The Washington RevelsP R E S E N T S

IN CELEBRATION OF THE WINTER SOLSTICE,A MIDWINTER’S TALE OF

THE KING AND THE FOOLWITH

Piffaro, the Renaissance BandThe Stonecastle Carolers

The Welspent YouthThe Sprytlie ChildrenThe Lord of Misrule

The Royall Noyse BrassThe Foggy Bottom Morris Men

Matthew Nielson AS THE KING

AND

Mark Jaster AS THE FOOL

Roberta Gasbarre ARTISTIC DIRECTOR

Elizabeth Fulford Miller MUSIC DIRECTOR

Jason Morris PRODUCTION MANAGER

John Clewett EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND PRODUCER

LISNER AUDITORIUMTHE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY

21ST AND H STREETS NW, WASHINGTON, DCDECEMBER 3–5 AND 10–12, 2004

or a twenty-second year, The Christmas Revels brings to Washington the ancient and joyous celebration of the year’s rebirth at ‘the shortest day’ – the winter solstice.

We find ourselves in the Great Hall of a medieval castle, awaitingthe arrival of King and court, and the commencement of the royal midwinter festivities. Our companion in waiting is the Fool.

The King embodies temporal power, and his kingdom relies upon him for its sense of security. The Fool is much closer to the earth, more attuned to the natural order. Together, they reflect the tension between human power and theforces of nature. It is only when these forces are in balance that peace and harmony can prevail.

When danger is at hand, the power of the Fool comes into play. It calls to us from one chaotic age to another, beware! We are entering into the time of theFeast of Fools, when nothing is sacred, and every convention will be tested.

— DECEMBER 2004

PART ONESetting the Stage

BAILIFF, Lock HandleyFOOL, Mark Jaster

1. Brass PreludeDating from 1325, this estampie comes from a fragmentary manuscript known as the RobertsbridgeCodex, which preserves the earliest known keyboard music. Brass arrangement by Charlie Pilzer.

The Royall Noyse Brass

2. Deo Gracia Anglia – ‘The Agincourt Carol’This anonymous carol, written in 1415, recounts the remarkable victory of Henry V at the battle of Agincourt. We sing it here to welcome our King. The Latin refrain can be translated as Give thanks unto God, O England, for victory.

Greg & Christopher B. Lewis, Constance Ridgway & Jim Lazar,Gary Colonna & William Wurzel, Zoe Handerson & Douglas Baumgardt, SINGERS

The Stonecastle CarolersPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

3. In Dulci JubiloIn Dulci Jubilo is one of the oldest and most famous of ‘macaronic’ songs, which combine Latinand a vernacular language such as English or German. The melody dates from 14th-centuryGermany, and the words are attributed to the German mystic Heinrich Suso (ca. 1295-1366), who is said to have had a vision in which angels sang these words as he joined them in a dance of worship. The brass arrangement is by Charlie Pilzer, and the English paraphrase and handbellparts are by Elizabeth F. Miller.

Greg Lewis, LEADER

Leah de La Beaujardiere, Andrea Blackford, Gillian Hollar & Constance Ridgway, HANDBELLS

The Royall Noyse Brass

ALL SING:

4. Border Morris DanceA raucous style of morris dance from the Welsh border country to rout evil spirits and bring in luckfor the new year. The dancers, often miners, would wear masks or blacken their faces with coaldust for anonymity. This particular dance, Hunt the Squirrel, is derived from the morris traditionsof Shropshire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire.

The Foggy Bottom Morris MenPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

5. The King’s DanceStep Stately is a courtly English country dance from John Playford’s collection, The English DancingMaster, ed. 1650. The tune to which it is danced is called Jack Pudding.

Matthew Nielson & Elisabeth Myers, Susan & Greg Lewis,Sara Moses & Christopher B. Lewis, DANCERS

Piffaro, The Renaissance Band

6. A Courtly InterludeA three-part chanson by Italian composer Antonello de Caserta (late 14th c.), Beauté parfaitesets a poem by the famous French poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut. Reflecting the ars subtilior (more subtle art) style of the late 14th century, each part moves in its own independent and complex rhythm, yet the overall effect is of a flowing and elegant unity.

Piffaro, The Renaissance Band

7. Personent HodieThis jubilant Latin Christmas carol rejoices in the birth of the baby, the wise men following the star,and the angels singing ‘Glory to God in the Highest.’ The tune first appeared in the MoosburgGradual of 1360, although with different words. The present setting, arranged by English composerJohn Rutter, is based on the text and tune as they appeared in Piae Cantiones, a Scandanaviansong-book published in 1582.

The Stonecastle CarolersDouglas Baumgardt, Monica Hosky, Gillian Hollar, Michael Matheson & Julianne Harden, HANDBELLS

Piffaro, The Renaissance BandThe Royall Noyse Brass

8. Somerset WassailThe word ‘wassail’ comes from the Anglo-Saxon phrase wæs hal – an everyday greeting that can betranslated as ‘be healthy.’ The phrase was eventually contracted into one word, and came to referto the act of toasting someone’s health. Wassailers would travel from house to house, singing, witha ‘wassail cup’ which their hosts were expected to fill. Cecil Sharp collected this folksong in theearly 1900s from the Drayton wassailers in Somerset. The brass arrangement is by Brian Holmes.

RIDDLER: William WurzelThe Stonecastle CarolersThe Royall Noyse Brass

9. Children’s SongsVillagers All! Words from the carol sung to Mole and Rat by the field mice in The Wind in the Willows, byKenneth Grahame.

Miri it isOne of the earliest surviving English secular songs with music, dating from 1220. Sung in early English, it can be loosely translated as Summer while it lasts is merry with the song of birds.But now the blast of the wind and foul weather is coming. Ei, Ei! How long is the night! And I withso much wrong, sorrow and mourn and fast.

There Was a Pig Went Out to Dig An old agrarian mummers’ carol from Bedfordshire, linking the Christmas season with the cycle ofplanting and harvesting.

The Sprytlie Children, WITH Julianne HardenPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

10. The Lord of MisruleAs in Medieval times during the Feast of Fools, a Lord of Misrule is chosen from the populace topreside in topsy-turvy fashion over the celebration.

COURT INTERPRETER: James LazarO Tocius AsieThis medieval song dates from the Crusade of 1248, but its music represents a style current somefifty years earlier.

Douglas Baumgardt, Jackie Berry, Andrea Blackford, Greg Lewis, Diane Kresh,Nancy Lynn, Mike Matheson, Mari Parker & Donna Simonton, SINGERS

Piffaro, The Renaissance BandMake We Merry Both More and LessThis anonymous text, from a medieval manuscript found at Balliol College, Oxford, is said to beconnected with festivities associated with the Lord of Misrule. The tune, a late 13th-century Notaor untitled dance, is found in the same manuscript as the well-known round Sumer is icumen in.

The Stonecastle CarolersPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

11. Ding Dong Merrily on HighThe music for this popular Christmas carol first appeared in the Orchesographie, a 16th-centurybook of dances written by Johan Tabourot (1519-93). This Branle l’Officiel was to be danced by‘lackeys and serving wenches and sometimes by young men and maids of gentle birth masquerad-ing as peasants and shepherds.’ The English lyric was written in the early 20th century by GeorgeRatcliffe Woodward. The verse two harmony, verse three descant and handbell parts are byElizabeth F. Miller.

Greg Lewis, LEADER

Gillian Hollar & Diane Kresh, HANDBELLS

The Stonecastle CarolersThe Royall Noyse Brass

ALL SING:

12. The ContestIn many cultures, the testing of the king in combat is a necessary ritual to preserve the power andspirit of the office. One version of this incantation, published in an early Mother Goose collection,has been connected to the tragic Battle of Culloden in 1746, in which Bonnie Prince Charlie andhis Highland clansmen were defeated by British troops.

The Sprytlie Children

13. Te Deum LaudamusAn anonymous 13th-century English hymn, offered here as a prayer for the King’s success. Thetext is credited to Nicetas, Bishop of Remesiana (ca. 335-414), in what is now Serbia.

The Stonecastle Carolers MenPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

14. The BattleA Shadow Knight comes from the natural world to bring forth winter’s deepest darkness. As thecontestants meet, we hear the keening of human voices and of nature. The chant is O virga acdiadema by Hildegard von Bingen; the soundscape design is by Matthew Nielson.

Claudia Dulmage, Ryan Greene-Roesel, Zoe Handerson, Diane Kresh,Nancy Lynn, Sara Moses, Celia Murphy & Donna Simonton, SINGERS

15. Fortz Chausa EsThis planh, or elegy, written in Provençal by troubadour Gaucelm Faidit (fl. 1170-1205), lamentsthe death of Richard Lion-Heart, who died in 1199 from an infected arrow wound received in battleagainst the rebelling Limousins.

Elisabeth Myers, SINGER

Grant Herreid, LUTE

Katy Warren, DANCER

16. Lord of the DanceSydney Carter’s contemporary lyrics to the Shaker song Simple Gifts were choreographed for thefirst staged Christmas Revels in 1971 by Carol Langstaff with Shag Graetz and Jonathan Morse,

using figures from the English morris dance tradition. Morris dances brought fertility and luck tothe fields and villages in which they were performed.

Greg Lewis, SINGER

Christopher B. Lewis, Andrew Marcus & Phinney McIntire, DANCERS (ALTERNATING)The Royall Noyse Brass

ALL SING REFRAIN:‘Dance, then, wherever you may be;I am the Lord of the Dance,’ said he,‘And I’ll lead you all, wherever you may be,And I’ll lead you all in the Dance,’ said he.

INTERMISSION

PART TWOInstrumental PreludeA setting by Heinrich Finck (1444-1527) of the ancient German song Greiner Zanner.

The Royall Noyse Brass

17. O Rubor SanguinisWritten by Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179), this homage to St. Ursula of Cologne evokes theimage of red blood flowing between Heaven and Earth: O redness of blood, who have flowed downfrom that height which divinity touched: you are the flower that the winter of the serpent’s breathnever withered. The influential German abbess also wrote major works on theology and naturalhistory as well as poetry and plays, and was an advisor to bishops, popes and kings.

Julianne Harden, Mallary Forbes & Ryan Greene-Roesel, SINGERS

Andrea Blackford, Zoe Handerson, Helen Fields & Elisabeth Myers, HANDBELLS

18. Abbots Bromley Horn DanceThe ancient ceremony of ‘deer running,’ once a mid-winter ritual dance of the hunt, is still danced every year in the English village of Abbots Bromley in Staffordshire, ‘bringing in the luck.’The first written account of the horn dance dates from 1226 at the Barthelmy Fair, but carbon dating indicates that the reindeer antlers still used today at Abbots Bromley date to 900 A.D.,about the time of the Danish invasion. The dance’s supernumerary characters – the Fool, HobbyHorse, Man-Woman and Boy Archer – link it with the mumming tradition of Old Christmas.

The Foggy Bottom Morris Men, WITH Joan Kimball, RECORDER

19. Man mei longe him lives weneAn anonymous English minstrel song from the 13th century: Man may expect long life, yet often, for him, there waits a trick. Fair weather often turns to rain, and sunshine is wondrously made.Therefore, man, bethink thyself – all thy green youth shall fade. Well-a-day! Neither King nor Queenshall escape the drinking of death’s draught. Man, ere thou fallest off thy bench, quench thy sin.

Grant Herreid, SINGER

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20. Danse MacabreA variant on the medieval dance of death, which underscores the cycle of life, death and rebirth.Interpreted by Mark Jaster from original choreography by Geoff Hoyle.

Mark JasterPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

21. Change RingThe tradition of ringing church bells to call and gather the community goes well back into theMiddle Ages. The later innovation of mounting each bell on a full wheel allowed greater precisionin ringing, which led to the development of intricate patterns of change ringing. Change ringing isalso done on handbells, and is done now to bring in the year.

Douglas Baumgardt, Zoe Handerson, Julianne Harden & Gillian Hollar, HANDBELLS

22. Sun TurningThis traditional English street chant evokes the cycle of the seasons, from Yule to Yule!

The Sprytlie Children

23. Resonet in LaudibusFirst appearing in the Moosburg Gradual of 1360, this popular German Christmas carol is associat-ed with the medieval custom of cradle-rocking, where a cradle was placed before the altar androcked to the singing of Wiegenlied (cradle-songs) at Christmas services. In the later Middle Ages,Resonet in Laudibus was also associated with dancing – large cradles depicting the town ofBethlehem were erected in churches, and young boys would leap around them, singing and clap-ping their hands.

The Stonecastle CarolersPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

24. Please to See the KingA traditional carol from Pembrokeshire, South Wales, commemorating the ritual hunting of thewren on St. Stephen’s Day, December 26. Its opening words, ‘Joy, Health, Love and Peace,’ havebecome a favorite Revels expression of good wishes. We sing it now as our King emerges, evokingthe Green Man, an icon of the return of Spring.

The Sprytlie ChildrenThe Stonecastle Carolers

25. Alle PsalliteAn anonymous 13th century conductus from the Montpellier Codex, used here as a coronation hymn.

Claudia Dulmage, Helen Fields & Sara Moses, HANDBELLSThe Stonecastle CarolersPiffaro, The Renaissance Band

26. SalutationFrom a letter written by Italian monk Fra Giovanni to a friend on Christmas Eve, 1513.

Matthew Nielson, King

27. Round for Peace: Dona Nobis PacemThe Latin words mean ‘give us peace.’

Greg Lewis, LEADER

ALL SING:

28. The Twelve Days of ChristmasA traditional English ‘forfeit’ carol (those who sang at the wrong time were expected to forfeit acandy, or a kiss, to their neighbor), arranged for brass and tympani by Kenneth Pulig for Revels in1979.

Greg Lewis, LEADER

The Royall Noyse Brass

ALL SING:On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to meA partridge in a pear tree.Two turtledoves,Three French hens,Four calling birds,Five gold rings,Six geese a-laying,Seven swans a-swimming,Eight maids a-milking,Nine ladies dancing,Ten lords a-leapingEleven pipers piping,Twelve drummers drumming,

29. Saint George and the DragonA compilation by Revels founder John Langstaff of several medieval mummers’ plays celebratingfertility, death, and rebirth. The sword dance and ritual execution survive from a time when thedeath of the hero, also known as the ‘Sun King,’ was considered necessary to assure fertility andthe return of light and warmth. The sword dance performed by the Foggy Bottom Morris Men isfrom the ‘Ampleforth’ play of the North Riding, Yorkshire.

ROOM: Monica Hosky, FATHER CHRISTMAS: Dick Kovar, JOHNNY JACK: Gillian Hollar,THE DRAGON: Colin Sandel, ST. GEORGE: Christopher B. Lewis, THE DOCTOR: Terry Winslow

30. In dulci jubiloThis setting of In dulci jubilo, by Samuel Scheidt (1587-1654), is a jubilant double-choir motet inthe Venetian style, with a musically athletic obligato part for two descant trumpets. Please join insinging the final ‘Alpha es et O!’

Greg Lewis, LEADER

The Stonecastle CarolersThe Sprytlie ChildrenPiffaro, The Renaissance BandThe Royall Noyse Brass

31. The Shortest DayWritten by Susan Cooper in 1977, this poem has become an annual tradition in all ChristmasRevels performances throughout the country.

32. The Sussex Mummers’ CarolThis carol was traditionally sung at the end of the mummers’ play in Horsham, Sussex, and hasbecome the parting song in each of the eleven American communities where The Christmas Revelsis performed. Brass transcription by Brian Holmes; descant and final verse harmonization byRalph Vaughan Williams.

The Royal Noyse Brass

ALL SING:

The Washington Revels gratefully acknowledges the support of theD.C. Commission on the Arts and Humanities and the National Endowment for the Arts.

The Washington Revels CELEBRATING TRADITION THROUGH MUSIC, DANCE AND DRAMA

7775 17th St. NW, Washington, DC 20012 · (202) 723-7528 · info@revelsdc.org · www.revelsdc.org

PERFORMERSThe Leading Players:Mark Jaster, FOOL

Matthew Nielson, KING

The Royall Noyse Brass:Robert Posten, DIRECTOR,

BASS TROMBONE

Robert Birch, TRUMPET

David Cran, TRUMPET

Dave Scianella, TROMBONE

Sharon Tiebert, FRENCH HORN

Don Spinelli, TIMPANI

Piffaro, The Renaissance Band:Joan Kimball &

Robert Wiemken, DIRECTORS

Grant Herreid, LUTE, GUITAR,SHAWM, RECORDER

Joan Kimball, SHAWM,RECORDER, BAGPIPE, CORNEMEUSE

Christa Patton, SHAWM, HARP,BAGPIPE, RECORDER

Robert Wiemken, SHAWM, DULCIAN, RECORDER, CORNEMEUSE, PERCUSSION

Tom Zajac, SACKBUT, RECORDER,BAGPIPE, PIPE & TABOR

The Stonecastle Carolers:Douglas Baumgardt *Jacqueline R. BerryAndrea Jones Blackford *Jill C. BraibantiLeah de La Beaujardiere *Gary ColonnaClaudia Hastings Dulmage *Helen Fields *Barbara GesumariaRyan Greene-RoeselZoe Handerson *Lock Handley Julianne J. Harden *James HarklessGillian Hollar *Monica Hosky *Richard KovarDiane Nester Kresh *Jim LazarMichael LewallenChristopher B. LewisGreg LewisSusan Hall LewisNancy LynnMichael Matheson *Sara W. Moses *Celia MurphyElisabeth R. Myers *

Matthew NielsonMari ParkerMichael PlattJohn PomeranzConstance Ridgway *Colin SandelDonna K. SimontonRolf TaffsDiane Behrens WinslowTerry WinslowWilliam Wurzel* THE HIGHTOWER BELLS

The Welspent Youth:Keegan CassadyJessye DePrest Mallary ForbesTrevor LewisJasmine MahboobSarah McClungGordon MooreGlen NorthElizabeth ParisiCharlie SullivanJocelyn TurnerKaty Warren

The Sprytlie Children:Ella BarnesElla Caplin

John L. C. Carter-HirtEmma HardinBlair JamesRebecca Marie McClungAmy Catharine MillerAllie NamesJason NooneRobin PollakJamie SandelVidya L. SrinivasanSimon S. VoorheesMaddy S. G. Weko

The Foggy Bottom Morris Men:Nathaniel BrownPete BrownBrad GrahamAndrew MarcusScott MarcusJud McIntire, FOREMAN

Phinney McIntireColin SandelArt ShawCyd Shelby, MUSICIAN

Joe ShelbyRodger SunderlandGus VoorheesJim VoorheesSimon Voorhees

WASHINGTON REVELS STAFFDirectors:DIRECTOR: Roberta GasbarreMUSIC DIRECTOR: Elizabeth Fulford MillerCHILDREN’S DIRECTOR: Jennifer Swanson VoorheesASSISTANT DIRECTOR: Cheryl Lane

Artistic Staff:ARTISTIC DIRECTOR: Roberta GasbarreSET DESIGNER: Michael PhilippiASSOCIATE SET DESIGNER: Elizabeth Jenkins McFaddenLIGHTING DESIGNER: Colin BillsCOSTUME DESIGNERS: Rosemary Pardee and Emilie LongPROPERTIES DESIGNER: Haley PowellSOUND DESIGNER: Charlie PilzerSOUNDSCAPE DESIGNER: Matthew NielsonMILLINER DESIGNER: Mary CombsCHILDREN’S COSTUME DESIGNER: Cecily PilzerMAKEUP DESIGNER: Peter ZakutanskyMAKEUP DESIGNER FOR MARK JASTER: Jennifer Swanson VoorheesCHILDREN’S MUSICAL CONSULTANT: Anna UrcioloHANDBELL ARRANGEMENTS: Elizabeth Fulford MillerCHANGE RINGING CONSULTANT: Jenny FosterPROGRAM DESIGNER: Mary Flannery, Flannery Studios

Production Staff:PRODUCER: John ClewettPRODUCTION MANAGER: Jason MorrisPRODUCTION STAGE MANAGER: Gil ThompsonSTAGE AND REHEARSAL MANAGER: Jason MorrisSCRIPT MANAGER: Daphne WilliamsCOMPANY MANAGER: Susan LewisCHILDREN’S STAGE MANAGER: Joanna RobinCHORUS MANAGER: Diane Behrens WinslowPROPERTIES MANAGER: Carrie KovarCOSTUMIER: Lois DunlopCOSTUME CONSTRUCTION: Joyce Duffy Bilanow, Laurie Cullen,

Rosanne O. Gochman, Kelle VogelMAKEUP MANAGER: Robin JonesTECH WEEK ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: Ben Fishman, Diane Eichner

Technical Staff:PROPERTIES ARTISAN: Haley PowellSCENIC ARTISTS: Mel Bratz, Jessica FrakesAUDIO DESCRIPTION: Audio Description AssociatesAUDIO DOCUMENTATION: Pete Reiniger, Charlie Pilzer,

Airshow MasteringPHOTO DOCUMENTATION: Sheppard FergusonVIDEO DOCUMENTATION: Team Sound & Vision

BRAILLE PROGRAMS: Services for the Visually ImpairedINTERPRETERS FOR THE HEARING-IMPAIRED: Ava Barnett Morrow

and Joyce DworskyPRINTER: Epiphany Printing CompanyWEBMASTER: Elizabeth Fulford Miller

House Assistance:HOUSE MANAGER: Marta SchleyOUTREACH DRESS PREVIEW MANAGER: Rosanne O. Gochman

Office Staff:EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: John ClewettPUBLIC AFFAIRS: Julianne Fuchs-MusgraveDEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR: Marjorie Goldman

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT: Carrie KovarBOOKKEEPER: Christine McElroy, Rubino & McGeehin

Lisner Auditorium Staff:DIRECTOR: Rosanna RuscettiTECHNICAL DIRECTOR/PRODUCTION MANAGER: Eric AnnisMASTER CARPENTER/ASSISTANT TECHNICAL DIRECTOR: Colin McGeeSOUND ENGINEER/ASSISTANT TECHNICAL DIRECTOR: Michael LeachMASTER ELECTRICIAN: Gretta DaughtreySTAGE TECHNICIANS: Terry Espenschied, Kali McIver,

Aaron McGrewHOUSE MANAGERS: Valerie Hennings, Celeste Pettus MARKETING ASSOCIATE: Carl GraciMAINTENANCE ENGINEER: Robert Scott

PRODUCTION VOLUNTEERSProps Running Crew:Carrie Kovar, PROPS CAPTAIN

Jay DouglasRon GiustiMarissa MaleyEmilie MooreMariah MooreGabrielle NamesWalter PenneyVanessa RobinRose VoorheesBetsy Ware

Makeup Crew:Robin Jones, MAKEUP CAPTAIN

Jann Cassady, ASSISTANT

Kristin Moore, ASSISTANT

Christa Blackman Tiye-Saraia BlagmonAnne BrokerKimberly LandesDiana Lewis-ChunRhianna Nissen Amanda SnowBecky Squire

Wardrobe Crew:Lois Dunlop, WARDROBE

MISTRESS

Joyce Duffy BilanowSteve BilanowAmy BrandenburgClare ColtonLaurie Cullen

Louise DunlopJoicey GranadosRosanne O. GochmanHelen LabadiePatricia MathesonJanice McKenneyDeanna NorthCandace OlssonCindy SpeasSuzie Ward

Wednesday Nights,Props, Schlepping, Set,and Office Crew:Marta BartholemewMartha BehrPeter BehrJoyce Duffy BilanowSteve BilanowAndrea Jones BlackfordHarold BlackfordJann CassadyKeegan CassadyLaurie CullenKathy CutriJeff de La BeaujardiereLeah de La BeaujardiereJessye DePrestLaura DePrestJay DouglasHelen FieldsBill FisherJenny FosterJulianne Fuchs-Musgrave

Barry GalefRoberta GasbarreRosanne GochmanZoe HandersonWyatt JasterRobin JonesRichard KovarGreg LewisSusan Hall LewisDiana Lewis-ChunIjaz MahboobMarissa MaleyPatricia MathesonBruce MillerElizabeth Fulford MillerChristine MorganSara W. MosesEmilie MooreGordon MooreVirginia MurrayMike MurthaMary Eugenia MyerLinda NissenDeanna NorthGlen NorthCandace OlssonMari ParkerConstance RidgwayWilliam L. Ritchie, Jr.Oran SandelDonna K. SimontonCindy SpeasJocelyn Turner

Jim VoorheesFlawn WilliamsDiane Behrens WinslowTerry WinslowWilliam Wurzel

Children’s ChorusProduction Volunteers:Cecily Pilzer, WARDROBE

Fran BarnesKristina CaplinMelissa CarterJan ElickerBess GonglewskiLisa GroshSandra JamesJohn LindsayRose MillerBen NamesDon NamesMartha NooneWhitney PingerVanessa RobinOran SandelHema SundaramRuthie WeckoALL THE CHILDREN’S PARENTS

Recordings & Books:Christine Morgan,

RECORDINGS & BOOKS CAPTAIN

Patrick Sidwell, RECORDINGS & BOOKS CAPTAIN

John Barthlomew

DONORSThe Washington Revels is deeply grateful to the following governmental, foundation, corporate and individual supporters for their generous donations received over the past year. This list was compiled on November 18, 2004.If your name has been omitted or misspelled, please accept our apologies, and call (202) 723-7528 to let us know.

GuarantorsAltria Corporate Services, Inc.Aeolus Fund, Charitable Gift Fund Frida F. BurlingColumbia Capital, LLCKanakia FoundationDavid & Cynthia LangstaffDavid & Martha MartinTed & Mary Gene MyerSally PingreeWilliam L. Ritchie, Jr.Tracy G. SavageSRA International, Inc.Mary & Gerry SwopeVeridian/General DynamicsRussell Williams, LLC,

Scott & Bridget WilliamsTerry & Diane Winslow

PatronsArent Fox, PLLC,

Richard A. Newman

Peter & Marty BehrJames & Alice BreedThe Lewis FamilyManTech International CorporationThe Matheson FamilyGail & John NieldsNat & Ravida PrestonTeam Sound and Vision

SustainersBell South Corporation,

Bill & Nancy McCloskey Tim & Merrill CarringtonCharles Cerf & Cynthia DunbarMr. & Mrs. Clark ChildersJohn & Linda DanielThe D.C. Commission on the Arts

and HumanitiesLinda & John DerrickJean & John EssweinMrs. Rockwood H. FosterBarry Galef & Ellen PostJerry & Jacquelyn Grossman

Vicki R. HerrmannThomas Howell & Shelley RockwellBeverly & Peter JostHelen & David KenneyNina & Kenneth A. KrantzSheila S. LanahanA. Angela Lancaster &

Cantwell F. Muckenfuss, IIILifetime Wealth Planning &

Management, LLC, Carolyn T. Walder

Selby & Roemer McPheeBill & Rose MillerThe National Endowment

for the ArtsKatherine NeviusLovell & Jack OlenderPhilip L. PerkinsCraig & Karen PettiboneGeorge & Doris RhodesIan Roberts & Kathy SeikelPeter J. SchultVivien Silber

Doris Brunot Tom BrysonJen Cutri Kathy Cutri Mary Jo Deering Laura Travis DePrest Diana Derby Dail Doucette Claire FlintoffCorey FlintoffAllan Griff Elaine Hawes Heather Henthorne Pat Hilgard Gina Hill Harry Hill Peg Hosky Cindy Morgan Omotayo Nensala Anne O’Donnell

Ilene PhotosMary Raitt Nancy Shneiderman Bruce Sidwell Genie Sidwell Bebe Sullivan Don Walsh Jeff Wolfe

Board of Directors:Peter Behr, CHAIR

Kashka AshfordAndrea Jones BlackfordRoderic V.O. BoggsJharry BreedSheppard FergusonTom HowellDiane KreshGregory S. LewisDoris Rhodes

William L. Ritchie, Jr.Scott R. WilliamsDiane Behrens Winslow

Advisory Board:Cynthia McCune AllenJill BixlerSarah Holmes BriggsTim CarringtonMary CliffSuzannah FabingGeorge HolmesMary Draper JanneyDavid H. LangstaffSusan Hall LewisNancy ManuszakMichael MathesonDavid B.H. MartinAdelaide M. MillerMary Eugenia Myer

John W. NieldsSandra RobinsonFrances SharonJuliette W. SmithCindy SpeasMary Swope, FOUNDER

Nancy Lindsten TaylorJennifer Swanson VoorheesSheila WeissCharles WilliamsWalter T. WinslowGeorge W. Ziener

Artistic Associates:Mary CombsJudith L. HarrisonEmilie LongRosemary PardeeMichael PhilippiCharlie Pilzer

Julie ArnoldMr. & Mrs. Walter Asmuth, IIIMr. & Mrs. J. Keith AusbrookRoger & Barbara A. BaconFran & Ankie BarnesBarbara Y. BartonDanielle M. BeauchampBob & Betsy BeinDawn & John BellingerJoan T. BrownRuth P. CaineTimothy W. & Patricia CarricoBarbara & Hugh CassidyThe Chapman FoundationKen & Lynn ClineTom Connelly & Carla McAdams Jim & Sandy CooperDonna G. CopsonMary Frances CotchLewis & Kathleen CramptonMichael & Ellen CroninGeorge & Marcia de GarmoJ. F. de La Beaujardiere Catherine M. DeLacyLaura DeprestDeirdre Donahue & Jamie DahlbergWilliam & Carolyn DoyingMorgan Buckli & Dan Fiore Ronald & Jacqueline DunlaveyNancy Dupree

Allen M. EarmanLucille P. EassonWendy & Tom EichlerVernona Elaine ElmsPeter & Kathryn EnchelmayerSvend & Pat EsborgCathie & Fred FagerstromJennifer E. FosterMary E. FrakerCarla Freeman & Donald PerciousRoland Frye & Susan PetteyRosalyn Furukawa & Jeffrey SolarEileen & Richard GarsonAnn GilbertJohn & Kay GradyNelse L. GreenwayDavid U. Gogol & Gloria M. WhiteWhayne & Sandy HafflerMrs. Louis L. HambyBarbara H. HardingCaroline & George HarrisJudith Harrison & Rowland JohnsonTed & Mary HartzNancy Hirshbein & Robert Roche Norman & Ann Marie HicksMolly Holt & Richard AboussieHenry L. HopplerSherrill N. HoughtonThe Howell-McCarthy Family Mack & Sandra James

Elizabeth M. JantheySteve & Debby JencksLiz & Stephen JonesJames & Earline D. JonesMrs. Gilbert W. KeechBud KeithJoan KimballJohn & Christiana KirkpatrickCaroline D. KlamEliza KloseGen. & Mrs. William A. KnowltonDana S. & Raymond W. KochMelinda & Gary KramerJamie L. LanglieJames LazarMr. & Mrs. John F. LeeMichael LehnerTheresa M. LeskoMrs. Bea LindstenJames & Kathy MaherDiane & Warren MartonSuzanne O. McDougalSusan N. CrudgingtonJud & Suzy McIntireJack & Kathleen McKayKevin & Mary McLeanKim & Steve MessingerWilliam MillerHarold A. MouzonWilliam R. Murray

Jeff & Joy SpragensSprenger Lang FoundationThomas & Ilse StaufferMary Lou SteptoeBill Swedish & Linda Griggs David SwopeMerrielou & Ned SymesScott & Christy WallaceHal & Ayse Wiediger

SponsorsAnonymous-2Philip S. Angell & Jane S. CooperAnteon Corporation, Barbara A. &

Joseph M. KampfJill S. BixlerAndrea & Harold BlackfordRod BoggsKatherine & David BradleySara Holmes BriggsHope ChildsJohn Clewett & Cindy SpeasJean & Dick DaviesNorma & John DuggerClaudia & Dennis DulmageLois DunlopThe Eichner FamilyLucinda & Grenville EmmetAnne B. Evans & William F. WallaceWilliam G. Fisher, Jr.Mr. & Mrs. Eric P. FraunfelterJim HarklessJudith Halsey & Stephen VanzeMamoe HtunMr. & Mrs. Geoffrey A. JonesBeverly L. & Peter H. JostAnne B. KeiserAnn & Knight Kiplinger

Caroline Klam & Marjorie DaspitDick, Carolyn & Caroline KovarKPMG Washington FoundationNina & Kenneth A. KrantzDiane & David KreshAnne Marie & Eugene MaransDavid & Linda MeadeJanice E. McKenneyExxon-Mobil Gift MatchingMadeline NelsonTrudi OlivettiCharles Jay Pilzer and

Geraldine PilzerArlene Rodenbeck & Rick MorganRubino & McGeenin, CPA

ConsultantsJohn & Martha SchwietersJanie & Tillman StirlingR. David TaylorCynthia TerrellJenni, Jim, Gus, Rose & Simon

VoorheesThacher W. White & Doris Blazek-

White

SupportersAnonymous—1Donald Adams & Ellen MalandDouglas & Prudence AdlerBarbara BallDinah BearJacqueline R. BerryMr. Robert BrentAnn BushmillerTim & Trish CarricoBill & Stacie CondrellJoya Bovington CoxEric & Brita Cronquist

Mr. & Mrs. R.T. DaviesMr. & Mrs. Clarence Dodge, Jr.Kevin B. & Sharon W. DooleyCarolyn & William DoyingPeter & Joshua EvelethDr. & Mrs. James A. MusprattShep FergusonGary E. FosterJoy & John GarneyElizabeth GravesGreenspan-Davis FamilyThomas A. Gribble & Irene R. HeisigCarol GuglielmFred HadeedMrs. Frances P. HambyMrs. W. Paul Hicks, IITom & Shelly HowellRussell Mikel, Alison Hurst &

FamilyFranziska Reed HuxleyLeslie D. HydeIsabel JasinowskiPeter H. & Beverly L. JostMartha S. LewisPardee Lowe, Jr.Nancy ManuszakJim McCulloughLouise & Sandy McGinnesDavid MeadeDaniel J. Mick & Maureen A.

Jais-MickAbigail Miller & Robert RyderJames C. & Kathleen R. MillerBronson & Paul OosterhuisThe Paper Paintbrush, Anne &

Francis Leslie Sheila PetersLillian PetersonAnita Scovanner & Will RamseyMichael J. ReillyM. Challinor & H. RichardsonSandy & David RobinsonJoe SereneHon. & Mrs. Kenneth W. StarrMalcolm StevensonMarian UrnikisRuth & Jonathan WeisgallJim & Marca WoodhamsJennifer & Walter Zukowski

Special FriendsAnonymous—10Cynthia McCune AllenAnna AmatoMrs. Robert Amory, Jr.Richard E. & Anne A. Andrews

Musikids Inc., Lisa FlaxmanApryll NakamuraNational Title Insurance Corp.Patmarie & Andrew NedelkaWinkle W. NemethLinda Smith & Rob Nissen Linda Warren ParksJudith G. Perry, M.D.Mr. & Mrs. Carroll Perry, Jr.Whitney Pinger & Roger PollakEleanor K. PourronThorn PozenAnita S. RamseyEdward E. RawsonMarie & Steve ReedDiane RegasPatti Reynolds & Harold NelsonCary RidderConstance G. RidgwayMark & Dawn RoddyHelen M. RosenthalSuzanne & Steve Rudzinski in mem-

ory of Donna DavisThe Ryan FamilyMr. & Mrs. Albert L. SalterSharon & Bill SchaeferOlaf SchoenrichMichael & Sophie SchubertNancy & Jim ScottNorman & Shirley Scribner

Walter SczudloRobert & Linda SearsJohn G. & Joanne G. SmaleJuliette W. & Richard A. SmithJuliette W. Smith-In memory of Mrs.

Virginia SchultzJohn E. & Joyce E. SpeasJeffrey & Kathryn SprowlsGary & Kay StevensJane StutsmanSusan Swope & Shirley

TannenbaumMichelle S. Terrell-LongStephen & Kristine TruittWanda Van GoorMr. John Vanderstar & Ms. M.

Elizabeth CulbrethCurtis E. Von KannKathleen East WalkerMarion M. WallJacqueline WallenJohn D. Ward & Abigail EltzrothJohn D. WardVirginia & Chris WhiteJim & Marietta WittRay & Jean Witter

FriendsAnonymous—7

Frances D. & Robert M. AllenIrene E. AmmannJean W. ArnoldJudith Bailey & Michael S. Lund Mr. & Mrs. Robert F. Baldwin, Jr.Dr. Marilyn BatePeter BensonTuppence BlackwellMary BlandfordStuart Blue & Christopher ThacherJoan BrownJoan & Stephen BurnsTimothy & Patricia CarricoElisabeth CarrollBarbara M. CassidyAnne O’Donnell & Thomas

ChambersJohn Chapman ChesterSusan ChiangMary CliffMr. Wayne R. CohenGail E. CollinsVirginia CollinsJohn & Linda ConcannonJane & Dennis CoskrenMary CulbertsonLaurel CullenMargo M. CunniffeApril CurnowBeth Curren & Dwain Winters

Evan M. DuncanJanet C. DwireJohannes & Deena DzidzienyoLennart & Willia EckerbergHugh Eckert & Stacia SchwartzDoris A. EvensJ. C. & Ruanne EwingHarvey & Bonnie FergussonJames & Gwyn FieldsTom ForgueJames FremmingDavid & Kimberly GibsonNancy GoldcampHilton Lee GrahamMichael Gravitz & Tracey MarksJohn & Julianne GreenspanEunice & George GrierRobbie GriffinGordon & Velva GrooverRobert, Caroline & Sara HarlowLawrence P. HayesSara & John HebelerGordon & Carol HenleyMarjorie HerbertWilliam & Martha HoffmanNancy HoldcampA. M. HoopesIBM International Foundation

Matching FundMrs. James H. JacksonBarbara Jacobi & Randy CecilAnne & Bruce JamesBeverly JenkinsJensen FamilyTom Jerman & Lani PoderickPhil & Susan Johnson

Fred & Molly KelloggSue King, Eleanor & Andrea HallJames H. KleigerLt. Col. & Mrs. Bruce O. KleinThe Knautz FamilyFred & Kimi KolbrenerDale & Joann KrumviedeLinda & Oscar LarsonCynthis S. LassnoffAlden & Gordon LattuMarlene Tyler LawsonGlenn A. LehmannMichael LehnerChristopher LewisDiana Lewis-ChunAnne Bush LittleAlice & William LowenthalB.Z. MalloryMeredith & Allen McIntoshMr. & Mrs. William McMillan, Jr.Philip G. MeikleElizabeth F. & Bruce MillerBeth & Dick MitchellJason MorrisSuzanne MunsonCindy MyersCarol & David NatellaThomas Nelson & Pamela Hawley-

NelsonJean NobleCarl & Vivian NordenNorah Irene & Moriah Kathleen

O’BrienMrs. Helen H. O’LearyThe Parisi FamilyMr. & Mrs. David E. Putnam

Marie & Steve ReedSusan V. RileyJane R. RolufsRuth & Peter SalingerPeggy SchaefferTed SchneiderCarol SchwartzNancy ShneidermanThe Silvano FamilyDonna SimontonRobert L. SmithJohn & Martha SolesTracy E. SpencerRichard StearnsBill & Katharine StewartAnne Marie StratosJohn L. & Elizabeth SullivanHema SundaramAlice TarnowskiSharon TiebertSara D. ToneyPatrick J. Torrillo, Jr.William van Eeghen & Marcelle

KreuzeSue & Hugh Van HornNan VulgamoreDerek & Sissy WalkerDon WalshLisa Gucinski WatermanDeanne WaytJohn & Alice WieseDaphne WilliamsLinda WorthingtonWilliam Wurzel

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SPECIAL THANKSMany cheerful hearts and willing hands have made this year’s show a reality. Of the many to whom we are grateful,we wish to offer particular thanks to:

· Lowell School for support in many areas, and in particular for providing audition, rehearsal, meetingand office space for The Washington Revels.

· The Potomac School, The Washington EpiscopalSchool, Bethesda Elementary School and CrosswayCommunity for providing rehearsal space, and St.Columba’s Episcopal Church for providing auditionspace.

· The Friends of the National Arboretum, and AllHallows Guild of Washington National Cathedral, for providing wonderful venues for our Bringing in the May festivities.

· The Maryland Renaissance Festival for allowing The Washington Revels to have a table at the Festivalfor three weekends this fall.

· The Philadelphia Revels, Cindy Speas, Mary EugeniaMyer and Diane Behrens Winslow for the loan ofantlers of deer, elk and moose to adorn the Great Hall.

· Arena Stage and Chris Lewton for the loan of a fogmachine.

· The Shakespeare Theatre for costumes.

· Dennis Mulligan of Montgomery College for the loanof props.

· Mary Eugenia Myer and Tommy Wang for assistancewith props design and construction.

· Eric Annis, Colin McGee and Terry Espenschied ofLisner Auditorium for skillfully and cheerfully, aboveand beyond the call of duty, helping construct our set.

· Bill Clague and Bruce Miller for constructing the trophy poles mounted on stage.

· Laurie Cullen, Lois Dunlop, Joyce Duffy Bilanow andSteve Bilanow for constructing the backdrop and sidecurtains for our set.

· Steve Campanella of Montgomery College for constructing the pillory for the Fool.

· Lois Dunlop and the Wednesday Night Volunteers forconstructing, among many other things, the motleyrobe for the Lord of Misrule.

· Peter Austin & Elizabeth Thornton of Quail Hill Farmfor the poplar trees used onstage.

· John Langstaff, Master of Revels, for assembling sucha rich body of traditional material and dramatizing itso that it comes alive for thousands of people in

communities across America, and Washington RevelsFounder Mary Swope for planting and nurturing theRevels tradition in Washington, D.C.

· Revels Artistic Director Patrick Swanson for the origi-nal conception of the production we present this year.

· Susan Cooper, Mary Swope, Mary Eugenia Myer,Elizabeth Fulford Miller and Joan Kimball for materialupon which the program notes are based.

· Sheppard Ferguson for publicity photos of the King and the Fool.

· Doug Baumgardt, Peter Behr, Andrea and HaroldBlackford, Amy Brandenburg, Myron Bretholz, BrianCardell, Lois Dunlop, Shannon Finney, Barry Galef,David Giusti, Julianne Harden, Judy Harrison, SteveHickman, James Houton, Mark Jaster, Diane Kresh,Lisa Leake, Greg and Susan Lewis, Elizabeth F. Miller,Keith Moore, Elizabeth Myers, Mari Parker, RickeyPayton, Piffaro, Charlie Pilzer, Haley Powell, ChristinaRobinson, Virginia Ryan, Jamie Sandal, Oran Sandel,Cindy Speas, Michelle Terrell-Long and FlawnWilliams, among others, for participating inWashington Revels educational outreach perform-ances at The Library of Congress, The SmithsonianInstitution’s Discovery Theater and The World Bank.

· Mark Jaster, Donna Simonton, and Charlie and CecilyPilzer, for providing hospitality for our guest artists.

· Helen French for database technical support.

· Bruce Miller and William Wurzel for their many volunteer hours in the office, and in particular fortheir database systems analysis.

· Elizabeth Fulford Miller for web design and support of our public and production websites.

· All those who provided production support to theThird Annual Washington Revels Gala, and to SteveHickman, Joan Kimball and Charlie Pilzer for theirmusic.

· Drink More Water for providing water for our cast at Lisner Auditorium.

· Mary Flannery of Flannery Design for creative designwork under deadline pressure.

· Cindy Speas for her help in dozens of ways, from costumes and set construction to editorial and strategic advice, and for her immeasurable support to the Washington Revels office staff.