information knowledge based systems (ikbs) and expert systems

Information knowledge based systems (IKBS) and expert systems


IKBS/expert systems

• A computer that thinks and behaves like a human expert in a certain field

• These are systems that can be used to mimic a human expert

• They use artificial intelligence to make decisions based on answers to questions


Components

• Knowledge base – set of knowledge about a about particular field/subject

• Inference engine – a set of rules on which the decisions made by the system are based - these rules are applied to the knowledge base

• User interface – the way the expert system/IKBS communicates with the user - it presents the user with questions and allows them to type in the answers


Applications of expert systems/IKBS

• Doctors – for medical diagnosis• Architects – to help with the design

of buildings• Geologists – to help them find the

best place to look for minerals or oil• Accountants – for giving tax advice to

individuals/companies


Medical diagnosis

• Enables a doctor to make an accurate diagnosis

• Gives a doctor the the knowledge and decision-making ability of a consultant in the field

• Enables a patient to be put on the correct treatment without delay


Designing buildings

• Gives builders/architects expert information on the best way to construct buildings

• For example, builders can specify a certain number of rooms and the system will put them together in the best way


Prospecting for minerals/oil

• Can take geological information from maps to create the knowledge base

• Use knowledge base and apply the rules in the inference engine to it

• The user can enter locations using the user interface

• The expert system/IKBS will suggest the most likely places where minerals/oil could be found


Giving tax advice to companies/individuals

• Tax is complex• Companies and

individuals want to legally minimize the tax they pay

• Expert systems ask a series of question to arrive at an expert decision


Advantages and disadvantages of expert

systems/IKBSAdvantages• Fewer mistakes – they do not

forget things• Less time to train – human

experts take a long time to train

• More expertise than a single expert – systems based on expertise of many experts

• Always asks the questions that a human expert may forget to ask

Disadvantages

• Systems lack common sense – they cannot spot a situation that is ridiculous

• Systems lack senses – for example, a patient may need to be observed

• The system relies on the rules being correct – the person creating the expert system may have made mistakes

information knowledge based systems (ikbs) and expert systems

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