informal sector and quality employment in asian mics (paper)

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  • 8/4/2019 Informal sector and quality employment in Asian MICs (Paper)

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    Zkxgvj~ W}gaezu Mc|akucmdz ed Edjkdm~eg

    H}dz}v ^}heugvzkg%! Jmygdzk \vgzkckf%! gdj Vgjmd C}`gccgj \}vdgh}dgxgdn%

    Gf~zvgnz

    Z`e~ |g|mv mpgcedm~ z`m judgcen~ gdj n`gvgnzmve~zen~ ki agfkv cgvomz ed Edjkdm~eg ed z`m

    nkdzmpz ki g ~mvem~ ki mnkdkcen ia}nz}gzekd~! edna}jedh z`m G~egd Iedgdnega Nve~e~ (GIN% gdj z`m

    Hakfga Iedgdnega Nve~e~ (HIN%$ Z`m cged |}v|k~m e~ zk ~mm `kx z`m agfkv cgvomz vmgnz~ zk z`m

    ~`kno~ gdj x`gz oedj~ ki |kaenu vm~|kd~m vmamygdz zk gjjvm~~ z`m e~~}m$ Gaa gvm ed z`m nkdzmpz ki

    ec|vkyedh z`m w}gaezu ki mc|akucmdz gdj z`m nkdjezekd ki agfkv cgvomz$ \gvzen}agv mc|`g~e~ e~

    heymd zk z`m miimnz~ kd jeiimvmdz zu|m~ ki xkvomv~ zk `gym g fmzzmv |enz}vm kd z`m agfkv cgvomz

    vm~|kd~m gdj ez~ |kaenu ec|aengzekd~$ Omu |kaenu vm~|kd~m~ gjk|zmj fu z`m hkymvdcmdz xeaa ga~k

    fm mpgcedmj edna}jedh ed ez~ mpe~zedh nkd~zvgedz~ vmagzmj zk hmdjmv! }vfgd v}vga! edikvcgaezu gdj

    kz`mv n`gvgnzmve~zen~$ Kymvgaa vm~}az~ ~`kx z`gz z`m agfkv cgvomz ed Edjkdm~eg e~ ymvu iampefam ed

    ez~ ck~z g~|mnz~! edna}jedh ed zmvc~ ki vmnv}ezcmdz kv mc|akucmdz! xkvoedh `k}v~ gdj xghm$

    Xkvomv~ ngddkz giikvj zk fm }dmc|akumj gdj ghven}az}vm gdj edikvcga ~mnzkv gaxgu~ gnz g~ z`m

    f}iimv j}vedh z`m nve~m~$ Z`e~ amgj~ zk g xejm~|vmgj }djmvmc|akucmdz gdj edikvcga mc|akucmdz

    vm~}azmj ed akx w}gaezu gdj |vkj}nzeyezu ki xkvomv~$ Mpe~zedh |kaenu vm~|kd~m~ ~}n` g~ z`m

    cedec}c xghm gdj ~mymvgdnm |gu nkdzvef}zm aezzam zk ec|vkym z`m ~ez}gzekd gdj z`mvmikvm g

    fmzzmv |kaenu vm~|kd~m e~ vmgaau dmmjmj$ Z`m |kaenu c}~z zgom edzk gnnk}dz z`m judgcen~ gdj

    n`gvgn`mzve~zen~ ki z`m agfkv cgvomz g~ xmaa g~ vkam ki edikvcga gdj ghven}az}vm ~mnzkv~$ Z`m

    nk}dzvu dmmj~ zk hvkx ig~zmv gdj ckvm edna}~eym zk nvmgzm ckvm w}gaezu mc|akucmdz gdj z`e~

    ngddkz fm gn`emymj fu vmikvcedh z`m agfkv cgvomz kdau$ Ed~zmgj! ez c}~z fm jkdm ed nkdb}nzekd

    xez` ec|vkyedh z`m kymvgaa edym~zcmdz naecgzm$

    [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[g% ^mdekv Mnkdkce~z! GJF gdj nkvvm~|kdjedh g}z`kv$ f%$ Fvgxebgug ]deymv~ezu! Edjkdm~eg$ (n% \gjbgjbgvgd]deymv~ezu! Edjkdm~eg$ Z`m yemx~ mp|vm~~mj `mvm gvm z`k~m ki z`m g}z`kv~ gdj jk dkz dmnm~~gveau vmiamnzz`m yemx~ kv |kaenem~ ki z`m GJF$

    7

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    7$ Edzvkj}nzekd

    Edjkdm~eg e~ z`m ik}vz` ck~z |k|}ak}~ nk}dzvu ed z`m xkvaj gizmv \$V$ N`edg! Edjeg! gdj z`m ]^G

    xez` g zkzga |k|}agzekd ki ckvm z`gd 6>< ceaaekd ed 6~`gvm! `kxmymv! xg~ ednvmg~m j}vedh z`m 7558#7550 nve~e~ |mvekj x`md ez ~mvymj g~ g ~gimzu

    ygaym fu gf~kvfedh mc|akucmdz ivkc }vfgd ikvcga ~mnzkv! x`en` `g~ nkdzvgnzmj ~ehdeiengdzau$

    Z`m edikvcga ~mnzkv e~ g~~knegzmj xez` akx w}gaezu bkf xez` |kkv xkvoedh nkdjezekd~$

    Kd z`m kz`mv `gdj! ikvcga mc|akucmdz ed Edjkdm~egd nkdzmpz e~ cgedau ed }vfgd gdj g~~knegzmj

    xez` g hkkj bkf$ Z`m vgzm `g~ ednvmg~mj }dzea 7559 f}z z`md jmnvmg~mj }dzea 6= `k}v~ |mv xmmo xez` akx ednkcm$ Ckvm z`gd >>- ki z`mc xk}aj

    aeom zk `gym g dmx bkf heymd z`mev akx |gu gdj |kkv xkvoedh nkdjezekd~ (^}heugvzk mz ga$ 6

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    Gdkz`mv omu |vkfamc e~ z`m vehejezu ki z`m agfkv cgvomz vmh}agzekd$ Ed ignz! ez ~mmd g~ kdm ki z`m

    ck~z vehej ed z`m vmhekd cgoedh ez ckvm mp|md~eym zk jk f}~edm~~ (~mm Xkvaj Fgdo |}faengzekd

    kd Jkedh F}~edm~~%$7 Z`m vmh}agzekd~ kd cedec}c xghm gdj ~mymvgdnm |gu! ikv ed~zgdnm! `gym

    cgjm z`m mnkdkcu am~~ nkc|mzezeym$ Z`mkvmzengaau ez e~ ymvu mp|md~eym zk ~mz }| g f}~edm~~ ed

    Edjkdm~eg! x`eam |vgnzengaezu ez e~ g ymvu jeiimvmdz cgzzmv z`gz cgom~ xkvomv~ ed z`m xkv~m kii

    nkdjezekd$ Iev~z! z`m vmh}agzekd~ gvm evvmamygdz zk edikvcga xkvomv~$ ^mnkdj! nkc|aegdnm zk z`m

    cedec}c xghm gdj ~mymvgdnm |gu e~ akx j}m zk z`m agno ki mdikvnmcmdz$ Z`e~ ngd fm ~mmd ivkc

    z`m ignz z`gz z`m hkymvdcmdz dmymv e~~}m miimnzeym ~gdnzekd~ zk mc|akumv~ nkdzed}edh zk |gu z`mev

    xkvomv~ fmakx z`m cedec}c xghm gdj jej dkz |gu z`m ~mymvgdnm |gu (^CMV]! 6

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    ik}v z`md nkdnmdzvgzm~ kd z`m miimnz~ ki z`m zxk nve~m~2 z`m GIN gdj HIN kd z`m agfkv cgvomz

    k}znkcm~! edna}jedh kd akkoedh gz x`gz oedj~ ki bkf nvmgzmj j}vedh z`m nve~m~ gdj x`k hkz z`mc$

    Ed ~mnzekd ik}v! z`m ikn}~ e~ kd z`m omu |kaenu cmg~}vm~ z`gz z`m hkymvdcmdz gjk|zmj fu akkoedh

    gz z`mev ec|gnz~ kd z`m agfkv cgvomz k}znkcm~$ Zxk cgbkv |kaenu cmg~}vm~ gvm mpgcedmj! e$m$

    z`m cedec}c xghm gdj ~mymvgdnm |gu vmh}agzekd~$ Z`m ag~z ~mnzekd z`md |vkyejm~ ~kcm omu

    iedjedh~ gdj z`mev |kaenu ec|aengzekd~ fu ikn}~edh kd z`m miikvz ki ec|vkyedh z`m w}gaezu ki

    mc|akucmdz gdj agfkv cgvomz nkdjezekd$

    :

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    6$ Omu Jmymak|cmdz \vkhvm~~ ed z`m Mnkdkcu

    6$7$ Cged \vkhvm~~ ed z`m Mnkdkcu

    Edjkdm~eg ~zgvzmj ez~ mnkdkcen jmymak|cmdz ivkc g ymvu akx fg~m$ Ez~ |mv ng|ezg ednkcm ed 7598

    xg~ kdau *=< #gfk}z `gai z`gz ki Edjeg! Fgdhagjm~`! gdj Dehmveg (@eaa 7559%# f}z ez ~}nnm~~i}aau

    cgedzgedmj ez~ mnkdkcen hvkxz` gz gd gymvghm ki gack~z 8- |mv umgv j}vedh 7595#5=$ Z`m

    hvkxz` `g~ vge~mj z`m |k|}agzekd~ aeyedh ~zgdjgvj~ g~ |mv ng|ezg ednkcm ednvmg~mj fu gfk}z

    :$=- |mv umgv$

    J}vedh z`m mgvau 750

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    Mdzmvedh z`m 755

  • 8/4/2019 Informal sector and quality employment in Asian MICs (Paper)

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    6$6$ Igeamj ^zv}nz}vga Zvgd~ikvcgzekd

    Akkoedh gz ckvm jmzgea~ gz z`m ~mnzkvga amyma! z`m GIN vmgaau jmvgea~ z`m jmymak|cmdz |vkhvm~~ ed

    Edjkdm~eg$ J}vedh z`m |mvekj ki 755>#7559! ikv ed~zgdnm! Edjkdm~eg `gj mp|mvemdnmj g ~zvkdh

    mnkdkcen hvkxz` xez` z`m gdd}ga HJ\ hvkxz` ki 8$8-$ Cgd}ignz}vedh edj}~zvu hvmx

    ec|vm~~eymau gz 7$=- ed 7559! zgoedh

    kymv z`m ~mvyenm ~mnzkv! x`en` mp|mvemdnmj g ~aeh`z jmnvmg~m ivkc :6- zk :

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    nkcckjezu |venm~! zmn`dkakhenga n`gdhm~ gdj ~}f~zgdzega jmvmh}agzekd~! x`eam ~mvyenm ~mnzkv

    nkdzed}mj zk hvkx igv ckvm vg|ejau xez` gd gymvghm hvkxz` vgzm ki 8$7- |mv gdd}c zk fmnkcm

    z`m cged jveymv ki z`m mnkdkcen mp|gd~ekd$

    Z`mvmikvm! fg~mj kd z`m kymvgaa |enz}vm j}vedh z`m |mvekj ki 755>#6

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    Ieh}vm 7$ mnzkvga Nkdzvef}zekd ki Ghven}az}vm! Cgd}ignz}vedh Edj}~zvu!gdj ^mvyenm~ zk HJ\! 755>#6

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    >$ Z`m Judgcen~ gdj Cged N`gvgnzmve~zen~ ki z`m Edjkdm~egd Agfkv Cgvomz

    Z`e~ ~mnzekd mpgcedm~ z`m omu zvmdj~ gdj n`gvgnzmve~zen~ ki z`m Edjkdm~egd agfkv cgvomz ed z`m

    nkdzmpz ki mnkdkcen ia}nz}gzekd~ fu }~edh z`m Edjkdm~egd Agfkv Ikvnm ^}vymu~ (^gomvdg~#

    ^}vyme Gdhogzgd Omvbg Dg~ekdga%$ Zk ~mvym z`m |}v|k~m! z`m cged jgzg ~mz~ }~mj ed z`m gdgau~e~

    gvm ^gomvdg~ 755> zk 6|k|}agzekd (vm~}az ki z`m Edjkdm~egd \k|}agzekd Nmd~}~ ed 6f%$ Z`e~ vgzm e~ c}n` `eh`mv z`gd z`m hvkxz` vgzm ki z`m zkzga |k|}agzekd! x`en` e~ g||vkpecgzmau

    kdau gvk}dj 7$>- |mv umgv j}vedh z`m ~gcm |mvekj$ Z`m hvkxz` vgzm ki xkvoedh ghm |k|}agzekd

    `g~ `kxmymv zmdjmj zk jmnvmg~m kymv z`m umgv~ j}m zk z`m igaaedh ki zkzga imvzeaezu vgzm g~ g vm~}az

    ki ~}nnm~~i}a ec|amcmdzgzekd ki z`m dgzekdga igceau |agddedh |vkhvgc fu z`m hkymvdcmdz ed z`m

    |vmyek}~ jmngjm~$ Z`m ~}nnm~~ e~ ga~k vmiamnzmj ed z`m akxmv ~`gvm~ ki uk}dh gdj |vecm#ghmj

    |k|}agzekd ed z`m zkzga |k|}agzekd$:

    :Z`e~ ngd ga~k fm ~mmd ed z`m nkc|gve~kd ki |k|}agzekd |uvgcej~ gnvk~~ zecm$ ^mm ^}heugvzk mz ga$ 6

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    Z`m feh nkc|kdmdz ki z`m xkvoedh ghm |k|}agzekd e~ z`m agfkv ikvnm! x`en` nkd~e~z~ ki z`k~m x`k

    gvm xkvoedh kv akkoedh ikv g bkf$ Z`m agfkv ikvnm d}cfmv ed 6g$ Xkvoedh Ghm \k|}agzekd fu Mj}ngzekd Amyma~! 755>#6

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    G~ z`m hvkxz` vgzm ki agfkv ikvnm e~ `eh`mv z`gd z`m hvkxz` vgzm ki zkzga |k|}agzekd! z`e~ cmgd~

    z`gz z`m nk}dzvu nk}aj gnz}gaau fmdmiez ivkc g jmckhvg|`en jeyejmdjkymv z`k~m umgv~ ikv z`m

    mnkdkcu ngd hvkx ig~zmv z`gd |k|}agzekd~ hvkxz` zk ednvmg~m |mv ng|ezg ednkcm gdj vmj}nm

    |kymvzu$ Z`e~ xedjkx ki k||kvz}dezu xeaa dkz ag~z ikv akdh ~ednm ed z`m dmgv i}z}vm z`m hvkxz` vgzm

    ki z`m majmvau gdj jm|mdjmdz |k|}agzekd xeaa k}z|gnm z`m hvkxz` vgzm ki z`m agfkv ikvnm$ Ed z`e~

    ng~m! xkvomv~ dmmj zk xkvo `gvjmv zk b}~z cgedzged |mv ng|ezg ednkcm amyma! heyedh ~zvged~ kd

    xkvomv~ ednkcm ~mn}vezu$ Gnnkvjedhau! ez e~ ymvu ec|kvzgdz z`gz z`m Edjkdm~egd hkymvdcmdz

    cgom~ z`m ck~z ki z`e~ jmckhvg|`en fkd}~ fu fkk~zedh z`m nvmgzekd ki hkkj bkf~ gdj ednvmg~edh

    z`m |vkj}nzeyezu ki xkvomv~$

    Kd z`m vmamygdz agfkv cgvomz edjengzkv~ vmagzmj zk z`e~ e~~}m! z`m agfkv ikvnm |gvzene|gzekd vgzm

    (AI\V% ga~k vmcged~ ~zgfam gz gvk}dj 99-#90-! vmiamnzedh z`m nkdjezekd z`gz z`m hvkxz` ki z`m

    agfkv ikvnm ed Edjkdm~eg e~ ck~zau giimnzmj fu z`m dgz}vga hvkxz` ed z`m |k|}agzekd (Evgxgd mz ga!

    6

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    |k|}agzekd! ~}n` g~ ivkc imvzeaezu gdj ckvzgaezu vgzm~! gdj z`gz z`m agfkv cgvomz gjb}~zcmdz j}vedh

    z`m nve~e~ e~ ckvm ki |venm kv xghm gjb}~zcmdz vgz`mv z`gd w}gdzezu gjb}~zcmdz$ Z`e~ nkdjezekd

    vmiamnz z`m iampefeaezu ki z`m agfkv cgvomz ed Edjkdm~eg f}z ga~k `eh`aeh`z~ z`m y}admvgfeaezu ki agfkv

    ikvnm ~ednm ed z`m gf~mdnm ki }dmc|akucmdz fmdmiez~ xkvomv~ ngddkz giikvj zk fm }dmc|akumj

    gdj z`mvmikvm c}~z fmgv z`m gjymv~m miimnz~ ki mnkdkcen ~`kno~$ J}vedh z`m mnkdkcen

    jkxdz}vd~! z`mu c}~z gnnm|z akxmv xghm~ kv ednkcm~! zkhmz`mv vgnedh zk z`m fkzzkc ki z`m

    xmaigvm amyma$ Z`e~ iedjedh ga~k mc|`g~erm~ z`gz nvmgzedh ckvm bkf kdau e~ vmgaau dkz mdk}h` 9 gdj

    z`gz g ~m|gvgzm agfkv cgvomz |kaenu e~ dmmjmj zk nvmgzm ckvm gdj fmzzmv bkf~ gdj zk ec|vkym z`m

    nkdjezekd ki xkvomv~$

    9^zvenzau ~|mgoedh! nvmgzedh bkf e~ ed ignz dkz ymvu vmamygdz ed z`m Edjkdm~egd nkdzmpz ~ednm z`m xkvoikvnm ngd gaxgu~ iedj kv nvmgzm

    bkf~ ikv z`mc~maym~ g~ |gvz ki z`mev ~}vyeyedh ~zvgzmhu$

    7>

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    Ieh}vm :g$ Agfkv Ikvnm \gvzene|gzekd Vgzm fu Hmdjmv! 755>#6

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    Ieh}vm :n$ Zkzga ki Agfkv Ikvnm fu Mj}ngzekd Amyma! 755>#6

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