information architecture & design week 14 schedule - (non-web) ia beyond the browser - rosenfeld...
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Information Architecture & Design Information Architecture & Design
• Week 14 Schedule- (Non-Web) IA Beyond the Browser- Rosenfeld Chapter 19- Other Primary Readings- BREAK- Research Topic Presentations (2)- 10 Minute Drill• 2 More This Week• 2 More Next Week
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IA Methodology
Analysis Design
Verification Construction Maintenance
Planning
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Enterprise IA is DifferentEnterprise IA is Different
• Not Completely• Application Design
- Webify – Front Ends- Database Use
• (Even More) Integration Issues- Content- Quality & Quantity
• Existing Design Guidelines• More Specific Users• More Definable Goals• Enforced Use
- Use Data- Feedback for Verification
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Enterprise IA OutcomesEnterprise IA Outcomes
• Centralized- More Return on Investment – Efficient Use- Reduced Development Costs
• Clarified- Consistent- Accurate
• Simplified Technology Platform- More Open to Information Sharing- IA Structures Help Define Organization (Goals)
• Extendable IA System
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Enterprise IA StrategiesEnterprise IA Strategies
• Problems- Scheduling Aggressiveness- Comprehensive Information Expectation- Information Feudalism (Turf Battles)
• Solutions- Executive Sponsorship- Skunk Works, Tiger Teams, Barrel of Monkeys - Keep Your Eye on ROI- Internal Promotion (Clients)- Stakeholder Solicitation (Clients)- Frozen – Thaw – Freeze Again
• Framework Checklist on Page 375
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IA Beyond the BrowserIA Beyond the Browser• Location?
- Everywhere- Household- Automobile- Fieldwork- Officework
• Purpose?- Everything (Integrated Devices)- Single Task (Appliances)
• Interface?- Personalized- Simplified
• Audio In• Audio Out
- Modal- Contextual
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IA Beyond the Browser (2)IA Beyond the Browser (2)• Intimacy?
- Not just “My” Yahoo- My Device
• Faceplates• Ringtones• Button Overlays
• Ubiquity?- Proximity- Interoperability
• Content?- Dynamic Streaming Data- Email – Voicemail – Pic mail- Web Data- Synchronize
• Altogether New Designs and Functions
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Future IAFuture IA
• Bandwidth- Wireless
• Security- Financial Mgmt- Cryptography
• Ubiquitous Computing• Privacy• Cultural- Adoption- Revolution
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Handhelds for Info RetrievalHandhelds for Info Retrieval
• PDAs are for task-specific use• Locating and Relocating Information- Directions- Shopping Lists- Phone Numbers
• Mental Models for Remembering Information• What are the Differences between Handheld
and PC Web Browsers?
Albers & Kim (2000)
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Handhelds for Info Retrieval (2)Handhelds for Info Retrieval (2)
• The Nature of Information Retrieval Tasks- Simple Information Look-up• Search for Existing (Local) Information• Search for New (Networked) Information
- Information Manipulation• Comparison• Editing (Tweaking)
- Navigate – Locate – Recognize
• Screen Size Reduces User Effectiveness• Device Memory Limitations Affect
Comprehensiveness• Bandwidth?
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Handhelds for Info Retrieval (3)Handhelds for Info Retrieval (3)• Existing Guidelines for Design- Human Short Term Memory 7+/-2• Unfamiliar Tasks• Cognitive Overload
- Scrolling and “Clicking” Interfere• Will Not• Can Not• See (?) Not
- Minimal Graphics (Resolution) Affects Landmark Use- More Skimming, Information Lost- Task Focus Equalized Among Tasks- Leverage Existing Mental Models• Hierarchical Models• The Right Schema (Appearance)
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Handhelds for Info Retrieval (4)Handhelds for Info Retrieval (4)
• Key Differences Between Desktop and Handheld Interfaces- Text - Graphics- Audio
• Implications for Future Research- Short Term Memory Models- Learning New Mental Models- Design Evaluation
• Excellent Bibliography
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Web Design IssuesWeb Design Issues• When Searching for Information in a Small
Screen Display • 28 User Experiment• “Strategic Information Searches”• Desktop PC vs. Palm (IIIc)• More Time on Handheld (Varied)• Information Location Breakdowns at 225 & 350
Words (5 Test Pages)• Accuracy Similar Among Systems
Kim & Albers (2001)
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Web Design Issues (2)Web Design Issues (2)• Re-Think Web Design Ideas and Guidelines• “Web Browsing vs. Strategic Information Seeking”• Task-Specific
- Look-Ups (Reminding and Refreshing)- Not Exhaustive Searches (Learning)- “Answer Clearly Articulated Questions”
• Most Guidelines are for Interfaces, Not Information (Architecture)- Not Just Less Information- Not Only Lists, but Structures- IA May Help More Than UI
• On-Line Comprehension- Even Less on Handhelds (Note Cards?)- Context & Concise Information
• Order of Problems & Tasks• Relative Semantic Representations of Information• Timely
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Typical Dynamic Info ViewTypical Dynamic Info View
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Typical News ViewTypical News View
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Typical Menu ViewTypical Menu View
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Using Small Screen SpaceUsing Small Screen Space
• Semi-Transparency for Widgets with Text• Delays in Overlapping Widget Display for
Interaction Save Display Space• Design Inspirations- Magic Lens• Filtering to Modify Presentation• Weather – Traffic – Population Map(s)
- Pad++• Zooming• Panning
- Gestures• Graffiti
Kamba, Elson, Harpold, et al. (1996)
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Using Small Screen Space (2)Using Small Screen Space (2)
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Using Small Screen Space (3)Using Small Screen Space (3)
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Using Small Screen Space ResultsUsing Small Screen Space Results
• Familiarity Improves Interaction• Users Wanted to “Break the UI” - If No
Overlap, No Delay for Interaction• Shorter Delay Time (1/5 second)• Icons First vs. Text First Interaction
• How Would Information Complexity Change this Design?
• Additional Feedback with Audio?
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Improving Mobile Internet UsabilityImproving Mobile Internet Usability
• WAP Issues• How Does the Protocol Affect IA?• Put “web-like material on current and future
phone networks” p 673
• Using “ellipsis” to diplay important information elements
• Phones (Still) Currently (Primarily) Support Hierarchical Menus- Orange - LOTS of key presses• Perfect avg = 8.2• Test avg = 16.5
Buchanan, et al. (2001)
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Improving Mobile Internet Usability (2)Improving Mobile Internet Usability (2)
- Currently: “2,2,2” for “C”- Improved with Scrollable List of Possible Choices• Best Match• Possible Match• Function Synonyms (Labels)
- Not Frequently-Used Functions• Dynamic Interfaces (Can) Cause Confusion• Conflicts with Habit• Less Optimal, But Predictable
- WebTwig Dynamic Outline Works- Cursor Keys Need to Be Improved- Avoid Scrolling- Use Action Text
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Other ProtocolsOther Protocols
- 802.11- Bluetooth- 3G- GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)- GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service)- WAP- WML- XML- Flash- PAD++
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IA Toolbox of Handheld IdeasIA Toolbox of Handheld Ideas
• Companies - Programs- AvantGo- Palm Developer- Air2Web- I-Mode- PocketPC- Symbian- Nokia- MetroWerks
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IA Resources for the FutureIA Resources for the Future• “Smart Mobs” – Howard Rheingold• “Contextual Computing”• Invisible Computer – Don Norman• Good Old-Fashioned Future - Bruce Sterling• Industrial Design
• DoCoMo• Apple Knowledge Navigator• HP “Cooltown”• IBM Pervasive Computing• UbiComp• IEEE Spectrum• Japan
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Next WeekNext Week
• Advanced (Special Case) IA Topics• Readings- Questions for Class Discussion- Class Participation
• 10-Minute Drills Continue: Project Group Check-In
• EoY