information management and interoperability of content for distributed systems of high volume data...

Information MAnagement and interoperability of content for distributed Systems of high volume data repositories through multi agents Systems

I-MASS and the Semantic webI-MASS and the Semantic web

Gabriel Hopmans

Communications Research & Semiotics

University of Maastricht


Overview Overview

Foci of attention:Foci of attention:• I-MASS agents and sketch of I-MASS agents and sketch of

componentscomponents• Interface & AgentsInterface & Agents• SemioticsSemiotics• Ontologies & SemanticsOntologies & Semantics


D ig ita lS ou rces

M A N IP U L A TIO N S

U s e rInte rfa c e

Q ue ry/R e s po ns e a ndK L -B uild ing

K n o w le d g eL a n d s c a p e

(K L )

6

5

3S e m a ntic & S ynta c tic

Inte r-o pe ra bility

4

2

High- level OVERVI EWI -MASS

1


IMASS1: Agents at content IMASS1: Agents at content providersproviders

K n o w l e d e L an d s c ap e( R D F )

D a t aS o u rc e

D a t aS o u rc e

D a t aS o u rc e

X S L T

C o n t e n t P r o v i d e rR D F - m e d i a t o r

A g e n t

IS - M e d i a t o r A g e n t

IS - M e d i a t o r A g e n t IS - M e d i a t o r A g e n t

C o r em e d i a t o r

CP1 CP2

D a t aS o u rc e

D a t aS o u rc e

IS - M e d i a t o rIS - M e d i a t o r

A g e n t

C PR D F - m e d i a t o r


IMASS Agents to let I-Mass IMASS Agents to let I-Mass growinggrowing

- For users finding the information: For users finding the information: providing scenario’s in the providing scenario’s in the Knowledge LandscapeKnowledge Landscape

- Content providers providing Content providers providing conceptual schemasconceptual schemas

Important for use of reference worksImportant for use of reference works


I-MASS: scenario and reference I-MASS: scenario and reference worksworks

• Reference works: dictionaries, encyclopaedia, Reference works: dictionaries, encyclopaedia, thesaurus.. Modeling in INCA-Comthesaurus.. Modeling in INCA-Com

• I-MASS Scenario : user asks “I-MASS Scenario : user asks “Give me access Give me access to (paintings) by Leonardo where there are to (paintings) by Leonardo where there are examples of examples of ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro ““

• Translation to RQL: Translation to RQL: Select WSelect WFrom {X}first_name{Y}, From {X}first_name{Y},

{Z}paints{W}.contains_technique{Q}{Z}paints{W}.contains_technique{Q}Where X=Z and Y=”Leonardo” and Q=”Chiaroscuro”Where X=Z and Y=”Leonardo” and Q=”Chiaroscuro”


RDF Schema

R D F#Resource

n s1 # Art ist n s1 # Art ifac t n s1 #Technique

RDF (Meta) Data

n s1 # c reates n s1 # c o n tain s_ tec h n iq u e

n s1 #S culptor

n s1 # P ain ter n s1 # P ain t in g n s1 # L iteral

n s1 #Sculpture

"Leo n ard o "

"D aVin c i"

&n s2#davinci

ns1#Adoration_M agi

ns1#M ona_ Lisa

&ns3# C h ia r o sc u r o

n s3 #S fumato

n s3 #S tomato

ns3# C hiaroscuro

n s1 # p ain ts

n s1 # h as_ m aterial

n s1 # scu lp ts

n s1 # c o n tain s_tec h n iq u e

ns1#Virgin&st.Anne

Legenda:ty p eO f( in stan c e)

su b C lassO f( isA)

su b P ro p erty O f( isA)

relat io n sh ip

rd f# L iteral

ns3# C hiaroscuro

{X} first name {Leonardo}

X = Z Join

Z = {daVinci}

Z paints WW contains Q


System: Using reference works System: Using reference works • Term “chiaroscuro”? Which reference work Term “chiaroscuro”? Which reference work

to be used?to be used?• INCA-COM thesaurus, Sort Thesaurus {INCA-COM thesaurus, Sort Thesaurus {R:: thesaurus_has_term : __ ::ThesTerm }R:: thesaurus_has_term : __ ::ThesTerm }• Thesaurus in RDFThesaurus in RDF<rdfs: Class rdf:ID=“Thesaurus”/><rdfs: Class rdf:ID=“Thesaurus”/><rdf: Property rdf:ID=“thes_has_term”><rdf: Property rdf:ID=“thes_has_term”> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource=“#Thesaurus”><rdfs:domain rdf:resource=“#Thesaurus”> <rdfs:range rdf:resource =“Thes_term”><rdfs:range rdf:resource =“Thes_term”></rdf:Property></rdf:Property>


Result using AATResult using AAT

• The technique of contrasting light and dark within a picture, The technique of contrasting light and dark within a picture, especially one in which the forms are largely determined, not by especially one in which the forms are largely determined, not by sharp outlines, but by the meeting of lighter and darker areassharp outlines, but by the meeting of lighter and darker areas

• Terminological: link terms (synonym Chiaroscuro and Clair Obscur)Terminological: link terms (synonym Chiaroscuro and Clair Obscur)• Intentional: meaning of sort, extensional: membership of object instanceIntentional: meaning of sort, extensional: membership of object instance

“Chiaroscuro”

“Clairobscur” Technique

Local CS

“Is”

“ (Scope

note) is”

“ Thesaurus

”

Instance_of


Recapitulation of INCA-COM: Recapitulation of INCA-COM: Objects & SortsObjects & Sorts

• Object has an existence Object has an existence indepen-dent of description;indepen-dent of description;

• Every object is classified with Every object is classified with one or more sorts;one or more sorts;

• In principle sorts have an In principle sorts have an inten-sionalinten-sional and and extensionalextensional des-cription, des-cription, describing respectivelydescribing respectively– meaningmeaning of the sort, and of the sort, and– membershipmembership of object instances of object instances

In tens ional

Ins tanc e

Ins tanc e of

T hes aurus

AAT

Referenc e w ork

Extens ional

M eta S or t

Ins tanc e of


I S

UserLexical/ T erminological

level/ frameworkprototype 2

T

I ntensional level(meaning)

C2:Painter

RelClass

Extensional level(membership)

Vinci

Paints

R2:create

R easo n in g ag en ts

Mo n ito rin g ag en ts

Fu n c t io n in g ag en ts

0 6 /0 6 /0 1

Typology

T

C2

M onaLisa

T echnique

ChiaroscuroContains

R2:use

I-MASS prototype 1 to next one..I-MASS prototype 1 to next one..


IMASS : Agents and InterfacesIMASS : Agents and Interfaces

- From the user point of view:From the user point of view:(re)presentation, adaptivity ..(re)presentation, adaptivity ..

AndAnd- From the content provider point of From the content provider point of

viewview

..A need for semiotics..A need for semiotics


User, reference work, semioticUser, reference work, semiotic

• What is What is Chiaroscuro?Chiaroscuro?

Knowledge level Knowledge level 11

• User makes just User makes just a request in a a request in a reference workreference work

• User ->Query -User ->Query -> Agent> Agent

• Explain term Chiaroscuro Explain term Chiaroscuro KL3KL3

• Request to perform action Request to perform action given a proposition. given a proposition.

Agents use several ref. Works Agents use several ref. Works agents: (Composition), if u agents: (Composition), if u find something: propose itfind something: propose it

• User-request-AgentUser-request-AgentAgent – Request(propose) –Agent – Request(propose) –

AgentsAgents


Interaction ProtocolsInteraction Protocols

• FIPA ACL 2FIPA ACL 2ndnd level is Communicative Act based on level is Communicative Act based on speech act theory.speech act theory.

• Attribute of agent: Knowledge-level (Newell Attribute of agent: Knowledge-level (Newell 1982): 1982): “communication ability, A knowledge level so that “communication ability, A knowledge level so that it has the ability to communicate with persons and other it has the ability to communicate with persons and other agents with language more resembling human-like "speech agents with language more resembling human-like "speech acts" than typical symbol-level program-to-program acts" than typical symbol-level program-to-program protocols”protocols”

• Interaction Protocols are used to design agents Interaction Protocols are used to design agents interaction providing a sequence of acceptable interaction providing a sequence of acceptable messages and a semantic for those messages messages and a semantic for those messages

[Bergenti et al., 2000]. [Bergenti et al., 2000].


Do these representations mean the same?Do these representations mean the same?

• See paper EuzenatSee paper Euzenat

A

B -> AC -> AD -> CE -> CC -> B

ED

BC


Knowledge representation & Knowledge representation & modelingmodeling

• The user preferences define how the agents are The user preferences define how the agents are ‘triggered’. User should be aware how ‘triggered’. User should be aware how (Semiotics for use and meaning of protocols, (Semiotics for use and meaning of protocols, ACL trend): Agent Services become ACL trend): Agent Services become webserviceswebservices

• This ‘triggering’ process is predefined by the This ‘triggering’ process is predefined by the knowledge engineer. AGAIN SEMIOTICS:knowledge engineer. AGAIN SEMIOTICS:“when dealing with exchange of models “when dealing with exchange of models between people & faithful reproduction of these between people & faithful reproduction of these representations we are concerned with the representations we are concerned with the semiotic level” [Bechhofer et al. ,2001]semiotic level” [Bechhofer et al. ,2001]


Ontologies & SemanticsOntologies & Semantics

- DAML + OIL is not enoughDAML + OIL is not enough

Ontology not only for representation & Ontology not only for representation & delivery but also for sharing & delivery but also for sharing & exchangeexchange

- FIPA & AgentCities: Agent enabled FIPA & AgentCities: Agent enabled webservices: Webservices are evolving webservices: Webservices are evolving rapidly and are compete & lose, FIPA rapidly and are compete & lose, FIPA should embrace and extend them.should embrace and extend them.


Ontologies & Semantics: DAML + Ontologies & Semantics: DAML + OILOIL

- DAML + OIL should give semantics to DAML + OIL should give semantics to modeling primitives RDFSmodeling primitives RDFS

- DAML+OIL in co-operation: Oil DAML+OIL in co-operation: Oil throwed a few principles aboard throwed a few principles aboard (modeling language based on (modeling language based on frames)frames)

- See references 1,2 &3See references 1,2 &3


• Semantic web: Semantic web: agents interaction agents interaction between 2 between 2 applications applications (worldwide)(worldwide)

• DAML+OIL: DCDAML+OIL: DC• Inspired by Object Inspired by Object

Representation Representation framework (although framework (although OIL ..)OIL ..)

• I-MASS: more a I-MASS: more a closed domain, closed domain, agents in the agents in the application ‘know’ application ‘know’ each other alreadyeach other already

• I-MASS can’t wait + I-MASS can’t wait + focus on reference focus on reference worksworks

• Now focus on logic Now focus on logic based conceptsbased concepts

Semantic web/I-MASS Ontology Semantic web/I-MASS Ontology representationrepresentation


References:References:

1.1. Daml + OIL is not enough, Bechhofer, Goble and Daml + OIL is not enough, Bechhofer, Goble and Horrocks, 2001Horrocks, 2001

2.2. Language standardization for the semantic web: the long Language standardization for the semantic web: the long way from OIL to OWL, Fensel 2001way from OIL to OWL, Fensel 2001

3.3. Metamodeling architecture of web ontology languages, Metamodeling architecture of web ontology languages, Pan & Horrocks 2001Pan & Horrocks 2001

4.4. Towards Formal Knowledge intelligibility at the semiotic Towards Formal Knowledge intelligibility at the semiotic level, Euzenat 2000level, Euzenat 2000

5.5. Querying semistructured (meta) data and schemas on the Querying semistructured (meta) data and schemas on the web: the case of RDF & RDFS, Karvounarakis et al. 2000. web: the case of RDF & RDFS, Karvounarakis et al. 2000. ICS-FORTH, RDFSuiteICS-FORTH, RDFSuite

6.6. D. Levine, presentation about Webservices vs. FIPA specsD. Levine, presentation about Webservices vs. FIPA specs

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