information design. 2 london underground abstraction is key to design. this is one of the best...
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Information Design
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London Underground
Abstraction is key to design. This is one of the best examples. First subway map to notice that public
transit map doesn’t need to exactly follow the path that the trains/buses follow.
What is important is the general direction & what are the stops. This makes is MUCH easier to read (you don’t need to know all the little wiggles).
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How People Read Online They don’t. They skip between a bunch of windows. As a result, Web pages have to employ scannable
text, using highlighted keywords (hypertext links serve as
one form of highlighting; typeface variations and color are others)
meaningful sub-headings (not "clever" ones) bulleted lists one idea per paragraph (users will skip over any
additional ideas if they are not caught by the first few words in the paragraph)
the inverted pyramid style, starting with the conclusion
half the word count (or less) than conventional writing
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9710a.html
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Credibility is important for Web users, since it is unclear who is behind information on the Web and whether a page can be trusted. Credibility can be increased by high-quality graphics, good writing, and use of outbound hypertext links. Links to other sites show that the authors have done their homework and are not afraid to let readers visit other sites.
Users detested "marketese"; the promotional writing style with boastful subjective claims ("hottest ever") that currently is prevalent on the Web. Web users are busy: they want to get the straight facts. Also, credibility suffers when users clearly see that the site exaggerates.
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Measuring the Effect of Writing Strategy
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Interlaced Browsing
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20000514.html
Clearly prevalent on desktop. Let’s talk about mobile.
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Low-Scent Navigation
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Speaking Block Navigationhttp://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/02/26/navigation-menus-trends-and-examples/
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Javal also discovered that (at least in Roman languages), a line of words in which only the upper half is visible is read more easily than one in which only the lower half is exposed.I am a jelly donut
jfk spoke in berlin
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Expectation
Plays an Important Role
THE CAT TAE CHT
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People are faster to find an element in a map when its in the typeface they expect. So people are fast when the typeface is
all the same. And they’re fast when the prompt typeface matches the actual typeface.
But they’re slow when the type varies and the prompt doesn’t match the actual typeface. “there may be as much as a 300 percent difference for search time between correct and incorrect expectations”
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Saccades
Discovered by Professor Emile Javal, U. Of Paris. ~1880.
“Perception of reading material only occurs during pauses since saccadic inter-fixation moves are so rapid that no clear vision is possible. On the average, pauses take 92 to 94 percent of the reading time and movements take 6 to 8 percent.” -- Tinker
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_tracking16
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Eyetracking
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Design for Glanceability
With news homepages, readers' instincts are to first look at the flag/logo and top headlines in the upper left.
While each site is different, you might look at your own website and see what content you have in which zones.
http://www.poynterextra.org/eyetrack2004/main.htm 18
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zones of importance we formulated from the Eyetrack data.
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Color: Edward Tufte
our visual system has a very difficult time treating hue in an ordered way each area is *different*, but
none of the areas have an intuitive relationship between each other.
This is how most computer scientist would design a map
This is supposed to convey height above sea level.
However, perception system can’t use hue for how much
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Color sets that vary primarily by luminance are much easier for us to order. two color sets: browns for above ground, blues for
below. The much more muted colors also much
easier to read the information. Cartographers have been doing this
for 2000 years.
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The key is to know: under water or not
under water? Then, how far for
each case: deeper, the color gets darker.
Intensity is a great axis for presenting quantitative information.
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Technology-Centered Colors
Use three sliders to pick colors with RGB, almost forces us to end up with bad colors. If you evenly space things in RGB, all of your colors are oversaturated.
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Human-Centered Colors
Munsell (left): Perceptually based Pantone (right): Functionally based
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Munsell based on psychology experiments.
Pantone is especially useful for print design. They picked very reasonable colors.
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Color (Java look & feel)
Six color semantic scheme Clean, consistent look Easy on eyes (mostly gray)
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Same Java look & feel guidelines book
Everything in Java is from 6 colors Primary colors are all purple and
secondary colors are all gray. When highlighted they have color
when not highlighted they have gray.
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How to get color right
Design in grayscale first Keep luminance values from
grayscale when moving to color
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Set of Axis Chronicle film schema -- can never
remember how good. E-bay’s -- even worse. Depending on
how many items you have sold you get a different star. Totally random ordering.
A more effective way is to have the entire scale with it partly filled in (3 stars filled in, 2 stars emptied). Stars superior to numbers since people can
see this pre-attentively very quickly without read & think.
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Proportion and Scale
Kevin Mullet and Darrell Sano, Designing Visual Interfaces
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while size and other cues provide for quantitative comparison, color (even luminance) only provides for ordering.
If the goal is contrast along any of these axes, make it distinct!
Forms of visual coding. What can we notice very quickly: size, intensity, orientation, texture, shape, position in space.
Take advantage of these variables to present information.
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Web Design Patterns
Web patterns important and persistent(!)
Source: van Duyne, Doug and James Landay and Jason Hong. The Design of Sites. Prentice Hall, 2006.
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The Importance of Patterns
Key options Design patterns Designing by example Users will work well with
UI’s that build upon concepts that they are familiar with
Source: Alexander, Christopher. A Pattern Language. Oxford University Press, 1977 35
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Small Multiples
Economy of line Many similarities enable us to notice
differences
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The person is gray… just enough to tell us there is a person. The important thing is that they are holding lights and what they are doing with the lights (the important information is bright – red & yellow)
Japanese book for children on t-shirt colors that match
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S M A L L M U L T I P L E SInternational Women’s Day
Diaz, Estela 1974 Echeverria, Heriberto 1971
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Small multiples convey the important information: multi-racial society & everyone is included (same exact form – the only data is the different colors!) The outline form is the same – but different professions. A woman can be anything she wants! Everyone is included.
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Reid Miles, Blue Note Cover
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Small multiples for a visual pun. Tina Brooks is blue like all of the squares.
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Tree Maps (SmartMoney)
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http://www.smartmoney.com/map-of-the-market/
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Information visualization is big app for visual design on computers (less common on paper outside of cartography)
Ben Schneiderman’s Tree Map (U. of Mayrland) http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/photomesa/
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Tree Maps (PhotoMesa)
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Design Galleries
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From Mitsubishi Research. If I use a slider, most systems give me no idea of what that control will do.
Design galleries let me preview the possible changes
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Design Galleries
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