagan –Atowanan- Mobo Farm to Market Road is to uplift the economic condition of the community through theprovision of all-year-rounds of access. It aims to increase productivity and profit, decrease farmexpenses on hauling works, hasten delivery of agricultural products to market outlets, enabletimely transport of farm inputs to production areas, reduce vehicle operating cost andmaintenance cost after project implementation and maximize agricultural potential of theproduction area after road improvement.

154. The proposed Improvement of the Ato – Engan – Lamagan –Atowanan – Mobo Farmto Market Road together with its variation order will boost the economic activities of theinfluence area. With the subproject, socio-economic services will be easier not only for thepublic sector but also to private and semi-private providers. Considering the many benefits thissubproject provides, implementing the subproject is recommended.

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APPENDICES

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Appendix 1: A Copy of the ECC of the Proposed Subproject

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Appendix 2: Photographs of the Road for Rehabilitation

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Appendix 3: Detailed Cost Estimate (Variation Order)

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Appendix 4: Straight Line Diagram (Variation Order)

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Appendix 5: Program of Works (Variation Order)

68

Appendix 6: Details of the Variation Order

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Appendix 7: Land Classification Certification from the DENR

72

Appendix 8: Post Activity Report – Validation of Proposed Subproject

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Appendix 9: Public Consultation Documentation

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Pictures of the Public Consultation

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Appendix 10: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject

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Appendix 11: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Subproject and Approves an Equity

Counterpart, Authorizing the LCE

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Appendix 12: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit

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Appendix 13: Grievance Intake Form

Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project Rehabilitation of Tambingan FMR welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you. Top of Form

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male□ Female

Home Address Age Phone No.

City/Province Email Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer): Date received:

Received through: __ In person __ mail __ email __ fax __ phone __ sms

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint Position of staff:

Type of Grievance: □□

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Remarks

Signature of staff

Updates on the case: Date: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and

Designation)

initial environmental examination...sagada for a variation order of the sub project to complete the...

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