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    Middle Years - Information Technology 8

    Course Description:

    Alexandra Middle Schools Information Technology course is intended to allow middle

    years students in Grade 8 the opportunity to explore the Internet and the plethora of learning

    opportunities found within. This course is broken up into two units of study, the first unit

    (labeled Web 1.0) provides students with the necessary knowledge and skills needed to

    navigate and explore the Internet safely. The second unit (labeled Web 2.0) promotes

    collaborative learning through the exploration of various software and hardware technologies

    used to enhance the student-learning environment. Even though this course is taught in a

    traditional brick-and-mortar building, the delivery of content and completion of

    activities/projects follows a modern hybrid model, however if necessary this course could be

    completely delivered in an online environment. For a greater understanding of this course

    and more specifically the second unit, please refer to both the course outline and visual

    lesson outline on the following pages.

    Pre-Unit 2 Activities:

    For the second unit of this course to operate smoothly, various resources will need to

    be created before the course begins. Below is a brief list of these resources:

    Pre-Unit 2 Resources:

    Information Technology Project Wiki

    Edmodo Information Technology Groups

    o General Course Group

    o Specific Topic Groups for Reflective Purposes

    Multiple Information Technology Screencasts hosted on schooltube.com

    http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.schooltube.com/user/tomwhytehttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.schooltube.com/user/tomwhyte
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    Information Technology

    Course Outline Grade 8

    Themes:

    Web 1.0:

    o Web Safety

    2+ Lessonso Internet Searching

    3+ Lessons

    Web 2.0:

    o Research Project

    16+ Lessons

    *Note: These times serve as a general guideline and may change at the teachers discretion*

    Course Objectives:

    The main goals of this course is to prepare students to:

    use technology confidently to help in both school and home

    appreciate and value web safety

    become technologically literate

    commit themselves to lifelong learning

    Assignments and Projects:

    Students learn by doing. Both instructor and student directed activities will be provided, allowingstudents an opportunity to learn through practice and investigation. It is expected that students willcomplete all activities and projects.

    If a student is absent for a lesson(s), it will be their responsibility to review the material they missed ontheir own time, and ask their instructor for any needed clarification.

    Evaluation:

    Report Period:

    Activities and Assignments - 25%

    Course Reflections - 25%

    Research Project - 50%

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    Information Technology 8

    Unit 2 Visual Lesson Outline

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    Information Technology 8 - Learning Outcomes:

    Students will:

    Cognitive General Outcomes Cognitive Specific Outcomes1. Investigate information on a particular technology

    utilizing human and non-human resources(comprehension)

    1.1. Research information on a particular technology using human and non-human resources (comprehension)

    1.2. Locate a minimum of three definitions involving a particular technology usingonline resources (comprehension)

    1.3. Paraphrase a minimum of three definitions involving a particular technologyusing digital collaboration technology (comprehension)

    1.4. List previously known and unknown facts on a particular technology usingdigital collaboration technology (knowledge)

    1.5. Generate a list of questions on a particular technology using digitalcollaboration technology (synthesis)

    1.6. Propose a minimum of four classroom uses for a particular technology usingdigital collaboration technology (synthesis)

    2. Evaluate and synthesize knowledge on a particulartechnology using digital collaborative technologies(evaluation and synthesis)

    2.1. Compare and combine knowledge gained within group on a particulartechnology using digital collaboration technology (analysis, synthesis)

    2.2. Collaboratively paraphrase key information from group on a particulartechnology using digital collaboration technology (comprehension, synthesis)

    2.3. Generate a collaborative digital graphic organizer outlining proposed digitalpresentation on a particular technology (synthesis)

    3. Generate and display a digital presentation on aparticular technology (synthesis)

    3.1. Construct digital presentation containing at least ten student uses of aparticular technology within a classroom using a collaborative digital graphicorganizer (synthesis)

    3.2. Display initial digital presentation within digital collaboration technology3.3.

    Modify digital presentation based upon appropriate suggestions from socialnetworking site (evaluation)3.4. Share with class final digital presentation within social networking site

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    Students will:

    Affective General Outcomes Affective Specific Outcomes1. Demonstrate collaborative learning within face-to-face

    and digital environments (valuing)1.1. Behave according to instructor provided guidelines in both face-to-face and

    digital environments (valuing)1.2. Contribute information to face-to-face and digital group on particular

    technology within digital collaboration technology (responding)1.3. Assist group members in project research, discussions, and digital

    presentation in both face-to-face and digital environments (responding)

    2. Demonstrate reflective learning within a digitalenvironment (internalizing)

    2.1. Reflect on project research, discussions and digital presentation with groupmembers in digital environments (organizing, internalizing)

    2.2. Accept feedback in face-to-face and digital environments according toinstructor provided guidelines(receiving)

    2.3. Advocate and defend your position in face-to-face and digital environmentsaccording to instructor provided guidelines(internalizing)

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    Students will:

    Psychomotor General Outcomes Psychomotor Specific Outcomes1. Observe course resources that support research project

    and digital presentation (perception)1.1. Watch digital video resources regarding school based electronic mail within

    digital environments (perception)1.2. Watch digital video resources regarding collaborative/communication sites

    within digital environments (perception)1.3. Watch digital video resources regarding collaborative digital graphic

    organizer within digital environments (perception)

    2. Imitate actions observed within course resources thatsupport research project and digital presentation (guidedresponse)

    2.1. Duplicate actions observed within digital video resources about school basedelectronic mail presented within digital environments (guided response)

    2.2. Duplicate actions observed within digital video resources aboutcollaborative/communication sites presented within digital environments(guided response)

    2.3. Duplicate actions observed within digital video resources about collaborativedigital graphic organizer presented within digital environments (guidedresponse)

    Students will:

    Interpersonal General Outcomes Interpersonal Specific Outcomes1. Work cooperatively, collaboratively and effectively as

    part of a face-to-face and digital group1.1. Demonstrate respect for others viewpoints in both face-to-face and digital

    environments1.2. Give feedback (critical, non-threatening) in both face-to-face and virtual

    environments1.3. Receive, and reflect on feedback in both face-to-face and digital

    environments

    2. Build and support a research project and digitalpresentation as part of a face-to-face and digital group

    2.1. Propose project and presentation ideas in both face-to-face and digitalenvironments

    2.2. Seek and/or give information/advice on project in face-to-face and digitalenvironments

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    Information Technology 8 Unit 2 Design:

    Cognitive General Outcome: #1 Investigate information on a particular technology utilizing human and non-human resources (comprehension)

    Cognitive Specific Outcomes #1What Students Will Learn

    (Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)How Students Will Learn

    (Learning Activities)What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    1.1. Research information ona particular technologyusing human and non-human resources(comprehension)

    1.2. Locate a minimum ofthree definitions involvinga particular technologyusing online resources(comprehension)

    1.3.

    Paraphrase a minimumof three definitionsinvolving a particulartechnology using digitalcollaboration technology(comprehension)

    1.4. List previously knownand unknown facts on aparticular technologyusing digital collaborationtechnology (knowledge)

    1.5. Generate a list ofquestions on a particulartechnology using digitalcollaboration technology(synthesis)

    1.6. Propose a minimum offour classroom uses for aparticular technologyusing digital collaborationtechnology (synthesis)

    Benefits anddrawbacks of specifichardware and web basedapplications for studenteducational purposes

    Life and CareerSkillso Manage Goals and

    Timeo Work Independently

    o Be Self-DirectedLearners

    Learning andInnovation Skillso Think Creatively

    Information, Mediaand Technology Skillso Access and Evaluate

    Informationo Use and Manage

    Informationo Apply Technology

    Effectively

    Lesson #2o 2 Periods

    SOs 1.1 1.6

    Student willindividually completeteacher providedresearch worksheetregarding specific topic:(1.1 1.6)o Blogging

    o Cell Phones

    o mp3 Players

    o Social Networking

    o Podcastingo Wikis

    Worksheet: (1.1 1.6)o Teacher

    ProvidedResearchWorksheet

    Various face-to-faceand digital resourcesincluding: (1.1 1.6)

    o Search Engines

    o Blogso Videos

    o Podcasts

    o Instructor

    Initial research linkslocated within coursewiki: (1.1 1.6)

    o Information

    TechnologyProject Wiki

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology:

    o Course Wiki

    Activities:

    Place students intoresearch groups

    Provide students with aspecific research topicand initial researchworksheet

    Record student groupsand research topic

    Facilitate individual

    student research, byplacing exampleresearch information ocourse wiki

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Check List Assessmenfor SOs 1.1 1.6

    Cognitive General Outcome: #2 Evaluate and synthesize knowledge on a particular technology using digital collaborative technologies (evaluation and synthesis)

    Cognitive Specific Outcomes #2 What Students Will Learn(Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #) How Students Will Learn(Learning Activities) What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources) Technology That WillFacilitate Learning Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment2.1. Compare and combine

    knowledge gained withingroup on a particulartechnology using digitalcollaboration technology(analysis, synthesis)

    Appropriate digitalcitizenship, collaborative andreflective learning withinface-to-face and digitalenvironments

    Life and Career Skills

    Students work in smallface-to-face and digitalgroups (2-3) tocollaboratively:

    o Summarize

    research (2.1

    Student generatedresearch from originalworksheet provided byinstructor (2.1 2.2)

    Teacher provided

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology

    o Course Wiki

    Activities:

    Create individual wikipages for studentsresearch

    Invite individualstudents to course wiki

    http://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/Project+Resourceshttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/Project+Resourceshttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/Project+Resourceshttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/Project+Resourceshttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/Project+Resourceshttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/Project+Resourceshttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://docs.google.com/View?id=ddmqct2t_542dvzpxtnthttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/
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    2.2. Collaborativelyparaphrase keyinformation from group ona particular technologyusing digital collaborationtechnology(comprehension,synthesis)

    2.3. Generate a collaborativedigital graphic organizeroutlining proposed digitalpresentation on aparticular technology(synthesis)

    o Be Flexible

    o Manage Goals and

    Timeo Interact Effectively

    With Others

    Learning and InnovationSkills

    o Think Creatively

    o Work Creatively With

    Otherso Reason Effectively

    o Make Judgments and

    Decisionso Communicate Clearly

    o Collaborate with

    Others

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Access and Evaluate

    Informationo Use and Manage

    Informationo Create Media

    Productso Apply Technology

    Effectively

    Lesson #4o 2 Periods

    SOs 2.1/2.2

    Lesson #8/9o 1 Period Each

    SOs 2.3

    2.2)o Generate mind

    map outliningproposed digitalpresentation(2.3)

    Students willindividually followlearning communityguidelines provided byinstructor in both face-to-face and digitalenvironments (2.1 2.3)

    learning communityguidelines locatedwithin course wiki (2.3)

    Screencasts on:o Introduction To

    Using A Wiki(2.1 2.2)

    o How To Use

    MindMeister.com (2.3)

    Video Hosting Service:o schooltube.com

    Digital Graphic Organizero mindmeister.com

    Embed the followingscreencasts, on coursewiki and Edmodo:

    o Introduction To

    Using A Wikio How To Use

    Mindmeister.com

    Monitor digitalenvironment basedupon instructorprovided learningcommunity guidelines

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Check List Assessmenfor SOs

    o 2.1/2.2

    Rubric Assessment forSO 2.3

    Cognitive General Outcome: #3 Generate and display a digital presentation on a particular technology (synthesis)

    Cognitive Specific Outcomes #3What Students Will Learn

    (Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)How Students Will Learn

    (Learning Activities)What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    3.1. Construct digitalpresentation containing atleast ten student uses ofa particular technologywithin a classroom usinga collaborative digitalgraphic organizer(synthesis)

    Life and Career Skillso Be Flexible

    o Manage Goals and

    Timeo Interact Effectively

    With Others

    Learning and Innovation

    Students work in smallface-to-face and digitalgroups (2-3) tocollaborativelygenerate/display/modifydigital presentation basedupon research and

    Teacher providedlearning communityguidelines locatedwithin course wiki andposted in socialnetworking site (3.1 3.4)

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology

    o Course Wiki

    Video Hosting Service:

    Activities:

    Embed the followingscreencasts on coursewiki and Edmodo:

    o How To Use

    MindMeister.com

    http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/
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    3.2. Display initial digitalpresentation within digitalcollaboration technology

    3.3. Modify digitalpresentation based uponappropriate suggestionsfrom social networkingsite (evaluation)

    3.4. Share with class finaldigital presentation withinsocial networking site

    Skillso Work Creatively With

    Otherso Communicate Clearly

    o Collaborate With

    Others

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Access and Evaluate

    Informationo Use and Manage

    Informationo Create Media

    Productso Apply Technology

    Effectively

    Lesson #6/7/12o 1 Period Each

    SOs 3.3

    Lesson #10o 2 Periods

    SOs 3.1

    Lesson #11o 1 Period

    SOs 3.2

    Lesson #13o 1 Period

    SOs 3.4

    feedback (3.1 3.4)

    Students will individuallypractice reflective learningin face-to-face and digitalenvironments (3.1 3.4)

    Students will individuallyfollow learning communityguidelines provided byinstructor in both face-to-face and digitalenvironments (3.3)

    Screencasts on:o How To Use

    MindMeister.com (3.1, 3.3)

    o How To Display

    Image in Wiki(3.2, 3.3)

    o How To Display

    Image inEdmodo (3.3,3.4)

    o How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo (3.3,3.4)

    o schooltube.com

    Digital Graphic Organizero mindmeister.com

    Social Networking Site:o edmodo.com

    o How To Display

    Image in Wikio How To Display

    Image inEdmodo

    o How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo

    Monitor digitalenvironment basedupon instructorprovided learningcommunity guidelines

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Check List Assessmenfor SOs

    o 3.2/3.4

    Rubric Assessment forSOs

    o 3.1/3.3

    Affective General Outcome: #1 Demonstrate collaborative learning within face-to-face and digital environments (valuing)

    Affective Specific Outcomes #1What Students Will Learn

    (Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)How Students Will Learn

    (Learning Activities)What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    1.1. Behave according toinstructor providedguidelines in both face-to-face and digitalenvironments (valuing)

    1.2. Contribute information toface-to-face and digitalgroup on particular

    Appropriate digitalcitizenship, collaborativeand reflective learningwithin face-to-face anddigital environments

    Life and Career Skillso Interact

    Effectively With

    Students willwork individually to:o Provide information,

    resources to groupin face-to-face anddigital environments(1.1 1.3)

    o Post reflections on

    Teacher providedlearning communityguidelines located withincourse wiki and postedin social networking site(1.1 1.3)

    Screencasts on:

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology

    o Course Wiki

    Video Hosting Service:o schooltube.com

    Activities: Post instructor provided

    learning communityguidelines in course wikand Edmodo

    Embed the followingscreencasts on coursewiki and Edmodo:

    http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/
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    technology within digitalcollaboration technology(responding)

    1.3. Assist group members inproject research,discussions, and digitalpresentation in both face-to-face and digitalenvironments(responding)

    Otherso Guide and Lead

    Otherso Be Responsible

    to Others

    Learning and InnovationSkills

    o Work Creatively

    With Otherso Reason

    Effectivelyo Communicate

    Clearlyo Collaborate With

    Others

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Access and

    EvaluateInformation

    o Use and Manage

    Informationo Apply

    TechnologyEffectively

    Lesson #5/6/7o 1 Period Each

    SOs 1.1 1.3

    research project indigital environments(1.1 1.3)

    o Comment on other

    groups researchproject in digitalenvironment indigital environment(1.1 1.3)

    o Introduction To

    Using A Wiki(1.2, 1.3)

    o How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo (1.2,1.3)

    o How To Use

    Mindmeister.com(1.3)

    Social Networking Siteo edmodo.com

    o Introduction To

    Using A Wikio How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo

    o How To Use

    Mindmeister.com

    Monitor digitalenvironment basedupon instructor providedlearning communityguidelines

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Rubric Assessment forSOs

    o 1.1 - 1.3

    Affective General Outcome: #2 Demonstrate reflective learning within a digital environment (internalizing)

    Affective Specific Outcomes #2What Students Will Learn

    (Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)How Students Will Learn

    (Learning Activities)What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    2.1. Reflect on projectresearch, discussionsand digital presentationwith group members indigital environments

    (organizing, internalizing)2.2. Accept feedback in face-

    to-face and digitalenvironments accordingto instructor providedguidelines (receiving)

    2.3. Advocate and defendyour position in face-to-

    Appropriate digitalcitizenship, collaborativeand reflective learningwithin face-to-face anddigital environments

    Life and Career Skillso Be Flexible

    o Interact Effectively

    With Otherso Work Effectively

    With Otherso Guide and Lead

    Others

    Students will work bothindividually and as agroup in both face-to-face and digitalenvironments to reflect

    upon their researchproject and digitalpresentation (2.1 2.3)

    Students will individuallypractice reflectivelearning in face-to-faceand digital environments

    Teacher providedlearning communityguidelines located withincourse wiki and postedin social networking site

    (2.1 2.3)

    Screencasts on:o Introduction To

    Using A Wiki (2.1- 2.3)

    o How To Post A

    Message In

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology

    o Course Wiki

    Video Hosting Service:o schooltube.com

    Social Networking Site:o edmodo.com

    Activities:

    Monitor digitalenvironment basedupon instructor providedlearning community

    guidelines Embed the following

    screencasts on coursewiki and Edmodo:

    o Introduction To

    Using A Wikio How To Post A

    Message In

    http://www.edmodo.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.edmodo.com/
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    face and digitalenvironments accordingto instructor providedguidelines (internalizing)

    o Be Responsible to

    Others

    Learning and InnovationSkills

    o Work Creatively With

    Otherso Reason Effectively

    o Communicate

    Clearlyo Collaborate With

    Others

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Access and Evaluate

    Informationo Use and Manage

    Informationo Apply Technology

    Effectively

    Lesson #5/6/7o 1 Period Each

    SOs 2.1 2.3

    (2.1 2.3) Edmodo (2.1 -2.3)

    Edmodo

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Utilize RubricAssessment for SOs

    o 2.1 - 2.3

    Psychomotor General Outcome: #1 Observe course resources that support research project and digital presentation (perception)Psychomotor SpecificOutcomes #1

    What Students Will Learn(Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)

    How Students Will Learn(Learning Activities)

    What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    1.1. Watch digital videoresources regardingschool based electronicmail within digitalenvironments(perception)

    1.2. Watch digital videoresources regardingcollaborative/communicati

    on sites within digitalenvironments(perception)

    1.3. Watch digital videoresources regardingcollaborative digitalgraphic organizer withindigital environments

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Access and

    EvaluateInformation

    Lesson #1o 1 Period

    SOs 1.1

    Lesson #3/6o 1 Period Each

    SOs 1.2

    Lesson #8o 1 Period

    SOs 1.3

    Students will individuallywatch instructor providedscreencasts within digitalenvironments to gainnecessary information onhow to utilize specifictechnologies within course(1.1 1.3)

    Screencasts on thefollowing information:o How To Create An

    Email Account (1.1)o How To Login to Your

    Email Account (1.1)o Provide Email

    Information To YourInstructor (1.1)

    o How To Join AWikispace (1.2)

    o Introduction To Using A

    Wiki (1.2)o How To Signup For

    Edmodo (1.2)o How To Join An

    Edmodo Group (1.2)

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology

    o Course Wiki

    Video Hosting Service:o schooltube.com

    o Social Networking Site:o edmodo.com

    Activities:

    Embed followingscreencasts on coursewiki and Edmodo:

    o How To Create

    An Email Accouno How To Login to

    Your EmailAccount

    o Provide EmailInformation ToYour Instructor

    o How To Join A

    Wikispaceo Introduction To

    Using A Wikio How To Signup

    http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.edmodo.com/
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    (perception) o How To Post A

    Message In Edmodo(1.2)

    o How To Change

    Edmodo Settings (1.2)o How To Signup For A

    Mindmeister.comAccount (1.3)

    o How To Use

    Mindmeister.com (1.3)

    For Edmodoo How To Join An

    Edmodo Groupo How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo

    o How To Change

    Edmodo Settingso How To Signup

    For AMindmeister.comAccount

    o How To Use

    Mindmeister.com

    Assist:o When asked

    o With anytechnical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Check List Assessmentfor SOs

    o 1.1 - 1.3

    Psychomotor General Outcome: #2 Imitate actions observed within course resources that support research project and digital presentation (guided response)Psychomotor SpecificOutcomes #2

    What Students Will Learn(Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)

    How Students Will Learn(Learning Activities)

    What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    2.1. Duplicate actionsobserved within digitalvideo resources aboutschool based electronicmail presented withindigital environments(guided response)

    2.2. Duplicate actionsobserved within digitalvideo resources aboutcollaborative/communicati

    on sites presented withindigital environments(guided response)

    2.3. Duplicate actionsobserved within digitalvideo resources aboutcollaborative digitalgraphic organizer

    Utilization ofintroductory informationregarding multiple webbased applications

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Apply Technology

    Effectively

    Lesson #1o 1 Period

    SOs 2.1

    Lesson #3/6o 1 Period Each

    SOs 2.2

    Lesson #8

    Students will individuallyrecreate actions witnessedon instructor providedscreencasts within digitalenvironments (2.1 2.3)

    Screencasts on thefollowing information:o How To Create An

    Email Account (2.1)o How To Login to Your

    Email Account (2.1)o Provide Email

    Information To YourInstructor (2.1)

    o How To Join A

    Wikispace (2.2)o Introduction To Using A

    Wiki (2.2)o How To Signup For

    Edmodo (2.2)o How To Join An

    Edmodo Group (2.2)o How To Post A

    Message In Edmodo

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology

    o Course Wiki

    Video Hosting Service:o schooltube.com

    Digital GraphicOrganizer

    o mindmeister.com

    Social Networking Site:o edmodo.com

    Electronic Mailo School Based E-

    Activities:

    Embed following formson course wiki andEdmodo:

    o E-mail Creation

    o E-mail

    Information

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Check List Assessmentfor SOs

    o 2.1 - 2.3

    http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.sd76.ab.ca/email/sd76-student-logon.asphttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDg2WktFS0NuT3VNQlkzTEh1SERJSXc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.sd76.ab.ca/email/sd76-student-logon.asphttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDg2WktFS0NuT3VNQlkzTEh1SERJSXc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MA
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    presented within digitalenvironments (guidedresponse)

    o 1 Period

    SOs 2.3

    (2.2)o How To Change

    Edmodo Settings (2.2)o How To Signup For A

    Mindmeister.comAccount (2.3)

    o How To Use

    Mindmeister.com (2.3)

    mail Account

    Digital Form Maker(Google Forms)

    o E-mail Creation

    o E-mail

    Information

    Interpersonal General Outcome: #1 Work cooperatively, collaboratively and effectively as part of a face-to-face and digital groupInterpersonal SpecificOutcomes #1

    What Students Will Learn(Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)

    How Students Will Learn(Learning Activities)

    What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    1.1. Demonstrate respect forothers viewpoints in bothface-to-face and digital

    environments1.2. Give feedback (critical,

    non-threatening) in bothface-to-face and virtualenvironments

    1.3. Receive, and reflect onfeedback in both face-to-face and digitalenvironments

    Appropriate digitalcitizenship, collaborativeand reflective learning

    within face-to-face anddigital environments

    Life and Career Skillso Interact Effectively

    With Otherso Guide and Lead

    Otherso Be Responsible to

    Others

    Learning and InnovationSkills

    o Work Creatively With

    Otherso Reason Effectively

    o Communicate

    Clearlyo Collaborate With

    Others

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Access and Evaluate

    Informationo Use and Manage

    Informationo Apply Technology

    Effectively

    Lesson #5o 1 Period

    Students will individuallyfollow learning communityguidelines provided by

    instructor in both face-to-face and digital formats(1.1 - 1.3)

    Students will individuallypractice reflective learningin face-to-face and digitalenvironments (1.2 - 1.3)

    Teacher providedlearning communityguidelines located within

    course wiki and postedin social networking site(1.1 - 1.3)

    Screencasts on thefollowing information:

    o How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo (1.1 -1.3)

    Internet

    Digital Collaborative

    Technologyo Course Wiki

    Video Hosting Service:o schooltube.com

    o Social Networking Site:

    o edmodo.com

    Activities:

    Monitor digitalenvironment based

    upon instructor providedlearning communityguidelines

    Embed the followingscreencasts on coursewiki and Edmodo:

    o How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Rubric Assessment forSOs

    o 1.1 - 1.3

    http://www.sd76.ab.ca/email/sd76-student-logon.asphttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDg2WktFS0NuT3VNQlkzTEh1SERJSXc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.sd76.ab.ca/email/sd76-student-logon.asphttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDg2WktFS0NuT3VNQlkzTEh1SERJSXc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&cfg=true&formkey=dDBzRy1QYXhqYmNTRlVfTzJ6RWV2Smc6MAhttp://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.edmodo.com/
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    SOs 1.1/1.2

    Lesson #6/7o 1 Period Each

    SOs 1.2/1.3

    Interpersonal General Outcome: #2 Build and support a research project and digital presentation as part of a face-to-face and digital groupInterpersonal SpecificOutcomes #2

    What Students Will Learn(Content/Topic/Skills/Lesson #)

    How Students Will Learn(Learning Activities)

    What Students Will Use ToLearn (Learning Resources)

    Technology That WillFacilitate Learning

    Instructor Activities -Potential Assessment

    2.1. Propose project andpresentation ideas in bothface-to-face and digitalenvironments

    2.2. Seek and/or giveinformation/advice onproject in face-to-faceand digital environments

    Appropriate citizenship,collaborative and reflectivelearning within face-to-faceand digital environments

    Life and Career Skillso Interact Effectively

    With Otherso

    Guide and LeadOtherso Be Responsible to

    Others

    Learning and InnovationSkills

    o Work Creatively With

    Otherso Reason Effectively

    o Communicate

    Clearlyo Collaborate With

    Others

    Information, Media andTechnology Skills

    o Access and Evaluate

    Informationo Use and Manage

    Informationo Apply Technology

    Effectively

    Lesson #4/10o 2 Periods

    SOs 2.1/2.2

    Lesson #5/7/9/10/12o 1 Period Each

    SOs 2.1/2.2

    Students will workcollaboratively to generateproject ideas in face-to-faceand digital environments(2.1 - 2.2)

    Students will individually

    practice reflective learningin face-to-face and digitalenvironments (2.1 - 2.2)

    Teacher providedlearning communityguidelines located withincourse wiki and postedin social networking site(2.1 - 2.2)

    FellowStudents/Instructor (2.2)

    Screencasts on thefollowing information:

    o How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo (2.1 -2.2)

    o How To Use

    Mindmeister.com(2.1 - 2.2)

    Internet

    Digital CollaborativeTechnology

    o Course Wiki

    Digital Graphic

    Organizero mindmeister.com

    Social Networking Site:o edmodo.com

    Video Hosting Service:o schooltube.com

    Activities:

    Monitor digitalenvironment basedupon instructor providedlearning communityguidelines

    Embed the following

    screencasts on coursewiki and Edmodo:o How To Post A

    Message InEdmodo

    o How To Use

    Mindmeister.com

    Assist:o When asked

    o With any

    technical issues

    Potential Assessments:

    Rubric Assessment forSOs

    o 2.1/2.2

    http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.schooltube.com/http://information-technology-projects.wikispaces.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/http://www.edmodo.com/http://www.schooltube.com/
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    Information Technology 8 Pre-Course Constraints:

    Below lists specific technological constraints (beyond course designer and instructors

    control) applied during the courses development and subsequent implementation:

    o All utilized technology must be free for teacher and student use

    o Budgetary constraints forces our school to access free options, as

    licensing fees are becoming restrictive and cost prohibitive

    o All utilized technology must be accessible to students both at school and home

    o Our districts web filtering system (fortiguard.com) ensures students are

    not accessing inappropriate content, however this limits choices of web

    based resources that are accessible e.g. www.youtube.com not

    accessible at school for students

    o All utilized technology must run efficiently on n-Computing workstations

    o Our district to reduce escalating technology costs has implemented

    n-Computing workstations, which allows a maximum of four students

    synchronous access to one tower

    o AMS was an initial installation that received minimal CPU and RAM

    requirements, thus creating issues when utilizing intensive web resources

    Information Technology 8 Technologies Utilized:

    Technology - Information Component:

    The Internet - chosen to facilitate project research:

    Rationale For Technology Choice:

    Provides web based resources for various multiple intelligences and learning

    http://www.alexandraschool.ca/http://www.fortiguard.com/webfiltering/webfiltering.htmlhttp://www.ncomputing.com/http://www.sd76.ab.ca/http://www.sd76.ab.ca/http://www.alexandraschool.ca/http://www.fortiguard.com/webfiltering/webfiltering.htmlhttp://www.ncomputing.com/http://www.sd76.ab.ca/
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    styles

    o Examples of resources: multimedia presentations, streaming

    audio/video, synchronous communications, blogs, and wikis

    Allows for easy access to MKOs either synchronously or asynchronously

    Allows students to scaffold their knowledge throughout project

    Allows students to explore and utilize learning theories such as Connectivism

    and Constructivism while completing project

    Best Practices/Personal Experience For Technology Choice:

    Enhances student retention by aiding different learning styles (Diaz & Cartnal,

    1999)

    Motivates students to learn through video and real life examples (Wexler)

    I am able to provide resources which allows students to develop projects based

    on current thinking and trends within educational technology

    Barriers Overcome By Technology Choice:

    Allows absent students to complete required project research regardless of time

    or space

    Ensures all students have access to equal resources regardless of socio-

    economic status

    Reduces resource costs as all rooms within school have Internet access

    Can be accessed on various technological devices (including mobiles) increasing

    student access to research and course content regardless of time or space

    Technology - Communication Component:

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    Electronic Mail - chosen to facilitate access to specific web resources and

    discussions:

    Rationale For Technology Choice:

    Allows for sign-up to necessary course resources

    o Many web-based applications require a valid e-mail address for

    authentication, registration, activation, and login

    E.g. course wiki, and digital graphic organizer

    Provides security offered by school district technology for personal information

    o Reduces or eliminates potential FOIP issues

    Best Practices/Personal Experience For Technology Choice:

    Keeps students aware of specific activities and course deadlines

    I am able to provide direct communication within learning community when

    necessary in an asynchronous environment

    Barriers Overcome By Technology Choice:

    Allows absent students to contact members of the learning community for

    information regarding missed material or assignments

    Is accessible through school webpage regardless of physical location or time

    Can be accessed on various technological devices (including mobiles), thereby

    increasing student access to course content regardless of time or space

    Schooltube.com - chosen to facilitate video resources throughout the course:

    Rationale For Technology Choice:

    Strictly monitored video hosting service ensures students are not exposed to

    inappropriate content

    http://foip.alberta.ca/http://www.alexandraschool.ca/Students.phphttp://foip.alberta.ca/http://www.alexandraschool.ca/Students.php
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    Provides web based video resources for various intelligences and learning styles

    Best Practices/Personal Experience For Technology Choice:

    Provides multiple ways to engage students in content with varying learning styles

    (DiPietro, Ferdig, Black, & Preston, 2008)

    Creates learning objects that can be easily integrated within lessons (McGreal &

    Elliott, 2008).

    o Students are able to review learning objects multiple times to ensure

    understanding of the material

    o I am able to reuse learning objects for different lessons

    o I have witnessed that these learning objects enhances educational

    opportunities for special needs students, allowing for easier

    comprehension and completion of tasks

    Barriers Overcome By Technology Choice:

    Allows absent students to review specific course content, ensuring they are up-

    to-date regarding specific course knowledge and activities

    Provides efficient and effective educational resources to students of ranging

    academic abilities regardless of time or space

    Accessible through Internet regardless of physical location or time

    Can be accessed on various technological devices (including mobiles), thereby

    increasing student access to course content regardless of time or space

    o However schooltube.com needs Adobe Flash to play videos, therefore not

    able to use iTouch, iPhone or iPad for this service

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    Google Docs - chosen to facilitate the collection of information from learning

    community:

    Rationale For Technology Choice:

    Allows for easy collection of necessary student information

    o e.g. information needed for creation of school based email

    Best Practices/Personal Experience For Technology Choice:

    Information is easily accessible regardless of instructor location or time of day

    I am able to easily access and redistribute login identities and passwords to

    forgetful students

    Barriers Overcome By Technology Choice:

    Allows quick and accurate information collection to occur, minimizing class

    downtime that would be previously used to collect specific information

    Able to be utilized by multiple classes, over multiple years, with easy sorting of

    information as necessary

    Can be accessed on various technological devices (including mobiles), thereby

    increasing student access to course content regardless of time or space

    Technology - Collaboration Component:

    Wikispaces - chosen to facilitate collaborative research and project implementation:

    Rationale For Technology Choice:

    Allows for individual and/or collaborative research and creation of collective

    projects

    Allows for synchronous and/or asynchronous collaboration

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    Allows for the creation of digital portfolios for student work

    Allows for learning community commentary and feedback throughout course

    Eliminates the need to utilize multiple web hosting services

    Records all work completed, eliminating issues with lost or misplaced student

    work

    Best Practices/Personal Experience For Technology Choice:

    Allows learning to be more like a team effort than a solo race (Chickering &

    Gamson, 1987)

    Allows for multiple pedagogical approaches to enhance online learning

    environment

    Allows for a personal meaningful representation of knowledge by student

    (DiPietro et al., 2008)

    Encourages co-operation among students (Grant & Thornton, 2007), facilitating

    collaborative learning environments

    Encourages personal control over learning, providing a constructivist atmosphere

    expanding and fostering critical thinking (Grant & Thornton, 2007)

    o In shortly over one week there has been over 500 individual page changes

    between three classes within course wiki

    I am able to model proper feedback and reflective communication within digital

    environment

    I am able to model effective project research by providing examples of good

    resources for project completion

    Barriers Overcome By Technology Choice:

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    Allows for access to all course resources regardless of time or space through the

    Internet

    Allows for completion of activities and assignments regardless of time or space

    for absent students

    Can be accessed on various technological devices (including mobiles), thereby

    increasing student access to course content regardless of time or space

    Mindmeister.com - chosen to facilitate collaborative graphic organizer creation:

    Rationale For Technology Choice:

    Allows for the synchronous and asynchronous exploration and collaboration of

    concepts or ideas in a collaborative workspace

    o Allows for linking of ideas and concepts for projects and presentations

    Finished product can be exported in various formats, which can then be shared

    with learning community for comments and feedback

    Best Practices/Personal Experience For Technology Choice:

    Allows for the personal meaningful representation of knowledge (DiPietro et al.,

    2008), providing a constructivist atmosphere expanding and fostering critical

    thinking (Grant & Thornton, 2007)

    Encourages co-operation among students (Grant & Thornton, 2007), facilitating

    collaborative learning environments

    Based upon personal and professional experience, employs effective

    instructional intelligence strategies in digital world

    Barriers Overcome By Technology Choice:

    Allows absent students the ability to contribute to project regardless of time or

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    space

    Allows for synchronous student communication, removing the potential barrier of

    isolation

    Can be accessed on various technological devices (including mobiles) increasing

    student access to course content regardless of time or space

    o At this time, only the iTouch, iPhone and iPad have this ability

    Technology - Social Networking Component:

    Edmodo.com chosen to provide grade level appropriate social networking tool for

    course:

    Rationale For Technology Choice:

    Facilitates course reflection by students

    o Allows for feedback and comments within the learning community

    Allows learning community to post questions to entire class or directly to

    instructor for synchronous or asynchronous assistance

    Used to deliver course content, display student work

    Provides similar experience as Facebook, providing another level of engagement

    and motivation

    o In shortly over one month there has been over 2500 individual posts

    between three classes (not counting comments)

    Best Practices/Personal Experience For Technology Choice:

    Allows for fundamental interactivity between student and teacher (Stein & Glazer,

    2003)

    o Allows for frequent student-staff contact allowing for more student

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    motivation and involvement

    Allows an instructor to maintain a visible social and teaching presence

    (Anderson, Rourke, Garrison, and Archer, 2001)

    Encourages learning community to share experiences (Grant & Thornton, 2007)

    Encourages co-operation among students (Grant & Thornton, 2007), facilitating

    collaborative learning environments

    Allows instructor to model proper feedback and reflective communication within

    digital environments based upon instructor provided guidelines

    I am able to easily filter and monitor all interactions (through e-mail) within the

    course to ensure school and course guidelines are followed

    I am able to easily and effectively deliver course content in various forms to

    multiple classes simultaneously

    I have witnessed that Edmodo provides a safe environment for the learning

    community to explore digital citizenship, net safety, netiquette, and online identity

    exploration

    Barriers Overcome By Technology Choice:

    Can host various course resources, which allows students regardless of time or

    space the opportunity to catch up or complete current assignments

    Allows for synchronous and asynchronous student communication, removing the

    potential barrier of isolation

    Can be accessed on various technological devices (including mobiles) increasing

    student access to course content

    o At this time, only the iTouch, iPhone and iPad have this ability

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    Information Technology 8 - Learning Theories Utilized:

    Through my

    experiences as an

    educator and life long

    digital learner, I

    believe that true

    meaningful learning

    occurs when students

    apply their personal

    experiences and

    actions in the process

    of developingknowledge. This belief is evidenced through the unit of study that I created based upon

    my personal learning theory, which includes the 6 Cs of Motivation, various

    Constructivist theories, Connectivism, and Constructionism. This overall combined

    approach lets students make connections with the material, as well as create and share

    learning artifacts within a collaborative community.

    As per my personal learning theory, this unit begins with a challenge that utilizes

    both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators to engage the student. This motivation is

    continued in subsequent lessons through the application of student control,

    communication and social interaction, as well as allowing the students the opportunity to

    share work, all of which are best practices as outlined by Turner and Paris. This initial

    pedagogical approach also allows students to generate a sense of ownership,

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    achievement and motivate continual learning (Turner & Paris, 1995). As shown here

    and throughout this unit of study, the 6 Cs of motivation are essential if student success

    at the middle years level is to occur.

    After the initial challenge is presented, the general and specific learning

    outcomes created for this unit allow for my personal learning theory and best practices

    found within constructivism to be effectively applied to the learning environment. This is

    first evidenced when students individually and collaboratively conduct research based

    upon the units original challenge. This exploration allows students to utilize the

    principles of social interaction through MKOs and knowledge scaffolding (Vygotsky,

    1978), as well as the opportunity to explore various networks to provide specific

    expertise and knowledge (Siemens, 2004) as seen in Connectivism. Once the initial

    exploration cycle is concluded, students collaboratively construct meaning based upon

    their individual and group research within the course wiki. These constructivist activities

    engage the student in the assimilation and accommodation of knowledge to their new or

    pre-existing schemas (Piaget), which are influenced by their personal culture,

    environment, and social elements. Overall, this collaborative process allows students to

    continually control their own learning while engaged in a social educational

    environment.

    When each group has sufficient knowledge in regards to the original challenge

    they will begin to collaboratively create an initial digital learning object through the

    application of Constructionism as described by Papert. This collaborative artifact will

    reflect the knowledge gained during the individual and groups constructivist learning

    activities. Throughout the construction process, group members will begin to reflect,

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    comment, and provide feedback on their progress within the learning communities

    digital social network. This network will provide significant feedback and direction at

    both the student and instructor level; further utilizing Turner and Paris 6 Cs of

    Motivation. However, if a group does not feel they have acquired sufficient knowledge

    to successfully create a digital artifact, they will complete more constructivist activities

    until ready.

    Once the groups have completed their initial digital artifact, they will display their

    work within their learning environment for feedback and suggestions. After each group

    has received and sent feedback within the learning community, they will then view their

    responses as a peer edit process allowing for further enhancements to their final digital

    artifact, which will then be presented for evaluation.

    Overall, this unit of study has taken into consideration my personal learning

    theory to create engaging learning outcomes and activities that are appropriate for a

    middle years student and that can be readily assessed. As well, these course

    foundations have been successfully translated and implemented using a variety of free,

    engaging technologies that students at a middle years level can utilize to achieve deep

    and meaningful learning regardless of time or space.

    Information Technology 8 - References Utilized:

    Anderson, T., Rourke, L., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teaching

    presence in a computer conferencing context. Journal of Asynchronous Learning

    Networks, 5(2). Retrieved January 21, 2007

    from http://www.aln.org/publications/jaln/v5n2/v5n2_anderson.asp

    Chickering, A. W., & Gamson, Z. F. (1987). Seven principles for good practice in

    http://www.aln.org/publications/jaln/v5n2/v5n2_anderson.asphttp://www.aln.org/publications/jaln/v5n2/v5n2_anderson.asp
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    undergraduate education.AAHE Bulleting, 39(7), 3-7

    Diaz, D., & Cartnal, R. (1999). Student learning styles in two classes. College Teaching,

    47 (4), 130-141.

    DiPietro, M., Ferdig, R. E., Black, E. W., & Preston, M. (2008). Best practices in

    teaching K-12 online: Lessons learned from Michigan virtual school teachers.

    Retrieved from learners.in.th/file/racha_1/7.1.2.pdf

    Grant, M. R., & Thornton H. R. (2007) Best practices in undergraduate adult-centered

    online learning: Mechanisms for course design and delivery. Retrieved from

    http://jolt.merlot.org/vol3no4/grant.htm

    McGreal, R., & Elliott, M. (2008). Technologies of online learning (e-learning). In A.

    Anderson, The Theory and Practice of Online Learning 2ndEdition (pp. 143-165).

    AU Press Athabasca University.

    Papert, S. (1991). Situating Constructionism. Constructionism, eds. Idit Harel and

    Seymour Papert.

    Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Retrieved

    March 27th 20:27 from http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm

    Stein, D. & Glazer, H. R. (2003). Mentoring the adult learner in academic midlife at a

    distance education university. The American Journal of Distance Education,

    17(1), 7-23. Retrieved

    from http://www.leaonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15389286ajde1701_2 Turner, J., & Paris, S. G. (1995). How literacy tasks influence childrens motivation for

    literacy. The Reading Teacher, 48(8), 662-673.

    Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological

    http://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch2646/learners.in.th/file/racha_1/7.1.2.pdfhttp://jolt.merlot.org/vol3no4/grant.htmhttp://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htmhttp://www.leaonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15389286ajde1701_2http://www.leaonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15389286ajde1701_2http://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch2646/learners.in.th/file/racha_1/7.1.2.pdfhttp://jolt.merlot.org/vol3no4/grant.htmhttp://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htmhttp://www.leaonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15389286ajde1701_2
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    processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Wexler, A. (n.d.) Strategies for motivating students to learn. Retrieved March 24th 21:08

    from http://www.iser.com/resources/motivating-students.html

    http://www.iser.com/resources/motivating-students.htmlhttp://www.iser.com/resources/motivating-students.html