infectious diseases, conditions and/or micro...
TRANSCRIPT
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 1 of 70 July 2018
IC.05.02 TABLE OF RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS SELECTED INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS &/OR MICROORGANISMS REV. July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Abscess Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing)
Routine Contact
Duration of drainage
MI contact and RI permitted if drainage adequately controlled. Mother: - Breast abscess-consult
physician prior to breast feeding
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Routine MI contact and RI permitted
Assess mothers individually for possibility of other infections. Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 2 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Adenovirus
Respiratory Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Mother ill: - Droplet and contact
precautions for mother - Routine practices for infant Healthy term infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted - Mother to wear mask
when within 2 metres of infant
Infant in NICU: - Mother should be
encouraged not to visit until symptom free*
- BF permitted as expressed milk
Infant ill: - Droplet and contact
precautions for infant - Routine practices for
mother - MI contact and BF
permitted
Strict attention to hand hygiene. *If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
o Mother to wear mask for duration of visit in NICU
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 3 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Adenovirus (cont)
Diarrhea Contact* Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient for 48 hours Consult IPACS if immune compromised
Mother ill: - Contact precautions for
mother - Routine practices for infant Healthy Term Infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted. Infant in NICU: - Mother should be
encouraged not to visit until stool is formed or back to baseline for the mother for 48 hours*
Infant ill: - Contact precautions for
infant** - Routine practices for
Mother - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted
o Strict attention to hand hygiene
*Prolonged fecal shedding may occur in immunocompromised patients after recovery. Contact precautions for duration of hospitalization may be justified. If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
**Ensure immediate disposal of diapers into leak proof bag.
Conjunctivitis Contact
Until symptom free Mother ill: - Contact precautions for
mother - Routine practices for infant Healthy Term infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted
No sharing of towels, linens, etc. Strict attention to hand hygiene.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 4 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Adenovirus (cont)
Baby in NICU: - Mother should be
encouraged not to visit until symptom free*
- BF permitted as expressed breast milk
Infant ill: - Contact precautions for
infant - Routine precautions for
Mother
*If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
Aeromonas Diarrhea, dysentery Contact Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient
Strict attention to hand hygiene. Reportable disease
Amoebiasis (Dysentery) (Entamoeba histolytica)
Asymptomatic, to severe diarrhea to grossly bloody dysentery
Contact Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient
Strict attention to hand hygiene. Reportable disease
Anthrax Skin lesions, pneumonia
Routine Contact precautions for patients with draining wounds
Duration of drainage
Notify IPACS immediately. Notify Public Health immediately. Notify Microbiology laboratory before sending specimens. Does not spread from
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 5 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
person to person. Acquired from infected animals or animal products. Reportable disease
Antibiotic Resistant Organisms (ARO) E.g. MRSA, VRE, CPO, ESBL*
Infection or colonization of any body site
Contact
For duration of hospital stay
Mother has ARO: - Contact precautions for
mother - Contact precautions for all
newborns of positive mothers.
Healthy Term Infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted - Mother uses routine
practices for infant (Mother may choose to use contact precautions)
Baby in NICU: - Baby to be placed in
single room - MI contact and BF
permitted - Mother uses routine
practices for infant (Mother may choose to use contact precautions)
- Mother to limit visits to her child only and go directly in and out of NICU.
Refer to Section 6 for specific information on ARO’s. *For other resistant organisms, consult IPACS as required. Strict attention to hand hygiene
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 6 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Antibiotic Resistant Organisms (ARO) (cont)
Infant has ARO: - Contact precautions for
infant - Routine practices for
Mother - MI Contact, BR and RI
permitted Arthropod-Borne Viral Infections (Arboviruses) (West Nile virus, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, Zika virus etc.) *Several hundred different viruses, most limited to geographic areas.
Encephalitis, fever, rash Most infections are subclinical (asymptomatic)
Routine No person-to-person spread except by transfusion, organ transplantation, intrauterine transmission and possibly human milk. Reportable disease
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides, (roundworm)
Usually asymptomatic
Routine No person-to-person spread.
Aspergillosis Aspergillus species
Skin, lung, wound or central nervous system infection
Routine
Atypical Mycobacteria (Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis “MOTT”) e.g. Mycobacterium
Lymphadenitis; pneumonia; disseminated disease in immune compromised host.
Routine
No person-to-person transmission, except for Mycobacterium abscessus in CF patients. Please refer to CF standard in section 6.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 7 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
avium complex “MAC”
Mycobacterium abscessus in CF patients
Contact For duration of hospital stay
Acquired from soil, water, animal, reservoirs.
Babesiosis Often asymptomatic Routine Tick-borne. No person-to-person spread except by transfusion, and congenital/perinatal route
Bedbugs blood-sucking ectoparasites (external parasites)
Mild to severe allergic reaction to the bites
Routine Practices Consider wearing a gown to protect clothing when providing direct bedside care to a heavily infested patient.
Contact Housekeeping Services who will arrange for Pest Control Services as required. For more information see BC Health File # 95 at http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthtopics/content.asp?hwid=za1160
Blastomycosis Blastomyces dermatitdis
Asymptomatic, pulmonary, cutaneous or disseminated
Routine No person-to-person spread. Notify Microbiology laboratory before sending specimens
BK Virus (BKV) Polyomavirus
Asymptomatic or cystitis in healthy people Causes lower and upper renal tract
Routine * Disease can include hemorrhagic cystitis, interstitial nephritis, renal allograph loss, nephropathy
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 8 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
disease in immunocompromised patients*-painful hematuria most common symptom
Bocavirus See “Respiratory Viral Infections”
Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Bornholms Disease Pleurodynia See Enteroviral infection
Contact NICU: Droplet and Contact
Until symptom free Until discontinued by IPACS
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
Descending flaccid Paralysis, cranial nerve palsies
Routine No person-to-person spread Reportable disease
Bronchiolitis See “ Respiratory Viral Infections”
Droplet and Contact
Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Brucellosis (Undulant fever)
Manifestations are non-specific & include: fever, night sweats, weakness, malaise, and arthralgia
Routine Contact precautions for patients with draining wounds
Duration of drainage
Person-to-person spread is rare. Congenital brucellosis has been reported. Infected mothers can transmit brucella species to their infants through breast feeding.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 9 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Brucellosis (cont)
Notify Microbiology laboratory before sending specimens Reportable disease
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Associated with severe pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and Chronic Granulomatous Diseases (CGD)
Routine For CF patients Contact*
*Refer to section 6 for specific information on Cystic Fibrosis
Campylobacter See “Diarrhea”
Diarrhea Contact Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Reportable disease
Candida auris
Blood stream infections, wound infections, otitis Can be multi-drug resistant
Contact Plus For duration of hospital stay
Mother ill: - Contact plus precautions
for mother - Contact plus precautions
for all newborns of positive mothers.
Healthy Term Infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted - Mother uses routine
practices for infant (Mother may choose to use contact plus precautions)
Strict attention to hand hygiene
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 10 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Candida auris (cont)
Baby in NICU: - Baby to be placed in
single room - MI contact and BF
permitted - Mother uses routine
practices for infant (Mother may choose to use contact plus precautions)
- Mother to limit visits to her child only and go directly in and out of NICU.
Infant ill: - Contact plus precautions
for infant - Routine practices for
Mother - MI Contact, BR and RI
permitted Candidiasis (Moniliasis)
Mucocutaneous infection in oropharynx (thrush) or vaginal candidiasis. Can be disseminated or invasive
Routine MI contact, BF, and RI permitted
Cat Scratch Fever Bartonella henselae
Lymphadenopathy (regional)
Routine No person-to-person spread
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 11 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Cellulitis, with drainage See “Abscess”
Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing)
Routine Contact*
Duration of drainage
*Implement Droplet precautions if H. influenzae type b is suspected in non-immune children < 5years old.
Cervical lymphadenitis
No drainage, intact skin For draining, see abscess or specific organism
Routine
Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi
Genital Ulcers Routine Sexually transmitted. Reportable disease
Chickenpox Varicella
Vesicular rash, mild fever and systemic symptoms.
Airborne and Contact
For a minimum of 5 days after onset of rash and until all lesions are crusted which can be a week or longer in immuno-compromised patients. Susceptible contacts of patients with chickenpox should be placed on airborne and
Mother with active lesions -Mother-airborne and contact precautions -Infant-needs to be assessed for VZIG and treated as a susceptible contact. Healthy term infant: -Once infant has received VZIG, RI, BF and MI contact is allowed. -Will require isolation from day 8-21 (28 if VZIG given)
Notify IPCAS of all cases of suspected or confirmed chickenpox. Patients with active chickenpox should be placed in an airborne isolation room away from severely immuno-compromised patients (e.g., they should not be cared for on the oncology ward). HCW should have their immune status validated
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 12 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Chickenpox (cont) Varicella
contact isolation on day 8 from the first known contact and up to and including day 21 if they have not received VZIG, 28 days if they have received VZIG
Infant in NICU: -Mother may not go to NICU for a minimum of 5 days or until all lesions have crusted over. -MI contact not permitted -BF by expressed breast milk only Infant has chickenpox: -Airborne and contact precautions -Only immune visitors/siblings may visit* -MI contact permitted if mother is immune -BF permitted Infant is Chickenpox contact: Assess need for VZIG Will require isolation from day 8-21 (28 if VZIG given)
with PHSA Workplace Health Non-immune HCW should not care for patients with active chickenpox * *Immunity is defined as any of the following: Documentation of age
appropriate varicella vaccine.
Laboratory evidence of immunity or laboratory confirmation of disease.
Varicella diagnosed or a verification of history from family members by the physician or delegate.
History of herpes zoster diagnosed by physician or delegate
Visitors who have active chickenpox or shingles must not visit. HCW with suspected chickenpox should not be at work and must report to PHSA Workplace Health.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 13 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) Chlamydophila pneumoniae(CPn) Chlamydophila psittaci(CPs)
Neonatal conjunctivitis Pneumonia Trachoma Genital tract infection and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), Respiratory tract infection Pneumonia
Routine
MI contact, BF, and RI permitted
Chlamydia disease including Psittacosis is reportable. Reportable disease
Cholera Vibrio cholera
Voluminous watery diarrhea, dehydration and other serious complications
Contact Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Consult IPACS Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Clostridium botulinum See “Botulism”
Routine Reportable disease
Clostridium difficile
Diarrhea Pseudo membranous colitis
Contact Plus Until diarrhea has subsided for 72 hours and stools are formed or back to baseline for the patient. Contact IPACS prior to discontinuation of precautions.
Mother ill and Healthy Term Infant: -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted -Mother: Contact precautions -Infant: Routine practices
Strict attention to hand hygiene Bacterial spores may persist in the environment; therefore, special attention must be paid to cleaning of the environment.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 14 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Clostridium difficile (cont)
Mother ill and Baby in NICU: -Baby to be placed in single room -Mother to limit visits and go directly in and out of NICU -MI contact and BF permitted; mother uses routine practices for infant
Note: Asymptomatic colonization is common in newborns and infants.
Clostridium perfringens
Gas Gangrene Routine No person-to-person spread
Coccidioido-mycosis (Valley Fever)
Pneumonia, cutaneous or soft tissue infection,
Routine No person-to-person spread Notify Microbiology laboratory before sending specimens
Cold, common See “Respiratory Viral Infections” Cold, common (cont)
Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Congenital Rubella See “Rubella”
Droplet and Contact for congenital rubella
Continue precautions for at least 1 year, unless 2 urine and nasopharyngeal culture results after 3 months of age are negative
Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 15 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Conjunctivitis
Eye discharge Contact Until viral etiology ruled out or for duration of symptoms*.
Mother ill: -Contact precautions for mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy Term infant: MI contact, RI, and BF permitted Baby in NICU: -Mother should be encouraged not to visit until symptom free** -BF permitted as expressed breast milk. Infant ill: -Contact precautions for infant -Routine practices for mother
Strict attention to hand hygiene *If viral etiology established, see specific organism. **If Mother must visit Baby in NICU: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
Coronavirus 229E/OC43/NL63/HKU1 See “Respiratory Viral infections”
Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Coxsackievirus See “ Enterovirus infections”
Contact NICU: Droplet and Contact
Until symptom free for 48 hours Until discontinued by IPACS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 16 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
Encephalopathy Routine* Notify IPACS immediately if CJD is suspected. Tissues associated with high levels of infectivity include brain, eyes, spinal cord *Please follow Public Health Agency of Canada guidelines for CJD Reportable disease
Croup See “Respiratory Viral Infections”
Droplet and Contact
Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gatti
Pneumonia, dissemination, meningitis.
Routine No person-to-person spread Reportable disease
Cryptosporidiosis
Diarrhea Contact Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Reportable disease
Cysticercosis Cysts in various organs including brain (neurocysticercosis)
Routine
No person-to-person spread
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 17 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Usually asymptomatic; Infectious Mononucleosis, Congenital infection, Retinitis, colitis, disseminated infection in immunocompromised host
Routine Congenital CMV disease is reportable
Decubitus Ulcer
Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing)
Routine Contact
Duration of drainage
MI contact, RI permitted if drainage adequately controlled
Dengue Fever See “Arthopod-borne viral infections”
Routine
Dermatitis Many causes (bacteria, virus, fungus).
Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing)
Routine Contact
If compatible with scabies, see scabies.
Dermatophyte infection See “Tinea” Ringworm
Routine
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 18 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Diarrhea Several bacteria, viruses, parasites which may include: norovirus, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Yersinia See specific organism for more details
Acute diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, abdominal cramps
Contact Add Droplet if vomiting
Until infectious cause ruled out or until specific etiology established and then refer to specific organism for appropriate precautions. If no organism identified, continue precautions until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Mother ill: -Contact precautions for Mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy Term Infant: -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted Infant in NICU: -Mother should be encouraged not to visit until stool is formed or back to baseline for the mother * Infant ill: -Contact precautions for infant** -Routine practices for Mother -MI contact, RI and breastfeeding permitted
Emphasize hand hygiene with mother as shedding may be prolonged. *If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
o Strict attention to hand hygiene
**Ensure immediate disposal of diapers into leak proof bag Reinforce hand hygiene Consult IPACS if you suspect an outbreak. Reportable disease-depending on etiology
Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheria
Cutaneous (characteristic ulcerative lesion)
Contact Until 2 cultures of skin lesions taken 24 hours apart and 24 hours after completing antimicrobial treatment are negative for C. diphtheriae
Contact IPACS Close contacts should be given antibiotic prophylaxis: -carriers -cases Reportable disease
Pharyngeal Droplet Until 2 cultures
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 19 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Diphtheria (cont) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(adherent grayish membrane)
from both the nose and throat taken 24 hours apart and 24 hours after completing antimicrobial treatment are negative for C. diphtheria
Ebola virus See “Hemorrhagic fevers”
Airborne + goggles and Contact
Until hemorrhagic fever virus ruled out or until discontinued by IPACS
Notify IPACS immediately. Notify Public Health immediately.
Echinococcosis “Hydatid Disease” Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis
Cysts in various organs, including liver
Routine No person to person spread
Echovirus Disease See Enterovirus infection
Contact NICU: Droplet and Contact
Until symptom free Until discontinued by IPACS
Empyema (draining)
Common organisms include Staph aureus (including MRSA), GAS
Contact Duration of Drainage.
Consult IPACS as needed
Encephalitis or encephalomyelitis
Adult: Routine
Until specific etiology established
May be associated with HSV, Enterovirus,
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 20 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Pediatric: Contact NICU: Droplet and Contact
and then refer to specific diseases for appropriate precautions
arbovirus. measles, mumps, varicella, Mycoplasma pneumonie, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Reportable Disease
Endometritis Routine MI contact, RI and BF permitted.
If infection is due to Group A Streptococcus, see “Streptococcal Disease– Group A”.
Enterobiasis See “Pinworms”
Routine
Enterovirus Enterovirus (nonpolio): Coxsackieviruses - Echoviruses - Enteroviruses
Acute febrile respiratory illness, e.g., cough, fever Acute febrile illness, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, pharyngitis, herpangina, rash, pleurodynia, hand foot and mouth disease Gastroenteritis may
Droplet and Contact Contact
Until symptom free Until symptom free
Mother ill: -Additional precautions as indicated for mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy term infant: - MI contact, RI and BF permitted Infant in NICU: -MI contact NOT permitted in the NICU until mother asymptomatic* -BF as expressed milk Infant ill: -Additional precautions as indicated for infant. -Routine practices for mother
Strict attention to hand hygiene Shedding of Enterovirus can occur in stool. *If Mother must visit infant in NICU, consult IPACS.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 21 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Enterovirus (cont)
occur but is not common.
NICU: Droplet and Contact
Until discontinued by IPACS
-MI contact, RI and BF permitted Infant ill and in NICU: -Droplet and contact precautions for infant. -Mother uses routine practices for infant (Mother may choose to use droplet and contact precautions) -Mother to limit visits to her child only and go directly in and out of NICU.
Epiglottitis Haemophilus influenzae type b; Streptococcus group A, Staphylococcus aureus
Adult: Routine Pediatric: Droplet until H. influenzae is ruled out
If H. influenzae: Until 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy received
Epstein-Barr virus Epstein-Barr virus (cont)
Infectious Mononucleosis, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Routine Spread via intimate contact with oral secretions or from articles contaminated with oral secretions.
Erysipelas See “Streptococcus group A”
Acute, cutaneous inflammatory disease
Droplet and Contact
Until 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy received
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 22 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Erythema Infectiosum Fifth Disease Parvovirus B19”
Rash, anemia, aplastic crisis. In pregnancy: hydrops foetalis
Routine Droplet for the following patients: -Aplastic crisis -Immuno-compromised -Papulopurpuric gloves-socks (PGS) syndrome Transient aplastic or erthyrocyte crisis
For duration of hospitalization (aplastic crisis, immuno-compromised, PGS) For 7 days for patients with transient aplastic crisis (TAC)
Escherichia coli (E coli O157 and other shiga-toxin producing strains) See “Diarrhea” and “HUS”
Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Contact
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient and the results of two stool cultures are negative for E. coli 0157
Reportable disease
Fifth Disease See “Erythema Infectiosum”
Routine Droplet for the following patients: -Aplastic crisis -Immuno-compromised -Papulopurpuric gloves-socks (PGS) syndrome
For duration of hospitalization (aplastic crisis, immunocompromised, PGS)
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 23 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Transient aplastic or erthyrocyte crisis
For 7 days for patients with transient aplastic crisis (TAC)
Food Poisoning/Food-Borne Illness E.g. Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli 0157 and others See specific organism for more details
Diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramps
Contact Add Droplet if vomiting
Until specific etiology established and then refer to specific organism for appropriate precautions. If no organism identified, continue precautions until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Mother ill: -Contact precautions for mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy Term Infant: -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted Infant in NICU: -Mother should be encouraged not to visit until stool is formed or back to baseline for the mother * Infant ill: -Contact precautions for infant** -Routine practices for mother -MI contact, RI and BF permitted
Emphasize hand hygiene with mother as shedding may be prolonged. *If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
o Strict attention to hand hygiene
**Ensure immediate disposal of diapers into leak proof bag Reinforce hand hygiene Consult IPACS if you suspect an outbreak. Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 24 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Furunculosis Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA See “Abscess”
Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing)
Routine Contact
Duration of drainage
Gastroenteritis Several bacteria, viruses, parasites which may include: norovirus, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Yersinia See specific organism for more details
Acute diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
Contact Add Droplet if vomiting
Until infectious cause ruled out or until specific etiology established and then refer to specific organism for appropriate precautions. If no organism identified, continue precautions until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Mother ill: -Contact precautions for mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy Term Infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted Infant in NICU: -Mother should be encouraged not to visit until stool is formed or back to baseline for the mother * Infant ill: -Contact precautions for infant** -Routine practices for mother -MI contact, RI and breastfeeding permitted
Emphasize hand hygiene with mother as shedding may be prolonged. *If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
o Strict attention to hand hygiene
**Ensure immediate disposal of diapers into leak proof bag Reinforce hand hygiene Consult IPACS if you suspect an outbreak. Reportable disease-depending on etiology
German Measles See “Rubella”
Droplet
Until 7 days after onset of rash
Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 25 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Droplet and Contact for congenital rubella
Continue precautions for at least 1 year, unless 2 urine and nasopharyngeal culture results after 3 months of age are negative
Giardiasis Giardia lamblia
Diarrhea Contact
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Reportable disease
Gonococcal Infections Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ophthalmia neonatorum, gonorrhea, arthritis, pelvic inflammatory disease
Routine
Mother ill: -routine practices for Mother and infant -MI contact, BF and RI permitted. Infant ill (conjunctivitis, scalp abscess, sepsis): -MI contact, BF and RI permitted.
Reportable disease
Granuloma inguinale/ Donovanosis Klebsiella granulomatis
Painless genital ulcers, inguinal ulcers, nodules
Routine
Sexual transmission
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Invasive disease: Pneumonia, meningitis, epiglottis, septic arthritis, cellulitis, otitis media,
Adult: Droplet Pediatric: Droplet
Until 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b is a reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 26 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
endocarditis, periorbital cellulitis in non-immune child < 5 years old, etc.
Haemophilus influenzae non b
Routine All invasive Haemophilus influenza are a reportable disease by type
Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease See “Enterovirus infection”
Contact NICU: Droplet and Contact
Until symptom free Until discontinued by IPACS
Hansen’s Disease See “Leprosy”
Routine Reportable disease
Hantavirus Hemorrhagic fever, pulmonary syndrome, renal syndrome
Routine Infection acquired from rodents. Reportable disease
Helicobacter pylori
Gastritis, ulcer Routine
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Shiga toxin-producing Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) or
A prodromal illness with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea that immediately precedes the development of
Contact Add Droplet if vomiting
Until E.coli 0157 or other infectious cause ruled out and then refer to specific organism for appropriate precautions.
Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 27 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Shigella
HUS: (Hemolytic anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Acute renal injury)
Hemorrhagic Fevers Lassa, Ebola, Marburg, and others
Severe Febrile diseases with bleeding, shock and multisystem involvement
Airborne + goggles and Contact
Until hemorrhagic fever virus ruled out or until discontinued by IPACS
Notify IPACS immediately. Notify Public Health immediately.
Hepatitis of unknown etiology
Hepatitis, jaundice Contact For 7 days after onset of jaundice or until hepatitis A and E ruled out
Hepatitis A and E
Hepatitis, jaundice, acute febrile illness.
Contact
Duration of symptoms or at least one week from onset of symptoms, whichever is longer
MI contact, BF and RI are permitted
If mother has Hepatitis A or E infection, notify the infant’s physician. Asymptomatic HAV infection in infants can occur: Excretion of virus in stool can be prolonged. Reportable disease
Hepatitis B Hepatitis, jaundice, acute and chronic often asymptomatic
Routine -MI contact and RI permitted-BF permitted if infant of an HBsAg positive Mother has received HBIG and Hepatitis B vaccine-consult physician
Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 28 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Herpangina See “Enterovirus”
Contact NICU: Droplet and Contact
Until symptom free Until discontinued by IPACS
Herpes Simplex
Genital, Mucocutaneous, oral, Herpetic Whitlow, Eczema Herpeticum, encephalitis and meningitis Neonatal HSV infections can be severe, can involve multiple organs. Children, Adolescents and Adults are often asymptomatic. Symptoms may include: gingivostomatitis,vesicular lesions, genital herpes, conjunctivitis, keratitis,encephalitis. After primary
Routine practices for: o Patients with
localized recurrent lesions
o Patients with CNS infection
Mother has lesions: -MI contact permitted* -Total rooming in preferred -Observe strict hand hygiene -Mother may choose to wear a gown when caring for infant -Mothers with herpes labialis should wear a disposable surgical mask when touching infant until lesions are crusted over and dried. -BF permitted if no herpetic lesions on the breast -For mothers with herpetic whitlow-gloves should be worn
* For mothers with mucotaneous HSV lesions: instruct the Mother on hand hygiene, to wear a mask or cover lesion when around her infant, not kiss the infant while lesion is present and to avoid touching affected areas. HCW with active herpes lesions (cold sores, herpetic whitlow) should consult PHSA Workplace Health for direction. Herpes genitalis and congenital Herpes Simplex infection are reportable diseases
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 29 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Herpes Simplex (cont)
infection HSV persists for life. Contact
precautions for: Neonates with mucacutaneous lesions Neonates exposed to active HSV lesions during birth Women in labor and postpartum women with active HSV lesions Patients with severe mucocutaneous disease
Until lesions are crusted over and dried Birth to 6 weeks of age or until neonatal HSV infection has been ruled out. Until lesions are crusted over and dried Until lesions are crusted over and dried
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 30 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Herpes zoster (Shingles, Zoster, Varicella Zoster) See “Shingles”
Immunocompetent patient: - Localized and
can be covered o Extensive or
localized that cannot be covered
Immunocompromised host or disseminated disease
Contact Airborne and Contact Airborne and Contact
Until lesions have crusted over and dried.
Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis (cont)
Asymptomatic, pulmonary or disseminated
Routine No person-to-person spread. Notify Microbiology laboratory before sending specimens
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
A wide range of clinical manifestations
Routine - MI contact and RI permitted
Assess mothers individually for possibility of other infections. Reportable disease
Human Herpesvirus 6 See “Roseola
Fever followed by rash
Routine
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 31 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Human Metapneumovirus See “Respiratory Viral Infections”
Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Human Papillomaviruses
Skin warts, anogenital warts (condylomata acuminate)
Routine
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus I/II (HTLV I/II)
Asymptomatic Routine -MI contact and RI permitted
Impetigo e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, and Group A Streptococcus Variants of impetigo include: bullous, non-bullous or ecthyma
Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing)
Routine Contact
Duration of drainage or can be contained by a dressing
MI contact, RI permitted if drainage adequately controlled. Mother: If impetigo on breast-consult physician prior to breast feeding.
Instruct the Mother on hand hygiene, to cover lesion when around her infant, not kiss the infant while peri-oral lesion is present and to avoid touching affected areas.
Influenza
Acute febrile respiratory illness, e.g., cough, fever, muscle and joint pain, headache, etc
Droplet and Contact
Continue precautions for 5 days after onset of illness or until symptoms resolve, whichever is longer.
Mother ill: -Contact and droplet precautions for mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy term infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted -Mother to wear mask when within 2 metres of infant.
Family members and visitors with an acute respiratory infection should not visit or enter the hospital. Pregnant women and infants are at high risk of complications of influenza. Women who are or will be
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 32 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Influenza (cont)
Infant in NICU: -Mother should be encouraged not to visit until symptom free.* -BF permitted as expressed milk. -Consult IPACS as required Infant ill: -Droplet and contact precautions for infant -Routine practices for mother - MI contact, BF and RI permitted
pregnant or who will deliver during influenza season are a high priority group for receiving influenza vaccine. Strict attention to hand hygiene *If ill Mother must visit infant in NICU: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU.
o Mother to wear mask for duration of visit in NICU
All HCW should receive annual influenza vaccine. Consult IPACS if you suspect an outbreak. Refer to Section 6 for specific information on Influenza Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 33 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Influenza Vaccine (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine – LAIV) intranasal spray e.g FluMist®
Patients, staff and visitors who have received LAIV
Routine (see comments)
Patients, staff, visitors and family members who have received LAIV should not have direct contact with severely immunocompromised patients for 14 days post immunization. Severely immunocompromised patients include those in the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit and other patients on Protective Isolation. NICU: Children visiting, who have received FluMist, must wear a mask before entering NICU for 7 days following the vaccine. Consult IPACS as needed
Kawasaki
Acute febrile, self-limited, systemic vasculitis of early childhood
Routine
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 34 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Lassa Fever See “Hemorrhagic Fevers”
Airborne + goggles and Contact
Until hemorrhagic fever virus ruled out or until discontinued by IPACS
Legionella pneumophila Infections
Legionnaires disease: Varies in severity from mild to severe pneumonia, fever, cough and progressive respiratory distress Pontiac Fever: Mild febrile illness without pneumonia
Routine
No person-to-person spread Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) Mycobacterium leprae
Infection involving skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and testes
Routine Transmission between persons only with very prolonged extensive close personal contact. Household contacts should be given prophylaxis Reportable disease
Leptospirosis Leptospira species
Acute febrile disease with varied manifestations characterized by vasculitis
Routine Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 35 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Lice (Pediculosis) Pediculus capitis: Head lice-lice and eggs in hair, behind ears and nape of neck Pediculus corporis: Body lice Pthirius pubis: Pubic lice/Crab Lice
Itching Some children with head lice may be asymptomatic Secondary bacterial infection
Contact Until 24 hours after treatment is complete
Mother symptomatic Contact for mother Healthy term Infant: -MI contact, RI, BF permitted Infant in NICU: -MI contact and BF permitted once mother has been treated
Treatment should be applied as soon as possible. Repeat the treatment in 7-10 days to ensure that head lice which hatch after the first treatment will be killed. No approved pediculicide is completely ovicidal. After each treatment, checking the hair and combing with a nit comb to remove nits and lice every 2-3 days may decrease the chance of self-re-infestation. Continue to check for 2-3 weeks to be sure all lice and nits are gone. Refer to Section 6 for more specific information on lice.
Listeriosis Listeria monocytogenes
Primarily food borne Influenza like illness, malaise, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms. More severe in neonates (early and late onset disease). Central nervous system infections.
Routine - MI contact , RI and BF permitted
Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 36 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi
3 stages: Early localized, early disseminated, and late disease.
Routine Reportable disease
Lymphadenitis
No drainage, intact skin For draining, see abscess or specific organism
Routine
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) See “Chlamydia trachomatis”
Routine
Malaria Plasmodium species
Febrile illness with a history of travel
Routine Malaria in pregnancy carries significant risks of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and fetus Reportable disease
Mastitis See “Staphylococcus aureus”
Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing
Routine Contact
Duration of drainage
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 37 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Measles “Red Measles” (Rubeola) Measles “Red Measles” (Rubeola) (cont)
Fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, an erythematous maculopapular rash, and a pathognomonic enanthema (Koplik’s spots)
Airborne
Until 4 days after start of rash. For duration of illness if illness in immune compromised patients. Susceptible contacts of known measles cases should be placed on airborne precautions from 5 days after their first exposure to 21 days after their last exposure, or 28 days if they have received Immune Globulin.
Mother has measles: -Mother: airborne -Infant: should receive Immune Globulin (IG) and remain on airborne precautions until 28 days from last exposure Healthy term infant: -MI contact, RI permitted -BF permitted if RI Infant in NICU: -Mother not permitted in NICU until 4 days after appearance of the rash, or if immune compromised for duration of illness -BF permitted as expressed breast milk Infant has measles -Mother immune – permitted to see infant and BF permitted -Mother susceptible – consult IPACS -Infant on Airborne Precautions until 4 days after start of rash Infant is measles contact: Airborne precautions 5 days after first exposure to 21 days after last exposure, or 28 days if they have received IG.
Refer to Section 6 for specific information on measles Notify IPACS as soon as you suspect measles HCW: - HCW should have their immune status validated with PHSA Workplace Health - - Non-immune HCW should not care for patients with measles. - HCW with suspected measles should not be at work and report to PHSA Workplace Health Only immune family and visitors to visit Immunity is defined as a previous history of measles or having received 2 doses of measles vaccine or born before 1957 Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 38 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Meningitis Meningitis (cont)
Symptoms include headache, neck stiffness, fever, petechiae, etc. Severity of symptoms depends on causative organism.
Etiology unknown:Droplet and contact
Until etiology determined or infectious cause ruled out.
Notify IPACS of all cases of meningitis Meningitis is a reportable disease – all causes.
Fungal Menigitis Routine
Haemophilius influenzae type b Droplet
Until 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Lysteria monocytogenes Routine
Meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) Droplet
Until 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Streptococcus pneumoniae Routine
Other bacterial: Routine Practices
Tuberculosis: Airborne
If TB is causative organism the patient should be placed on airborne precautions until pulmonary TB is ruled out in patient and family
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 39 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
members. If TB confirmed: See “Tuberculosis”
Viral: Adult - Routine Pediatric - Contact NICU – Droplet and Contact See specific organism for more details
Continue for 7 days after onset of illness unless a non-enteroviral diagnosis is established
Meningococcal Disease (Neisseria meningitidis)
Meningococcemia meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
Droplet Until 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Close contacts may require chemoprophylaxis. Reportable disease
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) See “ARO”
Contact
For duration of hospital stay
Refer to Section 6 for specific information on MRSA (ARO)
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 40 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Severe acute respiratory illness and fever
Airborne, Droplet and Contact
Until MERS-CoV is ruled out or until discontinued by IPACS
Notify IPACS immediately. Notify Public Health immediately.
Molluscum Contagiosum
Infection of the skin with no systemic manifestations; characterized by umbilicated papules
Routine Requires intimate direct personal contact for transmission.
Mononucleosis, See “Epstein-barr virus” and “Cytomegalovirus”
Routine
Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis- Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Absidia species) Fungal Disease
Rhinocerebral, pulmonary, skin, or disseminated. Disease in Immunosuppression (e.g. malignancy, Diabetes, Renal Failure)
Routine
Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) See “ARO”
Contact
For duration of hospital stay
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 41 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Mumps Parotitis Mumps (cont) Parotitis
Swelling of one or more of the salivary glands (usually the parotid glands), orchitis, meningitis
Droplet
Continue precautions for 5 days after onset of parotid swelling. Susceptible contacts of known mumps cases should be placed on droplet precautions from 10 days after their first exposure to 26 days after their last exposure.
Mother has mumps: Mother – Droplet precautions Term Infant: -MI contact, BF, and RI permitted Infant in NICU: -Mother not to go to NICU until 5 days after the onset of the parotid swelling -BF as expressed milk until 5 days after onset of parotid swelling Infant has mumps Mother immune: permitted to see infant Mother susceptible: Consult IPACS. BF as expressed breast milk Infant is mumps contact Droplet precautions from 10 days to 26 days from last exposure
Notify IPACS as soon as you suspect mumps. HCW: - HCW should have their immune status validated with PHSA Workplace Health - Non-immune HCW should not care for patients with mumps. - HCW with suspected mumps should not be at work and report to PHSA Workplace Health. Only immune family and visitors to visit Immunity is defined as a previous history of mumps or having received mumps vaccine or born before 1957 - One dose is recommended for individuals born between 1957 and 1969. - Two doses are recommended for all individuals born on or after 1970 Reference: BCCDC Immunization manual. Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 42 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Mycobacteria, other than tuberculosis See “Atypical mycobacteria”
Mycobacterium abscessus in CF patients
Routine Contact
For duration of hospital stay
No person-to-person transmission, except for Mycobacterium abscessus in CF patients. Please refer to CF standard in section 6.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, See “Tuberculosis”
Airborne
Reportable disease
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Upper respiratory tract infections, acute bronchitis, pneumonia Unusual manifestations: CNS disease, myocarditis, hemolytic anemia.
Droplet Until symptom free
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
Routine Contact Precautions may be indicated for clusters/outbreaks-Consult IPACS Unknown if transmissible.
Neisseria Meningitidis See “Meningococcal Disease”
Droplet Until 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 43 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Nipah virus Encephalitis Droplet and Contact
Until symptoms resolve
Reportable disease
Nocardiosis Nocardia species
Fever, pulmonary or CNS infection
Routine No person-to-person transmission.
Norovirus
Droplet and Contact*
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient for 48 hours If ongoing GI symptoms (e.g. immunocompromised, chronic GI disease): - Continue contact precautions until 2 PCR negative results are obtained or until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient for 48 hours.
- Test stool every 2 weeks if results continue to be positive
- If previous result was negative, repeat stool test in 1 week. Discontinue precautions if a second negative result is obtained
Mother ill: - Contact precautions for
mother - Routine practices for infant Healthy Term Infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted. Infant in NICU: - Mother should be
encouraged not to visit until stool is formed or back to baseline for the mother for 48 hours*
Infant ill: - Contact precautions for
infant** - Routine practices for
Mother - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted
o Strict attention to hand hygiene
*Prolonged fecal shedding may occur in immunocompromised patients after recovery. Contact precautions for duration of hospitalization may be justified. If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits and
go directly in and out of NICU
**Ensure immediate disposal of diapers into leak proof bag. Reportable Disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 44 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Ophthalmia Neonatorum See “Conjunctivitis”
Contact Until symptom free
Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis (cont)
May result from contiguous spread from adjacent soft tissues and joints, hematogenous seeding, or direct inoculation into the bone as a result of trauma or surgery
Routine
Parainfluenza Virus See “Respiratory Viral infections”
Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Paratyphoid Fever Salmonella paratyphi See “Salmonellosis”
Contact Adults: Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient. Pediatrics: Continue precautions until culture results for 3 consecutive stool
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 45 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
specimens obtained at least 48 hours after cessation of antimicrobial therapy are negative
Reportable disease
Parechovirus Acute febrile respiratory illness, e.g., cough, fever Acute febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis Gastroenteritis may occur but is not common.
Droplet and Contact Contact
Until symptom free Until symptom free
Mother ill: -Additional precautions as indicated for mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy term infant: - MI contact, RI and BF permitted Infant in NICU: -MI contact NOT permitted in the NICU until mother asymptomatic* -BF as expressed milk Infant ill: -Additional precautions as indicated for infant. -Routine practices for mother -MI contact, RI and BF permitted Infant ill and in NICU: -Droplet and contact precautions for infant. -Mother uses routine
Strict attention to hand hygiene Shedding of Parechovirus can occur in stool. *If Mother must visit infant in NICU, consult IPACS.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 46 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
NICU: Droplet and Contact
Until discontinued by IPACS
practices for infant (Mother may choose to use droplet and contact precautions) -Mother to limit visits to her child only and go directly in and out of NICU.
Parvovirus B19 Fifth Disease, See “Erythema Infectiosum”
Routine Droplet for the following patients: -Aplastic crisis -Immuno-compromised -Papulopurpuric gloves-socks (PGS) syndrome Transient aplastic or erthyrocyte crisis
For duration of hospitalization (aplastic crisis, immuno-compromised, PGS) For 7 days for patients with transient aplastic crisis (TAC)
Pediculosis See “Lice”
Contact Until 24 hours after treatment is complete
Refer to Section 6 for specific information on Lice.
Pertussis (Whooping cough) Bordetella pertussis
Whooping cough, non specific respiratory tract infection
Droplet
Until 5 days of appropriate antimicrobial treatment has been completed.
Mother ill: Mother - droplet Healthy Term Infant: -MI contact not permitted until 5 days of effective
Notify IPACS of all confirmed or suspected cases of Pertussis. Reportable disease as prompt use of
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 47 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Pertussis (cont) (Whooping cough) Bordetella pertussis
If appropriate antimicrobial therapy is not given, until 3 weeks after the onset of cough
therapy or infant is on chemoprophylaxis -BF permitted if infant on chemoprophylaxis or as expressed breast milk if not on prophylaxis Infant in NICU: -MI contact not permitted in NICU until 5 days of appropriate antimicrobial treatment has been completed -BF permitted as expressed breast milk Infant ill: -MI contact permitted -BF permitted
chemoprophylaxis in household contacts is effective in limiting secondary transmission. No HCW, family members or visitors are to enter hospital with an acute respiratory infection. HCW should have their immune status validated with PHSA Workplace Health Reportable disease
Pinworms Enterobius vermicularis
Perianal itching Routine Close household contacts may need treatment.
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Bubonic Fever, chills, headache, lymphadenitis,
Routine Notify IPACS immediately. Notify Public Health immediately. Notify Microbiology laboratory before sending specimens If left untreated, plague
Pneumonic -cough, fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis
Droplet Until 48 hours after appropriate antimicrobial treatment
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 48 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Plague (cont)
often will progress to sepsis with renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Reportable disease
Plesiomonas Secretory or dysenteric diarrhea, vomiting
Contact Add Droplet if vomiting
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient
Strict attention to hand hygiene. Reportable disease
Pneumococcal Disease See “Streptococcal Disease”
Droplet Until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Reportable disease if invasive.
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
Pneumonia in immunocompromised host
Routine Ensure room mates not immunocompromised.
Pneumonia Etiology unknown See “Respiratory Viral Infections”“ or specific organism
Fever, cough Droplet and contact
Continue precautions until etiology established or infectious cause ruled out
May be reportable depending on the organism.
Poliomyelitis
Asymmetric acute flaccid paralysis
Contact For duration of hospitalization or in consultation with IPACS
Reportable disease
Pseudo-membranous Colitis See “Clostridium difficile”
Contact Plus Until diarrhea has subsided for 72 hours and stools are formed or back to baseline for
Mother ill and Healthy Term Infant: -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted -Mother: Contact
Strict attention to hand hygiene Bacterial spores may persist in the environment;
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 49 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Pseudo-membranous Colitis (cont)
patient. Contact IPACS prior to discontinuation of precautions.
precautions -Infant: Routine practices Mother ill and Baby in NICU: -Baby to be placed in single room -Mother to limit visits and go directly in and out of NICU -MI contact and BF permitted; mother uses routine practices for infant
therefore, special attention must be paid to cleaning of the environment. Note: Asymptomatic colonization is common in newborns and infants.
Psittacosis See “Chlamydia”
Routine
Q fever Coxiella burnetii
Acute: fever, pneumonia, hepatitis Chronic: endocarditis
Routine No person to person transmission. Reportable disease
Rabies
Acute illness with rapidly progressive central nervous system manifestations
Routine Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Rat-bite fever Streptobacillus moniliformis disease, Spirillum minus disease
Fever, rash, arthralgia
Routine No person to person spread
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 50 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Resistant organism See “ARO”
Contact
For duration of hospital stay
Respiratory Viral Infections, Parainfluenza, RSV, Human Metapneumovirus, Rhinovirus, Coronavirus 229E/OC43/NL63/HKU1 See influenza and adenovirus for specific information
Acute cough, fever, pneumonia. Symptoms may vary in infants and small children, e.g., lethargy, change in respirations, etc.
Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Mother ill: -Droplet and contact precautions for mother -Routine practices for infant Healthy term infant: -MI contact, BF and RI permitted -Mother to wear mask when within 2 metres of infant Infant in NICU: -Mother should be encouraged not to visit until symptom free.* BF permitted as expressed breast milk. Consult IPACS as required Infant ill: -Infant - droplet and contact -Routine practices for mother -MI contact, RI and BF permitted
Family members and visitors with an acute respiratory infection should not visit or enter the hospital. Strict attention to hand hygiene *If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU.
o Mother to wear mask for duration of visit in NICU
During outbreak situations, additional precautions may be required. Consult IPACS if you suspect an outbreak.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 51 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Reye’s Syndrome
Not an infectious condition
Routine
May be associated with viral infection, (influenza, varicella) and aspirin. Reportable disease
Rheumatic Fever May include arthritis, carditis, chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules.
Routine
Rhinovirus See Respiratory Viral Infections
Droplet and Contact
Adult: Until symptom free Pediatric: Minimum of eleven days from onset and child is symptom free
Ringworm See tinea
Routine Rarely, have outbreaks occurred in healthcare settings. Use Contact Precautions for outbreak.
Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum, Sixth disease, HHV-6)
Fever followed by rash
Routine
Rotavirus See “Diarrhea”
Acute diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, abdominal cramps
Contact* Add Droplet if vomiting
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient for 48 hours Consult IPACS if immune
Mother ill: - Contact precautions for
mother - Routine practices for infant Healthy Term Infant: - MI contact, BF and RI
o Strict attention to hand hygiene
*Prolonged fecal shedding may occur in immunocompromised patients after recovery.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 52 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Rotavirus (cont)
compromised
permitted. Infant in NICU: - Mother should be
encouraged not to visit until stool is formed or back to baseline for the mother for 48 hours*
Infant ill: - Contact precautions for
infant** - Routine practices for
Mother - MI contact, BF and RI
permitted
Contact precautions for duration of hospitalization may be justified. If Mother must visit: o Place infant in private
room o Mother to limit visits
and go directly in and out of NICU
**Ensure immediate disposal of diapers into leak proof bag. Reportable Disease
Rotavirus Vaccine e.g. RotaTeq® Rotarix™
Infants who receive rotavirus vaccine while in hospital.
Contact Until 14 days from date of immunization.
Mother infant contact, breast feeding and rooming in is permitted.
Parents are not required to use contact precautions but must be instructed on the need for strict hand hygiene and the proper disposal of diapers. They should go directly in and out of NICU/PICU and visit their infant only. Siblings who have received Rotavirus vaccine must wait 2 weeks post vaccine to visit. Visitation may be reviewed with IPACS on a case-by-case basis
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 53 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Rubella (German Measles) Rubella (cont)
Most cases are subclinical Clinical disease is usually mild, characterized by fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and polyarthralgia Congenital (baby born with rubella)**
Droplet Droplet and Contact for congenital rubella
Until 7 days after onset of rash Congenital - continue precautions for at least 1 year, unless 2 urine and nasopharyngeal culture results after 3 months of age are negative Susceptible contacts of known rubella cases should be placed on droplet precautions from 7 days after their first exposure to 21 days after their last exposure.
Mother has rubella: -Droplet precautions for mother. -Routine practices for infant Healthy term infant:
-MI contact, RI and BF permitted
Infant in NICU: -Mother cannot go to NICU until 7 days after onset of rash -Expressed breast milk allowed
Infant has congenital rubella: -MI contact, BF permitted -Total rooming in preferred
HCW: - HCW should have their immune status validated with PHSA Workplace Health - Only immune HCW can care for patients with rubella. Only immune family and visitors to visit Immunity is defined as:
- Being born before 1957
- Having received 1 dose of rubella vaccine if born on or after Jan 1, 1957
- Laboratory evidence of disease. (BCCDC Immunization manual)
**Congenitally infected infants may shed virus for up to 3 years. Reportable disease
Rubeola See “Measles”
Airborne Until 4 days after start of rash. For duration of illness in immune
Reportable disease
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 54 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
compromised patients
Salmonellosis (Salmonella species)
Diarrhea, enteric fever, typhoid fever
Contact Non-typhoid: Contact precautions until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient. Typhoid: Contact precautions should be continued until culture results for 3 consecutive stool specimens obtained at least 48 hours after cessation of antimicrobial therapy are negative
Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei
Limited or typical -papular rash, intense itching, Crusted (Norwegian) or Atypical -severe and highly infectious
Contact
Until 24 hours after the treatment is complete For crusted or atypical, please consult IPACS before
Mother symptomatic: -Contact precautions -Routine Practices for infant Healthy Term Infant: -MI contact permitted 24 hours after treatment is complete
*For optimum control, all contacts suspected of having substantial contact with a symptomatic patient should be treated at the same time. Eg: household contacts, playmates.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 55 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
due to large number of mites
discontinuing precautions
-If MI contact necessary before treatment mother should use contact precautions when holding baby -BF permitted once mother has been appropriately treated or may be provided as expressed breast milk Infant in NICU: -MI contact permitted 24 hours after treatment is complete -BF permitted once Mother treatment complete or may be provided as expressed breast milk
See Section 6 for further details on Scabies.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Fever, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome
Airborne and Contact + goggles
Until discontinued by IPACS
Notify Public Health immediately Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Scalded Skin Syndrome See “Abscess major” if drainage not contained by dressing
Contact Duration of drainage
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 56 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Scarlet Fever See Streptococcal Disease, Group A Streptococcus
Occurs in association with pharyngitis Characteristic confluent erythematous sandpaper like rash
Droplet Until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Shigellosis Shigella species See “Diarrhea”
Contact
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Reportable disease
Shingles Herpes zoster, Zoster, Varicella Zoster
Vesicular skin lesions in dermatomal distribution Immunocompetent patient: - Localized and
can be covered - Extensive or
localized that cannot be covered
Contact Airborne and Contact
Until lesions have crusted over and dried.
Mother with localized shingles -MI contact and RI permitted-Total rooming in preferred -Mother may not go to nursery/NICU until lesions are crusted -BF allowed if lesions not on breast Mother has extensive or localized lesions that cannot be covered -Mother on airborne and
Notify IPCAS of all cases of suspected or confirmed shingles. Visitors who have active chickenpox or shingles must not visit. Note: Non-immune individuals who are a shingles contact may develop chickenpox. Only chickenpox immune
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 57 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Shingles (cont) Herpes zoster, Zoster, Varicella Zoster
contact -Infant-rooming in on routine precautions -Total rooming in preferred -Mother may not go to nursery until lesions are crusted -BF permitted if lesions not on breast
visitors/siblings to visit. HCW should have their immune status validated with PHSA Workplace Health*. Non-immune HCW should not care for patients with active chickenpox or shingles. *Immunity is defined as any of the following: Documentation of age
appropriate varicella vaccine.
Laboratory evidence of immunity or laboratory confirmation of disease.
Varicella diagnosed or a verification of history from family members by the physician or delegate.
History of herpes zoster diagnosed by physician or delegate
HCW with suspected shingles should report to PHSA Workplace Health
Immunocompromised host or disseminated disease
Airborne and Contact
Continue until all lesions have crusted over Chickenpox susceptible contacts of patients with shingles should be placed on airborne (and contact precautions if lesions develop) from day 8 from the first known contact and up to and including day 21 if they have not received VZIG, 28 days if they have received VZIG
Mother is immunocompromised: -Mother on airborne and contact -Infant-rooming in -on routine precautions and contact precautions if lesions develop -Total rooming in preferred -Mother may not go to nursery until lesions are crusted -BF permitted if lesions not on breast Infant in NICU: -Mother may not visit NICU until lesions are crusted Infant who is a contact in NICU: -Airborne precautions from day 8 from first exposure up
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 58 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
to and including day 21 of last exposure (if infant has been given VZIG up to day 28) -BF by expressed breast milk until lesions are crusted over
before commencing work.
Smallpox “Variola” Declared eradicated world-wide by WHO in 1979
Severe prodromal illness (high fever, malaise, severe headache), mucous lesions of the moth or pharynx, rash
Airborne and Contact
Until discontinued by IPACS
Notify Public Health immediately Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Staphylococcal Disease Staphylococcus aureus See ARO for more information on MRSA
Food poisoning See “Food poisoning” Skin, wound or burn infection, impetigo See “Abscess” or “Impetigo”
Contact Minor-routine Major: contact -drainage not contained by dressing
Until symptom free for 48 hours Duration of drainage
-MI contact, RI and BF allowed Mother has draining wound: -Mother-contact precautions -Infant-routine practices Healthy Term Infant: -MI contact, RI allowed. -BF allowed if lesion not on breast* -Mother –change dressing, and gown and have mother perform hand hygiene prior to contact with infant
Infant in NICU: -MI contact permitted as long as drainage is
*It may be advisable to withhold milk from breast with mastitis until 24 hours of effective treatment. During outbreak situations, additional precautions and cohorting of infants may be required.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 59 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Staphylococcal Disease (cont) Staphylococcus aureus See ARO for more information on MRSA
contained -BF allowed or by expressed milk -mother-change dressing and gown, and have mother perform hand hygiene prior to leaving unit and prior to contact with infant. Infant has draining wound: Infant-contact precautions Mother- routine -MI contact, RI, and BF preferred Infant in NICU: - private room if drainage not contained
Pneumonia Droplet Until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
-MI contact, RI and BF allowed Infant in NICU has pneumonia: -Droplet precautions and private room -MI contact, BF permitted
Tracheitis with a tracheostomy tube in place
Droplet For the duration of illness
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Routine -MI contact, RI and BF allowed as tolerated by Mother
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 60 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase negative staphylococcal infections
Health-care associated infections (related to catheters, shunts, grafts, prosthesis, etc.) Late-onset bacteremia among preterm infants
Routine -MI contact, RI and BF permitted
Streptococcal Disease Group A Streptococcus
Necrotizing fasciitis Droplet and Contact
Until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Mother ill: -Mother contact and droplet until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy -Infant -routine practices -MI contact, RI and BF permitted*
*It may be advisable to withhold milk from breast with mastitis until 24 hours of effective treatment. If mother has invasive GAS, notify infants’ physician. Notify IPACS Reportable disease if invasive
Skin, wound or burn infection
Contact
Toxic shock like syndrome (TSLS)
Droplet and Contact
Mother ill: -Mother- contact and droplet until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy -Infant-routine practices -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Pneumonia Droplet Mother ill: -Mother contact and droplet,
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 61 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Streptococcal Disease (cont) Group A Streptococcus
until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy -Infant-routine practices -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Pharyngitis/scarlet fever
Droplet Mother ill: -Mother contact and droplet until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy -Infant-routine practices -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Endometritis (Puerperal Sepsis)
Routine Mother ill: -Mother -contact until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy -Infant-routine practices -MI contact, RI, and BF permitted 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Streptococcal disease Group B Streptococcus
Colonization in Mother or infection in Mother and/or infant
Routine -MI contact, RI and BF permitted
If mother has invasive disease, notify the infant’s physician. Notify IPACS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 62 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Neonatal invasive GBS disease is reportable
Streptococcus pneumoniae See “Meningitis”
Routine Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is reportable.
Strongyloidiases Strongyloides stercoralis
Asymptomatic Eosinophilia Several manifestations due to larvae migration Dissemination (hyper infection) in immunocompromised patients
Routine Infective larvae in soil
Syphilis Treponema pallidum
Acquired : Genital, skin or mucous lesions, systemic symptoms, gummatous changes of the skin, bone, or viscera, CVS or CNS involvement
Mucocutaneous lesions: Contact
Until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Mother has lesions: -Mother contact -Infant routine precautions -MI contact, RI and BF permitted after 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial treatment
As moist open lesions, secretions and possibly blood are contagious in all patients with syphilis, contact precautions should be used when caring for patients with congenital, primary and secondary syphilis with skin and mucous membrane lesions until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy *If mother has syphilis,
Congenital : Range from stillbirth to being symptom free at birth.
Contact*
Until 24 hours after appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Infant has congenital: Mother: routine Infant :contact until 24 hours after appropriate
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 63 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
antimicrobial therapy -MI contact, RI and BF permitted
notify the infant’s physician. Reportable disease
Tapeworm Disease Diphyllobothrium latum (fish) Hymenolepis nana, Taenia saginata (beef) Taenia solium (pork) See ”Echinococcosis”
Usually asymptomatic or mild GI symptoms CNS involvement in Taenia solium “neurocysticercosis”
Routine
Tetanus Clostridium tetani
Trismus and severe muscular spasms
Routine No person-to-person spread Reportable disease
Thrush See “Candidiasis”
Routine
Tinea “Ringworm” Dermatophytes: -Epidermophyton, -Trichophyton, and -Microsporum) or Malassezia furfur
Fungal infection of the skin or nails e.g. tinea capitis, athlete’s foot, pityriasis versicolor
Routine
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii
Asymptomatic or fever, lymphadenopathy,
Routine Mother and/or Infant ill: -MI contact, BF and RI permitted
No person-to-person spread
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 64 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
retinitis, encephalitis in immune compromised host. Congenital infection
Congenital toxoplasmosis is reportable
Trench mouth See ‘Vincent’s angina”
Routine
Trichinellosis Trichinella spiralis
Asymptomatic, GI upset, periorbital edema, rash, muscle calcification, myocarditis, neurologic involvement and pneumonitis
Routine No person-to-person spread
Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis
Asymptomatic, vaginal discharge, vulvovaginal pruritis and irritation Males: Urithritis, but most are asymptomatic
Routine Sexual transmission.
Trichuriasis “Whipworm” Trichuris trichiura
Asymptomatic, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal prolapse
Routine
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 65 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Tuberculosis “TB” Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis (cont) “TB” Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary, no draining lesions*
Routine MI contact, RI, and BF permitted
*Assess for concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. Notify IPACS of all suspected or confirmed TB patients Tuberculosis in young children is rarely infectious; assess visiting family members for cough. **Usually considered no longer infectious after 2 weeks of effective therapy, is improving and has three consecutive sputum smears negative for AFB, collected 24 hours apart If multidrug-resistant TB, until culture negative Refer to Section 6 for specific information on Tuberculosis Reportable disease
Extrapulmonary, draining lesions*
Airborne Continue precautions until drainage ceased or three consecutive negative AFB smears.
Consult IPACS
Pulmonary-confirmed or suspected or laryngeal disease
Airborne Continue precautions until TB ruled out. If confirmed, until no longer considered infectious by IPACS **
Mother has TB -MI contact is not permitted until mother is no longer infectious** -Mother may provide expressed breast milk Infant has TB (mother source) -Infant on airborne precautions with mother -MI contact, RI and BF permitted
Skin test positive with no evidence of active disease
Routine MI contact, RI and BF permitted
Tularemia Francisella tularensis
Fever, ulcerative lesion, lymphadenopathy,
Routine No person to person spread
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 66 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
conjunctivitis, GI symptoms, pneumonia
Notify Microbiology laboratory before sending specimens Reportable disease
Typhoid Fever See “Salmonellosis” Typhoid Fever (cont)
Contact Adults: Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient. Pediatrics: Continue precautions until culture results for 3 consecutive stool specimens obtained at least 48 hours after cessation of antimicrobial therapy are negative
Reportable disease
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) See ARO
Contact
For duration of hospital stay
Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphlyococcus aureus (VISA) or Vancomycin-
Contact
For duration of hospital
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 67 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) See ARO Varicella (Chickenpox) See “Chickenpox”
Airborne and contact
For a minimum of 5 days after onset of rash and until all lesions are crusted which can be a week or longer in immunocompromised patient
Notify IPACS of all confirmed or suspected cases of chickenpox
Varicella Zoster (Shingles, Herpes Zoster, Zoster) See “Shingles”
Immunocompetent patient: - Localized and
can be covered - Extensive or
localized that can not be covered
- - Immunocomprom
ised host or disseminated disease
Contact Airborne and Contact Airborne and Contact
Until lesions have crusted over and dried.
Notify IPACS of all confirmed or suspected cases of Shingles and Herpes Zoster.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 68 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Variola See “Smallpox”
Airborne and Contact
Until discontinued by IPACS
Notify Public Health immediately Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Vibrio cholerae See “Cholera”
Contact Until discontinued by IPACS
Notify IPACS Reportable disease
Vibrio Non Cholera Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus
Gastroenteritis, wound infections and bacteriemia
Contact
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Vincent’s angina (Trench mouth or acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)
Acute onset of fetid breath, pain, blunting of the interdental papilla, and an ulcerative necrotic slough of the gingiva
Routine
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 69 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers See “Hemorrhagic Fevers” (Lassa, Ebola, Marburg, Crimean-Congo fever viruses)
Airborne + goggles and Contact
Until hemorrhagic fever virus ruled out or until discontinued by IPACS
Reportable disease
Viral warts See “Human papilloma virus”
Routine
Whooping Cough See “Pertussis” Whooping Cough (con’t)
Droplet and contact
Until 5 days of appropriate antimicrobial treatment has been completed. If appropriate antimicrobial therapy is not given, until 3 weeks after the onset of cough
Reportable disease
Wound infections See “Abscess”
Minor Major (drainage not contained by dressing)
Routine Contact
Duration of drainage
INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND/OR MICRO ORGANISMS
Consult Infection Prevention and Control Services (IPACS) where information on mother/infant considerations is absent and/or as required. IC.05.02 Infection Prevention & Control Manual Page 70 of 70 July 2018
Disease, Condition, Microorganism Presentation Type of Precautions Duration of
Precautions
Mother/Infant (MI) considerations
BF = breast feeding, RI = rooming-in
Comments
Reportable diseases reported by IPACS
Yellow fever See “Arthropod-borne viral fevers”
Routine Reportable disease
Yersinia enterocolitia See “Diarrhea”
Contact
Until stool is formed or back to baseline for the patient.
Reportable disease
Yersinia pestis See “Plague”
Bubonic Fever, chills, headache, lymphadenitis,
Routine Practices Reportable disease
Pneumonic -cough, fever, dyspneia, hemoptysis
Droplet Until 48 hours after appropriate antimicrobial treatment
Zoster See “Herpes Zoster”
Immunocompetent patient:
- Localized and can be covered
- Extensive or
localized that cannot be covered
Immunocompromised host or disseminated disease
Contact Airborne and Contact Airborne and Contact
Until lesions have crusted over and dried.
Refer to Section 6 for specific information on Shingles, Herpes Zoster.