initial environmental examination - asian development … · sanitation sector project- rampur town...
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Initial Environmental Examination
May 2013
NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and
Sanitation Sector Project- Rampur Town Project
Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 June 2013)
Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR)
NPR1.00 = $0.01051 $1.00 = NPR95.1465
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Volume Added Tax WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation comittee
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.
(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Urban Development
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
Second Small Towns Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Project
Project Management Office Panipokhari, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu
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RRaammppuurr TToowwnn WWaatteerr SSuuppppllyy aanndd SSaanniittaattiioonn PPrroojjeecctt,, PPaallppaa
((BBaattcchh IIII,, PPaacckkaaggee IIII))
May 2013
rReport on
IInniittiiaall EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall EExxaammiinnaattiioonn ((IIEEEE))
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Executive Summary
Proponent
This IEE Report has been prepared for the construction of water supply and sanitation scheme in Rampur
Town. Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) of Government of Nepal,
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is the
executing agency and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for Rampur
Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Palpa District.
Background
In January 2000 the Government endorsed the 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns Water Supply
and Sanitation in order to improve health and economic and environmental living conditions of people in
small towns in Nepal. The project embraces the community managed demand responsive approach,
where the community is involved in all aspects of planning and implementation of the town projects.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing financial assistance to this sector project.
Project Description
The proposed Rampur Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project lies in Rampur VDC (and few portion
of Darcha VDC), Palpa district of Lumbini zone and Western Development region of Nepal. The
proposal is to provide water supply facility to all settlements of wards 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and Bagar,
Garchaunji of ward 9 of Rampur VDC and all settlements of wards 7 and 8 of Darcha VDC.
The Project contains two components viz. water supply and sanitation. The water supply component uses
ground water extraction. Sanitation component includes storm water drainage, public toilets and solid
waste management.
Relevancy of the Proposal
IEE preparation and approval is a legal requirement before its implementation as per the provision of
Rule 3, Schedule 1, Ai (Drinking Water Sector) of the Environmental Protection Rules, (EPR, 1997 with
amendments). Thus the IEE study of the Proposal is mandatory as per this provision.
Methodology
The findings and conclusions of the report are based on the analysis of the information collected from the
field by undertaking a walk-through survey along the proposed area and secondary information collected
by the social and technical teams working in the detailed survey. Public consultation was done during the
field visit with the local people living around the project area, members of WUSC, teachers and local
leaders.
Existing environmental condition
The project area is located within 27o50
’06
’ N, 83
o55
’09
”E and 27
o52
’55
”N, 83
o51
’56
”E with average
elevation of 325 m to 550 m and lies in Lesser Himalaya Zone.
The Project area lies in Sub-Tropical Climatic Zone and the temperature rises above 40oC in summer.
Average annual precipitation of the project area is 1520.7 mm (District Profile 2013). All the catchment
water drains to Kaligandaki River which flows from west to east towards the northern side of the Project
area.
Major tree species in the forest are Sal (Shorea robusta), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Sisoo (Dalbergia
sisoo), Katus (Castonopsis indica) etc. Jackal (Canis aurous), Wild Cat (Felis chaus), Kalij (Lophura
leucomelana), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Monkey (Macaca mulatta), Crow (Corvus splenscns),
Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Hare (Caprolaus hispidus) etc. are the animal and bird species found in the
forest.
iv
There are 2793 households in the project area (Survey year 2012). The total population is 15,185
including rental population of 3%. The average family size is 5.27.
The majority of the beneficiaries are Janajatis (44%) and Bramin/Chhetri (42%). Population of Dalits and
Others (Muslim and Madhesi) consists of 11% and 3%.respectively.
The main occupation of the people residing in the zone of influence (ZoI) is agriculture. People are also
involved in different services (13%). Substantially high percentage (10%) of population is dependent on
remittance earned through foreign employment. Dependency on business and trade within the project
area is around 10%.
Beneficial Impacts
Implementation of the Project will provide drinking water facility in Rampur VDC (including few
portion of Darcha VDC). This will lead to improved health and sanitation condition of the project area.
Adverse Impacts
No significant adverse environmental impacts are envisaged by the implementation and operation of the
Project. Some minimal negative impacts are local in nature and low in magnitude. There are very few
possibilities of adverse impacts on biological and socio economic environment of the Project area. In
total 40 trees need to be fallen down. All together, 23,632,409.6 m3 of spoil will be generated during
construction. There may be some impact due to air, water and noise pollution, soil erosion, and
disturbances to community during construction. During operation phase, there may be impact due to
contaminated water in the distribution system and toxic chemical hazards.
Mitigation Measures
Though small in magnitude, there are some possibilities of producing adverse environmental impacts,
which must be mitigated as possible. Use of labor intensive construction techniques, preservation of
vegetation, safeguarding of trees, allowing frequent movement of vehicles and pedestrian along the
existing roads within construction period etc. are some of the measures prescribed. Occupational health
and safety, insurance of workers, provision of clean drinking water and toilets in work camp and sites,
arrangement of first aid box with training to use them will be provided in the work site.
Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring
An action plan with clear roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, time schedule and cost has been
prepared. The Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC), Water Users Committee (WUC), Project
Implementation Unit (PIU), Contractors, Rampur and Darcha VDCs office are some of the major
stakeholders responsible for implementation of the action plan.
A well defined mechanism for the monitoring of Environment Management Action Plan and the
indicators for the Monitoring of the work have been formulated.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The IEE study of the proposed water supply Project reveals that the benefits from the implementation of
the proposed Project are more significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of
which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient. This Project is recommended for
implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental management plan and
monitoring plan.
v
Table of Contents
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z.................................................................................................................................................... i
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... v
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. vii
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ vii
Annexes ..................................................................................................................................................... vii
List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ viii
CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report .............................................. 1
1.1.1 Name of the Proposal .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 Name and Address of the Proponent ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Basis and Extent of the IEE Study ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 ADB Policy ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines ..................................... 2
1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of Environmental Study ........................................................................... 6
1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project ............................................................................................................. 6
1.2.5 Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................................ 8
Chapter II ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Description of the Project .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Existing Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Infrastructure ...................................................... 10
2.1.1 Water Supply Facility ............................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Sanitation Facility ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.3 Drainage Facility ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.4 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Type, Category and Need of the Project .......................................................................................... 11
2.3 Size or Magnitude of Operation ....................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Proposed Schedule for Implementation ........................................................................................... 11
2.5 Description of Project ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.5.1 Water Source ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.5.2 Water Treatment Facilities ........................................................................................................ 12
2.5.3 Service Reservoirs..................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.4 Pipe Line ................................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.5 Other System Appurtenance ..................................................................................................... 14
Chapter III .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Description of the Environment ................................................................................................................. 17
3.1 Physical Resources ........................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.2 Geology and Soils, Seismology ................................................................................................ 17
vi
3.1.3 Hydrology and Climate ............................................................................................................. 17
3.1.4 Water Resources ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Ecological Resources ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas .......................................................................................... 17
3.2.2 Forests ....................................................................................................................................... 17
3.3 Social and Cultural Resources ......................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1 Population and Communities .................................................................................................... 18
3.3.2 Health Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 18
3.3.3 Educational Facilities ................................................................................................................ 18
3.3.4 Socio-economic conditions ....................................................................................................... 18
3.3.5 Physical or Cultural Heritage .................................................................................................... 19
3.3.6 Employment .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.3.7 Slums and Squatter Settlements ................................................................................................ 19
3.4 Economic Development and Prospects for Growth ......................................................................... 19
3.4.1 Land Use ................................................................................................................................... 19
3.4 2 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................. 19
3.4.3 Economic Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 20
3.4.4 Development Organizations ...................................................................................................... 20
3.4.5 Major Environmental Problems ................................................................................................ 20
3.4.6 Health and Sanitation ................................................................................................................ 21
CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................................................ 22
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......................... 22
4.1 Beneficial Impacts ........................................................................................................................... 22
4.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 22
4.1.2 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 22
4.2 Adverse Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 23
4.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase ............................................................................................................. 23
4.2.2 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.3 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 28
CHAPTER V ............................................................................................................................................. 34
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS ........................ 34
5.1 Alternative in Project Location ........................................................................................................ 34
5.2 Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials .................................... 34
5.3 No Project Option ............................................................................................................................ 34
CHAPTER VI ............................................................................................................................................ 35
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION .................................... 35
6.1 Public Consultation .......................................................................................................................... 35
6.2 Information Disclosure .................................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER VII ........................................................................................................................................... 36
GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................................................................................................. 36
CHAPTER VIII ......................................................................................................................................... 37
vii
MATTERS TO BE MONITORED DURING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ...................... 37
8.1 Mitigation and Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 37
8.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 37
8.1.2 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 37
8.2 Environmental Procedures and Institutions ..................................................................................... 44
8.3 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ............................................................................ 45
8.4 Reporting Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 45
8.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates ............................................................................................. 46
8.6 Work Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 46
CHAPTER IX ............................................................................................................................................ 48
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 48
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 49
List of Tables
Table 1: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as per Annex 1
and Schedule G and Annex 3 Schedule H of Environment Protection Regulation 1997 Amendment 2007
Compared with the Situation of the Project ................................................................................................. 7
Table 2: Infrastructures needed for the Project .......................................................................................... 14
Table 3: Salient Features of Rampur Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project .................................... 15
Table 4: Governmental Offices in the service area .................................................................................... 20
Table 5: Banks in service area ................................................................................................................... 20
Table 6: Evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impacts ...................................................................... 28
Table 7: Mitigation measures, responsible agencies and cost required ..................................................... 31
Table 8: Summary of Public Consultation ................................................................................................. 35
Table 9: Monitoring Plan and Cost during construction Phase .................................................................. 38
Table 10: Monitoring Plan and Cost during Operation Phase ................................................................... 42
Table 11: Annual Environmental Cost....................................................................................................... 46
Table 12: Project implementation schedule ............................................................................................... 47
List of Figures
Figure 1 : Flow diagram for Treatment Plant for Scheme I ....................................................................... 12
Figure 2 : Flow diagram for Treatment Plant for Scheme II ...................................................................... 13
Figure 3: Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................................................. 36
Figure 4: Organization of EMP .................................................................................................................. 45
Annexes
Annex I: Approved TOR
Annex II: REA Checklist
Annex III: Location Map
Annex IV: Public Notice
Annex V: Deed of Inquiry
Annex VI: Minutes of Public Consultation
Annex VII: Recommendation Letter
Annex VIII: Survey Questionnaire
Annex IX: Water Quality Test Reports
viii
List of Abbreviations
ADB : Asian Development Bank
amsl : Above Mean Sea Level
CMA : Community Medical Auxiliary
DI : Ductile Iron
Dia. : Diameter
DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant
DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
EPA : Environment Protection Act
EPR : Environment Protection Rule
GI : Galvanized Iron
GoN : Government of Nepal
HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe
HHs : Households
IEE : Initial Environmental Examination
lpcd : Liter per capita per day
lps : Liter per second
MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development
NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard
NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority
NGO : Non-government Office
Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OD : Outer diameter
PMC : Project Management Consultant
PMO : Project Management Office
SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
TDF : Town Development Fund
VAT : Value Added Tax
VDC : Village Development Committee
WHO : World Health Organization
WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office
WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report
1.1.1 Name of the Proposal
1. The Name of the Proposal is Rampur Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
1.1.2 Name and Address of the Proponent
2. The Project proponent, Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) of
Government of Nepal, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), Ministry of Urban
Development (MoUD), is responsible for the preparation of IEE report.
Name of Proponent:
Project Management Office
Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
Ministry of Urban Development
Government of Nepal
Address of the Proponent:
Panipokari, Kathmandu
Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348
Fax: 977 1 4413280
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np
1.2 Basis and Extent of the IEE Study
3. In January 2000 the Government endorsed the 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns Water
Supply and Sanitation in order to improve health and economic and environmental living conditions
of people in small towns in Nepal. The Project embraces the community managed demand responsive
approach, where the community is involved in all aspects of planning and implementation of the town
projects. Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing financial assistance to this sector
project.
4. The first phase of the Project, whose duration was 2001 – 2008, has already been completed and the
people of 29 small towns have been benefitted by the Project. Upon the completion of the first phase
and after finding positive impacts of the Project, Government of Nepal decided to implement the
second phase, with the name, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
(SSTWSSSP). For the implementation, formulation, and operation and maintenance of the Project,
SSTWSSSP aims to have full participation of the users of the respective towns. The cost will also be
shared equally by the users and GON.
5. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency of the Project
whereas Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is the executing agency. The Project has many
stakeholders such as WUSC, Project Management Office (PMO) of DWSS, District Division Office,
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Town Development Fund (TDF), Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC), and local NGO
responsible for social mobilization, health and hygiene programme and preparation of social profiles.
6. Both the Nepali law and ADB policy require that the environmental implications of individual
developments are taken into account in the planning and decision making processes and that action is
taken to reduce the impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through environmental assessment
process, which has become an integral part of lending operations and Project development and
implementation.
1.2.1 ADB Policy
7. ADB’s Environment Policy requires environmental considerations to be incorporated into ADB operations. Environmental assessment is the primary administrative tool to integrate environmental
considerations into decision-making of all types of development initiatives such as formulating
policies, programs, and development plans or projects to ensure that proposed development will have
minimal environmental impacts and be environmentally sound.
8. The nature of the assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its
environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale,
nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation
measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to either
category A, B or C.
9. According to preliminary environmental screening and REA, the project is found to fall under
category B (Category B projects are those, which are judged to have some adverse environmental
impacts but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects). For these types of
projects IEE is required.
ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS)” 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)
10. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed
early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential
adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted
during project preparation and implementation
1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines
Law
Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)
11. The interim constitution of Nepal realized environmental protection as the policy of the state.
Clause (4) of Article (35) of the constitution states that ‘The State shall, while mobilizing the natural resources and heritage of the country that might be useful and beneficial to the interest of the nation,
pursue a policy of giving priority to the local community’. Clause (5) states that ‘The State shall make necessary arrangements to maintain the natural environment. The State shall give priority to special
protection of the environment, and rare wildlife, and prevent further damage due to physical
development activities, by increasing awareness of the general public about environmental
cleanliness. Provision shall be made for the protection of the forest, vegetation and biodiversity, their
sustainable use and for equitable distribution of the benefits derived from them’.
3
Plan/Policies
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Policy, Strategy and Action Plan 2060 B.S. (2004
A.D.)
12. This provides guidance on water supply and sanitation service provision in rural areas using
community led participatory approaches. While partially relevant in the urban context,
particularly around the integration of inputs and local capacity building, it generally fails to
address the complex operational challenges to be faced by Municipal authorities in implementing
and managing urban services.
Second Three Year Interim Plan 2068-71 B.S.
13. The interim plan provides the most recent guidance on urban sector priorities highlighting, in
particular, the need to address the effects of rapid urbanization on service levels, water quality and
scheme maintenance. It proposes the full integration of sewerage, on-site sanitation and solid waste
management in all urban schemes and specially endorses cost recovery from consumers. Local
authorities are responsible for overseeing project implementation but with private sector organizations
playing increasing roles.
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)
14. This policy was recently formulated to provide an overall policy support and guidance towards
achieving equity in service delivery by ensuring that the financially marginalized households within
the system areas are mainstreamed as valid customers of service through design and implementation
of financial incentives where so required.
Acts and Regulations
Land Acquisition Act 2034 B.S. (1977 A.D.) and Rules 2026 (1969)
15. Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977) with amendment in 2049 (1993) guides the compulsory
acquisition of land in the country. The Land Acquisition Act and the Land Acquisition Rules are the
two main legal instruments that specify procedural matters of land acquisition and compensation.
Government can acquire land at any place in any quantity by giving compensation pursuant to the Act
for the land acquired for any public purposes or for operation of any development project initiated by
government institutions (Section 3 and 4). The powers given under these sections are very broad as
government is empowered to acquire any land in the name of public works. The Interim Constitution
of Nepal, 2007 in its Article 19 (2) directs the state to provide compensation for any property
requisitioned, acquired or encumbered by the State in implementing scientific land reform program or
in public interest in accordance with law.
Solid Waste Management Act 2011 (2068 BS)
16. The Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre has prepared a 'Solid Waste
Management Act' for managing increasing garbage in the city. The Act is related for sustainable
management of garbage and to minimize the negative impacts of garbage on environment and public
health. According to the act, the local agency will manage garbage under the public and private
partnership concept. The Act has provisions for segregation of garbage according to its nature and for
managing hazardous, industrial, medical and domestic wastes accordingly. Provisions of complete
responsibility to local bodies and strict punishment have also been proposed in the act for effective
monitoring system.
4
Water Resources Act 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.) and Regulation, 2050 B.S. (1993A.D.)
17. Water Resource Act is an umbrella act governing water resource management. It declares the
order of priority of water use; vests ownership of water in the state; prohibits water pollution; and
provides for the formation of Water User Association and system of licensing. The Regulation sets
out the procedure to register a WUA and to obtain a license and sets out the rights and obligations of
WUA and license holders.
Water Tax Act 2023 (1966)
18. Under the Act, the water user who use water through a tap distributed by the government is
obliged to pay water tax as fixed by prevalent laws and charges are levied if the tax is not paid
within the time as fixed by the law.
Labor Act 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)
19. The Labor Act, 1992, which is executed by Ministry of Labor, is the main regulation regulating
the working environment. Chapter 5 of this Act deals with occupational health and safety. Section 27
of Chapter 5 requires the management to make certain arrangements such as the removal of waste
accumulated during production process and prevention of accumulation of dust, fume, vapor, and
other impure materials, which would adversely affect health of workers. Sections 28 and 29 require
management to provide protective clothing and devices to workers handling chemical substances and
other hazardous and explosive substances. In order to prevent accidents, section 30 of the Act requires
the proprietor to make arrangements for fire safety equipment and emergency equipment while
section 31 requires the placement of sturdy fences around hazardous machines and equipment
operated by energy.
Forest Act 2049 (1992 A.D.) and Regulations 2050 (1993 A.D.)
20. The Forest Act, 1992 (with amendments) and its Rules 1993 contains several provisions to ensure
the development, conservation, management and sustainable use of forest resources. The Act
categories the forest into five categories viz.; state managed forest, community forest, leasehold
forest, private forest and religious forest.
21. The Act in general, prohibits the use of forest areas for development projects, but its Article 68
empowers GoN to issue permission to use the required portion of forest for development with the
assurance that it does not significantly affect the environment. Based on Forest Legislation, GoN has
legally protected thirteen plant species. The Regulation further elaborates legal measures for the
conservation of forests and wild animals.
Environmental Protection Act 2053 B.S. (1997 A.D.) Regulations 2054 (1997 A.D.) with
Amendment
22. The act requirement prescribed developmental projects to carry out Initial Environmental
Examination and such projects cannot be implemented without approval from the Ministry of Urban
Development. The proponent is required to submit Proposal with the report and the Ministry has to
grant approval of the proposal after opinions and suggestions by the general-public and by an expert
committee formed by the Ministry. The act also has the provision such that nobody can create
pollution beyond prescribed limits or standards; or nobody can cause significant adverse impacts to
the environment to safeguard to public life and health. The EPR elaborates provisions to prepare and
submit the Terms of Reference (TOR) and IEE report for approval and includes public consultation
processes. As per the EPR, the Environmental Assessment report, in general, should include detailed
information on impacts and environmental protection measures, including implementation plan,
monitoring and evaluation. Public consultation is a pre-requisite in all the prescribed projects. The
5
provisions of the act and regulations are directly related to the project and hence these provisions have
been considered in the design and proposed implementation.
Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.) and Regulations 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.)
23. The Local Self-Governance Act, 1999 empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil,
forest, and other natural resources and implementation of environmental conservation activities. The
Village Development Committees (VDCs), Municipalities and District Development Committees
(DDCs) are mandated to take up the responsibilities of formulation and implementation of programme
relating to protection of environment and bio-diversity, and to give adequate priority for the protection
of environment during the formulation of local level plans and programme. The Regulation has
provisions for VDCs, District Development Committee DDCs and municipalities to coordinate and
implement development projects/programs and to provide approval or clearance of the proposed
project.
Drinking Water Regulations 2055 B.S. (1998 A.D.)
24. This regulation regulates the use of drinking water and deals with the control of water pollution
and maintenance of quality standards for drinking water. It also sets out the conditions of service
utilization by consumers.
Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act 2056 B.S. (2001 A.D.)
25. Section 3 of the act prohibits a child from engaging in work, sub clause 1 of the clause 3 states
“Nobody shall engage in work a child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub
clause 2 states “Nobody shall engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth in the Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to be engaged in work against his will by temptation or fear
or pressure or by any other means”.
Town Development Act 2045 (1988 A.D.)
26. The Act has provisions about the formation of town development committee in any town area to
implement town planning and in carrying out the developmental and reconstruction work of that town.
27. Clauses 9 of town development act empowers the town development committee to regulate,
control or prohibit any act which has an adverse effect on public health or the aesthetics of the town,
or in any way pollutes the environment. It contains penalty provision in the form of fines for the
violation of the Act.
Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act 1989 (and amendments) & Water Supply Management
Board Act, 2006 & Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission Act 2006
28. These acts facilitate the improved management of water and sanitation services. They establish
the legal basis for private sector management of schemes and independent fee setting and regulation
applicable to all urban schemes.
Standards and Guidelines
National EIA Guidelines 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.)
29. GON has developed and adopted National EIA guidelines in 1993, under which projects and
programs are categorized as either requiring Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This also includes scoping, preparation of ToR for
IEE/EIA, Methods of IEE/EIA report, Impact identification, prediction, impact mitigation measures,
review of draft EIA report, impact monitoring, evaluation of impact studies, impact auditing,
community participation and schedules & annexes to IEE and EIA. Environmental Protection Act,
6
1997 and the Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997, were brought into force aiming at
mainstreaming of the integration of environmental aspects in development projects and programs.
National Drinking Water Quality Standards 2062 B.S (2005 A.D.)
30. These standards provide details of the water quality standards to be applied to all water supply
schemes. These set out the water quality parameters, which the water suppliers should adhere to. The
directives also ensures that the water sampling, testing and analysis procedures used to certify that the
drinking water supplied or to be supplied conforms to the NDWQS and also sets the monitoring and
surveillance procedures to certify that the quality of supplied water conforms to the standards.
Water Resources Strategy, 2055 B.S. (2002 A.D.)
31. In order to make water resource development comprehensive, systematized and accelerate the
process of development, Government of Nepal issued Water Resource Strategy in 2002. With the goal
of meeting its water supply needs and achieving long-term sustainability, the Water Resources
Strategy aims to meet this need by providing a systematic framework for water resources
development and identifying action plans to avoid and resolve conflicts, and achieve Nepal’s water-related development objectives.
1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of Environmental Study
32. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological,
socioeconomic and cultural environment of the project area and to propose mitigation measures to
avoid, mitigate, reduce and minimize such impacts. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study
are:
To identify, predict and evaluate the potential beneficial and adverse impacts of the project on
the physical, biological and socio-economic resources in the project area
To suggest enhancement measures to augment the benefits of the project and to propose
suitable mitigation measures to avoid, minimize and compensate the adverse impacts of the
project
To prepare appropriate Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP)
To inform public about the proposed project and its impact on their livelihood
To prepare an IEE as per the EPR, 1997
1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project
33. The Proposed Water Supply and Sanitation Project is intended to serve all households of wards 1,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and partial portion of ward 9 of Rampur VDC and all households of wards 7 and 9 of
Darcha VDC. It is expected that on implementation of the project the users of the area will be able to
avail adequate amount of safe drinking water and need not resort to the use of unsafe water. The
project needs to go through the IEE process as stipulated in EPR 1997 (Amendments 1999 and 2007).
The proposed project shall rely on ground water source. The Project does not involve construction of
any tunnels; relocation of people or households, there is no need to settle any households above the
gravity source, and construction of river training works is also not required. The project is expected to
benefit a design population of about 28,916.
34. As the proposed project falls within the definitions provided in the EPR 1997 (Amendments 1999
and 2007) Annex 1(G) for drinking water projects; only an IEE shall be necessary. The regulation
stated in Annex 1 (H) shall only be applicable, if the proposal does not fall under categories (A)
through (H) of Annex 3. Table 2.1 compares the status of the project against the thresholds defined by
EPA 1997 and EPR 1997 (and its amendments 2007) for which a drinking water would require IEE or
EIA.
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Table 1: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as
per Annex 1 and Schedule G and Annex 3 Schedule H of Environment Protection Regulation
1997 Amendment 2007 Compared with the Situation of the Project
S.N. Condition described in the
Act and Regulations
IEE Required
as per the
Regulation
Annex 1 G
EIA Required
as per the
Regulation
Annex 3 H
Conditions in the
Project
1 River Control (Training) Up to 1
Kilometer
Over 1
Kilometer
NA
2 Channeling water from one
watershed to another
Applicable Applicable NA
3 Rain water collection and use
of spewing wetland
Up to 200
hectares
More than 200
hectares
NA
4 Supply of water in dry season
from surface water with a safe
yield of
Up to 1 cusec
and utilizing up
to 50% of the
available
quantity
More than 1
cusec and
utilizing the
total available
quantity
NA
5 Ground water Recharge Up to 50% of
total aquifer
More than 50%
of aquifer
NA
6 Water Treatment Up to 25 liter per
sec
More than 25
liter per sec
Within the Limit
7 Construction of tunnel for
Channeling drinking water
Tunnel
constructed
NA
8 Water Resource Development
which displaces people
permanent residents
25 to 100 people Over 100 people NA
9 Settlement of people upstream
of water source
Settlement of up
to 500 people
Settlement of
above 500
people
NA
10 Supply of water to a
population of
5,000 to 50,000 Over 50,000 The water supply
system is designed for
distribution of water
to a total of
population 28,916
11 Connection of New Source to
supply water to existing water
supply system for a population
of
More than
100,000
The current
population of the
project is 14,719 and
the design population
is 28,916
12 Operation of a drinking water
supply system with inclusion
of sewage disposal system
with sewage treatment system
Included Sewerage system
with sludge drying
bed is proposed to
install within the
VDC itself.
13 Extraction of ground water
from sources which are located
at point and non-point sources
Applicable No non point and
point sources of
pollution is present in
8
S.N. Condition described in the
Act and Regulations
IEE Required
as per the
Regulation
Annex 1 G
EIA Required
as per the
Regulation
Annex 3 H
Conditions in the
Project
of biological and chemical
pollution and/or their
influenced areas
the vicinity of the
water source
14 Operation of water supply
project included in a
multipurpose project utilizing
a source of 25 liter per sec
water. (Construction of
Multiple Purpose Reservoir
Required)
Applicable This is not a
multipurpose project
and is solely for water
supply.
Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.
1.2.5 Approach and Methodology
35. The present Initial Environmental Examination report has been prepared based on the Terms of
Reference (TOR) approved by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of Nepal. The study
has followed the provisions outlined in the Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental
Protection Regulation, 1997 and SPS, 2009 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Data collection
was initiated in January/February 2013. The major activities undertaken during the preparation of IEE
are outlined below.
Desk Study and Literature Review
36. A desk review was carried out with the following steps:
Collection and review of secondary sources of information from various sources
37. Secondary information was collected through published and unpublished reports and
interpretation of maps and photographs. The sources of information were District Development
Committee (DDC), Village Development Committee (VDC), District Forest Office (DFO), other line
agencies, related NGOs and other project offices in the district.
Delineation of the geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence area on the topo-map
38. For the geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence (ZoI), whole area of wards 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, and partial portion of ward 9 of Rampur VDC and whole wards 7 and 9 of Darcha VDC has been
considered. Construction areas including deep wells, reservoir tanks, transmission and distribution
pipes alignments, office building and operator/guard house, toilets and sludge drying beds are
considered to be under direct influence area and remaining area is considered to be under indirectly
influenced area.
Preparation of a project specific checklist
39. A checklist was prepared as per REA checklist of ADB along with survey questionnaire to collect
physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment-related information in the field, as
given in Annex II and Annex VIII.
Field survey and Data Collection
40. Primary data was collected through field surveys within the different settlements of Rampur and
Darcha VDCs. The following tools/research instruments were used for the collection of primary data:
9
Public consultation - To consult with the local communities in different settlements, with key
informants and other knowledgeable persons. This was done to collect biological, socio-
economic and cultural environment-related information.
Topographical map - This map was used to show environmental features on the map during
the walkthrough survey.
Photographs - Necessary photographs were taken to show different environmental features
and affected structures.
Compilation of existing information, impact identification and prediction
41. The information collected from different sources were processed and analyzed according to the
physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment within the ZoI. The secondary data
collected was used as the major source for verification and crosschecking of primary data during the
field survey. The generated information from the primary source was analyzed and tabulated.
42. Based on identification of the impacts, their predictions were done to forecast the changes in local
environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by using various methods, such
as trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert judgment, etc.
Mitigation Measures and Management Plan
43. Based on the identified impacts, the mitigation and monitoring measures were developed. A
realistic approach was applied for the application of the mitigation measures in the local context. An
environmental monitoring and management plan was developed to assess the effectiveness of the
mitigation measures and implementation status.
10
Chapter II
Description of the Project
2.1 Existing Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Infrastructure
2.1.1 Water Supply Facility
44. There are a number of schemes covering different wards of Rampur and Darcha VDCs. These
schemes were constructed with the fund made available by DWSS, Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Fund Development Board and other donors at different times. Major schemes are Khajani
Khola Water Supply Scheme, Khaptad Darchha Water Supply Scheme, Darchha Dharadi Water
Supply Scheme, Kisanbari – Battar Water Supply Scheme, Mathillo/TalloAause Water Supply
Scheme, Chehetari Water Supply System, Bijapur Water Supply Scheme, Tilakpur Water Supply
Scheme, Kandelbari Water Supply Schemes etc.
45. Most of these water supply schemes are in dilapidated conditions and beyond repair. The area
does not have household connections and most of the water supply schemes supply water through
public taps and a few households have yard connections. The water quality of the water supplied by
the public taps of all the existing rural water supply systems are not satisfactory as their sources are
not protected and there is no treatment system, even chlorination.
2.1.2 Sanitation Facility
46. The sanitation services in the sub-project area are not organized at the institutional level.
However, individual households are aware of on-site management of human excreta. As the integrated
sanitation components in the previous water supply and sanitation projects in the project area funded
by FINNIDA, RWSSFB and DWSS have helped to promote sanitation in the community. As a result
toilet coverage of the community is remarkably high.
47. The sample household survey shows that 93.52 % of the households in the service area have
latrines which range from pit latrines to cistern flush toilets with septic tanks. Among these also,
19.45 % have either pit latrines or ventilated pit latrines. These kinds of latrines are considered very
rudimentary forms of latrines and need to be replaced by more acceptable forms such as a toilet room
with permanent enclosures and septic tanks. Thus it can be concluded that only 80.55 % of
households have basic level of sanitation facilities.
48. The VDC does not have a water-borne sewerage system and existing practice of human excreta
and feces management is use of septic tanks. However, in most cases the septic tanks are not properly
designed and constructed. Septic tank sludge (septage) is periodically cleaned manually when
overflow problem appears. The sludge is buried in a pit dug on nearby land.
2.1.3 Drainage Facility
49. Most of the roads lack surface drains. Household wastewater is discharged into kitchen gardens
and soak pits located in and around premises. About 42.6% of households use domestic wastewater
for kitchen gardening and about 52.7% of the household dispose wastewater in soak pits. During the
monsoon the household waste water gets diluted with storm water which passes over land and flows
into natural water courses to Kaligandaki River.
Densely built up areas along the major roads with rising commercial activities will soon develop into
dense populated areas inevitably requiring road-side surface drains. Buildings and houses in such
11
areas will not have adequate space to discharge increased wastewater as a result of improved water
supplies and will be forced to discharge household wastewater along the road sides.
2.1.4 Solid Waste Management
50. The project area is not densely populated and so solid waste collection and disposal is not yet seen
as a major problem by the community. The majority of household are fully or partly engaged in
agriculture and raise cattle. The solid waste produced is organic in nature and returned in composted
or raw form into the agricultural fields. Other kinds of wastes such as papers, plastics and metals are
taken away for recycling by individual garbage collectors paying nominal costs to the households.
About 92% of the waste is disposed in pits near the house and 6% of the waste is thrown into public
land managed by VDC. 2% of the waste is collected by private collectors.
2.2 Type, Category and Need of the Project
51. The Rampur Small Town WSP has been conceptualized as a piped, pumped water supply system
considering ground water as the source with pressure filter treatment system and ground reservoirs for
distribution. The system has been formulated to provide reliable and continuous 24 hours drinking
water supply in adequate quantity and quality to the consumers.
52. With the expansion of the population due to rapid urbanization, the supply of water from existing
schemes is inadequate. The quality of water supplied is also not satisfactory especially during the
rainy season when the turbidity is very high. Moreover no treatment has been incorporated in the
system. Even chlorination is not used.
53. WUSC and members of different political parties expressed that need of drinking water is their
top priority and they assured that beneficiaries are ready to contribute. The community in the project
area is aware of the quality of water for drinking purpose and are paying requisite tariff as affixed by
WUSC. They are not satisfied in terms of quality and quantity of water delivered.
2.3 Size or Magnitude of Operation
54. Two separate schemes are designed for providing water and sanitation facility for a base
population of 16,544 (year 2015) and a design year population of 28,916 (in the year 2029) covering
whole households of wards 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and partial portion of ward 9 of Rampur VDC and whole
households of wards 7 and 9 of Darcha VDC. Except Kisanbari-Battar scheme (serving part of ward
no 5), all other existing schemes will be discarded and a new system will be constructed. Ground
water will be pumped from 5 deep wells with more than 75 m depth.
2.4 Proposed Schedule for Implementation
55. Major project activities are construction and installation of
Deep wells
Pumping system
Transmission mains
Treatment facilities
Reservoirs
Distribution mains
House connection
Water quality testing facility
Office building
Operator House
Boundary wall etc.
12
56. The work will be contracted to a contractor, the standard procedure for selection and tendering
will be followed as per the norms of the Fiscal Act and Regulations. These will comprise of tendering
and approval of contract; presentation of security performance, field mobilization of workers,
technicians, and professional of the contractor; procurement and transportation of materials,
installation of structural works, mechanical works, pipe works and commissioning works. The
proposed schedule is presented in table 11 in chapter 8.
2.5 Description of Project
2.5.1 Water Source
57. Ground water source will be used for this project. Ground water will be extracted from five deep
tube wells (three for scheme I and two for scheme II). Location of tube wells for scheme I are located
near Bejhand Bazar adjacent to Rampur VDC Office, vacant land of Ayurveda Hospital and public
land adjacent to the Agriculture Service Center. For scheme II tube wells are located on public land at
Birin Tar and Ramkuwa.
58. The water quality test report shows high iron content and exceeds the prescribed NDWQS. The
water quality test reports of samples collected are attached in Annex IX.
2.5.2 Water Treatment Facilities
59. All urban water supplies must meet National Drinking Quality Standards (NDWQS). Beside high
iron content, all the other parameters of ground water are within prescribed NDWQS. Hence pressure
filter is proposed for removing iron from the water.
60. The treatment plant for scheme I will be located above and adjacent to the proposed reservoir
(RVT1) site. Given the restriction of capacity of the commercially available pressure filters two
pressures filters each of 15 lps capacity will be provided in parallel for scheme I. The treatment plant
for scheme II of 15 lps capacity will be located above and adjacent to proposed reservoir (RVT2) site.
Both the plants will receive raw water from the tube wells and discharge treated water to the service
reservoirs by gravity.
Figure 1 : Flow diagram for Treatment Plant for Scheme I
13
Figure 2 : Flow diagram for Treatment Plant for Scheme II
2.5.3 Service Reservoirs
61. Two service reservoirs for scheme I and II each are proposed to be constructed at different
locations to serve different part of the service area. The reservoirs will be partly underground and
partly above ground constructed of RCC in round shapes.
62. For Scheme I, two reservoirs of 450 cum capacity each (RVT 1) will be constructed at the edge of
Ramche Community Forest adjacent to Community Forest Office, Rampur VDC, Ward No. 3.
63. For Scheme II, two reservoirs, one with capacity 200 cum (RVT 2) adjacent to Adharbhut
Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Rampur VDC, and Ward No. 4 to serve lower service area and one with
capacity 150 cum (RVT 3) at Karki Danda, adjacent to Ganesh Temple, to serve upper service area
will be constructed.
2.5.4 Pipe Line
64. Alignments of the proposed pipelines have been fixed. The distribution network follows the tracks
and roads as far as possible and no land acquisition is needed for the project.
Transmission Line
65. 5.5 km long DI pipes (150 to 250 mm diameter) are proposed. Similarly, 1025 m GI pipes of 100
mm dia are proposed for connecting two RVTs in Scheme II. The transmission pipe lengths and
diameter of various sections are as the following.
From tubewells to RVT 1 in Scheme I – 150 m of 200 mm dia DI pipes, 640 m of 250 mm dia
DI pipes and 380 m of 150 mm dia DI pipes.
From tubewells to RVT 2 in Scheme II – 132 m of 200 mm dia DI pipes, 640 m of 150 mm
dia DI pipes.
From RVT 2 to RVT 3 in Scheme II – 1025 m of 100 mm dia GI pipes.
Distribution Networks
66. Entire new distribution system has been designed by using DI and HDPE pipes. The HDPE pipe
of outer diameter 50 mm to 160 mm and DI pipe of 150 mm to 300 mm dia. have been used in the
design. The total length of distribution pipe is 162 km. The length of pipes used for different schemes
are as follows:
14
In scheme I the total length of the distribution pipe is about 92 kms of which about 91 kms is
HDPE and about 1 km is DI. Most of the distribution pipes are HPPE pipes from 50 mm to 75
mm OD.
In scheme II the lower service area distribution pipe is about 38 kms of which small lengths
of pipe (200 m) is DI. Most of the pipes are between 50 to 75 mm OD. The upper service area
distribution pipe is about 14 km of HDPE of 50 to 160 mm OD. Most pipe sizes are between
50 to 55 mm OD.
The washout and air valve have been arranged in the distribution system and in total 152 pipe
valve chambers and 59 masonry valve chambers have been proposed. Four fire hydrants at
market places have been proposed.
2.5.5 Other System Appurtenance
67. As the distribution network is small, the concept of district metering will not be feasible and
desirable. Provision of metering at the outlet of distribution reservoirs with billing system will be able
to give a good picture of non-revenue water in the distribution network. Desired numbers of control
scour and air valves will be provided in the network for smooth network operation.
Table 2: Infrastructures needed for the Project
Infrastructure Function Description Location
Deep tube wells Extraction of water
from ground water
source
5 deep tube wells of
more than 75 m depth
Near Bejhand Bazar
adjacent to Rampur
VDC Office, vacant
land of Ayurveda
Hospital, public land
adjacent to Agriculture
service center, public
land at Birin Tar and
Ramkuwa
Treatment Facilities Remove iron from
water
Pressure Filter At the edge of Ramche
CF adjacent to CF
office, adjacent to
Adharbhut Madhyamik
Vidyalaya and at Karki
Danda adjacent to
Ganesh Temple
Reservoirs Collect and store water 4 covered RCC tanks At the edge of Ramche
CF adjacent to CF
office, adjacent to
Adharbhut Madhyamik
Vidyalaya and at Karki
Danda adjacent to
Ganesh Temple
Transmission Mains Transfer water from the
source to the Treatment
/storage tank
5.5 km long 150 to
250 mm dia DI pipes
and 1.025 km long
100 mm dia GI pipes
From source to
treatment/storage tank
and in between storage
tanks
Distribution Mains Transmission of water
from the
DI pipe of 150 to 300
mm dia and HDPE
All over service area
15
Storage/distribution
tanks to the service area
houses
pipes of 50 to 160 mm
dia
House Connection Connecting households
with distribution mains
1975 fully plumbed
connections, 965 yard
taps, 50 community
taps and 33
institutional taps in
2015
All over service area
Office Building Administrative purpose One and half storey
building with five
rooms
Near Agriculture
service center at
Rampur VDC
Operator House House for operating
works
Two one storey
building with one room
One near Bejhand
Bazar adjacent to
Rampur VDC Office,
and next at vacant land
of Ayurveda Hospital,
Public Toilet with
Septic Tank
Prevent the open
defecation in market
area due to
unavailability of public
toilet.
1 Public toilets having
separate provision for
male and female with
urinals each with
capacity of 100
persons
Bejhad Bazaar
Sludge Drying Bed Processing septage
prior to discharge to the
streamlet
Flat bed for sun drying
of sludge
Table 3: Salient Features of Rampur Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Project Name Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Scheme Name Rampur Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Palpa
Service Area All households of wards 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and partial portion of ward 9
(Bagar, Garchaunji) of Rampur VDC and all households of wards 7 and
9 of Darcha VDC.
Scheme Type Pumping system
Design Flow 41 Lps 24 Hr. Pumping per day from five different Wells
Designed Period 15 years (1 year preparation, 2 year construction and 15 years design
period)
Household No. Survey
Year
2793
Growth rate 4.56% per Annum for Scheme I and 2.62% per Annum for Scheme II.
Permanent population Survey Year 2012: 14,719
Base Year 2015: 16,544
Design Year 2029: 28,916
Water Demand at design
year (lpd)
3,547,786 Liters
Project Description Scheme-I Scheme-II
Deep tube well with Test
boring (no)
3 2
Borehole Plate form 1 1
Sump well (no) 1
16
Operator house (no) 1 1
Transformer (no)
100 KVA 33/0.4 KV, 3-Φ, 50 Hz
1
Transformer (no) 50 KVA
33/0.4 KV, 3-Φ, 50 Hz
1
Mechanical Treatment
Plant (no)
1 2
Pipe length (m)
Transmission main (m) 1228 1887
Distribution main (m) 161986
Pipe Size
Transmission main
GI main (mm) 100 mm dia
DI (m) (mm) 150-250 mm Dia. 150-200 mm Dia.
Distribution main
GI main (mm)
HDPE (mm) 50-160 mm Dia.
DI (m) (mm) 150-300 mm Dia.
Ground Storage (No. cum
cap. Cum)
2 No. of 450 Cum 200 m3-1 No. 150 m3-1 No.
Concrete valve
chamber(No)
65
Pipe valve box (No) 152
HH fully plumb and yard
connection (Base year)
3137
Institutional Connection 33
WUSC/Lab building(no.) 1
Office building 1
Guard house 2
Fire Hydrant 4
Public Latrine 1 No (Bejhad Bazaar)
Storm Water Drainage 3.6 Km. in and around Bejhad Bazaar
Tractor with Tailor for
Solid Waste Collection
1 Nos
Tailor Mounted Suction
Tank
1 Nos
Sludge Drying Bed 1 Nos.
17
Chapter III
Description of the Environment
3.1 Physical Resources
3.1.1 Topography
68. The project area is located within 27o50’06’ N, 83
o55’09”E and 27
o52’55”N, 83
o51’56”E with
average elevation of 325 to 550 m.
69. It is 65 km north east from the headquarter Tansen and is joined by 18 km black topped road and
31 km earthen road (black top on process) from Aryabhanjayan at Siddhartha Highway. The valley is
bounded by Syangja District in the north, Tanahun in the north-east and Nawalparasi District in the
east. Kaligandaki River seperates the boundary in northern part.
70. Location map of project area is given in Annex 3.
3.1.2 Geology and Soils, Seismology
71. The Project area lies in Lesser Himalaya Zone. Dolomite and phyllite are the predominant rocks
of the project area. Sandy lime stones, breccious and conglomeratic layers, sand stones etc. are also
found within the project area. No landslide possibility is noticed in the vicinity.
3.1.3 Hydrology and Climate
72. The Project area lies in the Sub-Tropical Climatic Zone and the temperature rises above 40oC in
summer. Average annual precipitation of the project area is 1520.7 mm (District Profile 2013). All the
catchment water drains to Kaligandaki River which flows from west to east on the northern side of the
Project area.
3.1.4 Water Resources
Surface water and Quality
73. In case of surface water, Kaligandaki River is the major source of water within the project area.
However water quality of this river is not good enough for utilizing as drinking purpose. Other rivers
and streams within project area are Turrindi Khola, Bagar Khola, Muladi Khola, Katwal Khola etc.
and water quantity of these rivers and stream is not sufficient enough and feasible for extraction in
comparison to ground water.
74. Water quality of surface water and ground water is given in Annex IX.
3.2 Ecological Resources
3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas
75. There are no national parks or protected areas within the Project area. However the Project lies
near some community forests (CFs).
3.2.2 Forests
76. Most of the project activities are within settlement region and barren land (public land). However
the project area comprises many community forests. It is noticed that some portion of Ramche CF and
Karki Danda CF are required for constructing reservoir tanks.
18
Flora and Fauna
77. For the project, some areas of Karki dada Community forest and Ramche Community forest are
required. Major vegetation found within the project area are Sal (Shorea robusta), Chilaune (Schima
wallichii), Sisoo (Dalbergia sisoo), Katus (Castonopsis indica) etc. Jackal (Canis aurous), Wild Cat
(Felis chaus), Kalij (Lophura leucomelana), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Monkey (Macaca mulatta),
Crow (Corvus splenscns), Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Hare (Caprolaus hispidus) etc. are common
birds and animal species harboring near the project area.
78. The principal species of fishes found in Kaligandaki River are snow trouts (Schizothorax spp.),
mahseer (Tor spp.), catfish (Wallago attu), eel (Anguilla bengalensis), etc. Other streams are mostly
dry and do not have significant fishes.
3.3 Social and Cultural Resources
3.3.1 Population and Communities
79. The project area has a rural setting and most parts consist of sparse settlements expect the bazaar
areas. Rampur, the main market center forming the core of the VDC is urbanizing at a fast pace and
has some the urban amenities and infrastructures. The other areas forming the fringe of Rampur have
a number of populated settlements connected with gravel and earthen roads. None of the roads are
black topped.
80. In total 2793 households will benefit from the project with total population of 15,185 including
rental populations (3%). The population of male comprises 49.8% and female population comprises
50.2% which is almost equal. The average family size is 5.27. The majority of the beneficiaries are
Janajatis (44%) and Bramin/Chhetri (42%). Population of Dalits and others (Muslim and Madhesi) are
11% and 3% respectively.
3.3.2 Health Facilities
81. There is one primary health care center with a doctor in Rampur VDC, one Ayurved
Aushadhalaya, one eye hospital and one private hospital. There are 8 medical stores within the project
area. In case of serious health problems, local people go to Pokhara, Butwal, Tansen and Kathmandu
for treatment.
3.3.3 Educational Facilities
There are 2 higher secondary schools and 5 secondary level schools, 2 lower secondary schools and 5
primary level schools in the project area. The status of literacy of the project area is better than the
national figure. The illiterate percentage of the population is 7%. The majority of the populations have
secondary level education status (22%). Similarly, the graduate population is 7% and population with
Master degree is 3%.
3.3.4 Socio-economic conditions
82. Most of the households are dependent on agriculture (62%). The socio-economic survey 2069
shows that 9% households are fully dependent on business and trade. Similarly 13% of households are
dependent on different services. 9% are employed overseas.
83. Land ownership status of the household is satisfactory, i.e. 87% have land ownership and 98% of
people have their own house. However, 48% of houses are of traditional nature and belong to price
group just up to 4 lakhs. 35% households belong to 5 to 14 lakhs price category. 10% of houses
belong to price group of 15 to 24 lakhs, 5% 25 to 35 lakhs and 2% 35 to 49 Lakhs.
19
84. The income level of people is also better. 66% household earn more than NRs. 10,000 monthly
and 19% households have an average income of NRs. 6,000-10,000. Similarly, 9% households have
average monthly income of NRs. 4000-6,000 and 6% households have low income (less than NRs.
4000 per month).
3.3.5 Physical or Cultural Heritage
85. There are no remarkable cultural and physical heritage sites within the project area.
3.3.6 Employment
86. Agriculture is the major source of livelihood. The people of the service area are shifting from
subsistence agriculture to commercial sources, ie livestock farming and commercial vegetable
farming. Remittance is another attractive source of income, 9% people are depended on remittance.
Similarly 13% people are engaged in various services inside the country.
3.3.7 Slums and Squatter Settlements
87. The Project area is a growing area and has a rural characteristic. No slum areas are noticed within
the project area.
3.4 Economic Development and Prospects for Growth
3.4.1 Land Use
88. The agriculture land is being fragmented due to population growth, land plotting for house
construction, construction of roads, market centers and public facilities. Settlements are being
developed along the major urban roads and potential growths centers. Most of the private land is used
for agricultural except in the core bazaar area.
3.4 2 Infrastructure
Transportation
89. The Project area is connected by a graveled feeder road from Arya Bhangjayan which is in the
process of being black topped. There are many earthen roads within the project area. Development of
the Kaligandaki Highway is in the process which passes along Kaligandaki River in the northern side.
Drinking Water Supply
90. The area does not have proper household connections and most of the water supply schemes
supply water through public taps and a few households have yard connections. Only 4% of the
households have private taps and 58% of households use public taps. 10% of the households are
dependent on wells and 26% have tube wells. 7% are dependent on streams and ponds.
Surface Drainage, Sanitation and Sewerage
91. There is no surface drainage and sewerage facility in the project area. The waste water and solid
waste of houses are being disposed at the household level in soak pits and pits. Most of the
households have constructed and are using toilets. Due to the rapid population growth in the service
area, the facilities of surface drainage, sewerage and solid waste management are required for healthy
and hygienic environment.
Electricity
92. The service area is connected with the national grid of NEA and has electricity facility.
20
Communications
93. Mobile phones are widely used within the Project area. Landline phones are available along with
internet facilities in market area. There is one post office within the Project area.
3.4.3 Economic Characteristics
Industries
94. There are no big industries within the project area besides cottage industries.
Agricultural Development
95. The project is located in a rural area with plenty of agricultural land with high percentage of
people (62%) involved in agricultural activities.
Mineral Development
96. No extraction of mineral resources is noticed within the Project area.
Tourism Development
97. The Project area is not suitable for tourism development.
3.4.4 Development Organizations
98. There are many development organizations within the project area. The major organizations are
mentioned in tables 4 and 5.
Table 4: Governmental Offices in the service area
SN Name of Institutions Address No of staffs
1 Ilaka Police Office Rampur-3 35
2 Army Camp Rampur-3 87
3 Office of Village Development committee Rampur-4 7
4 Post Office Rampur -4 6
5 PHC Rampur-3 14
6 Range Post Ramour-4 8
7 Livestock service center Rampur -4 6
8 Agriculture service center Rampur-4 7
9 Ayurved Aushdhalaya Rampur -4 5
10 Kali Gandaki Eye hospital Rampur-5 0
Table 5: Banks in service area
Name of Institution Address No. of staff
Rastrya Banijya Bank-Rampur Rampur -4 15
Pashimanchal Bikas Bank Rampur -4 12
Garima bikas bank Rampur-3 15
Kalika Micro Credit Development
Bank
Rampur-4 10
Krishi Bikas Bank Rampur-3 18
3.4.5 Major Environmental Problems
99. Haphazard urbanization, unmanaged disposal of solid waste, dust emissions from earthen roads
etc. are the major environmental problems in the service area.
21
3.4.6 Health and Sanitation
100. The sanitary situation of the project area is not satisfactory. According to the socio economic
survey 86% household have constructed toilets. Solid west management is not institutionally
managed. In case of disposal of waste, the bazar area like Bejhad and Kisanbari need immediate
action due to rapid urbanization. These areas need proper sewerage, drainage and public latrines.
101. The field study shows high prevalence of water borne diseases in the project area. 45% of
households are spending more than NRs. 2000 per year, and 22% of households are spending NRs.
2000 to 3000 annually on average for treating diseases.
22
CHAPTER IV
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
102. Environmental impacts on physical, biological and socio - economic and cultural aspects are
identified based on the existing environmental condition with respect to the proposed project
interventions. The proposed Rampur Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project by size and
technology is a small one, which will improve sanitation facilities with minimum physical
interventions. It is assessed that there will be minimal impact on the environment, which can be easily
mitigated.
103. None of the components of the scheme encroaches the main forest areas of the VDCs. However
some areas from edge of two community forest (Ramche and Karki dada) along with some trees need
to be acquired for construction of reservoir tanks. There are no wetlands, historic/cultural monuments,
building of heritage value in the project area. Resettlement is also not required as WSUG has already
purchased/managed the land required for the project. The route for transmission/distribution pipe has
been designed through the existing roadways or through areas where trees do not have to be felled.
4.1 Beneficial Impacts
104. Development of water and sanitation facilities will have numerous beneficial impacts to
individuals as well as to the entire community. Availability of clean and adequate drinking water and
sanitary facility are basic human needs. Also any development efforts aimed at improving water and
sanitation needs of an area will significantly contribute towards improving the quality of life of that
area.
105. Some of the major beneficial impacts of the project and their maximization measures are
described below.
4.1.1 Construction Phase
Generation of employment
106. Impact: The Project will require 48192 person days of skilled and 148295 person days of
unskilled labors.
107. Enhancement Measures: Implementation of the Project will directly provide employment
opportunities at local level by giving priority to local people for employment.
4.1.2 Operation Phase
Improvement in Health and Sanitation
108. Impact: After the water supply and sanitation project is completed, people living within the
project area will benefit from the supply of good quantity and potable water in their premises with
improved sanitary conditions.
109. Enhancement Measures: Regular maintenance of the water supply system will be done by the
users groups
Women Empowerment
110. Impact: Women households in the project area are under pressure for managing low quantity of
available water. Furthermore, contaminated water can lead to diseases. Women from households have
23
to spend considerable time to care for the sick in the family. With the improvement of water supply
there will be marked reduction in the occurrence of infectious diseases within the households of the
project area.
111. Enhancement Measures: Beneficial impacts to women and girls can be enhanced by
conducting health and awareness programs to the local community.
Increment in local economy and commercial activities
112. Impact: Unavailability of safe drinking water could be one of the reasons for some persons to
opt for conducting their business from different locations. Consequently this trend will be discouraged
with the availability of safe drinking water and improved sanitation systems provided through the
development of this project. Availability of supply of drinking water will induce multiplier effects to
promote areas for multipurpose development of this region.
113. When this infrastructure is available such persons would be attracted to this place for their
operation. The land price would increase due to the availability of reliable safe drinking water and
sanitation system. The availability of good supply of drinking water will accelerate the rate of
development of this place as a leading market centre of this region.
114. Enhancement Measures: Local people will be made aware that high value lands are acceptable
to the banks and microfinance institutions to provide loans for them to start their own economic/social
ventures. DDC/VDCs shall manage planned growth with the required infrastructure facilities for
healthy and hygienic environment in the market areas.
4.2 Adverse Impacts
4.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase
Environmental Impacts due to Project Design
Damage to utility lines, community services and infrastructure
115. Impact: Design of the Project can have impact on existing water supply system and other
infrastructures. Natural drainage pattern may be disturbed. If not reviewed properly, project location
near a forest can damage vegetation and cause habitat loss. The project can have impact on land use,
particularly agricultural land, thus reducing production and benefits of farmers.
116. Mitigation Measure: The design of the project shall be prepared in such a way that it will cause
minimal impact on the environment. The location of project structures and transmission/distribution
line will be selected with minimum loss of vegetation and agricultural land.
117. The proposed structures of the project do not appear to disturb any physical or social
infrastructure in the area. It will be scrutinized to see that it does not damage or obstruct any
government and private buildings, social and cultural establishments, schools, colleges, medical
service establishments that exist in the service area. Structures of the project will be designed to avoid
relocation of electric poles.
Increased Production of Waste Water
118. Impact: Due to the project there will be adequate supply of water. Hence more water will be
used, thus increasing amount of used wastewater.
119. Mitigation Measure: Proper mechanism for disposal of wastewater will be considered by the
design. Design of septage drying beds will be done to restrict direct disposal of wastewater into
natural stream.
24
Inadequate disposal of sludge from reservoirs and treatment plant
120. Impact: Some amount of sludge will be generated from reservoirs and treatment plants.
However generated sludge is estimated to be very low. With increase in population and water
consumption, sludge generation may increase and can adversely impact the environment.
121. Mitigation Measure: Sludge generation rate and disposal plan will be prepared with increase in
sludge generation.
Source dispute and water use conflicts
122. Impact: While extracting water from its source, there may be source disputes and water use
conflicts. Similarly, issues related with priority rights will be given due importance.
123. Mitigation Measure: Consultation and agreement with water users groups and VDCs have been
done. There are no impacts related with source dispute and water use conflicts in the project.
4.2.2 Construction Phase
Physical Environment
Air, water and noise pollution
124. Impact: The project area is connected by road in most of the places. Trucks and tractors will be
used for the transportation of construction materials. The excavation and quarrying activities will
release dust and particulate matters. The drilling machine and other mechanical equipment may emit
some quantity of dust and smoke, but they may be of negligible quantity. Water pollution during
construction phase may be due to
Haphazard disposal of solid waste by workers nearby the construction site.
Excavated soil transported to the water bodies by rainwater.
Leakage and disposal of oil and grease from construction equipment.
125. Mitigation Measure: Equipment, which produce heavy noise, will not be used. Gaseous
pollutants will be emitted by construction equipment in very limited quantity, which will be carefully
monitored and old and polluting machines will not be used. Noise will be monitored to keep within
permissible levels. Workers working in high noise area will be provided ear mufflers. Haphazard
disposal of waste by workers will be restricted. Leakage and disposal of oil and grease will be
checked regularly and prevent them from polluting natural water bodies by using proper grease traps.
Impacts on Quarry and Spoil disposal site
126. Impact: Construction work will require sand, gravel, boulder and other types of construction
materials. The extraction of materials from inappropriate places or in excessive amounts may cause
environmental concerns. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion,
disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. Quarry site of the project
is located in Kaligandaki River.
127. Mitigation Measure: Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and
fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. After the extraction is completed, the quarry
site will be closed and rehabilitated to suit the local landscape
128. Impact: Excavated soil particularly during reservoir construction need to be disposed in
appropriate locations without causing contamination of water bodies, erosion, pollute water and
damage to farmlands, crops and property. If not properly and timely addressed, the impacts from spoil
disposal will be direct and of high magnitude, site-specific and long-term in nature.
25
129. Mitigation Measure: Excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites near reservoir
tanks in a controlled manner. Spoils will not be disposed on farmland, marshy land, forest areas,
natural drainage path, canals and other infrastructures. After the disposal, the site will be provided
with drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion.
Impacts to traffic
130. Impact: Trench failure, slope disturbances, vibrations, excavation and removal of excavated
material can affect the local land system. Excavated earth for laying distribution system may obstruct
pedestrian and traffic movement because most of the pipelines pass along the roadside.
Mitigation Measure: Care will be taken while excavating and laying pipes, excavated soil will be
stored in outer side of trench opposite to roadside and backfilling will be done properly. Construction
during rainy season will be avoided. Wooden bridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles
will be provided to allow access across open trenches. Work force will be increased in sensitive areas
so as to finish the work quickly.
Biological Environment
Impacts due to Forest clearance, loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat
131. Impact: The project activity is going to affect two community forests Ramche CF and Karki
danda CF. It is observed that around 40 trees need to be fell down during construction period.
132. Mitigation Measure: According to the Work Procedure for providing the Forest Land for Other
Use, 2063 of Government of Nepal, the Project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five
years) equivalent to the forest area lost from the project activity or pay for the plantation and
protection cost to the community forest user groups (CFUGs)/District Forest Office. If the trees lost
have more than 10 cm diameter than 25 times more new trees (plus 10% additional trees) will be
planted. The total no of trees to be fallen down from community forest is 40 so in total 1,100 no of
trees is to be compensated. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the
concerned CFUG. However, emphasis will be given to local, rare, endangered and protected species.
The forest products from the CF will be utilized by the CFUG according to their operational plans.
NRs. 3,70,000 has been allocated for compensatory plantation and supporting CFUs.
Possible Firewood extraction and Timber/NTFP Exploitation
133. Impact: Labor may exert pressure on the local forests of the surrounding areas for cooking and
heating.
134. Mitigation Measure: For construction labors stationed at the camp, contractor will provide
kerosene or gas for cooking and heating. Use of forest wood will be restricted and respective
provisions will be included in the contract agreement document with contractor.
Impacts due to Hunting and Poaching of Wild life by workforce
135. Impact: The proposed area is not a significant habitat for wildlife and bird species. However, as
the project area lies near community forests, there may be illegal hunting and poaching of wild life by
workers.
136. Mitigation Measure: Workers will be prohibited to enter the forest and their activities will be
regularly monitored while working near the forest area.
26
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Impacts on Land acquisition, Resettlement, Relocation and Compensation
137. Impact: All the infrastructures will be built on public land and hence there will not be any
impact related to land acquisition. Similarly there will not be impacts related to resettlement,
relocation and compensation.
Disturbances to Community activities
138. Impact: Disturbance to community activities, public/social/cultural important sites/schools may
occur due to generation of noise, vibrations, power horns and access due to excavations and vehicle
movements. Similarly festivals and social events may be affected due to project related activities.
Excessive noise can affect peace, serenity, health and sleeping time in the neighborhood of the Project
areas. Additionally, business activities may not run smoothly due to obstructions from the project
construction works.
139. Mitigation Measure: Information about the work schedule will be provided to the public so that
they will be able to adjust their individual work schedule time to the project requirements. Noise
levels will be regularly monitored and speed limits will be determined for vehicles. Use of power
horns will be banned. Operation of plants and construction vehicles between 7 PM to 6 AM in
residential areas will be prohibited. Similarly working at sensitive times (during religious festivals in
the area) will be avoided. The work force in sensitive areas will be increased so as to finish the work
quickly. Wooden bridges will be provided for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow
access across open trenches.
Social Disputes and Dissatisfaction
140. Impact: During the construction works, some workforce from outside is also required so there
will be interaction between local labor and the outside workforce. During this interaction some
disputes may arise between two workforces resulting to social and cultural conflicts. This may also
lead to social and cultural mix-up, whereas on the other hand there will also be increased
interdependence among diverse social groups and inter-linkages between different geographical areas,
which will promote social cohesion and a culture of tolerance amongst people.
141. Mitigation Measure: The local communities of the project area will be made aware of values
and importance of culture and religion through awareness raising campaigns. In order to minimize
disputes between local labor and outside work force law and order will be enforced strictly among the
workers. Regular inspection will be done by the contractor to find out if there is any dispute arising
between the workers. In case of disputes and misunderstandings the project in association with the
local communities will look for consensus to settle the issues.
Occupational health and safety impact
142. Impact: Since the labor forces require undertaking works especially in hazardous materials
handling, heavy equipment operations, bitumen works etc. they are exposed to various safety risks
and health hazards works undertaken without adequate safety measures will be discouraged. Health
risk is also commonly associated with the poor labor camp conditions, use of unsafe water supply
sources, poor sanitation conditions (lack of latrines and washing facilities) also cause the risk of
endemic diseases that includes dysentery, diarrhea, cholera etc. Contagious diseases HIV/AIDS, STDs
etc may surface up conspicuously and spread over extensively among local and in-migrant labor force
that may be infected with diseases and become sexually active.
143. Mitigation Measure: This risk will be minimized by properly adopting safety measures. Before
construction begins the contractor will inform and provide training to its workers on the potential
27
occupational health and safety impacts/hazards and mitigation measures to be used during
construction. Proper sanitation system will be developed to reduce the air and water pollution.
Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be established at construction sites to control
open defecation and pollution of water bodies by the workers. Personal protective equipments (PPE)
and basic first aid will be provided to construction workers during construction of the project.
Besides, the project will provide insurance facility for injuries or death of workers.
Community Health and Safety
144. Impact: During construction phase, there may be possibility of the spread of communicable
diseases among the community due to poor sanitation and living conditions, sexual transmission and
vector-borne infections in construction labor camps, spread of food borne diseases due to street side
hawkers, possibility of the spread of vector-borne diseases due to stagnant water pools (creating
mosquito breeding habitats). There may also be possibility of accidents to the people of the
community due to trench excavations.
145. Mitigation Measure: To avoid risks from accidents on site due to the movement of the public
and workers health and safety measures execution will be part of the contract which will include:
Following standard and safe procedures e.g. shoring in trenches;
Prohibit entry at construction sites to the public; barricade the area and provide warning signs;
Provide PPE to the workers;
Avoid manual cleaning in very deep and narrow sections of the drains to avoid hazardous
working conditions;
Provide First Aid kits at the site;
Keep records of accidents; and
Provide health and accident insurance to the workers.
146. Impact: Construction activities could be a nuisance to the public/social/cultural important
sites/schools due to generation of noise, vibrations, power horns and access due to excavations and
vehicle movements.
147. Mitigation Measure: Mitigating measures are:
Provide information to the public about the work schedule;
Monitoring of noise levels regularly at site to meet the noise standards (Appendix 6);
Fit mufflers in vehicles to control noise;
Limit the speed of vehicles;
Ban the use of power horns in vehicles;
Regular maintenance of equipment and vehicles;
Prohibit the operation of plants and construction vehicles between 7 PM to 6 AM in
residential areas;
Compensate the damages caused by vibration to structures if caused by construction
activities;
Avoid working at sensitive times (during religious festivals in the area);
Increase the work force in sensitive areas so as to finish the work quickly; and
28
Provide wooden bridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across
open trenches.
4.2.3 Operation Phase
Risk of Contaminated water in the distribution system
148. Impact: In general suboptimal operation of the Project will create hazards in terms of
overall delivery of the outputs and safety of the personnel. In this condition, the very existence of
the Project will be at risk. The people consuming water from such a source will be at higher risk
as the majority of the population will be consuming the same water. Any contamination of water
is likely to cause epidemics with water borne disease. Since the consumers believe getting safe
water they will not be taking the precautions that they were taking prior to the project
implementation. Subsequently, any case of neglect/mistake in this aspect from the project
operators can result in serious consequences.
149. Mitigation Measure: The risks of contaminated water in the distribution system could be
mitigated by regular O&M of chlorinators; regular water quality monitoring of water in the
distribution system; immediate action in case of water quality problems; and training and
operational supervision of system staff.
Toxic Chemical Hazard
150. Impact: Bleaching Powder is toxic to humans. Ingestion, inhalation, application to body parts,
especially to such parts as eyes, nose, and mouths are of extremely hazardous.
151. Mitigation Measure: Storage, in-plant handling and dosages of chlorine (bleaching powder)
will be monitored regularly and procedures set up and guidelines developed for its handling and first
aid measures to be introduced for emergencies, and training and operational supervision of system
staff.
Nuisance from Sludge Drying Bed
152. Impact: Inappropriate sludge disposal will have many impacts on the environment like odor and
vector problems. Similarly there may be problem due to leachate. Ultimately, there may be rejection
of the location by the locals.
153. Mitigation Measure: Location of the sludge drying bed will be determined only after consulting
all the stakeholders. Sludge drying bed will be properly designed to avoid possibility of ground water
pollution and public health hazards. Clay liner and geo membrane will be provided at the bed to
prevent ground water contamination. Regular O&M of the sludge beds along with lime and pesticide
spreading will be done for controlling odor and vector problems. Buffer zone of 15 m will be
provided around the area and tree plantation will be done to cover sludge drying areas.
Table 6: Evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impacts
Project Stage Anticipated
Impacts
Significance of the Impacts
Extend Magnitude Duration
Beneficial Impacts
Construction Phase Generation of
employment
Local Moderate Temporary
Operation Phase Improvement in
Health and
Sanitation
Local Significant Permanent
Women
Empowerment
Local Small Permanent
29
Project Stage Anticipated
Impacts
Significance of the Impacts
Extend Magnitude Duration
Increment in local
economy and
commercial
activities
Local Moderate Permanent
Adverse Impacts
Pre-Construction
Phase
Damage to utility
lines, community
services and
infrastructure
Local Significant Permanent
Increased
Production of Waste
Water
Local Moderate Permanent
Inadequate disposal
of sludge from
reservoirs and
treatment plant
Local Significant Permanent
Source dispute and
water use conflicts
Local Small Temporary
Construction Phase Physical Environment
Air, water and noise
pollution
Regional Moderate Temporary
Impacts on Quarry
and Spoil disposal
site
Local Moderate Temporary
Impacts due to Soil
erosion and possible
land surface
disturbances
Local Small Temporary
Biological Environment
Impacts due to
Forest clearance,
loss of vegetation
and wildlife habitat
Local Moderate Temporary
Possible Firewood
extraction and
Timber/NTFP
Exploitation
Local Small Temporary
Impacts due to
Hunting and
Poaching of Wild
life by workforce
Local Small Temporary
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Impacts on Land
acquisition,
Resettlement,
Relocation and
Compensation
No impact observed No impact observed No impact observed
Disturbances to
Community
activities
Local Moderate Temporary
30
Project Stage Anticipated
Impacts
Significance of the Impacts
Extend Magnitude Duration
Social Disputes and
Dissatisfaction
Local Small Temporary
Occupational health
and safety impact
Local Significant Temporary
Community Health
and Safety
Local Significant Temporary
Operation Phase Risk of
Contaminated water
in the distribution
system
Regional Significant Permanent
Toxic Chemical
Hazard
Regional Significant Permanent
Nuisance from
Sludge Drying Bed
Local Significant Permanent
Basis of the categorization of impacts:
154. Type: The impacts on the environment are limited to a small area around the point of the activity
which is classified as local. If the effect is anticipated to be in the whole region it is classified as
regional. If the effect can be felt beyond the boundaries of the country then it is classified as global.
155. Magnitude: If the effect is not so significant and minor it is classified as small. If it is highly
significant to cause a high degree of change, then it is classified as significant. Any effect that comes
in a middle range is termed as moderate.
156. Duration: If the effect does not last for a long time it is termed as temporary. If the effect is
recoverable after some time is termed as temporary.
31
Table 7: Mitigation measures, responsible agencies and cost required
Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)
Pre-Construction/Design Phase
Damage to utility lines, community
services and infrastructure
The location of project structures will avoid electric poles, power
supply structures and infrastructures
People will be notified and services restored as soon as possible to
overcome public inconvenience
Letter of approval and agreements will be obtained
DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC Included in
Design Cost
Risk from increased production of waste
water due to availability of increased water
supply
Design of drainage facilities and septage pumping facilities to
meet the new requirements
DSC Included in
Design Cost
Inadequate disposal of sludge from
reservoirs and treatment plant will cause
nuisance to properties
Design of sludge disposal from reservoir and identification of
appropriate locations.
DSC Included in
Design Cost
Source dispute and water use conflicts Consultation and agreement with water users groups DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC and
different water user groups
No extra cost
required
Construction Phase
Physical Environment
Air, water and noise pollution Dust suppression at the site will be done by sprinkling water at
regular intervals.
No equipment, which will produce heavy noise, will be used
Haphazard disposal of waste by workers will be monitored.
Leakage and disposal of oil and grease will be checked regularly
and repaired immediately if noticed.
Provision of green stickers vehicles
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
Impacts on Quarry and Spoil disposal site Unstable and erosion prone sites will be avoided and only
approved quarrying sites will be used
Quarrying activities from rivers/streams will not be done so as to
change the river cross sections and longitudinal profiles
Quarry site will be leveled to suit the local landscape after
extraction is complete
Dumping of excavated soil in outer side of trench opposite to
roadside and backfilling
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
32
Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)
Erosion and land surface disturbance Excavated soil will be placed against erosion
Reuse of excavated soil and backfilling of trenches will be done
As far as possible construction activities will be avoided in the
rainy season.
Temporary diversions and signboards will be provided for the
pedestrians
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
Biological Environment
Loss of vegetation Compensatory Plantation of 1100 trees will be done for loss of
vegetation
CFUs will be supported in plantation
DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC/CFUGs 370,000
Possible Firewood extraction and
NTFP/Timber Exploitation, Hunting and
Poaching of Wild life
Use of fuel wood and timber collection will be prohibited
Illegal collection of NTFPs and trade will be prohibited.
LPG/kerosene will be provided to the workforce.
The local community will be encouraged with all required support
to control illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife and smuggling
of forest resources.
Awareness raising programmes will be organized to educate local
people in wild life preservation and forest conservation.
Contractor/DSC/CFUGs To be included in
BOQ/50,000
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Employment generation and increase in
income
Priority to local people particularly unprivileged group will be
given
On job training will be given whenever necessary
Contractor/DSC To be included in
BOQ/50,000
Disturbance to community activities Traffic Management Plan will be developed and work will be
conducted as quickly as possible to minimize disturbance
Residents will be consulted and informed about the disturbances in
advance
Contractor/DSC To be included in
BOQ
Social dispute and dissatisfaction Local people will be given priority for the employment
All the workers will be instructed to act in a responsible manner
Awareness on ill effects of alcohol, gambling
Contractor No extra cost
required
Occupational Health and Safety Provide training to its workers on the potential occupational health
and safety impacts/hazards and mitigation measures to be used
during construction
First aid will be kept at hand in working area
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
33
Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)
Use of PPEs
General public will be excluded from all construction sites
Insurance will be provided to the workers
Community Health and Safety Required hygienic conditions will be maintained in the labor
camps.
Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be
established at construction sites to control open defecation and
pollution of water bodies by the workers.
Awareness raising campaigns will be conducted related to
community health and safety to the local people
Contractor
DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC
To be included in
BOQ
50,000
Operation and Maintenance Phase
Improvement in Health and Sanitation Regular operation and maintenance of the water supply and
sanitation system
WUSC/DWSS/VDCs No extra cost
required
Women empowerment Health and awareness raising programmes to the local people WUSC/ VDCs 30,000
Increment in Local economy and
commercial activities
Regular supply of potable drinking water and sanitation facility WUSC/ VDCs No extra cost
required
Risk of contaminated water in the
distribution system
Regular testing and maintenance of the aeration plant, pressure
filter and chlorinator and testing of residual chlorine will be done
on a routine basis and recorded
Regular water quality monitoring of water of the distribution
system
System staff will be trained and supervised
WUSC/DWSS 1,00,000
Toxic chemical hazard Usage, handling and storage of chlorine will be prescribed and
guidelines developed
First aid measures will be located in emergencies
WUSC/DWSS 50,000
Nuisance from Sludge Drying Bed Regular O&M of the sludge beds (lime and pesticide spreading)
15 m buffer zone will be provided around the area and tree
plantation will be done
WUSC/DWSS 100,000
34
CHAPTER V
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT
PROJECT SITUATIONS
157. The alternative analysis of the project in terms of project location, technology, implementation
procedures, and the raw materials used have been studied and analyzed. Similarly, comparison
between with and without project or the "No action option" also has been studied and analyzed.
5.1 Alternative in Project Location
158. Different project locations have been analyzed. Places for intake structures, reservoirs, and
sludge bed drying area are chosen so that there will be minimal impact in physical, biological and
social environment. Similarly pipe lines are aligned along the existing roads to achieve minimal
impact. Public opinion and interest have also been considered for locating each structure during field
observation visit of the project area.
5.2 Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials
159. Most of the technologies proposed in the project are labor intensive. Minimum mechanical
equipments will be used during construction work. All major construction work will be done by labor
force without any mechanical equipment.
160. The working procedures proposed will be one of participatory process. For each and every
activities of the project, the beneficiaries have indicated to participate actively. The project has
awarded priority to use local raw materials as far as possible. Except for some mechanical equipment
necessary for pipe fitting, most of the construction materials will be local. The local raw materials
comprising steel and cement will be procured from the local market.
5.3 No Project Option
161. This analysis has also been done with and without project scenario. The implementation of the
proposed project will create substantial positive impacts on health and hygiene of people, public
environment and socio-economic status of the community. Provision of potable drinking water and
sanitation facilities will help to enhance the quality of life of the people. The project will also help to
create job opportunities at local level to considerable number of people. The implementation of the
proposed project will produce only negligible and insignificant environmental impacts; which can be
mitigated through the mobilization of local communities and resources.
162. On the other hand, if the project is not implemented, the people of the project area will have to
continue to suffer from inadequate water supply and of unsatisfactory quality.
35
CHAPTER VI
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
6.1 Public Consultation
163. In order to ensure public involvement, the following procedures have been followed for IEE
report preparation. For ease of comprehension, the activities outlined below were undertaken to
address public opinion towards the project.
164. Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on 23rd
April 2013 in Nepal
Samacharpatra, a national daily newspaper (Annex IV) seeking written opinion from concerned
VDCs, DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of the public notice was
also affixed in the notice boards of the above mentioned organizations and deed of inquiry (muchulka)
was collected (Annex V)
165. IEE team conducted interaction meetings with the local communities and other concerned project
stakeholders comprising District Forest Office, District Water Supply and Sanitation Office, etc.
during field survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions (see Annex VI for meeting
minutes).
166. Draft IEE report was forwarded to Rampur and Darcha VDCs for Public disclosure.
Recommendation letters were also obtained from these VDCs as given in Annex VII. A copy of Draft
IEE will also be kept in the information centre of DDC, Palpa for Public disclosure. After reviewing
Draft IEE report and incorporating the suggestions from the concerned stakeholders, this final IEE
report has been prepared and submitted to PMO for approval from MOUD.
Table 8: Summary of Public Consultation
Date Location No. of
Participants
Issue raised
2070/01/26 Bejad Bazar,
Rampur
21 The project will have no impacts on environment. The
project will provide sufficient potable water in the area
improving the status of health and sanitation.
6.2 Information Disclosure
167. A copy of final IEE will be kept at the information centre of Rampur and Darcha VDCs for
public disclosure. Information will also be disseminated through person to person contacts and
interviews and group discussions. Available institutions at the local level were informed through
notice distribution and pasting of notice on notice boards of the concerned VDCs, school, health posts
and public places. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and general public
through websites of www.sstwsssp.gov.np. for the dissemination of information flow following
offices will be provided IEE report:
District Technical Office and District Development Committee, Palpa
District Project Office, Palpa
Rampur and Darcha VDCs
Ministry of Urban Development
Asian Development Bank, Nepal Resident Mission
36
CHAPTER VII
GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
168. The project aims to facilitate a grievance redress mechanism to address the environmental and
social concerns of the community who may be affected by the project activities. The proposed project
does not require resettlement of any community, and a Resettlement Plan that addresses the Grievance
Redress Mechanism (GRM) is not necessary. However, all the stakeholders are to be made aware of
the project-specific GRM so that there is an appropriate channel of communication and a formalized
procedure to settle disputes.
169. The process requires a GRM committee to be established at the local level to assure accessibility
to the Affected Person or Stakeholder. The committee should consist of members with sufficient
knowledge about the project, with technical know-how and expertise and someone aware about the
socio-cultural dynamics of the community. The GRM requires that issues and comments are first
lodged with the local level GRM committee for handling of grievances at the project site. The GRM
committee should conduct their meeting within 3 weeks of receipt of complaint and solution need to
be provided at meeting within the very week.
170. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, the GRM committee needs to submit it to
the PMO. The PMO with assistance from the Safeguard Specialist and WUSC experts will resolve the
grievance. If the grievance cannot be solved by the PMO, it will be referred to the VDCs and district
DWSS. The grievance is required to be solved within 2 weeks by VDC but if it cannot be resolved
even by VDC and DWSS, the case will be referred to the court of law to adjudicate the matter.
Figure 3: Grievance Redress Mechanism
Affected
Person
VDCs
GRM
Committee
PMO
WUSC Safeguard
Specialist
DWSS
Redress
Grievances
Court of Law
Grievance/ Complaint
37
CHAPTER VIII
MATTERS TO BE MONITORED DURING
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT
8.1 Mitigation and Monitoring
171. The environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared to guide the implementation of
mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles,
environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget
for mitigation measures.
172. The EMP should be implemented in such a way that the contractor is monitored during the
construction phase (to see if the work is being done according to the contract documents where
mitigation measures are specified). The mitigation measures required is outlined in chapter IV of this
report. The EMP will require regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project
operations over the years following project completion. The impacts that have been monitored will be
compared with the anticipated impacts at the time of the preparation of the project.
173. The following are the monitoring indicators during the construction and operation stages:
8.1.1 Construction Phase
174. Environmental Management Plan along with monitoring plan and associated cost during
Construction Phase are given below in Table 9
8.1.2 Operation Phase
175. Environmental Management Plan along with monitoring plan and associated cost during
Operation Phase are given below in Table 10
38
Table 9: Monitoring Plan and Cost during construction Phase
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
Physical Environment
Damage to utility lines,
community services
and infrastructure
Location of project
structures avoid electric
poles, power supply
structures and
infrastructures
People will be notified and
services restored as soon as
possible to overcome public
inconvenience
Letter of approval and
agreements will be obtained
Number of
infrastructures
damaged
Disagreements with
local people
Within project
construction
activities
Observation,
consultation with
local people
DWSS/SSTWSSSP Weekly
during
construction
No extra
cost
required
Air, water and noise
pollution
Dust suppression at the site
by sprinkling water at
regular intervals.
No equipment, which will
produce heavy noise will be
used
Haphazard disposal of
waste by workers will be
monitored. Leakage and
disposal of oil and grease
will be checked regularly
and repaired immediately if
noticed.
Dust problem within
the locality
Degradation of surface
and ground water
Noise levels
Areas within
construction
activities
Observation,
sprinkling of water;
DO, oil and grease,
turbidity etc. in
surface and ground
water;
Amount of noise
levels in dB
PIU/DSC Monthly 30,000
Impacts on Quarry and
Spoil disposal site
Avoiding unstable and
erosion prone sites
Quarrying activities from
rivers/streams will not be
Condition of quarry
sites
and spoil disposal sites
Quarry sites
and spoil
disposal sites
Observation DSC/WUSC Monthly No extra
cost
required
39
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
allowed so as to change the
river cross sections and
longitudinal profiles
Quarry site will be levelled
to suit the local landscape
after extraction is complete
Dumping of excavated soil
in outer side of trench
opposite to roadside and
backfilling
Erosion and land
surface disturbance
Excavated soil will be
placed against erosion
Reuse of excavated soil and
backfilling of trenches will
be done
As far as possible
construction activities will
be avoided in the rainy
season.
Temporary diversions and
signboards will be provided
for the pedestrians
Excavated soil reused,
Condition of land
exposed
Excavation
sites
Observation and
records on amount
of land excavated
and excavated soil
reused
DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
Biological Environment
Loss of vegetation The location of reservoirs
and route of the
transmission line from the
intake at the stream to the
storage tank has been
planned to avoid main
forest.
Amount of trees felled
and ground vegetation
cleared, Status of
community forest
Community
forest
Observation,
Consultation with
CFUGs
DFO/DSC Daily while
working
inside forest
area
No extra
cost
required
40
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
CFUs will be supported in
afforestation
Possible Firewood
extraction and
NTFP/Timber
Exploitation, Hunting
and Poaching of Wild
life
Use of fuel wood and
timber collection will be
prohibited
Illegal collection of NTFPs
and trade will be prohibited.
LPG/kerosene will be
provided to the workforce.
Encourage and support the
local community to control
illegal hunting and poaching
of wildlife and smuggling of
forest resources.
Awareness raising
programmes will be
organized to educate local
people in forest
conservation.
Amount of illegal
collection and harvest
of fuel wood, timber
and NTFP
Records on hunting
and poaching of
wildlife
Forest and
nearby project
area
Observation,
Records and
consultation with
local people and
CFUGs
DFO/DSC Monthly No extra
cost
required
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Source dispute and
water use conflicts
Consultation and agreement
with water users groups
Agreements with
different water users
groups
Project area Consultation with
different water users
groups
DWSS/SSTWSSSP Once during
Design Phase
No extra
cost
required
Employment
generation and increase
in income
Priority to local people
On job training
Number of local
people employed
Number and
effectiveness of on job
training provided
Camp site Consultation with
local people,
employment records
PIU/DSC Monthly No extra
cost
required
Disturbance to
community activities
Traffic Management Plan
will be developed and work
Traffic disturbance
during construction
High traffic
areas
Observation and
Consultation with
DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
41
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
will be conducted as quickly
as possible to minimize
disturbance
Residents will be consulted
and informed about the
disturbances in advance
local people required
Social dispute and
dissatisfaction
Local people will be given
priority for the employment
All the workers will be
instructed to act in a
responsible manner
Prohibition of alcohol,
gambling
Number of conflicts
and social disputes
aroused
Construction
area
Observation,
Consultation with
local people
DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
Occupational Health
and Safety
Provide training to workers
on the potential
occupational health and
safety impacts/hazards and
mitigation measures to be
used during construction
First aid will be kept at hand
in working area
General public will be
excluded from all
construction sites
Insurance will be provided
to the workers
Use of occupational
health and safety
measures, first aid box
at camps and
construction sites,
insurance papers
Construction
sites and camp
sites
Observation and
consultation with
labors and local
people
PIU/DSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
Community Health and
Safety
Required hygienic
conditions will be
maintained in the labor
camps.
Hygienic condition of
the community and
labor camps
Community
and labor
camps
Observation DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
42
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
Drinking water facility and
temporary pit latrine will be
established at construction
sites to control open
defecation and pollution of
water bodies by the
workers.
Awareness related to
community health and
safety to the local people
Table 10: Monitoring Plan and Cost during Operation Phase
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
Improvement in
Health and
Sanitation
Regular operation and
maintenance of the water
supply and sanitation system
Adequacy and
quality of water
supplied and
sanitation system
Users
committe,
individual hh
Consultation with local
people, site observation,
water quality test
DWSS/WUSC/
VDCs
Annually 10,000
Women
empowerment
Health and awareness raising
programmes
Number of
awareness
programs
launched
Women in the
community
Consultation with women
and different
groups/organizations
involved in women
empowerment
WUSC/ VDCs Annually No extra
cost
required
Increment in Local
economy and
commercial
activities
Regular supply of potable
drinking water and sanitation
facility
Increase in
income level,
market
development etc.
Commercial
areas
Site observation,
consultation with local
people
VDCs Annually No extra
cost
required
43
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
Risk of contaminated
water in the
distribution system
Regular testing and
maintenance of the aeration
plant, pressure filter and
chlorinator and testing of
residual chlorine will be
done on a routine basis and
recorded
Regular water quality
monitoring of water of the
distribution system
System staff will be trained
and supervised
Quality of water
supplied from the
water supply
scheme
Trainings
provided to staffs
Water supply
facility
Testing of water quality of
supplied drinking water
Records of training provided
to staffs
DWSS/WUSC Monthly 25,000
Toxic chemical
hazard
Usage, handling and storage
of chlorine will be prescribed
and guidelines developed
First aid measures will be
located in emergencies
Knowledge on
handling toxic
chemicals
including chlorine
Provision of First
aid measures
Water
Treatment
Plant
O&M manual.
O&M records
DWSS/WUSC Once in Three
month
No extra
cost
required
Nuisance from
Sludge Drying Bed
Clay liner and geo
membrane at the bed
Regular O&M of the sludge
beds (lime and pesticide
spreading)
Buffer zone will be provided
around the area and tree
plantation will be done
Installation of
clay liner and geo
membrane at the
bed
Construction of
buffer zone
Area around
sludge drying
bed
Observations
Consultation with locals
DWSS/WUSC Just after
construction of
sludge drying
beds
Monthly
No extra
cost
required
44
8.2 Environmental Procedures and Institutions
176. Responsibility for environmental management associated with the proposed water supply project
involves a number of parties, each with specific responsibilities for particular activities. Main parties
responsible for the implementation of environmental safeguards measures prior to -, during – and
following - proposed water supply project are:
MOUD
DWSS
SSTWSSSP
Project Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC)
Contractor – construction
177. Within this water supply sector, MOUD has the overall responsibility for ensuring whether
environmental safeguards are being respected.
178. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), as the main proponent, has the ultimate
responsibility for the supervision of proposed project including environmental safeguards to be fully
respected. Implementation of proposed water supply project in Rampur and Darcha VDCs will be
under the responsibility of SSTWSSSP which will undertake responsibility including environmental
assessment (study) for the proposed project, provide advice related to environmental augmentation
and mitigation and for monitoring of the implementation in proposed project.
179. Design and Supervision consultant (DSC) has prepared final detailed designs of the proposed
water supply scheme, conducted necessary environmental study, and ensures that EMAP
recommendations are incorporated in the design. DSC will also oversee entire activities of proposed
water supply project including day to day supervision of construction undertaken by the contractor,
making sure environmental safeguards are fully respected as a part of constructions. This will ensure
full compliance of all aspects of work related to EMAP specifications by the contractor, reporting
directly to SSTWSSSP and DWSS.
180. The construction contractor will be responsible for undertaking all project works assigned to him
in accordance with the contract document, including specified conditions in EMAP. Consultant
contractor will prepare an Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) before the work starts
and get it approved. The contractor will work closely with the supervising consultant in order to
ensure that the proposed water supply project works are undertaken according to EMAP specified
standards.
181. The DWSS and MOUD will evaluate the monitoring results, as and when necessary. The Project
intends to invite an independent monitoring team for monitoring implementation of safeguard
measures as indicated in this report. The environmental agencies will have a number of opportunities
to visit and monitor the Project activities as a part of compliance monitoring. Hence, environmental
monitoring is an additional commitment of the Proponent to best implement the mitigation measures
and make the project environment-friendly. DWSS staff will work alongside with the construction
and operation personnel to ensure that the measures and requirements outlined in the EMP are carried
out effectively.
45
MOUD
District Forest Office
District Agriculture
Office
District Irrigation Office
CFC
CDO
DDC/VDCs
District Survey Office
Local consultative Forum
(LCF)
DWSS
SSTWSSSP
Consultant
Contractors
NGOs/CBO
Figure 4: Organization of EMP
8.3 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures
182. Potential Environmental enhancement measures required for this project are Enhancement of
Community Development Services, Women Empowerment, use of local labor and their Skill
enhancement, Enterprise development and business promotion, appreciation of land value and support
to community forests. Mitigation measures for these enhancement measures are already mentioned in
chapter IV. DWSS will be responsible for monitoring with incorporation of Potential Environmental
Enhancement Measures for the Project.
8.4 Reporting Procedure
183. It is necessary to have a mechanism in order to put together the entire mitigation operation plus
the reports on progress and status of all mitigation activities undertaken in the project.
184. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during
construction. The contractor will develop in consultation with supervision consultant an
Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on the EMP provided in the IEE report. The
contractor shall report weekly about the progress of work with safeguard compliances to the
supervision consultant.
185. The supervision consultant then shall ensure that all the procedures and mitigation measures are
being compiled by the contractor. The supervision consultant shall be responsible to check the weekly
progress report of the contractor and conduct field verification to ensure if the mitigation measures as
designed in EMEP are being implemented.
46
186. The supervision consultant shall prepare an environmental monitoring section to be inserted in
the monthly and routine periodic reports based on the weekly status report. The Environmental
Specialist of the PMO will review the status and recommendations and act accordingly to take
corrective measures.
187. Routine progress reports, including biannual and annual reports on the implementation of EMP
will be produced by the PMO on a regular basis and submit to ADB for review. The report should
contain information of all the activities conducted within the given time including the non-
compliances and any corrective measures undertaken.
8.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates
188. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates will be prepared including mitigation measures and EMP
as mentioned in this IEE report. This will make contractors and other stakeholders responsible for
adopting mitigation measures as mentioned in this reoprt.
189. Most of the costs related to the mitigation and monitoring activities are either included in the
construction cost estimates in accordance with the contract specification or covered in the operation
and maintenance costs and thus are not detailed here.
190. Further funds are needed mainly for developing the capacity and facilities of the WUSC for
environmental monitoring and for conducting environmental training and awareness campaigns. The
estimate is presented in the following table.
Table 11: Annual Environmental Cost
S.N Activities Estimated Cost
(NRs.)
Remarks
1 Compensation to loss of vegetation and
support of CFUGs
370,000 During Construction
2 Training on livelihood enhancement 50,000 During construction and
operation periods
3 Environmental Awareness Campaigns 50,000 During construction and
operation periods
4 Buffer zone greenery for sludge drying
bed
100,000
5 Training for WUSC staff 50,000 During operation period
6 Monitoring, water quality testing etc. 100,000
Total 720,000
8.6 Work Plan
191. During the design phase PMO and the DSC should see that mitigation measures are included in
the design and contract documents in compliance with the Environment Protection Act and
Regulations.
192. During the construction phase the parties involved should see that all mitigation measures and
precautions that are required to be taken by the contractor are written explicitly SPSC and WUSC
shall be responsible to see that works carried out by the contractor are according to the contract
documents and mitigation measures are taken accordingly with the overall guidance of DWSO and
PMO.
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193. During the operation phase, DWSO and WUSC should monitor the system for leakage, water
quality, pump maintenance and disease outbreak etc. and a monthly report should be sent to DWSS
via the Regional Directorate.
194. If impacts other than those mentioned in the report are observed, they shall be mitigated at the
project cost.
195. Table 12 shows the proposed implementation schedule for the project:
Table 12: Project implementation schedule
SN Activity 2012 2013 2014
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
1 Feasibility Study and engineering survey
2 Detailed engineering design
3 Quantity, cost & report preparation
4 Screening and ToR preparation for IEE
5 ToR for IEE submission and approval from MoUD
6 Notice publication for IEE and collection of deed
of enquiry
7 Desk review
8 Field survey for data collection
9 Analysis and report writing
10 IEE report review and submission to MoUD and
ADB
11 IEE report approval from MoUD and ADB
12 Implementation of EMP
13 Civil construction work by contractors
14 Environmental monitoring
Note: I - January, February, March
II - April, May, June
III - July, August, September
IV - October, November, December
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CHAPTER IX
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
196. It is expected that the planned water supply and sanitation project for Rampur and Darcha VDCs
will have only minor adverse impacts on the environment which can be easily and cheaply mitigated
through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring during the design, construction and
operation phases.
197. Due to this Project, there will be significant improvement in personal, household and community
hygiene practices, and environmental sanitation thereby increasing the quality of life and community
health.
198. From this IEE, it can be seen that no adverse or harmful impacts of any significance are expected
and hence a full scale EIA is not required. The project falls under Category B (no major
environmental impacts expected) for which only an IEE is required.
49
REFERENCES
ADB (2003): Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Asian Development Bank
ADB (2009): Safeguard Policy Statement. Asian Development Bank
HMG/N (1996): Environmental Protection Act (with amendments). His Majesty‟s Government of
Nepal
HMG/N (1997): Environmental Protection Rules (with amendments). His Majesty‟s Government of
Nepal
Draft Detailed Design Report of Rampur Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Palpa (Batch II,
Package II).
Initial Environmenal Examination (IEE) Report on Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Project, Phidim
Initial Environmenal Examination (IEE) Report on Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Project, Phidim
National EIA Guidelines 2050 B.S.
Uprety, B. K. 2003: Environmental Impact Assessment: Process and Practice.
www.lawcommission.gov.np
Annex I
Approved TOR
Annex II
REA Checklist
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is
to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.
(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are
adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.
(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential
impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: Sector Division:
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
A. Project Siting Is the project area…
Densely populated? √ The project area has rural setting and beside few bazar areas, most of the area has sparse settlement
Heavy with development activities?
√ The service area of the project is newly growing with low development activities
Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?
Cultural heritage site
√ There are no remarkable cultural heritage sites except few newly constructed temples and river bank of Kaligandaki
Protected Area
√ There are no environmentally sensitive areas within the project area
Wetland
√
Mangrove
√
Estuarine
√
Buffer zone of protected area
√
Special area for protecting biodiversity
√
Bay
√
Rampur Small Town Water Supply Project
Water Supply and Sanitation
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…
pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff?
√
impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?
√
hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping?
√ Only sustainable amount of ground water will be extracted
social conflicts arising from displacement of communities ?
√ No communities will be displaced due to project
conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters?
√ Rampur has substantial groundwater reserve
unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)?
√ The raw water quality in the area meets the National Drinking Water Quality Standards except Iron. Only pressure filter will be required for removing iron before distribution
delivery of unsafe water to distribution system?
√ Treated water will be supplied which will be under NDWQS
inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply?
√ The project includes fencing and other protection works of deep tube wells to prevent pollution of water supply, and will be accessible only to authorized persons. The water will also be regularly monitored to ensure only treated water is distributed.
over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?
√ Only sustainable amount of ground water will be extracted so no ground subsidence occurs
excessive algal growth in storage reservoir?
√ Storage reservoirs are only for treated water. The water will be chlorinated and the reservoirs covered to prevent algal growth
increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities?
√
inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants?
√ Disposal of sludge to be done at designated sites as per the EMP.
inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect facilities?
√ 15 m of buffer zone along with plantation has been designed around treatment plants. submersible pumps and noiseless generators will be used
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads?
√ Expected during pipe-relaying but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Good construction practices to mitigate transmission line impairments and to be specified in the EMP. A section-wise approach will also limit impairments to traffic and businesses during construction.
health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.
√ Handling of hazardous materials associated with treatment facilities addressed in the EMP. O&M manual will specifically deal with the handling and storage of chlorine.
health and safety hazards to workers from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during project construction and operation?
√ Personal protective equipment will be provided to workers. Regular training will also be conducted to ensure that workers are aware of the health hazards of chemicals. O&M manual will be developed which will specifically deal with the handling and storage of chlorine and emergency response.
dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?
√ No dislocation or involuntary resettlement is required for the project
disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?
√ The subproject will not affect indigenous peoples or other vulnerable groups. It will be beneficial to women and children as water will be available in their home and fetching water will no more be a problem. The contractor will be encouraged to hire local workers from the local labor force.
noise and dust from construction activities?
√ Expected but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Good construction practices to mitigate noise and dust and to be specified in the EMP.
increased road traffic due to interference of construction activities?
√ Expected but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Traffic management plan to form part of the EMP
continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations?
√ Good construction practices to mitigate soil erosion and silt runoff and to be specified in the EMP.
delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems?
√ Any distributed water to comply with the National Drinking Water Quality Standards and addressed in the EMP
delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals?
√ The O&M manuals will include maintenance schedules and monitoring program.
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
accidental leakage of chlorine gas?
√ Not applicable as calcium hypochlorite will be used in the chlorination process and chlorine gas will not be used.
excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users?
√
competing uses of water?
√ No competing users are noticed
increased sewage flow due to increased water supply
√ Septage will be pumped and treated in sludge drying beds
increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment plant
√
large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?
√ Priority in employment will be given to local residents. Construction contractors will be required to provide a worker’s camp, if required, with basic facilities.
social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?
√ Priority in employment will be given to local residents.
risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?
√ Construction will not involve use of explosives and chemicals.
community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?
√ Construction areas will be clearly demarcated and access controlled. Only workers and project staff will be allowed to visit operational sites.
* Hazards are potentially damaging physical events.
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.
Yes No Remarks
Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?
√ Not applicable
Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g., changes in rainfall patterns disrupt reliability of water supply; sea level rise creates salinity intrusion into proposed water supply source)?
√ Not applicable
Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g.,high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?
√ Not applicable
Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by using water from a vulnerable source that is relied upon by many user groups, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?
√ Not applicable
Annex III
Location Map
Annex IV
Public Notice
Annex V
Deed of Inquiry
Annex VI
Minutes of Public Consultation
Annex VII
Recommendation Letter
Annex VIII
Survey Questionnaire
Annex IX
Water Quality Test Reports
