Influence on Influence on DemocracyDemocracy

GovernmentGovernment

►What does government mean?What does government mean? A system for controlling the societyA system for controlling the society

►2000 BC Greeks established cities2000 BC Greeks established cities►Each had a governmentEach had a government

Government was created to keep order Government was created to keep order and peaceand peace►Without Without

Types of GovernmentTypes of Government

►Monarchy- a single king or monarch Monarchy- a single king or monarch ruled the government ex. King/ ruled the government ex. King/ EmporerEmporer Think of when your brother or sister gets Think of when your brother or sister gets

to be in charge for the first timeto be in charge for the first time

►Aristocracy- ruled by a small group of Aristocracy- ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning families noble, land-owning families ex.Rich/Born into $$ex.Rich/Born into $$

►Oligarchy- a government ruled by a Oligarchy- a government ruled by a few powerful people ex.Like a few powerful people ex.Like a monarchy w/ more peoplemonarchy w/ more people

►Democracy- means “rule of the Democracy- means “rule of the people” ex. In the US we elect people” ex. In the US we elect President, Congress and Senate to President, Congress and Senate to represent usrepresent us Demos=people, kratos=powerDemos=people, kratos=power

► Imagine…Imagine… I want our class to be a democracy! We I want our class to be a democracy! We

will vote on the format of the quiz: will vote on the format of the quiz: multiple choice, fill in the blank or true or multiple choice, fill in the blank or true or falsefalse

What if I said only 3 people were eligible What if I said only 3 people were eligible to vote?to vote?

Early Greek DemocracyEarly Greek Democracy

►All free adult males were citizensAll free adult males were citizens►People were enslaved to pay debts $$People were enslaved to pay debts $$

$$ Slaves were not considered citizensSlaves were not considered citizens

►AnyAny citizen could bring charges citizen could bring charges against wrongdoersagainst wrongdoers Not just nobles had the right to bring Not just nobles had the right to bring

chargescharges

GreeceGreece

►Early democracyEarly democracy►Only citizens could participate in Only citizens could participate in

governmentgovernment►About 10% were citizensAbout 10% were citizens►Women, slaves and foreign residents were not Women, slaves and foreign residents were not

allowed to participate in governmentallowed to participate in government Is this a real democracy?Is this a real democracy?

Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy

►Citizens making laws rather than Citizens making laws rather than representatives representatives ““Our constitution is called a democracy Our constitution is called a democracy

because power is in the hands not of a because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people”minority but of the whole people”

Also developed 3 branches of governmentAlso developed 3 branches of government►We still have this in AmericaWe still have this in America

Rome’s RepublicRome’s Republic

►Greece was in decline while the Greece was in decline while the Romans were becoming powerful in Romans were becoming powerful in EuropeEurope Republic- people elect representativesRepublic- people elect representatives Only free-born males could voteOnly free-born males could vote Patricians v Plebians AKA Rich vs. PoorPatricians v Plebians AKA Rich vs. Poor

Law developsLaw develops

►The rich twisted oral laws to benefit The rich twisted oral laws to benefit themselvesthemselves Not written somewhere so that everyone Not written somewhere so that everyone

can know themcan know them

►Led to creation of the Twelve TablesLed to creation of the Twelve Tables►Laws carved on 12 tablets for public displayLaws carved on 12 tablets for public display►Laws are now clear and can’t be twisted for Laws are now clear and can’t be twisted for

benefitbenefit►This was forced by the Plebians (poor)This was forced by the Plebians (poor)

Important Roman LawsImportant Roman Laws

►All citizens had the right to equal All citizens had the right to equal treatment under the lawtreatment under the law

► Innocent until proven guiltyInnocent until proven guilty►Burden of proof rested with the Burden of proof rested with the

accuseraccuser►Any unreasonable or unfair law could Any unreasonable or unfair law could

be set asidebe set aside

Rome’s impactRome’s impact

► Idea of the republicIdea of the republic Elected representativesElected representatives

►Written legal codeWritten legal code►They took and added to the Greeks They took and added to the Greeks

ideas of Democracyideas of Democracy►Citizen of the State, not the subject of Citizen of the State, not the subject of

the rulerthe ruler

Religious InfluencesReligious Influences

► Judaism, Christianity and Islam all Judaism, Christianity and Islam all influenced democracyinfluenced democracy Worth of individualsWorth of individuals Being responsibleBeing responsible Questioning authorityQuestioning authority

JudaismJudaism

►Many other religions were polytheist, Many other religions were polytheist, while the Hebrews were monotheistwhile the Hebrews were monotheist

►Believed it was God’s wish for people Believed it was God’s wish for people to live a moral lifeto live a moral life

►Code of laws AKA Ten CommandmentsCode of laws AKA Ten Commandments Morality/ethicsMorality/ethics

►What are some of the Ten What are some of the Ten Commandments?Commandments?

►““He has told you, O mortal, what is He has told you, O mortal, what is good; and what does the lord require good; and what does the lord require of you but to do justice, and to love of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?”your God?”

Micah 6:8Micah 6:8

►The prophets taught that each person The prophets taught that each person has a responsibility to oppose injustice has a responsibility to oppose injustice and oppressionand oppression

ChristianityChristianity

► Jesus was born about 6-4 BCJesus was born about 6-4 BC Jew and a Roman subjectJew and a Roman subject Many of his ideas came from the Jewish Many of his ideas came from the Jewish

traditiontradition God’s personal relationship w/ each God’s personal relationship w/ each

human beinghuman being

►Romans saw him as a threatRomans saw him as a threat ““King of the Jews”King of the Jews” Too many people following himToo many people following him Death by crucifixionDeath by crucifixion

Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity

►As Jews were exiled from Rome, they As Jews were exiled from Rome, they took their ideas with themtook their ideas with them

►Stressed equality of all human beingsStressed equality of all human beings

IslamIslam

►Another monotheistic religion based Another monotheistic religion based on equalityon equality

►Based on the teaching of the prophet Based on the teaching of the prophet MuhammadMuhammad

►Requires that Muslims offer charity Requires that Muslims offer charity help to those in needhelp to those in need

What did these monotheistic What did these monotheistic religions give us?religions give us?

►Fight oppression- bad conditions or Fight oppression- bad conditions or mistreatmentmistreatment

►Worth of the individualWorth of the individual►Equality of people before GodEquality of people before God

DiscussDiscuss

►Pair-share: What happens if you are Pair-share: What happens if you are accused of a crime and charged? What accused of a crime and charged? What happens in court?happens in court?

► Imagine having to fight to the death Imagine having to fight to the death for your freedomfor your freedom

Democracy Develops in Democracy Develops in EnglandEngland

►William the Duke of Normandy William the Duke of Normandy defeated the Anglo-Saxonsdefeated the Anglo-Saxons William claimed the throneWilliam claimed the throne

►This led to the end of feudalismThis led to the end of feudalism Centralized gov’t in EnglandCentralized gov’t in England Democracy begins to developDemocracy begins to develop

Trial by JuryTrial by Jury

►Royal Judge in charge of the courtsRoyal Judge in charge of the courts►12 men, often neighbors of the 12 men, often neighbors of the

accused answered questions about the accused answered questions about the casecase Known as the JuryKnown as the Jury

►People liked this better because it was People liked this better because it was more fairmore fair

►Who makes the laws at home? School?Who makes the laws at home? School? Do you feel they are fair?Do you feel they are fair? What if we get a new Principal and all the What if we get a new Principal and all the

rules change?rules change?

LawsLaws

►Common LawCommon Law A set of rules established over timeA set of rules established over time Not the will of one lawmaker or KingNot the will of one lawmaker or King

►Magna Carta (Great Charter)Magna Carta (Great Charter) Angry that the King tried to raise taxes to Angry that the King tried to raise taxes to

pay for a bad warpay for a bad war Contract between the King and noblesContract between the King and nobles Individual rights and libertiesIndividual rights and liberties LIMITED the POWER of the KingLIMITED the POWER of the King

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

►The King now needs parliament’s The King now needs parliament’s approval to taxapproval to tax Power of the pursePower of the purse

►Right to a jury trialRight to a jury trial You don’t just get thrown in jail because You don’t just get thrown in jail because

someone said you broke the law, they had someone said you broke the law, they had to prove itto prove it

Due process of lawDue process of law►The law working in predictable waysThe law working in predictable ways

Parliament over the KingParliament over the King

►King James ignoring common law King James ignoring common law courts using the Star Chambercourts using the Star Chamber Special royal court, rules don’t applySpecial royal court, rules don’t apply Bypassing due processBypassing due process

►Queen Elizabeth left lots of debt and Queen Elizabeth left lots of debt and James wanted more $ for courts and James wanted more $ for courts and warswars

Charles takes overCharles takes over

►Dad dies, Charles becomes KingDad dies, Charles becomes King►Still needs $$Still needs $$►Parliament gave him the $, but made Parliament gave him the $, but made

him sign Petition of Right, which ended:him sign Petition of Right, which ended: Can’t tax w/o parliament’s consentCan’t tax w/o parliament’s consent Illegally imprisoning citizensIllegally imprisoning citizens Housing troops in people’s homesHousing troops in people’s homes

►Charles signsCharles signs

►Charles ignores the Petition and Charles ignores the Petition and dismisses Parliamentdismisses Parliament

►Royalists (for monarchy)Royalists (for monarchy)►Antiroyalists (King is a tyrant)Antiroyalists (King is a tyrant)►7 years of fighting7 years of fighting►Charles called: “tyrant, murderer and Charles called: “tyrant, murderer and

public enemy”public enemy”►Charles executedCharles executed

English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights

►The rights that limit the power of the The rights that limit the power of the KingKing Can’t just change the laws as they feelCan’t just change the laws as they feel

►Can’t suspend lawsCan’t suspend laws►Can’t tax without approval from parliamentCan’t tax without approval from parliament►Can’t raise an army unless there’s a warCan’t raise an army unless there’s a war►No more cruel and unusual punishmentNo more cruel and unusual punishment►No more excessive bailNo more excessive bail

Summary of England’s Summary of England’s influenceinfluence

►Magna CartaMagna Carta►Bill of RightsBill of Rights►Rule of lawRule of law►Limited the influence of the KingLimited the influence of the King

►Framers- those responsible for creating Framers- those responsible for creating the Constitutionthe Constitution

►Representative government-Citizens Representative government-Citizens elect representatives to make laws for elect representatives to make laws for themthem Similar to Rome’s RepublicSimilar to Rome’s Republic

►Federalism-government’s powers Federalism-government’s powers divided between central government divided between central government and state and local governmentand state and local government

Democracy in the USDemocracy in the US

►1787 American leaders meet in 1787 American leaders meet in Philadelphia to work out a better plan Philadelphia to work out a better plan for governmentfor government Created the US ConstitutionCreated the US Constitution Wanted it to be strong, but not a tyrannyWanted it to be strong, but not a tyranny

►US Constitution is a model for other US Constitution is a model for other democraciesdemocracies

►Separation of powersSeparation of powers Executive, legislative and judicialExecutive, legislative and judicial Keeps one branch from having too much Keeps one branch from having too much

powerpower

US builds a constitutionUS builds a constitution

►Wanted to create a strong, stable Wanted to create a strong, stable government, but without abusing the peoplegovernment, but without abusing the people

► Set up a representative governmentSet up a representative government Citizens elect people to represent themCitizens elect people to represent them

►Congress/SenateCongress/Senate

► Federal systemFederal system Power split between governments, one person Power split between governments, one person

doesn’t hold all the powerdoesn’t hold all the power No MonarchsNo Monarchs Separation of powersSeparation of powers

Hobbes vs. LockeHobbes vs. Locke

►Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes People are selfish by naturePeople are selfish by nature Need a Monarch to control selfishnessNeed a Monarch to control selfishness Social ContractSocial Contract- submitting to a ruler to - submitting to a ruler to

keep the peacekeep the peace

►Having one person in charge is not Having one person in charge is not total freedom, but it is better than total freedom, but it is better than being out in nature with no protection being out in nature with no protection at allat all

John LockeJohn Locke

► If the government is violating or failing If the government is violating or failing to protect your rights, you have the to protect your rights, you have the right to overthrow itright to overthrow it The government must The government must at leastat least protect protect

the the natural rightsnatural rights of the people of the people

►Power comes from the people, not GodPower comes from the people, not God