INFORMATION PROCESSING

MEMORY 1

WE ARE LEARNING TO...

Understand the concept of selective attention and ways of improving it

Identify the different parts of the memory and the functions of each

QUIZ

Detection Comparison RecognitionThe process of

recognising the stimulus, by the sense organs

Making a comparison to previously stored

experiences

The process of recognising the most suitable choice and

acting upon this decision

This is related to perception

Using your eyes, ears and touch to

recognise the stimulus. The

stimulus may be the flight/speed of

the ball

During this stage you will make a comparison to when you have been in this situation before and think about how

you responded.

For example, anticipating the height

of the ball

From all of your stored responses you then pick

out the most suitable.

This may be recognising that the ball has been hit

high in Tennis and so angling your racket and jumping up to reach the

ball

SELECTIVE ATTENTION• The process of picking out and focussing on the

parts of the display that are relevant to our performance

• During activity we receive a lot of info from our senses. We cannot recognise it all.

• We ignore the vast majority of it as it is irrelevant such as crowd noise etc...

• We try just to focus on the activity in question and aspects of the game which are directly of our concern

• If we are more experienced in an activity they we can filter out irrelevant information more efficiently.

• If the important stimuli are bright in colour then we can interpret them better. E.g. a kit makes you identifiable

• Highlight/Cue/specific focus

• Practise – learn to ignore irrelevant stimuli (mental rehearsal)

• Make sure the performer is alert

MemoryThere are three stores in the memory:

Short-term sensory stores (STSS)

Short term memory (STM)

Long term memory (LTM)

There are three processes within the memory)Encoding (putting information into a store)Maintenance (Keeping it alive)

Retrieval (Finding encoded information)

Look at the following items. Can you memorise them? You have 30 seconds to do so.

• All information from the environment can be stored here. Has a huge capacity but only stored for half a second or less

• It is the first compartment of the memory which is subconscious and if not immediately attended to, information is lost

• Selective attention takes place here. If info is useful then it will be encoded

Definition: A large capacity temporary store for all incoming sensory information

Definition: Also called the working memory. It relates to what we are thinking about at any given moment in time• Encoded information is moved from the STSS to the STM.

• Information can be retained for up to 60 secs. It’s capacity is limited to 5-9 items

• Information only remains in the STM for as long as it is attended to. If attention is directed elsewhere, info is lost within 30 secs

• Important when learning skills. Need to be able to recall info bout performance so that you can compare it to previous performances

• Limited capacity means that instructions from the coach should be brief and given when the performer is paying attention, or info will be lost

Definition: A store of past experiences of almost limitless capacity and long duration • All info in the STM is either stored in the LTM or is lost. The

LTM is a store of well-learned past experiences

• It has a limitless capacity, vast, lasts a lifetime

• Information in the LTM is used to compare against new experiences.

• It stores responses to different situations

Exam Question

Input of stimulus

From Sensory

Receptors

SSTS STM LTM

Using the above model describe the main functions of the:

(a) Short Term Sensory Store (2marks)

(b) Short Term Memory (2 Marks)

(c) Long Term Memory (2 Marks)

Homework

• Research the Strategies that help to improve memory retention

(p.92-94)