INGL 4235 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF

ENGLISH AND SPANISH:AN INTRODUCTION

PROF. ANÍBAL MUÑOZ CLAUDIOTUESDAYS & THURSDAYS

3:00-4:20 P.M. ROOM: LCS 101

www1.uprh.edu/animun

OVERVIEW

• TENTATIVE CALENDAR• EVALUATION ACTIVITIES• HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE• HISTORY OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE• THE CA THEORY• THE STRUCTURE OF SOUND SYSTEMS• INTRODUCTION TO GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES• RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY (MUST FOR ESL EDUCATORS)• FINAL RESEARCH PROJECT• OTHER CONSIDERATIONS (references, etc.)

TENTATIVE CALENDAR

DATES TOPIC / ACT.

SEPT 4-6 COURSE INTRODUCTION

/GENERAL OVERVIEW

SEPT 11-13 LINGUISTICS/ CAH/ CA AND

BILINGUALISM / GRAMMAR

SEPT 18-20 ENGLISH –SPANISH PATTERNS

IN PHONOLOGY

SEPT 25-27 PHONEMES, ALLOPHONES, IPA

INTONATION, DIALECTS, ETC.

OCT 2-4 MORPHOSYNTAX / BASIC

SENT. STRUCTURES IN E&S

OCT 9-11 MORPHOSYNTAX /NOUN

PHRASES AND OTHERS

OCT 16-18 CA IN VERB TENSES/ VERB

CONJUGATION

OCT 23-25 CA IN VERB TENSES / MODALS

OCT 30 CA WITH FUNCTION WORDS,

PREP., CONJ. , ARTICLES, ETC.

NOV 1 LEXICAL UNITS; WORDS AND THEIR MEANINGS, ANGLICISMS IN PR, others

NOV 6-8 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY

COGNATES/ HOMOPHONES

NOV 13-15 IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS, COLOCATION WORDS AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

NOV 20 IND. PRESENTATION (2-3) STUDENTS PER CLASS (FE)

NOV 22 THANKSGIVING RECESS

NOV 27-29 IND. PRESENTATION (2-3) STUDENTS PER CLASS

DEC 4 IND. PRESENTATION (2-3) STUDENTS PER CLASS (FE)

DEC 6 IND. PRESENTATION (2-3) STUDENTS PER CLASS (FE)

DEC 11 FINAL EXAM / REACTION PAPERS DUE (FE)

FINAL DAY GROUP RESEARCH PRESENTATION

EVALUATION ACTIVITIES

• CLASS DISCUSSIONS (BASED ON HOMEWORK)

• QUIZZES (SPORADIC)

• INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH/CRITIQUE/ORAL PRESENTATION ON SCHOLARLY ARTICLE (CA, others)

• REACTION PAPERS (2)• EXAM –TERMINOLOGY (FINAL

OR INDIVIDUAL)• FINAL (GROUP) RESEARCH

PROJECT

GRADING SYSTEM

90-100 = A80- 89 = B70- 79 = C60- 69 = D 0- 59 = F

CUMULATIVE POINTS

HISTORY OF ENGLISH and SPANISH LANGUAGES: DIFFERENT

IDIOSYNCRASIESVERY CONVENIENT SITES1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

/Indo-European_Languages

2. http://www.englishclub.com/english-what.htm

(video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQS699ThBdI

3. http://www.alsintl.com/languages/Spanish.shtml

4. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/Romance_languages.PNG

INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

Germanic languages

Others Iranian, etc. Latin

Romance languagesFrench, Italian, etc.

Ibero-romance

SPANISH

Old English

Modern English

CA THEORY

• Language patterns and perceptual processes

• Why do languages differ?

• CAH (strong & weak versions)• Wardhaugh (1974) "pseudo-procedure“

• A COLLECTION OF THEORIES (L1, L2 THEORIES) HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

SITE: http://bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk/chimp/langac/LECTURE10/10fra2.htm

• Spoken language and written language

• Articulation (phonemes/allophones)

• Lexicon (anglicisms, idioms, etc.)

• New tendencies (World Englishes)

The Structure of Sound Systems

• Articulation of consonants and vowels

• English alphabet • Spanish alphabet• IPA (phonetic

symbols)• Optional and

obligatory choices• Stress, rhythm, and

intonation patterns

•

Introduction to Grammatical Structures

The grammar of a language is a complex set of systems that may be analyzed and studied on these three levels: (Noam Chomsky’s, 1966)(UG)

1. Phonology -set of sounds/ symbols2. Morphology -combinations of sounds that

make up single units of meaning

3. Syntax -how single units of meaning (lexical units) combine to form words, phrases and sentences.

Parts of Speech

• The matrix PPP: www1uprh.edu/animun• Sentence constituents• Word classes and morphological characteristics• Noun phrases• Verb phrases• Verb conjugation• Modals (auxiliary verbs)• Capitalization and punctuation rules• Complex and compund sentences• Lexical differences• Other grammatical aspects

Relevant Terminology– Grammar –(see previous slide)– Linguistics –systematic study of language (development of L theories)– Phonology-scientific study of the pattern of speech sounds in a language– Morphology-scientific study of the structure of words (derivation/inflection)– Syntax-organization of words in sentences– Phonemes- the smallest phonetic unit / a speech sound– Allophones-different forms that a phoneme can take– optional choices- lexical units or words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)– obligatory choices –function words (conjuctions, prepositions, etc.)– Dialects – a regional variety of a language (voc., grammar, pronunciation)– Homonyms – words with same spelling or sound (rest/rest)– Homophones- words with same pronunciation/different meaning

(break/brake)– Anglicisms-English words or variations used in another language– Affixation-addition of prefixes, suffixes, to create a new word or inflections– Intonation-pitch of the voice / the rising or falling pitch of voice– Sentence constituents- words, phrases, or clauses of sentences– Lexical units- words that carry meaning (lexicon): nouns, etc.– noun phrase, verb phrase, etc. –sentence constituents– Lexicon- meaning of the word

Final Research Project (Group work)300 POINTS

1. RECONSTRUCT IT (FORMAT & STYLE, ETC.)

2. RESEARCH AND ADD ALL NEW OFFICIAL VERBS

3. TRANSLATE ACCORDINGLY (CA –ENGLISH AND SPANISH)

4. ADD MODALS (AUX. VERBS) CHART5. REVISE AND EDIT6. PROVIDE AN ORIGINAL COVER SHEET

(YOUR NAMES), INTRODUCTION (USEFULNESS, ETC.)TABLE OF CONTENTS, AND REFERENCE PAGE

7. MAKE PHOTOCOPIES8. PRESENT IT (CONFERENCE STYLE) (ESL FORUMS: UPRH ENG. DEPT., TESOL, ESA,

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, ETC.)

VERB

TENSES

DOCUMENT

References

James, C., (1980). Contrastive analysis

Nash, R., (1978) Readings in Spanish-English

Contrastive Linguistics