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Influence of Marble Powder on Mechanical Properties of Mortar and Concrete

MixThis paper aims to focus on the possibilities of using waste materials from differentmanufacturing activitiesin the preparation of innovative mortar and concrete. The use of waste marble powder (dust) was proposedin partial replacement of cement, for the production of Mortar and Concrete Mix. In particular, tests wereconducted on the mortars and concrete mix cured for different times in order to determine theirworkability, flexural as well as compressive strength. Partial replacement of cement by varying percentageof marble powder reveals that increased waste marble powder (WMP) ratio result in increased workabilityand compressive strengths of the mortar and concrete.

Er. Tanpreet Singh and Er. Anil Kumar Nanda, Associate Professor & Head Surya School of Engg. &Tech. Surya World, Rajpura

Introduction

Blended cements based on the partial replacement of Portland cement clinker (PC) by wastes have beenthe subject of many investigations in recent years. The use of the replacement materials offer costreduction, energy savings, arguably superior products, and fewer hazards in the environment. Thesematerials participate in the hydraulic reactions, contributing significantly to the composition andmicrostructure of hydrated product. In building industry, Marble has been commonly used for variouspurposes like flooring, cladding etc., as a building material since the ancient times. The industry's disposalof the marble powder material, consisting of very fine powder, today constitutes one of the environmentalproblems around the world. In India, marble dust is settled by sedimentation and then dumped awaywhich results in environmental pollution, in addition to forming dust in summer and threatening bothagriculture and public health. Therefore, utilization of the marble dust in various industrial sectorsespecially the construction, agriculture, glass and paper industries would help to protect the environment.Some attempts have been made to find and assess the possibilities of using waste marble powder inmortars and concretes and results about strength and workability were compared with control samples ofconventional cement sand mortar/concrete.

Methodology

To carry out the proposed study cubes of mortar (1:3) with varying partial replacement of cement with thesame amount of WMP were cast and tested at three different intervals of 7days. Their results werecompared with those of standard (1:3) mortar and concrete cubes.Detail of mortar mix has been shown inTable 1.

Table 1: Mortar Mix (1:3) Proportion when cement was replaced.

%Replacement 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Cement 1200 1140 1080 1020 960

Sand 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600

Marble Powder 0 60 120 180 240

Water 528 528 528 528 528

W/C ratio .44 .46 .49 .51 .53

In the same way cube specimens and beams samples of M35 grade of concrete have been tested inlaboratory for which each percentage of marble powder i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Threeproperties of concrete namely workability, compressive strength and flexural strength have been selectedfor study and evaluated according to IS: 1199­1959 and IS: 516­1959 respectively. Before initiating thetest properties of materials were determined according to respective IS codes. The properties are shown inTable 2.

Table 2: Material Properties

Material Fineness/Fineness Modulus Specific Gravity

Cement 0.225 (m2/g) 3.12

Fine Aggregate 2.60 2.71

Course Aggregate 2.96 2.85

Marble Powder 1.5 (m2/g) 2.67

Consistency of cement is 30%. Initial and final setting time of cement is 127 minutes and 420 minutes respectively.Fine aggregate conforms to zone III as per IS: 383 —1970.

Mix Design

Based on the Indian Standard (IS: 10262­1982), design mix for M35 grade of concrete was prepared bypartially replacing fine aggregate with five different percentages by weight of marble granules (0%, 5%,

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10%, 15%, and 20%). The mix proportion for M35 Grades of concrete with varying percentage of marblegranules is presented in Table 3.

Table 3: Mix Proportion for Concrete Mix

Mix Materials Mix Proportion

M35

%Marble Sand (kg) Waste Marble (kg) C:w:fa:Ca:Wm

0 635 0 1:0.40:1.59:2.91:0.00

5 603.25 31.75 1:0.40:1.51:2.91:0.08

10 571.5 63.5 1:0.40:1.42: 2.91:0.158

15 539.75 95.25 1:0.40:1.35: 2.91:0.238

20 508 127 1:0.40:1.27: 2.91:0.318

Cement content and coarse aggregate is 400 kg and 1165 kg respectively while W/C is 0.40 for each mixproportion.

Results and Discussions

Mortar Mix

28 days Compressive Strength Test on Mortar

Test results tor every specimen were shown below in Table 4. It is observed here that with increase ofWMP (replacing cement) the strength falls when the WMP is 15% or 20%.

Table 4: Compressive strength for Mortar Mix (N/mm2).

Curing Days 5% 10% 15% 20%

28 days 39.6 37.1 35.2 34.6

Concrete Mix

Workability

It is observed here that degree of workability is medium as per IS 456­2000. The slump values of theconcretes obtained from waste marble granules mix gave negligible effect as compared to normal concretemix as shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Slump Value for Concrete Mix

% Replacement Slump value (mm)

0 55

5 57

10 63

15 65

20 66

Compressive Strength

The test results are also presented in Table 6. By increasing the waste marble granules the compressivestrength values of concrete tends to increase at each curing age. This trend can be attributed to the factthat marble granules possess cementing properties. It is also as much effective in enhancing cohesivenessdue to lower fineness modulus of the marble powder or granules both. Furthermore, the mean strength ofconcrete mixes with marble granules was 5­10% higher than the reference concretes. However, there is aslight decrease in compressive strength value concrete mix when 20% marble granule is used as comparedwith that of 15% marble granule mix.

Table 6: Compressive Strength for Concrete Mix (N/mm2).

Days 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

7 days 31.3 32 34.5 33.7 32.9

14 days 34.8 36.1 38.3 35.4 34.7

28 days 39.2 40.8 42.9 41.1 38.8

Flexural Strength Test

The flexural strength calculations are done as per IS: 516­1959. The results of the flexural strength testsfor the waste marble powder mix concrete are shown in Table 7. The results show that the flexuralstrength of waste marble mix concrete increases with the increase of thewaste marble ratio in thesemixtures. This trend can again be attributed to the fact that marblegranules possess cementing properties.

Table 7: Flexural Strength for Concrete Mix (N/mm2).

Curing Days 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

28 days 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.4

Conclusions

Mortar Mix

Marble powder is partially replaced in cement by weight; there is a marked reduction in compressivestrength values of mortar mix with increasing marble powder content when compared with control sampleat each curing age.

Marble Mix Concrete

The slump values of the concretes obtained from waste marble granules mix gave negligible effect ascompared to normal concrete mix. Degree of workability is medium conforming to IS: 456 – 2000. Themean strength of all concrete mixes with marble granules was 5­10% higher than the references concreteconforming to IS: 456­2000. The flexural strength of waste marble mix concrete increases with theincrease of the waste marble ratio in these mixtures.

References

Agarwal, S. K., and D. Gulati. 2006. Utilization of industrial wastes and unprocessed micro­fillers formaking cost effective mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 20: 999–1004.BaharDemirel, (2010), "The effect of the using waste marble dust as fine sand on the mechanicalproperties of the concrete," International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5 (9), pp 1372­1380.Hameed M S and Sekar A S S (2009) Properties of Green Concrete containing Quarry Rock Dust andMarble Sludge powder as a fine aggregate ARPN J Engineering Applied Sciences4: 83­89.HanifiBinici, Hasan Kaplan and SalihYilmaz, (2007), "Influence of marble and limestone dusts asadditives on some mechanical properties of concrete," Scientific Research and Essay, 2(9), pp 372379.IS:383­1970, Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete—Bureauof Indian Standards, New Delhi.IS:10262­1982 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design—Bureau of Indian Standards, NewDelhi.IS: 456­2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete—Code of Practice—Bureau of Indian Standards, NewDelhi.

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IS: 516­1959, Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete—Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.IS: 8112­1989, 43 Grade Ordinary Portland cement—Specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, NewDelhi.Mehta, P. K. 2002. Greening of the Concrete Industry for Sustainable Development, Concr. Int., 24:(7): 23­27.Topçu, I. B., T. Bilir, and T. Uygunoglu. 2009. Effect of waste marble dust content as filler on propertiesof self­compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23: 1947–1953.

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