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60 Soruluk Test

1 The train to paris ................. at 6.45 am.A) leaves B) is leaving C) leave

2 He ............ TV. When the phone rang.

A)watches B) has watched C)was watching3 Mary.................. for four years before she became a lawyer.A)has studied B) is studying C)had been studying

4 Anna is from Paris but ........................in London for two years.A) lives B) is living C) has lived

5 I .................. Julie yet.A) havent seen B) didnt see C) dont see

6 Tommy is sweaty; he .................football for hours.A) played B) has been playing C) had played

7 While Mum was cooking dinner, Julie .....................the houseA) was cleaning B) has cleaned C) cleans

8 He went to bed after the film...................A) has ended B) had ended C)ends

9 She has been eating a lot lately; I think she..............weightA) puts on B) put on C) has put on

10 He usually ...................by train.A)has travelled B) travels C) is travelling

11 He filled in his name, signed the contract and......................it to the secratery.A) gave B) has given C) had given

12 He was soaked to the skin because he ....................... in the rainA) walked B) is walking C) had been raining

13 She took her raincoat as it..................A) was raining B) is raining C) has been raining

14 Her eyes are red because she ...................onionsA) peeled B) has been peeling

15 He ....................in this house for five month.A) is living B) was living C) has been living

16 Joseph ...................... in the garden since eight this morning.A) has dug B) has been digging C)is digging

17 She ................. the news when I saw herA) didnt hear B) works C) has worked

18 John ...................as awaiter until he finds a better jobA) is working B) works C) has worked


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19 .................. this newfilm yet.A) do you see B) have you seen C) r u seeing

20 Tim was ironing while Marie ...................... telvision.A) had been watching B) was watching C) watched

21-Ann .............. an hour ago.A)had called B)has called C)called

22-How long is it since he .....................A)had left B)left C)leaves

23-She ................. two rooms so far.A)cleans B)has cleaned C)cleaned

24-The bamb exploded as they ........... the road.A)were crosing B)cross C)has crossed

25-She has been in NewYork ....................... May.A)after B)since C)for

26-He ........... a bath at the moment.A)has B)has had C)is having

27-He .............. to Rome every month.A)is travelling B)travels C)traveling

28-Paul ............... in Munih for two weeks by next Monday.A)will be B)will have been C)is going to be

29-She .................... her grandperents this month.A)wasnt visiting B)hadnt visited C)hasnt visited

30-Its two years since Steve last .............. football.A)played B)had played C)was playing26.11.2001 monday

31-John ............ letters since here came in this morning.A)was typing B)typed C)has been typing

32-The children ..... cartoons when father came.(baba geldiinde ocuklar izgifilmseyrediyorlard)A)have watched B)were watching C)watched

33-The dinner Sheilla ...... for us last night was delicious.( delicious=lezzetli)

A)was cooking B)cooked C)has been cooking

34-They............. in Manchester since 1994.(Onlar 1994 den beri Manchester dayayorlar)A)were living B)lived C)has been living

35-She ... hard all day and now she is exhausted.( exhausted=bitkin)A)was working B)worked C) has been working


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36-Paul eats too much.He ... on weight.(put on weight= kilo almak)A)was putting B)put C)has put

37-The helicopter ............. over the forest when we saw it.(forest=orman)A)was flying B)flew C)has been flying38-Peter is very rich ,he . three limousines.

A)owns B)is owning C)has owned39-Peter .... a shower when the phone rang.(telefon aldnda Peter banyoyapyordu)A)had B)has had C)was having

40-Carl ...... his homework now he can play with his friends.A)was finishing B)has finished C)finishes

41-Jim was exhausted because he .... all dayA)was wolking B)had been walking C)had walked

42-Karen ........ to Indio two years ago.(Karen Indiodan 2 yl nce ayrld)A)had gone B)went C)was going

43-By 5 oclock,he ......... two letters.(Saat 5 te 2 mektup yazm olacam.)A)will have written B)will have been writing C)will write

44-Tom ... very hard this month(Tom bu ay ok sk alt.)A)works B) had worked C) has worked

45-I ........ typing the letter yet.(Mektubu daktilo etmeyi henz bitirmedim)A)have finished B) havent finished C) didnt finished

46-Peter was angry because he ... bus.(Peter sinirliydi nk otobs karm.)A)has missed B)had missed C)misses

47-He ....... for London tomorrow morning.(O yarn sabah Londradan geliyor.)A)has been leaving B)has left C)is leaving

48-This time next month I ......... in Cannes.(Gelecek ay bu zamanlar Cannestegneleniyor olacam)A)will sunbathe B)will be sunbathing C)will have sunbathed

49-I cant see you tonight because I ..... with Tina. (Bu akam senlegremiycemiTinayla yemek yiycem)A)have B)was having C)am having

50-He . to Paris ten days ago.(O Paristen 10 gn nce geldi.)A)had come B)came C)has come

51-I .... an hour ago and Im still waiting for my friend.(1 saat nce geldim ve halaarkadam bekliyorum)A)was arriving B)have arrived C)arrived

52-I .... you for ages!A)didnt see B)havent seen C)saw

53-Next year Jack ...... at Oxford University.(Jack gelecek yl Oxford nv. okuyor


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olacak.)A)will have studied B)will be studying C) will have been studying

54-His hands were dirty,because he ...... in the garden.(Onun elleri kirli nkbahede alm.)A)has been working B)had been working C)will be working

55-David .. with us next ChristmasA)is staying B)stays C)was staying

56-They .......... to the countryside two years ago.A)will move B)moved C)are moving

57-He .... all his money now he cant pay his rent.A)has spent B)will spend C)is spending

58-By December I ........... as a teacher for ten years.A)will have been working B)will be working C)am going to work

59-How long ago .... taking driving lessons?A)have you started B)did you start C)had you started

60-He ..... for this firm for three years before he was given a promation.A)had been working B)has been working C)is workingCEVAPLAR(a-c-c-c-a-b-a-b-c-b-a-c-a-b-c-b-c-a-b-b-c-b-b-a-b-c-b-b-c-a-c-b-b-b-a-b-a-a-b-a)

154 Soruluk Test

Find the sentence for the blank that covers the meaning1- Though generally marked by brief attention periods, nearly all 5-8 year old boyslove to fish. Considering the quiet patience successful fishing demands, this is astunning phenomenon. But, unfortunately, this restrained anticipation is notalways rewarded with a catch.A)Fishing is a popular sport because anyone can engage in it, regardless of age, sexor incomeB)Not every boy, of course, will fit the pattern - some may quickly get bored with theactivityC)Perhaps it is the constant possibility of catching something which keeps theminterestedD)The term still fishing refers to the technique of catching fish without moving fromone spotE)The fisherman must always be prepared to leap from his quiet waiting into action

2-. . We know, for example, that at noon in New York, it will always be five

in the afternoon in London. But this is actually a recent development, only 150 yearsago, every town and hamlet set their own clocks: judging noon by the local apex ofthe sun's daily climb. It was the arrival of the railroad which made a coordinatedsystem necessary, as a time difference of only a few minutes between cities mightcause a collision.A)It is not always easy to keep track of the time in this global economyB)The world is divided into 24 time zones, and the width of each is about 15 degreeslongitudeC)Without accurate time keeping, there could be no modern world


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D)The railroad brought many more changes than just faster transportationE)Today almost all of us are aware of the worldwide system of time zones

3-. . Because of this lack of foresight, there will be huge problems after thelast day of the year 1999 if no solutions have been found by then. Many computerswill be unable to interpret dates past that date. For example, the year 2000, shown

as "00," will be read as 1900.A)To save memory, computer programmers originally represented years by the lasttwo digitsB)For all their apparent complexity, digital computers are basically simple machinesC)The cost of fixing the worlds computers in time for the millennium may approach$1 trillionD)Programs, also called software, are detailed sequences of instructions directing thecomputer hardware to perform operationsE)Programmers are hard at work fixing the so-called "millennium bug" before itcauses damage

4- : "four bedrooms"; "lots of storage space"; "close to my work"; "low rent"; "aquiet neighbourhood"; "a big yard"; "a scenic view"; and so on. This is because tomost people, housing quality obviously means more than simply shelter.A)Many people prefer to have the front door open into an entrance hallwayB)Up to the 1930s, it was considered essential to have a separate dining room in ahouseC)When people are asked what kind of housing they want, the question evokes avariety of answersD)A vital feature of any house is its accessibility to the occupant's place of work, tostores and schoolsE)The quality of housing available to an individual, a couple or a larger familyultimately depends on their Income

5- The first practical photographic process that produced lasting pictures wasinvented by Louis Jacques-Mande Daguerre, a French painter and physicist. For hisinvention, he was appointed an officer of the Legion of Honor, and the Frenchgovernment published his process and granted him 6.000 francs annually. .,and were among the earliest photographic portraits.A)George Eastman was another pioneer in the field of photographyB)He used this method to take many photographs of his wifeC)He took pictures of many of the most famous people in FranceD)Prints made by this process were known as daguerreotypesE)The process has not been used for well over one hundred years, however

6-Teaching children to swim at an early age is not only something the kids will enjoy,but vital to their general safety. With so many backyard swimming pools, rivers andreservoirs scattered about urban areas, the chances a child may accidentally fall intoa body of water are high .. .A)Thus, it's best to prepare for such an event by making sure your child will have the

skills to save himselfB)These are all good places to have a swim, so it is important that children learn howand enjoy the opportunitiesC)Even people who know how to swim can be at risk of drowningD)A good swimmer will be able to avoid such accidentsE)These situations, however, are usually not dangerous: In fact. They can be funny

7- While the invention of e-mail certainly has many advantages, the world surely missthe pleasure of old fashioned letters in the mail. A hand written letter has a personal


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touch an electronic message could never achieve. Each personal letter is unique: thepaper, the handwriting, the stamps. And, when they arrive, it's as though they have ahistory. .. . But e-mails lack this. They don't feel as though they have travelledanywhere. They just appear as if they've come out of thin air.A)Computers are used daily by many individuals for the main purposes of sendingand receiving e-mail

B)A posted letter feels like a real, physical connection between the sender andreceiverC)The older a posted letter is, the more precious it becomesD)It takes posted letters longer to arrive, but it is most definitely worth the waitE)You know a posted letter has made a long, and perhaps eventful, journey to yourdoor

8- In human beings, instinct reveals itself in such things as self-protection in the faceof attack. . . They, for instance, build their nests entirely by instinct. Moredramatic, perhaps, is the instinct that compels many species of bird to migrate. Howthis process works remains a mystery.A)The eagle is known to have a sharp sense of instinctB)In other animals, however, instinct plays a much larger role, as in the case of birdsC)Instinct requires no instruction, and even the smallest animal is instinctiveD)Birds, insects, mammals - all animal life forms rely on their instinct.E)This is an inherited form of behaviour, common to all forms of animal

9- The mosquito is an insect belonging to the fly family and found in most parts of theworld. Its eggs are laid and hatched in stagnant water. . Likewise, another typeis responsible for yellow fever.A)The eggs are often laid in swamps or marshesB)Like many insects, they can transmit diseasesC)One species of tropical mosquito transmits malariaD)Mosquitoes should be controlled to prevent diseaseE)Mosquito-transmitted diseases differ in their geographic distribution, specificcauses and effects

10- . .Figure skating includes jumps and spins performed to music and the freeskating event allows freedom of expression and interpretation. Speed skatinginvolves races of various distances from 500 m to 10.000 m. Ice skating is alsoincluded in the Winter Olympics.A)The Winter Olympics are held every four years and include a variety of eventsB)People can enjoy many different types of winter sports, from skiing to skatingC)Ordinary people may think it extremely difficult to perform all those figures on iceD)There are two kinds of competitive ice-skating: figure skating and speed skatingE)Skaters who have previously studied dance find that it helps them enormously

11-Fear of the number 13 has long been a superstition. Its roots are religious. At theLast Supper of Jesus and his disciples, there were 13 persons, one of whom was

Judas, the traitor. Today many tall buildings omit a numbered 13th floor, skipping

instead from 12 to 14, Nevertheless, the trick seems to be enough toreassure people that they are safe from bad luck.

A) Avoidance of black cats has religious origins as wellB)This does not make any difference for the blind, thoughC) Seeing a black cat is also believed to bring bad luckD) In such buildings, accidents and have been shown to be less frequentE) This practice obviously can't really eliminate the thirteenth floor


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12- Lightships are aids to navigation, similar in function to lighthouses. They cameinto use in the 17th century in places where it was not practical to build a lighthouse.Modern lightships are steel vessels about 35 metres long . Some lightships,however, those equipped with automatic devices, require no time crew onboard.

A)They are most suitable for sheltered waters where high-powered illumination is notnecessaryB)Usually they are manned by a crew of about seven, and carry all the equipmentstandard to a lighthouseC)Because lightships are often located in remote places, the power used to operatethem is usually derived from diesel generatorsD)To increase light intensity and focus it into a beam, mirrors and other reflectorscame into use in the 18th centuryE)Modern lighthouses have reflectors, as well as lenses and prisms, to carry the lightfarther

13-People of all ages in nearly every country where there is mountainous terrainenjoy the unique appeal of skiing. It is one of the few sports that enable people tomove at high rates of speed without any power-producing device. Withthe world's top athletes reaching speeds over 80 mph in the downhill, it is no wonderserious injuries are common.

A)Yet female skiers are actually less liable to injury than males, although they gethurt occasionallyB)Actually, it is rather miraculous that fatal injuries are extremely rareC)In its simplest form, skiing is sliding down a snow-covered slope on a Pair of long,slim runners called skisD)However, it can be a very dangerous sport, particularly at the professional levelE)Just recently American skier Peekabo Street suffered a broken leg during acompetition

14-In recent years, "supermarkets" and the even larger "hypermarkets" have spreadacross the landscape.. . Not everyone agrees, though, that they are a goodthing. Those who object to these vast stores point to increased traffic caused not onlyby delivery trucks but also by cars travelling to them. They are also blamed for thedestruction of local business and the resulting decline in town centres.

A)They are extremely inconvenient for people who do not have carsB)As competition has become keener, supermarkets have added specialty shops, likesmall bakeries into their storesC)Everything today seems to be called "super-", so the word is losing any realmeaningD)A variation on the supermarket is the box store, which sells products directly out ofcartonsE)They are popular because they provide a great variety of products, and are

generally cheaper than traditional shops

15- In the bronze age, the time of the Trojan Wars, ships seldom ventured out ofsight of land because they had large crews to man the oars, and little space forprovisions or sleeping. Nor were they able to withstand heavy weather, and theircaptains did not know how to find their way without landmarks to guide them... . Thus, the crew would cook, eat and sleep ashore.A) The Polynesians were far ahead of the Europeans, being able to find their wayguided by the stars


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B) Occasionally a storm would take them far from land, and then, it was regarded asa disasterC) For these reasons, they had to stop in a harbour very frequentlyD) This means that they were often able to cover huge distances in a short timeE) However, because they had oars, they could still progress in light or strong winds

16-Typing is the most basic skill of the information-based economy. Those withtyping skills, which can be acquired through a relatively basic course, are virtuallyassured of employment, though the pay may be low. .. . This, obviously,requires more extensive education.A) The newest printing method in the industry is computerised, or electronic, printingB) Combined with knowledge of computer programs, good typing skills can get one ahigh paying jobC) The electronic typewriter is similar in appearance to the manual machinesD) Typing can also be very useful in your personal life, helping with letters andreportsE) Yet many people may think that a low paying job is better than being unemployed

17-In recent years there has been a lot of discussion about how to improve theAmerican educational system, because the shocking fact is that many youngAmericans leave schools even without the ability to read or write. One idea has beento try to copy from Japan, where students always score highly on international tests. . Traditionally, for example, Japanese respect their teachers greatly, whereasin the United States, teachers are not highly regarded.A) If this works, it could save money as well, since class sizes are much larger in

JapanB) Yet, this idea ignores the simple fact that the Japanese educational success islargely based on cultural standardsC) Parts of Britain, especially the inner city areas, have also experienced a decline ineducational standardsD) One flaw in this argument is that Japan is a largely homogeneous society, whilethe United States is increasingly multi-culturalE) Perhaps it is simply because the Japanese language is so difficult to read that thestudents need more self-discipline

18-You may feel perfectly fine until it rises to a certain extent. But when yourcholesterol sneaks up above a desirable level, you are at risk of having a heartattack, heart disease, or a stroke. what can you do? In fact, once you are aware ofthe problem, it is quite easy to keep your cholesterol level under control through acarey followed diet plan.A)If you eat a lot of fast foods, you can't say that you are eating healthilyB)Most people choose to eat food for taste rather than for their healthC)Cholesterol testing usually requires no preparation, but sometimes you may haveto go hungry beforehandD)It is not difficult to lose weight provided you apply a little self-disciplineE)A high cholesterol level is something you cannot see or hear

19-Most babies begin to use a few sounds that mean something when they are abouta year old. However, there are perfectly normal children who wait monthslonger. .......... . A friendly, outgoing baby just naturally wants to talk young. Thequiet, observer type seems to want to spend a long time just watching the world goby before he or she wants to say anything about it.A)If a baby doesn't start talking at about one year old, it is probably not very brightB)It's now accepted that foreign languages should be taught to children from the ageof five


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C)It seems to be largely a matter of character and personalityD)Some children start walking without ever learning to crawlE)It does not matter because soon they will be talking so much that parents will wishthey would be quiet

20-.......... The fall of snow in Tokyo provides a good example for this. There, one or

two centimetres of snow is enough to shut down the entire city. Yet just a couple ofhours away on the other side of the mountains, everyone lives with two or threemetres of snow for most of the winter, and life goes on as usual.A)Many Japanese think theirs is the only country in the world to have four seasonsB)Though most people take their holidays in the summer a lot of people prefer awinter holidayC)Skiing is now one of the world's fastest growing sportsD)It is strange the way people have difficulty in coping with what they are not used toE)Though Tokyo winters are cold, the weather is normally clear and dry

21-Mobile phones are used by one in five people in Britain. They are an accepted partof life in the 1990s. However, mobile phones are now beginning to suffer from animage problem after a series of scare stories linking them with cancer and short-termmemory loss. Researchers are rushing to complete studies of the effects of mobileson human brain tissue . . The truth is that nobody really knows as yetbecause research has not been completed.A)They are probably even more popular in the Far East than in Britain and the US.B)Manufacturers are trying to give their product a more stylish image to detract fromthe scare storiesC)One wonders how people communicated in the days before the invention of themobile phoneD)But once' people have got used to their comfort, it is so difficult to do without themE)There is now the question of how safe mobile phones are

22-When we look at the night sky. It seems that the planets are always changingtheir positions while the stars appear to be fixed. . One star, for example,though it actually moves quite fast, would take over two hundred years to move adistance equal to the diameter of the Earth's moon. It is only when we compare therecords ancient peoples kept of the skies with the present day that we can see thestars really do move.A)Planets also seem to have a steady light, while stars twinkleB)In fact, stars are always moving, but they are so far away that we cannot see anychange in their positionC)Astronomers can only estimate the total number of stars in the universeD)Distance cannot be learned from a star's magnitude alone, because its magnitudedepends upon its size and brightness as wellE)Talking about star signs is often a good way to begin a conversation with a stranger

23- Several years ago, two British backpackers were among the forty-sevenpassengers who survived the hijack and crash of a flight from Addis Ababa to Nairobi.

They never saw their hijackers, and did not know if they were killed in the crash orwere among the survivors. The travellers were both severely injured, so theywent on from India to Australia, then to South America, as they had initially planned.A)It would be ironic, of course, if the hijackers turned out to have survived after allB)They were a little discouraged as they knew that hijacking like this were quitecommon in the regionC)But the two young women decided to complete their travels once their wounds hadhealedD)It was quite a big disaster, though, because there were 127 people on board, of


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whom only 47 survivedE)This experience alone would have been enough to stop them from travelling further

24-In todays society, where many occupations do not involve physical activity,staying healthy is often difficult,. .However, maintaining one's health is not allthat easy. Although health- conscious people may exercise or diet seriously for a

certain length of time, many of them lose motivation and stop.A)Many people suffer from ailments that would have been unknown to our ancestorsB)People who are healthy achieve this in a number of different waysC)A little common sense seems to be all that is needed in order to remain healthyD)Doctors are overwhelmed with people whose complaints they sometimes havetrouble taking seriouslyE)The effects of stress on the body were hardly acknowledged until quite recently

25-We live in an era when television has become the national pastime. Since theinvention of the TV, people have been spending more free time watching it thandoing anything else. Some TV addicts defend this by claiming that people can learn agreat deal from watching TV.. .They also contend that, with cable and satellitecompanies increasing their share of the market, it is now a waste of money as well.A)Until recently we could watch major sporting events free of charge and without theneed for special equipmentB)The heavyweight boxing championship is an event that is no longer on livetelevisionC)In fact some of the d6cumentaries and nature programs are very educationalD)Others argue that watching television simply robs people of their valuable timeE)Educational programs are often on at odd hours, so you need a video to recordthem

26- . Of them, a well-trained doctor will select the best that will cure a particularillness of a patient. Sometimes there are some points to consider even within thesame method. The use of an antibiotic such as penicillin may be the best treatmentfor a particular infectious disease, for example, but it would not be the ideal therapyfor someone allergic to penicillin. Then he would have to choose another antibiotic totreat the disease.A) Medicine has changed greatly in the last 100 yearsB) Doctors are not equally distributed throughout a countryC) Early medicine did not have the professional status it now doesD) Certain types of laboratory work can be done by medical techniciansE) There are many methods of treating disease

27-A number of farmers and gardeners today have taken up what is called organicfarming and gardening, which means growing plants and vegetables without usingman-made chemicals. A good example of how this works is the use of ladybugs tocontrol aphids,..By introducing ladybugs into their gardens, however, whichlove to eat aphids, farmers can get rid of these harmful bugs without causing anyharm to the good ones.

A) Another friendly insect, the honeybee, is the most efficient way of spreadingpollenB) Children love to play with ladybugs, and never hurt themC) People also say that fruit and vegetables grown organically taste betterD) There are many kinds of aphids, but most feed exclusively on a particular crop,weed or treeE) Using an insecticide would also kill harmless insects alongside them

28-In 1846, an Italian chemist named Asciano Sobrero produced the first nitro-


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glycerine. When he heated a drop of it, it produced a large explosion. . .Of coursehis noble gesture did no good at all. Other scientists followed up his research, andhigh explosives were being used in warfare by the end of the 19th century.A)He immediately realised that this chemical could be used to produce weapons ofmass destruction and stopped his researchB)Realising its potential for warfare, he was intelligent enough to make a fortune

from itC)His research into how to produce this chemical in large quantities makes him oneof history's most evil scientistsD)It is dreadful to think that about 100 gallons of gas are produced by only one ounceof nitro-glycerineE)This, of course, was nothing compared to the explosives that would be developedin the 20th century

29-If we think of the Neanderthal man at all, we tend to think of an ape-like creature,ugly and low in intelligence. In fact this distant ancestor of ours was more intelligentand accomplished than is generally acknowledged. He made tools such as stoneknives, flint balls and scrapers that were not only useful, but also beautiful. It wasalso the Neanderthal man who first developed the use of mineral colours, the firstsign of mankind's inherent artistic sense. This suggests that there were thebeginnings of a complex religious system.A)Some of their paintings were scenes of hunting and other aspects of daily lifeB)Remains of these early humans were first found in 1856 in the Neander Valley inGermanyC)These factors point out Just how ski fled materially this underrated ancestor of oursactually wasD)Neanderthal settlements continued to exist side by side with later groups such asthe Cro-magnon manE)Perhaps most surprising Is the ceremonial way In which the dead were buried

30-.. because, after centuries of scientific stagnation, there were suddenly anumber of new inventions and discoveries. It was early in the century, for example,that Galileo perfected the telescope and reported on his observations of the heavenlybodies. Still early in the century, William Harvey discovered the way in which bloodcirculates in humans and other animals. But possibly the greatest scientist of thecentury was Isaac Newton, who discovered the laws of gravity and those governingphysics and light.A) It is impossible to imagine astronomy without the telescopeB) The individual inventive effort of past years is now largely replaced by organisedresearchC) It was not until the invention of the steam engine that Industrial Revolutionbecame a real possibilityD) For the scientist, seventeenth century Europe must have been an exciting timeand placeE) Many of the "discoveries" that the West took credit for had long been known to theArabs

31-In most traditional societies, nothing goes to waste. For example, some nomadicsocieties live almost entirely on the products of their animals. They burn the drieddung for fuel, drink the milk, clothe themselves in the hides and furs, and eat themeat. . One of the more shocking statistics is that every five years, theaverage westerner throws away an amount of waste equal to the weight of theStatue of Liberty.A)Some extreme environmentalists feel that we should all go back to living in thatway


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B)By contrast, in western consumer-oriented societies, sometimes more is thrownaway than is usedC)Furthermore, since they are always on the move, they are careful not to over-usethe landD)In spite of this way of life that is in harmony with nature, nomads are being forcedto settle down in many countries

E)On the other hand, most of today's societies manufacture almost everything theyuse

32-..for his father spoke only English, Gaelic was James's mother tongue.English always felt flat and harsh, like daylight after night-fishing, but his mothermade sure he was as proficient as a little prince, for they were part of the BritishEmpire and he had his way to make.A)Like his father, James spoke a number of languages, including Gaelic and FrenchB)It used to make his father angry when James and his mother spoke Gaelic togetherC)When it came to the ability for speaking languages, James took after his fatherD)In colonial Nova Scotia, which was settled by Scots, Gaelic was the local languageE)When James was angry at his mother, he used to speak in Gaelic to his father

33-The social scientist Talcott Parsons developed the "Role-Model Theory", whichmeant a boy would follow his father for his role model, while a girl would follow hermother. It soon became apparent, however, that this theory was inadequate. In the1970s, for example, when young girls whose mothers were doctors were surveyed,they would often declare that doctors were boys and nurses were girls. .These examples showed that most children looked outside the home for their rolemodels.A)On the other hand, most radical feminists seemed to have mothers who werehousewivesB)Often such outrageous figures as Madonna become role modelsC)Socially most people are members of a group they perceive as "family"D)Children inherit two separate bloodlines at birth- the mother's and the father'sE)In contrast, all boys wanted to be just like their fathers

34-As far as mankind is concerned, the zebra is one of the most useless animals inexistence. . . Though they run wild and have much the same diet as edibleanimals like the eland and gazelle, their meat tastes too awful to be eaten. Thoughtheir stripped hide is beautiful to look at, it is not strong or durable enough to be putto any use.A) While the zebra lives in Africa, there is a similar animal, in the Tibetan PlateauB) Horses, on the other hand, have been domesticated since before recorded historyC) They are shaped like donkeys, but refuse to be trained, and simply will not workD) Since all zoos have zebras, everyone knows what they look likeE) Even so, they are a big tourist attraction in the game parks of Africa35-Cocoa is a product of Theobroma cacao, a small tree originally found in tropicalAmerica. It flowers directly from the trunk and branches, and has fruits containing 40-60 seeds. . . At the end of all these processes, raw or bitter chocolate is

produced.A)These seeds are the raw material from which chocolate is madeB)The ripe seeds are fermented, dried, roasted and ground to a pasteC)About 1 million tons of cocoa a year is produced in Africa and BrazilD)In the 1800s, eating chocolate and powdered cocoa were developedE)To make chocolate, cocoa butter has to be added to balance the sugar

36-. . It affects eight percent of men and one in two hundred and fifty women.It is particularly troublesome when individuals cannot distinguish between red and


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green - the colours of traffic lights.A)Acute alcoholism is a serious problem in the northern part of AustraliaB)The origins of the colours used in traffic signals is difficult to traceC)While some people think green is a beautiful colour, others prefer redD)Colour blindness is an inherited condition affecting the ability to see coloursE)Persistent headaches and blurred vision are symptoms that may indicate serious

eye disorders37- . Both are derived from the Greek term for city-state and have to do withthe administration and oversight of communities of people. Police operations varyfrom nation to nation. In some states, police forces arc highly militarised and nearlyindistinguishable from the armed forces.A)The words 'police' and 'politics' are relatedB)Police forces are part of the criminal justice systemC)Interpol has caught thousands of international criminalsD)Many of the regulatory powers of government involve some kind of policing activityE)Many countries have centralised, or national, police organisations

38-Janissaries were the elite troops of the Ottoman Army and were founded in the14th century. . . From the 17th century onward, however, Muslims wererecruited as well, and they became a powerful and influential force in the empireuntil they were massacred by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826.A)The strong Islamic beliefs of the troops made them a powerful armyB)In the early 19th century, they tried to overthrow the reigning SultanC)The boys were chosen at a young age and taken away from their familiesD)They lived in a special barracks inside' the walls of Topkapi PalaceE)Originally, they were recruited from Christian boys and captives of war

39-The Kani people belong to one of the poorest tribes in the southern Indian state ofKerala. These rain-forest dwellers live in fragile shacks. Each night they sleep withthe fear that a passing herd of wild elephants could trample them to death. . .

They believe that they are the descendants of the chief physician of the gods, andthat his wisdom of healing has been passed down to them through the ages.A)Elephants are not normally dangerous animals unless provokedB)But even in poverty, the Kanis have not forgotten their mythical pastC)India has many such tribes with no traditions or even oral historyD)As you can imagine, this makes it hard to get a good night's sleepE)It is interesting that, though largely Christian, Kerala had the world's first electedCommunist government

40-. . By translating the results of scientific, experiments into mathematicalterms, it is possible to develop assumptions and formulae for general application.Further experimentation is often suggested in this process. In this way, mathematicsclarifies and furthers knowledge of the physical world.

A)The introduction of the decimal system into Europe greatly advanced the field of

mathematicsB)Mathematics has become an essential tool in all sciences for the development oftheoryC)Mathematics is the study of numbers and their logical relationships with each otherD)Though interesting in its own right, mathematics has few uses outside the realm ofaccountingE)Arithmetic is the most ancient form of mathematics, and was known to theEgyptians


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41-An overweight person beyond the age of forty, who has a family history ofdiabetes, fails in the high-risk category for contracting this disease. . . Whenboth parents are diabetic, however, the risk is even higher, and some authoritiesbelieve all such children will be diabetic.

A)Diabetes may occur in a child under the age of ten, but most develop it at a later

ageB)Diabetes occurs during the lifetime of 4 percent of women and 2 percent of menC)Diabetes is diagnosed with a glucose-tolerance testD)The correct diet is essential for all people with diabetesE)A child born to one diabetic parent has a one-in-four chance of becoming diabetic

42-There is no trace of the violent event that happened on that cold winter's nightover six months ago, as the meteorite came thundering down through the heavens.But then again, this place seems to be able to withstand a nuclear blast without anydamage. , but we are determined to find it because we know it liessomewhere upon this great glacier of central Greenland.

A)The large, dense objects that survive the fall to the Earth are called meteoritesB)Greenland is subject to intense cold and terrible blizzardsC)A meteorite fr6m Mars that fell to the Earth 13,000 years ago was found inAntarcticaD)Glaciers flow from Greenland's icy mountains and discharge a billion tons of iceinto the sea every yearE)The remnants of the meteorite could be hiding anywhere in this endless sea of iceand snow

43- . The letters have no meaning, but in Morse code the combination has apronounced rhythm which attracts immediate attention. All ships observe two silenceperiods every hour, listening on certain frequencies to ensure that any distresssignal, however weak, will be picked up.A)Letters were sent between various naval bodies on the subject of safetyB) S.O.S. is the international distress call for use in wireless telegraphyC)The word 'Mayday,' is derived from the French and means 'Help me'D)Distress signals are sent on 500-metre or 2000-metre wavelengthE)Sailors of all nationalities agree they will help anyone in trouble at sea

44-It is ironic that the great nuclear powers of the world, the United States andRussia, have made themselves crusaders against the further expansion of nuclearweaponry. They've already got the power, so naturally they have no interest insharing their nuclear technology with other nations. . . Therefore, though theirefforts are self-serving and thus do not deserve praise, in practice they must besupported.A)However, the great powers themselves have taken significant steps towardsreducing the nuclear threatB)The real nuclear threat comes not from poor nations, but from the Russian and

American stockpiles of nuclear missilesC)Thus, the great powers should abandon their hypocrisy and stop interfering in theaffairs of other nationsD)It is thus no ordinary person's best interest that the world see any decrease in thenuclear threatE)Besides, nuclear bombs are good for no one. and they should all be dismantledstraight-away

45-. . Cave paintings dating back 20,000 years depict forms of ritual dance.


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Every community has developed a style of tribal or folk dancing, closely related tomusic, usually of a magical or religious nature. The hypnotic power of certain types ofdancing has been demonstrated, among others, by the Dervishes.A)Cave paintings are one of our best sources of historical knowledgeB)Every religion expresses itself in a variety of different art formsC)There is no doubt that dance involves a type of therapeutic power

D)Dancing is probably the oldest of all forms of human expressionsE)All cultures have managed to develop their own musical instruments

46-The Sues Canal represents the culmination of centuries of effort to enhance tradeand expand the empires of Egypt by connecting the Red and Mediterranean Seas., but its significance came from the fact that it was the only one to bypassthe Nile as a means of connecting the two seas and to excavate across the Isthmusof Suez to provide a major shipping route between Europe and Asia.A)At one stage, following by an outbreak of cholera, all the workers ran awayB)The Israelis entrenched themselves along the eastern bank of the canalC)By this time the canal was of sunken ships and sea traffic was paralysedD)Two small fleets, one originating in Port Said and the other in Suez, met in IsmailiaE)The modem canal was by no means the first project of its kind

47-Orantgutans are like babies: playful, wide-eyed, and trusting. Genetically, the"men of the forest" as their name means in Malay, resemble humans more than anyother animal on the Earth. . . Yet a combination of natural disasters andmerciless hunting by humans now threatens this inoffensive near relative of ours.A)Even today. not everyone has accepted Darwin's theories on evolutionB)Most people have only seen them in zoosC)Some people would say that the, chimpanzee is actually closer to human beingsD)They stand next to us on the tree of lifeE)A gorilla named Koko is famous for having learnt to communicate with humansusing sign-language

48-The enduring Roman influence is reflected in contemporary language, literature,legal codes, government, architecture, medicine, sports. etc. . Considerlanguage for example. Fewer and fewer people today claim to know much Latin. Andyet, go back to the first sentence of this paragraph. If we removed all the wordsdrawn directly from Latin, that sentence would read: The".A)Ancient Greeks also had an enduring influence on Western civilisationB)The great civilisations of India and China are older, but the West came into contactwith them laterC)In the 3rd century AD, the capital of the Roman Empire moved from Rome toConstantinopleD)'The is the most commonly used word in the English languageE)Much of it is so deeply embedded that we scarcely notice our debt to ancient Rome

49-John Lennon was murdered just before 11p.m. on the 8th December, 1980;outside the apartment building where he lived in New York City. He had just got out

of a car and was walking toward the entrance when a voice called to him. When heturned around, he was shot five times, The killer, was 2-year~d Mark Chapman fromHawaii. . It is said that he even believed that he was John Lennon.A)He was a fan of Lennon, and had tried to imitate him in many waysB)Lennon's music, though less consistent than when he was with the Beatles,continued to be popularC)New York is one of the most dangerous cities in the worldD)It is remarkable how many famous people have been murdered in the UnitedStates


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E)The Beatles had split up more than ten years before

50-. . Within a year, 100,000 people, only 8,000 of whom were women, hadreached California. Homes, ~a and stores throughout the United States wereabandoned as everyone rushed to California. By 1850, more than 50ships were anchored in San Froncisco Bay, but many had been deserted by gold-

hungry sailors. A few people became fabulously rich, but most left as poor as theycame.A)Gold is the most precious of metals, and throughout history people have longed foritB)In 1848, gold was discovered in Sutter's Mill, near San Francisco, and the first greatgold rush beganC)At the time of the California Gold Rush, the easiest way to reach San Franciscofrom the East Coast was by shipD)San Francisco's football team is named after the people who came in 1849 hopingto find gold and strike it rich: 'The 49ers"E)Every year thousands of Mexicans illegally cross the border from Mexico intosouthern California looking for work.

51- . In addition to teaching the correct techniques, a qualified instructorwill indoctrinate the beginner in the importance of skiing safely. If the skier is taughthow to ski under control at all times and to follow the generally accepted rules ofsafety, the risk of causing injury to himself or to other skiers is greatly reduced.A)Because short skis are easier to handle, they are often used, by beginners, whileexperienced skiers prefer longer onesB)Chair lifts and other devices that transport skiers uphill have removed the need fortiring, time-consuming climbingC)Each year thousands of beginners rush to hundreds of organised ski areasD)In its simplest form, skiing is sliding down a snow-covered slope on a pair of long,slim runners called skisE)The best way for a beginner to learn how to ski is to take lessons from a certifiedski instructor

52-In strict terms, performing arts are those art forms, primarily theatre, dance andmusic, that result in a performance. , from classical opera and serious theatreto live variety entertainment, popular improvised theatre in the streets, and evenrock concerts and professional wrestling.A)Decorative arts, on the other hard, are art forms that have a primarily decorativerather than expressive or emotional purposeB)The individual performing artist has always struggled to surviveC)Under their heading, however, can be placed an enormous number of forms andvariationsD)Several playwrights of the late 19th and early 20th centuries prepared the way formodern realistic dramaE)Cabarets are small performance spaces in clubs and restaurants where solo artistsperform

53-The olive is a small tree with narrow greyish green leaves, cultivated from earlytimes in the Mediterranean region. . , which is highly valued by manynutritionists today because of its benefits for health However, olives are also pickledfor eating. Black olives are ripe, but green ones are pickled unripe, and treated inorder to destroy their bitterness.A)Olives do not taste at all nice when eaten fresh from the treeB)These trees have been grown for their shade in many regionsC)The fruit of the olive tree is edible, once it has been pickled


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D)These trees were cultivated originally for their lush cropsE)The most important product extracted from its fruit is the oil

54-.. . The reason for this may be found in the large herds of reindeer that theybreed, as the subsequent need for pasture In the Arctic area has necessitatedconstant movement. Even today, settlements are rarely permanent, although they

are being increasingly affected by the Swedes and Finns among whom they live.A)One may be surprised to learn that there are many Arctic animalsB)Life in the Arctic region does not offer much variety to the localsC)Research shows that people living in the Arctic area are very fitD)The inhabitants of Lapland are traditionally a nomadic peopleE)Alcoholism is becoming an increasing problem in the Arctic area

55-In most modern industrial countries, including Japan, women are much less thanhalf as likely to commit suicide. ? Not at all. Psychiatric professionals areagreed that women are actually more likely to experience depression than men. Infact, statistics show that more women than men are treated for depression each yearin hospitals.

A)Do the people involved in the field of mental health know the reason for thisB)Does this mean that women are happier and less prone to depression than menC)Is this because men are less likely to express their feelings than womenD)What is it that causes this difference between men and women in mental healthE)Is the situation the same among the women of less industrialised countries

56-The average child will crawl at eight to ten months, walk alone at twelve tosixteen months and say a few words by the fifteenth month. . Many childrenwalk before they are a year old, and say words before they are fifteen months, andthere are examples that first children speak earlier than subsequent children, andgirls may speak sooner than boys.

A)However, individuals vary considerablyB)Children usually start school at age sixC)Size is determined by a variety of factors, thoughD)The wisdom teeth appear in the late teensE)And, surprisingly, the same development applies to children of all races

57-The speed of sound is generally placed at 1088 fret per second at sea level at32F. However, it varies at other temperatures and in different media. . . Thus,if in air it travels a mile in 5 seconds, it does a mile under water in 1 second, andthrough iron in half a second.A)When a plane breaks the sound barrier, it means it's flying faster than soundB)The speed of sound can be measured using modern equipmentC)Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in ironD)We use the prefix Mach in order to describe supersonic speed

E)Any sound which is over 120 decibels is painful to the ear

58-.. . The audience stood or sat in galleries on three sides of the stage, whichwas left open to the sky for the sake of light, as performances generally began at 2p.m. At the back of the stage were the dressing rooms, and a small gallery. Thesetheatres were generally owned by businessmen, or by companies of actors like thatof Shakespeare.A)Many modern theatres are breaking away from traditional theatre stylesB)One of the finest examples of a Renaissance theatre is the Teatro Olimpico


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C)Elizabethan times brought the first permanent public theatres to EnglandD)Al present, there are approximately forty-eight major theatres in operation inLondonE)The Globe, where Shakepeare's plays were first performed has been restored

59-There is a new5km bridge in Bangladesh, where everyone who crosses in a

vehicle must pay a toll. In order to avoid paying, most bus passengers simply get offtheir buses and walk across. The man who has come up with the most novel solutionto the toll problem is an enterprising cycle rickshaw driver. He paid his toll once, thenstayed on the bridge, taking people across the river without ever paying the tollagain. . . Once a group of politicians were so angry on being asked to pay thetoll that they simply smashed the electronic equipment.A)The bridge is so important because it connects the best agricultural land in thecountry with the capital, DhakaB)Cycle rickshaws are one of the most common forms, of public transport inBangladeshC)The advanced electronic technology used on the bridge may seem out of place inthe rural nature of the surrounding countrysideD)The bridge has become an important political issue in BangladeshE)But it is not only the poor who object to paying the toll

60-The first known people of the many to settle the island of Malta were thePhoenicians, who reached it in about the 9th century B.C. .. . In succession,the island was then occupied by the Arabs, the Knights Hospitaler, the French, andmost recently, the British. All of them have left their mark on the island, reflected inits culture, language and architecture.A)Malta occupies a strategic location between Italy and North AfricaB)They were followed by the RomansC)Its capital, Valetta, was important in Thomas Pynchon's cult novel 'V'D)The Phoenicians, of course, came from the area called Lebanon todayE)Though Malta is a small island, it is far more important than its sire would lead usto believe

61-Spice, the most desired commodity of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, was thedriving force of merchant seafaring. Portugal started trading with China in 1557, andspread its trade across Southeast Asia and India, where the greatest variety of spiceswere to be found. .. . The ships of these companies were called "EastIndiamen" and were the biggest and best merchant ships for over two centuries.A)Today, with modern transport, spices are easily obtainable and inexpensiveB)The British Navy became the strongest in the world from the time of theNapoleonic WarsC)A series of naval wars were fought between Britain and Holland in the 17th centuryD)The British East India Company was founded in 1600, and the Dutch East IndiaCompany in 1602E)The development of the steam engine in 'the 19th century meant that tea could beshipped to Europe while it was still flesh

62-Most societies think that men are naturally suited to perform the most strenuouslabour. . For example, there was a kingdom in West Africa called Dahome,which used women as bodyguards and soldiers because they were believed to beespecially fierce fighters. The Tasmanians, similarly, felt that women were as suitedas men to the most dangerous of hunting tasks.A)This belief has persisted, almost unchanged, to the present dayB)"Strenuous" labour usually meant farming or huntingC)This has not always been a universally held belief, however


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D)This, is probably why, throughout history, male prisoners have been killed, whilewomen and children were sold as slavesE)In some societies, inheritance is through the male line, while in others it is throughthe female line

63-Of all possible eating patterns, skipping breakfast and eating a big lunch is the

worst. . . Your blood sugar and stored carbohydrates are low. The morning mealreplaces the calories and nutrients you need to get you through the day. Calories areburnt up more quickly in the morning than at any other time of the day. Studies ofschool children have found that those who eat breakfast do better in school.A)It's said by some that the best meal in England is breakfast and that it should beserved three times a dayB)Breakfast is important because when you wake up in the morning, you have noteaten for eight to ten hoursC)A big lunch usually makes you sleepy, and thus affects your performance'negativelyD)Dinner is usually the main meal because the whole fancy, can relax together andtalk about their dayE)On the other hand, many people complain that they don't have time for breakfast64-.. . Of course, it is only to be expected that they might over-react to theirnew freedoom, and it is probably better that their parents are not around to observetheir behaviour. Normally, however, by their final year they'll have got over thefascination of living without parental control and learnt to conduct themselves in amature and responsible manner. It is therefore arguable that the experience ofuniversity life is as important as the actual studies.A)When young people go to university, it is often the first time they have lived awayfrom homeB)Young people are inherently irresponsible and need to be supervised until they areready to be parents themselvesC)Students often feel that, as educated people, they have a more valid point of viewon society and its problems than do their eldersD)Many university students have part-time jobs, and this gives them a certainfinancial independenceE)One objection to the grant system in Britain is that it gives privileged young peoplewhat amounts to a three-year holiday

65-Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte were the novelist daughters of a countryparson. Charlotte wrote Jane Eyre. Emily's most famous novel was WutheringHeights, which she first published under the name Ellis Bell. ., athough she wasa talented writer too.A)We don't know where they got their talent fromB)Anne did not achieve the fame of her two sistersC)It is true that she never had any novels publishedD)Charlotte was the oldest of the three sistersE)Anne wrote several novels under her own name

66-For a number of years, radio telescopes have been trying to pick up signals fromouter space, so far without success. There are, however, millions of possible radiofrequencies, and there is no reason why a completely alien civilisation should not usea different type of communication, such as X-rays, or even a type of wave we havenot yet discovered. . For example, if we made contact with beings 300-lightyears away - relatively close as space distances go - by the time we had sent ananswer and received their response, the earth would be 600 years older.A)The most famous radio telescope of all is at Jodrel Bank in EnglandB)We may have discovered only a few of countless types of waves that could be used


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in this wayC)And then there is the problem of how to carry out contact over such vast distancesD)According to Einsteins Theory of Relativity, it is impossible to travel faster than thespeed of lightE)Science fiction writers have been speculating over the nature of alien beings fordecades

67-In the United States, a large number of university students suffer from "studentshock": severe depression stemming from inability to cope with student life.Universities have been trying a number of ways to help students cope with thepressures they face. Many universities are upgrading their psychological counsellingcentres. Additional staff are being hired, and experts are doing research to learnmore about the psychological problems of university students. . Finally,stress management workshops have now become common on university campuses.A)A remarkable number of students become so depressed that they commit suicideB)With such competition for good jobs, students are more nervous over good gradesthan ever beforeC)The end of a relationship can be a large contributing factor to student shockD)Also, older and more successful students are being trained to counsel theiryounger peersE)In addition, some students should get proper jobs and learn what life is really like

68-It was in 1961 that John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, gave the"go ahead" for his country to make the maximum effort to put a man on the moonbefore the end of the decade. .. . They were Americans Neil Armstrong andBuzz Aldrin. A third astronaut, Michael Collins, remained aboard the commandmodule, which continued to orbit the moon.A)The launch of Sputnik in 1957 alerted Americans to the fact that the Soviets werewell ahead in some scientific fieldsB)Thus the first true men on the moon landed in its sea of tranquillity on 21st July,1969C)The first Americans to orbit the earth went in tiny cramped capsules, which lookvery primitive todayD)People struggling to feed themselves in developing countries might have wonderedwhat the point of it all wasE)Tom Wolfe's book, The Right Stuff, documents the experiences of the firstAmerican astronauts

69-.. . Known as fossil fuels, they took about 250 million years to form, andalthough new coal and oil are being formed in parts of the world, this happens veryslowly, so the coal and oil now being extracted at an extremely fast rate are notbeing replaced. This means that alternative energy sources must be found anddeveloped.A)In many parts of the world it Is still very difficult to keep warm in the winterB)Coal production was reduced in Britain because of the life-threatening smogs of the1950s

C)When we bum coal, we are actually reproducing sunlight which nurtured plants andanimals millions of years agoD)Before its dangers were y realised, nuclear power was once thought to be thekey to future power suppliesE)Man's principal energy supplies coal and oil are unable to reproduce themselves70-Nine rotten teeth from such notable mouths as Queen Victoria, FlorenceNightingale and Princes Mary are to be sold at auction. The blackened teeth arethought to have been collected by a society dentist and acquired at the turn of thecentury by an antique dealer. . One reveals that Queen Victoria's 23rd


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tooth was removed when she was 12 years old in 1832. The collection features fourof her teeth and two of her mother's.A)Each tooth is accompanied by a tiny hand-written noteB)It is not known how much he might have paid for themC)Why anyone would want to buy hundred-year-old rotten teeth has not beenexplained.

D)The history of dentistry reveals some strange factsE)The question arises of whether it is entirely ethical or not to collect such artefacts71-The beaver is an aquatic mammal with a wide, scaly, paddle-like tail and webbedfeet that it uses forswimming. . They build these dams to protect themselves from suchanimals as the coyote and the cougar. Their food consists mainly of the bark of thewillow, poplar and other trees, but they also eat flowers, grasses and roots.A)Beavers are often found in areas where people have constructed damsB)The European beaver lives, like the water-rat, in the banks of streamsC)The American beaver makes dams of logs and branches, plastered with mudD)In America, their homes have been known to cause flooding in wet areasE)Beavers are known for their building ability and are thus called nature's engineers

72-President is the title given to the head of state or chief executive in mostrepublics. . In others,such as in Turkey, he merely represents his country, as does the monarch in aconstitutional monarchy. In other cases again, such as in the American system, thepresident will exercise real political power as defined by a constitution.A)Most often, presidents come into power through violent coupsB)No president may hold office for more than eight consecutive yearsC)In some cases, the president may be a virtual dictatorD)The same title is also used for the top officials in some companiesE)In various political systems, the power of presidents varies considerably

73-During the Second World War, the London tube became an air-raid shelter. Heavyraids began on 7 September 1940, Of course, there was mass panic as people rushedto find shelter, eventually finding the tube stations ideal refugee. .. . Soon,all seventy-nine deep tube stations were officially designed as air-raid shelters, andby the end of the following mouth, an average of 138.000 people sheltered in thesystem.A)The bombing completely destroyed the Underground during the next four and ahalf years of the warB)Thus, people entered and refused to leave the underground until the raids ceasedC)Unlike the London Underground, the New York City Subway was never used forsuch a purposeD)By the end of the month the city government had instituted a special programmeto stop this activityE)The raids ceased completely within a week, when the Germans saw how ineffectivethey had become

74-When St Augustine arrived in Milan, he observed that the church did not fast onSaturday, as did the Church in Rome. He consulted St Ambrose, the bishop of Milan,who replied: "when I am in Rome. I fast on Saturday. When I am in Milan I do not.. . Over time, this comment has become the now famous form: "When inRome, do as the Romans do.

A)Since you are Roman, you must fast in MilanB)Go and tell the people here that they should be fastingC)So, I don't really care what you choose to do


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D)if you want to fast, you must return to RomeE)Follow the custom of the Church where you are

75-Through centuries of internal strife, and successions of warrior kingdoms, severalancient peoples fused into a unified national identity, as in the case of Scots.; Norsemen also settled in these lands, mixing with the native Celts and Picts.

Though English is the main language today, traditional Gaelic is still understood bymany Scots.

A)The land was uninhabited for thousands of years after the fall of RomeB)Swedish people, however, came from Germanic tribes migrating from the southC)While they all lived together, the groups never actually mixedD)The original Scots migrated to the Celtic lands before the 10th centuryE)The recorded history of Scotland begins in the 1st century AD, when the Romansinvaded Britain

76-Denim, the material that jeans are made of originally referred to a type of fabriccalled serge. This was first manufactured in Nimes, a town in Southern France..., which means 'serge from Nimes', but was eventually condensed andshortened to denim.

A)Afterwards, its popularity grew and it spread through EuropeB)Today, the city of Nimes still makes its now famous clothC)The famous Levi Strauss used this material to make the first jeansD)To distinguish it from a rival product from Nice, also in France.E)The name of the cloth first reflected its origin, 'serge de Nimes'

77-Postcard collectors should gain some knowledge of the subject before they spendmoney on the first old batch they see. Of the millions of cards issued before 1914,only about 5% are worth anything Particular manufacturers and artists are indemand. , and so do cards illustrated with art nouveau, sports team picturesand stamps.

A)Collectors pay high prices for romantic cards with hearts and flowersB)Cards showing the U.S. presidents' portraits are very valuableC)The most popular ,cards are those printed in France in about 1900D)Advertising cards command good prices, especially Coca-Cola'sE)A card with an interesting message on it will sell for a high price

78- . Beyond these stretched vast deserts. Thus, although it was severalhundred miles in length, Egypt was only a few miles in breadth. The prosperity of theland depended, naturally, upon the Nile. Along it, ships brought trade to the towns;from it the villagers obtained water, as they still do.A)The land of ancient Egypt had one of the strangest shapes known to recordedhistoryB)The people of ancient Egypt lived near the Nile, because it provided much needed

waterC)Ancient Egypt consisted of two narrow strips of fertile land, one on each side of theNileD)Ancient Egypt was a very large country, although only a small portion of it washabitableE)Historians agree that the settlement of the Nile valley took a long time, perhaps2,000 years

79-One of the most important of literature writers have used to express their ideas


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over the last two centuries is the novel. Traditionally a novel is a story about a groupof characters, where and how they live, and their relationship with each other.Usually the story has a beginning, a middle, and an end. . . By the time thenovel is finished, all the loose parts are tied up, and often the good live happily everafter while the bad are punished.A)Some critics consider Fielding's "Tom Jones" to be the first true English novel

B)The novel as a long prose fiction story was established early in the 17th century byMiguel de Cervantes in his Don Quixote'C)Though considered a Western European invention, the novel has spread to manyAfrican and Asian societies.D)Psychological novels are stories in which the primary focus is on the workings ofthe mind in the leading character or charactersE)That is, some kind of problem is stated in the opening of the novel which is workedout through the book and solved at the end

80-Many strange stories are told of the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean.Whalers and pirates took shelter there. The latter are supposed to have buriedtreasure there. Other stories tell of the giant tortoises that inhabit the island... . The word means tortoises in Spanish.A) Whether these were real or merely mythological is impossible to tellB)These slow-moving creatures gave the name Galapagos to the islandsC)The Galapagos Islands are home to many fascinating species of wildlifeD)There are still more stories and legends about other strange creaturesE) Skeletons of these creatures may still be seen all over 'this remote island

81-The element lithium was discovered in 1817. Since then it has been used as acure for gout, epilepsy, diabetes, and, most recently, to relieve depression. However,there is a drawback. . The poison builds up in the body until it causesimpaired vision and speech, vomiting and nausea. Coma and death can follow.

A)It is the lightest solid element of them allB)It has been classified as an' illegal drugC)A slight overdose is enough to cause problemsD)Temporary side effects have been known to occurE)This should not prevent 1ts~careful use

82-Rockets have a long history. . . However, the missile age recently beganduring World War II, when German scientists developed flying bombs which almostwon the war for their country. Their development of the V-1 and V-2 rockets, themost terrible weapons known until that time, became the basis for much of thesubsequent rocket research.

A)As early as the 13th century the Chinese used them as military weaponsB)Rockets will be able to take man to a variety of planets in the futureC) During the First World War, none of the armies had the use of rocketsD)They are used today to power extremely fast experimental land vehicles

E)NASA's space shuttles use them to take off, but return to the Earth without them

83-Twenty years ago, senior managers might have been protected from unimportantmemos by their juniors. ..most managing directors have e-mail on theirdesktops, voice mail on their phones, business briefings on their computer screensand pagers on their belts, they are as open to overload as anyone.

A)Since the onset of the technological revolution, this has no longer been the caseB)Their secretaries open their mail and put it into their in-trays


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C)Nowadays, the office memo is more vital than everD)Firms are trying to improve the situation by issuing guidelinesE)This meant they did not receive large amounts of vital information

84-Stonehenge is the most important ancient ruin in the British Isles, situated onSalisbury Plain, not far from the town of Salisbury. The monument is made up of two

large circles of huge stones, in the centre of which are tall columns and a l5-foot bluestone block. Its origins are unknown.. However, no scientific data have beenadvanced to support this theory.

A)Historians have always been interested in this mysterious ruinB)It is known that the stone was brought to Salisbury from WalesC)There are a lot of myths about the possible origins of the structureD)Legend tells us that it was used for sun-worship by the DruidsE)Stonehenge was given to the nation by Sir Cecil Chubb in 1918

85-Judo is based on the ancient Japanese techniques known as ju-jitsu. It is practisedin many countries, and since 1964 has been an event of the Olympic Games, . In the former, each contestant pits his strength against the other. In judo, the art isto let one's adversary do all the work, using his strength, mistakenly applied, to bringabout his own defeat.A)A black belt indicates attainment of the highest level of skillB)The Japanese are still the most skilful practitioners of judoC)The summer Olympic Games are held every leap yearD)Not only men, but also women and children are increasingly interested in judoE)Though they look similar, it is important to distinguish between wrestling and judo

86- . This is attained by freeing oneself from all desires. It is the goal ofBuddhist religious exercises and disciplines and is seen to be complete happiness,free from pain and suffering and from the restlessness and heat of emotions. Thecomplete attainment of Nirvana is supposed to free the individual from the chain ofreincarnation.

A)Most religions require great discipline from their followersB)The history of Tibetan Buddhism can be divided into three periodsC)Buddhism is unique among religions in a number of waysD)Complete happiness is the aim of many religionsE)For Buddhists, Nirvana represents perfect peace

87-CPR is the modern term for artificial respiration. It is only required when the victimhas suffered a loss of breathing or heartbeat. The first step in determining whetherbreathing and heartbeat have stopped is to go to the victim and shout, 'Are youokay?' . . Still, the person who doesn't reply may only have fainted, so, as thesecond step. you should continue by listening for breathing to make sure whetherCPR is necessary.

A)Lastly check the persons pulse rateB) Place the victim on a hard, flat surface in order to administer CPRC)C9ntinue to administer CPR until a doctor can take over from youD)If you get an answer to this, then obviously, the person is not in need of CPRE)If there is no reply, CPR is required and should be administered immediately

88-The Ice Age is our 'most recent' geological period, beginning about 2 million yearsago and lasting until about 10 or 20 thousand years ago. During this time, greatcontinental glaciers formed in North America and


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Northern Europe. . In fact, the ice advanced and retreated at least fourtimes, alternating with mild intervals.

A)Many mammals became extinct in this eraB)However, the climate was not uniformly coldC)No explanation has been generally accepted

D)It is also known as the Pleistocene periodE)Manhattan Island was a rock moved by glaciers

89-Recently there has been a revolution in the attitude of blue-marlin fishermen. Putsimply, blue-marlin fishing is no longer a blood sport. ., because they don't killthe fish any more. It is enough for them just to tag a marlin: reeling it close, markingit and putting it back into the water, in order to fight another day.

A) Earnest Hemingway was extremely fond of blue-marlin fishingB) Fishermen rarely seek an obligatory photo beside their dead fish hooked up overthe dockC) Only the rich indulge in blue-marlin fishing because of the time and expenseinvolvedD) In Britain, blood sports attract almost as many protectors as huntersE) Some people say that an instinct for hunting has been handed down to us by ourancestors.

90-In rural Albania, it can be easier to find heavy artillery than to find a telephone.Therefore, when a quick-thinking villager needed to call the police to the scene of anaccident, he used what was handy. .The police appreciated his idea enough notto arrest him. They did, however, take away the gun.

A)This points out just how convenient It can be to have a mobile telephoneB)It was lucky that there happened to be a telephone nearbyC)There is a great deal of weaponry left over from the days when Albania wasinvadedD)This happened to be his very own anti-aircraft gunE)There are not very many police, either, in rural Albania

91-Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, the youngest child of the author Nathaniel Hawthorne,also began a literary career, publishing several works. . Under herleadership, two homes for sufferers of incurable cancer were opened in New York.

A)She wrote 'A Story of Courage' with her husband in 1894B)Rose spent an enjoyable childhood with all the pleasures of refined surroundingsC)She married George P. Lathrop in 1871D)Her father wrote the renowned novel, 'The Scarlet Letter'E)But later, she became a nun, devoting her life to caring for the terminally ill92-In recent years, there has been an advance in the technique known as transplantsurgery. This means the replacement of a diseased or damaged part of the body by a

healthy one from another person. . This is because our bodies' naturaldefence against any invader, as with a transplanted organ, is to attempt to destroy it.A) People can now carry "organ donor" cards, giving permission for their organs to beused after their deathB)The biggest stumbling block in this area of medicine, however, has been the bodyitselfC)There are even transplants from certain animals to humansD)Occasionally, there are moving stories of parents who donate their organs to theirdying children


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E)Only a few years ago, no one would have believed this possible

93-Margarine was introduced into the United States in 1874 and immediately arousedthe opposition of the dairy industry. Taxes were imposed on the substance; in somestates, yellow-coloured margarine could not be sold; and federal laws required,among other strict rules, that restaurants serving margarine post a conspicuous

notice of that fact. , and now Americans eat as much margarine as butter.A)However, the consumption of margarine has grownB)Later types of margarine used animal fats and vegetable oilsC)Laws vary from state to state, but serious crimes are referred to as federal crimesD)Whale oil was used originally for lamp fuel and later as an ingredient of otherproductsE)However rapid societal changes created a demand for fast food restaurants

94-Medgar Evers was the first field secretary of the National Association for theAdvancement of Coloured People in the state of Mississippi. During the late 1950sand early 1960s, he registered black voters and organised boycotts of firms thatpractised racial discrimination. .. . A white supremacist, Byron De la Beckwithwas tried three times for the murder. The first two trials ended in a mistrial but hewas finally convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1994.A)In 1963, he was shot and killed by a sniper in front of his homeB)Of the total population of Mississippi, thirty-five percent is blackC)In that same year, more than 200,000 blacks and whites marched to the LincolnMemorialD)Racial segregation in South Africa is known as apartheidE)Abraham Lincoln effectively freed all slaves in the Emancipation Proclamation

95-It is a windy, clear afternoon on the Gulf of Mexico, 70 miles out from the Texascoast. The water is dull, grey and choppy. The crew are dozing over plates of halfeaten mangoes. Suddenly a road bends . The fight is on. After 30 minutes ofphysical to and fro, the sailfish kicks hard and snaps the line. A cheer goes up as biggame fishing is not about who wins, but about the fight.A)Mangoes are a delicious tropical fruit, especially good when eaten on a boatB)Two members of the crew begin to quarrel over the mangoesC)A big sailfish punches out of the water, spreads its blue sail fin and shoots backunder the waterD)One of the fastest fishes is the sailfish, which can swim at speeds of up to 68 milesper hourE)Not surprisingly, they all hate sharks and are eager to kill this one

96-Millions of years ago, there was no life on this planet. .. . It was just a ball offlaming gases. These gases were in a state of considerable chemical turmoil, reactingtogether to form and reform chemicals. As time passed the gases cooled, becameliquid, and eventually a thin crust was formed over the surface. Beneath this crust,the centre of the Earth was, and remains today, a molten mass of rocks and metalswith a solid core.

A)In fact, there was no planet as we would recognise it todayB)Even after life appeared, it was a long time until humans first evolvedC)The first life forms appeared in waterD)There may have been one more planet at the time, which has now become theasteroid beltE)Even now no one knows if there is life on other planets

97-A super liner like the Queen Elizabeth II, or QE2 for short, contains all theelements of a floating town with a population of about 3000. The QE2 can take 2025


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passengers, and has a crew of 906, who maintain the ship and look after thepassengers. There are restaurants, a theatre, cinema, and four swimming pools... . All this is driven by engines producing 110.000 horse power, giving her atop speed of 30 knots, nearly twice the speed of a super tanker.A)For a time, super liners were thought to be outdated, but now they seem to bemaking a come-back

B)Passengers on the Queen Elisabeth II can visit a lot of ports all over the worldC)In addition, there is a hospital, a dentist's surgery and a printing plant for the ship'sdaily newspaperD)Of Course some people prefer to travel by plane because it is faster and cheaperE)Under international law, powered vessels of more than 300 gross tons must carrylicensed officers

98-Serendib, as the early Arab seamen called the island we know today as Sri Lanka,may have been the land in one version of Sinbad's Seventh Voyage. In that story,Sinbad was captured by pirates and sold into slavery to an ivory dealer. .. .Eventually the elephants showed Sinbad their secret graveyard, so he could obtainthe ivory without killing them.A)Slavery was common until this century and is still practised in some parts of theworld todayB)Elephants are said to have amazing memoriesC)The ivory trade has decimated the once vast herds of elephants in East AfricaD)The man forced Sinbad to go into the forest every day and kill an elephant for itstusksE)Though Sinbad is usually described as a "sailor", it would be more correct to callhim a "merchant adventurer"

99-.. . Smokers who we trying to give up were split into two groups. Onegroup was given acupuncture, specially designed to help them stop smoking. Of thisgroup, 31% had given up smoking after three weeks, while none of the people in thesecond control group succeeded in giving up.A)Many strange techniques are tried by people attempting to give up smokingB)Smoking is one of the most serious addictions and is very hard to beatC)Many doctors are now trying to help their patients to give up smokingD)Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that involves the use of needlesE)New research has shown that acupuncture can help people stop smoking

100-Viruses are even smaller than bacteria, and are the simplest known forms of life. . They live as parasites in bacteria, animals and some plants, Viruses invadethe cells of their hosts and simply take them over. The DNA in the virus takes overthe DNA in the host cell and changes the instructions so that the host produces moreviruses. There are a large number of diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza,measles and smallpox.A)We use friendly bacteria to make yoghurt and cheeseB)They are not able to live by themselvesC)Some tulips have a virus infection in their petals which gives them an attractive

colourD)Antibacterial drugs are obtained from living organismsE)Modern vaccines may contain bacteria or viruses which are dead, or still alive butweakened

101-Born in St Lucia in 1930, Derek Walcott and his twin brother Roderick werebrought up by their mother, a schoolteacher, .. . Derek attended school in

Jamaica and studied theatre in New York, then returned to the Caribbean to foundand direct the Trinidad Theatre Workshop in 1959. In addition to having published 18


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volumes of poetry, he wrote 40 plays and several screenplays. In 1992, he won theNobel prise for literature.A)so almost all literature has been produced by descendants of people brought to theregion as slavesB)since the 1950s, a large number of people have emigrated from the Caribbean toBritain

C)however, the Caribbean is better-known for cricket than for literary figuresD)whereas sugar and rum are the main agricultural products of the regionE)because their father, an amateur poet and painter, died when they were a year old

102-.. . It was designed and built during World War II to break the complexcode used between the German High Command and front-line forces. The first modelwas demonstrated at Blectcley Park, the British forces intelligence centre, inDecember 1943, with a faster version in operation by June1944, days before D Day.Historians believe that the code-breaking made possible by Colossus shortened thewar by two years.A)The tank has become one of the most formidable weapons of ground warfareB)The Spitfire is probably the most famous plane of the Second World WarC)The first electronic programmable computer was called ColossusD)The code-breaking work carried out at Bletchley Park has become a British legendE)The Goon Show" was one of the most popular radio comedy shows of post-warBritain

103-As a book collector, you should limit your interest to certain genres, themes ornationalities of authors. For example, science fiction, Russian literature, cinemabooks or books on World War I. . Subsequent editions, on the other hand,generally have little value, and editions issued by book clubs are worthless.A)Choose the first topic that comes into your mindB)Normally, the most valuable books are first editionsC)Perhaps science fiction books are the most valuableD)Books need protection from humidity and drynessE)Modern books can be found almost everywhere now

104-Climatologists predict that a doubling of carbon dioxide and other gases in theatmosphere will occur over the next l00years. . . This is an average rate muchhigher than at any time in the last 10,000 years.

A)Likewise, a drop in the ability to handle the effects of these chemicals may occurB)However, other scientists foresee a much greater increase in nitrous oxideC)It might not produce any noticeable effect on the global environmental situationD)The level of these gases could become a serious threat to all known forms of lifeE)This would lead to a rise in the Earth's temperature between 1 and 3.5 degrees

105-The number of people who go to the cinema has declined since the great days ofHollywood in the 1930s and '40s. The most likely cause is the ever-growingpopulation of television. .. . Perhaps this reviving interest is because the

cinema today is truly international, with films being made and distributed all over theworld, and reflecting many different interests and cultures.

A)There is new evidence to show that the cinema audience is gradually returning,thoughB)The most famous producer of the time was Samuel GoldwinC)Colour films were first made in the late 193Os, the most famous of which isundoubtedly "Gone with the Wind"D)The stars of those days like Clark Gable and mien Leigh, still fascinate us decades


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laterE)Thus the largest film industry today is not in Hollywood, but in Bombay

106-One of the biggest factors affecting the pattern of trade has been the creation ofthe European Community and other similar groups of trading countries. These havebeen designed to make it easier and cheaper to move goods about within the

group., which is a kind of tax that countries charge on goods coming into thecountry. This makes goods imported from outside the group more expensive thangoods from within the group.A)Many additional jobs were created when the European Community established itsheadquarters in BrusselsB)Another example is ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian NationsC)The main way this is done is by the member countries agreeing to a commonexternal tariffD)NATO is completely different because it is a purely military groupingE)European Community citizens can move about freely between the membercountries

107-Alien Ginsberg, who died in 1997 in New York, formed the Beat Generation of the1950s along with William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac. Ginsberg first captured publicattention in 1956 with 'Howl', a long poem that raged against a conformist society. . These non-conformist activities para1el his work, for which he drew hisinspiration from yoga, Buddhism, Native American mysticism, and Torah, and U.S.poets like William Carlos Williams.A)He was active in both the hippie and anti-war movementsB)Some people consider them to have been the forerunners of the hippiesC)It was the Vietnam. War that brought about the counter-cultural movement knownas the hippiesD)Rock groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones all joined in the counter-culturemovementE)Burroughs and Kerouac were novelists

108-Captain Matthew Webb swam the English Channel from Dover to Calais, .. .For 22 hours, he swam the high seas. Although he lived to tell about it, he was not

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