inf.30 economic commission for europe · ing stable products such as koh. this action extinguishes...
TRANSCRIPT
INF.30
Economic Commission for Europe
Inland Transport Committee
Working Party on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
107th session 30 November 2019 Geneva, 11-15 November 2019 Item 8 of the provisional agenda Any other business
Firebox – Fire Prevention for damaged or defective Lithium Batteries in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)
Transmitted by the Government of Switzerland
Fire
box
–Fi
re P
reve
ntio
n fo
r dam
aged
or d
efec
tive
Lithi
um B
atte
ries
in B
atte
ry
Elec
tric
Vehi
cles
(BEV
)
And
reas
Kre
bs, C
EO, B
LUBO
X Tr
adin
g A
GW
P 15
Mee
ting,
Nov
embe
r 201
9
1
•D
amag
ed lit
hium
bat
terie
s may
cat
ch fi
re o
r sel
f-ign
ite.
•Th
ese
batte
ry fi
res a
re d
iffic
ult t
o ex
tingu
ish.
•Fi
refig
hter
s hav
e ha
d d
iffer
ent e
xper
ienc
es a
nd k
now
how
; im
porta
nt it
is to
reac
t qui
ckly
.
•A
fter e
xtin
guish
ing,
qua
rant
ine
and
mon
itorin
g is
nece
ssar
y d
ue to
re
-igni
tion.
•W
e sh
ould
be
prep
ared
for a
fire
with
a lit
hium
bat
tery
.
Intro
duct
ion
2
1.Fi
re R
epor
t of L
ithiu
m B
atte
ries
2.W
hat d
o w
e kn
ow a
bout
Lith
ium
Bat
terie
s and
Fire
s
3.C
ompa
rison
of p
orta
ble
Fire
Ext
ingu
isher
s
4.Th
e Fi
rebo
x. W
hat i
s it?
5.A
eros
ol E
xtin
guish
er. H
ow d
oes i
t wor
k?
6.Sa
les F
orec
ast o
f Veh
icle
s
7.C
oncl
usio
ns
Con
tent
3
Fire
of L
ithiu
m B
atte
ries
on a
Truc
k Se
mi-T
raile
r
4
•A
truc
k se
mi-t
raile
r with
20
tons
use
d L
ithiu
m
Batte
ries t
ook
fire.
•W
hen
the
first
em
erge
ncy
vehi
cles
arri
ved
sh
ortly
afte
r the
ala
rm w
as so
und
ed, t
he tr
aile
r w
as a
lread
y co
mpl
etel
y on
fire
. "Sm
alle
r and
la
rger
exp
losio
ns fo
rced
us t
o re
treat
aga
in a
nd
agai
n," s
aid
a sp
okes
man
for t
he H
ilden
fire
br
igad
e. F
our h
ours
afte
r the
out
brea
k, th
e fir
e w
as a
lmos
t und
er c
ontro
l. H
owev
er, t
he fi
re-
fight
ers h
ad to
coo
l and
ext
ingu
ish th
e ca
rgo
for 1
6 ho
urs u
nder
a fo
am c
arpe
t unt
il the
fire
w
as c
ompl
etel
y ex
tingu
ished
.
Inci
den
t Hild
en; N
RZ, N
eue
Ruhr
Zei
tung
Mar
ch 2
016
Fire
of a
n El
ectri
c C
ar
5
•Fr
om st
art t
o a
full f
ire in
min
utes
. •
10’0
00 lit
ers o
f wat
er h
ave
been
ne
cess
ary
to e
xtin
guish
the
fire.
•Ev
en a
fter e
xtin
guish
ing
the
fire
re-ig
nite
d
spon
tane
ously
.•
Afte
r tha
t, it’
s also
reco
mm
end
ed th
at th
e ca
r be
put i
n “q
uara
ntin
e” fo
r 48
hour
s, ju
st in
cas
e of
a n
ew fi
re.
•Tr
ansp
ort o
f the
car
to a
qua
rant
ine
site
is ne
cess
ary.
Inci
den
t Ken
t (W
A);
NBC
New
s Oct
ober
201
3
Con
stru
ctio
n of
Li-I
on B
atte
ries
Basic
ally
a lit
hium
ion
batte
ry is
mad
e of
an:
•an
ode
•ca
thod
e
•se
para
tor
•an
d e
lect
roly
te
•an
d a
BM
S
BMS
= ba
ttery
m
onito
ring
elec
troni
cs (c
ontro
l an
d m
anag
emen
t of
the
batte
ry)
6
Com
posit
ion
of L
i-Ion
Bat
terie
sLiC
oO2
LiCoN
iAlO
2LiF
ePO
4M
ass-
%
Elec
troly
teSa
ltLiF
P 6(L
ithiu
m h
exaf
luor
opho
spha
te)
0.1
–5
Solv
ent
Ethy
lene
Car
bona
te(C
3H4O
3)D
ieth
yl C
arbo
nate
(C5H
10O
3)Pr
opyl
ene
Car
bona
te(C
4H6O
3)
3 –
10
Sepa
rato
rPV
DF
(Pol
yvin
ylid
ene
fluor
ide)
1
Cat
hode
(+)
Alu
min
um2
–10
LiCoO
2LiC
oNiA
lO2
LiFeP
O4
20 –
50
Ano
de (-
)C
oppe
r3
–15
Gra
phite
10 –
30
Hous
ing
/ C
ase
Iron,
Nic
kel,
Alu
min
um, e
tc.
Bala
nce
7
Haza
rdou
s Su
bsta
nces
in L
i-Ion
Bat
terie
sLiC
oO2
LiCoN
iAlO
2LiF
ePO
4M
ass-
%
Elec
troly
teSa
ltLiF
P 6 (L
ithiu
m h
exaf
luor
opho
spha
te)
0.1
–5
Solv
ent
Ethy
lene
Car
bona
te(C
3H4O
3)D
ieth
yl C
arbo
nate
(C5H
10O
3)Pr
opyl
ene
Car
bona
te(C
4H6O
3)
3 –
10
Sepa
rato
rPV
DF
(Pol
yvin
ylid
ene
fluor
ide)
1
Cat
hode
(+)
Alu
min
um2
–10
LiCoO
2LiC
oNiA
lO2
LiFeP
O4
20 –
50
Ano
de (-
)C
oppe
r3
–15
Gra
phite
10 –
30
Hous
ing
/ C
ase
Iron,
Nic
kel,
Alu
min
um, e
tc.
Bala
nce
8
•Ra
pid
dev
elop
men
t fro
m fi
re
outb
reak
to fu
ll fire
.
•Re
leas
e of
haz
ard
ous
subs
tanc
es.
•D
iffic
ult t
o ex
tingu
ish.
•A
fter e
xtin
guish
ing
the
batte
ry
mus
t be
cool
ed d
own.
•Ba
tterie
s can
reig
nite
.
Wha
t do
we
know
abo
ut L
i-Ion
Bat
tery
Fire
s
9
Lithi
um B
atte
ry F
ire E
xtin
guish
ing
Test
•V
ideo
com
pare
s th
ree
extin
guish
ing
agen
ts:
–Fo
am–
Pow
der
–N
-EXT
•Te
st se
tup:
18
2 Li-
Ion
1865
0 ba
tterie
s
48V
olt,
37A
h, 1
.9kW
h
10
The
fire
tetra
hed
ron
expl
ains
the
four
ele
men
ts
requ
ired
to m
ake
a fir
e: h
eat,
oxyg
en, f
uel a
nd fr
ee
rad
ical
s. E
limin
atin
g an
y on
e of
thes
e el
emen
ts w
ill ex
tingu
ish a
fire
. F-
500
EA re
mov
es th
ree
elem
ents
.
N-E
XT /
F-5
00
11
Prop
ertie
s of
N-E
XT•
Red
uce
the
surfa
ce te
nsio
n of
the
wat
er
•Ra
pid
ly a
bsor
b th
e he
at
•En
caps
ulat
e th
e fu
el
•In
terru
pt th
e fre
e ra
dic
al c
hain
reac
tion
12
The
Fire
box
•It
is a
solu
tion
for t
he sa
fe st
orag
e an
d
trans
port
of lit
hium
bat
terie
s and
d
evic
es w
ith lit
hium
bat
terie
s.
•W
ith a
n in
tegr
ated
fire
ala
rm a
nd
Aer
osol
ext
ingu
ishin
g sy
stem
.
•Fo
r per
man
ent m
onito
ring
and
au
tom
atic
ext
ingu
ishin
g w
ithin
a fe
w
seco
nds a
fter t
he o
utbr
eak
of th
e fir
e.
13
The
Fire
box
Opt
ions
•20
or 4
0 fo
ot c
onta
iner
.•
LED
light
.•
Sprin
kler
syst
em w
ith S
torz
con
nect
ion
•C
olle
ctio
n tra
y fo
r liq
uid
s.•
Batte
ry p
ower
supp
ly.
•W
inch
.•
Slid
ing
plat
form
for t
he sa
lvag
e of
d
am
age
d E
V.
•Ho
ok sy
stem
for u
se a
s rol
l-off
cont
aine
r.•
Sid
e d
oors
.•
Fire
ext
ingu
isher
s.
14
The
Fire
box
Salv
age
Con
tain
er•
Mad
e fo
r the
salv
age
and
tran
spor
t of
dam
aged
ele
ctric
veh
icle
s.
•Th
e fir
e al
arm
and
ext
ingu
ishin
g sy
stem
pr
otec
ts y
ou d
urin
g tra
nspo
rt.
•In
the
even
t of i
gniti
on a
nd fi
re d
urin
g tra
nspo
rt, th
e sy
stem
soun
ds t
he a
larm
an
d e
xtin
guish
es th
e fir
e.
•Yo
u ca
n co
ntin
ue th
e tra
nspo
rt to
a
quar
antin
e st
atio
n an
d a
lert
the
fire
brig
ade.
15
Extin
guish
ing
of a
Bat
tery
Fire
in th
e Fi
rebo
x
•V
ideo
show
s a fi
re
of L
i Ion
bat
terie
s an
d h
ow it
is
extin
guish
ed in
the
Fire
box.
•Te
st se
tup:
18
2 Li-
Ion
1865
0 ba
tterie
s
48V
olt,
37A
h, 1
.9kW
h
16
Extin
guish
ing
of a
Bat
tery
Fire
in th
e Fi
rebo
x
•V
ideo
show
s a fi
re o
f Li I
on
batte
ries a
nd h
ow it
is
extin
guish
ed in
the
Fire
box.
•Te
st se
tup:
Li-
Ion
1865
0 ba
tterie
s
144x
36V
olt/
14.5
Ah,
75k
Wh
17
Fire
Pro
Aer
osol
Ext
ingu
ishin
g Te
chno
logy
18
1.A
fter a
ctiv
atio
n, th
e so
lid F
PC c
ompo
und
tran
sfor
ms i
nto
a ra
pid
ly sp
read
ing
cond
ense
d e
xtin
guish
ing
aero
sol,
cons
istin
g m
ainl
y of
pot
assiu
m sa
lt ba
sed
K2C
O3,
H2O
(s
team
), N
2 an
d C
O2.
2.W
hen
the
cond
ense
d a
eros
ol re
ache
s and
reac
ts w
ith th
e fla
me,
Pot
assiu
m ra
dic
als (
K*) a
re fo
rmed
mai
nly
from
the
disa
ssoc
iatio
n of
K2C
O3.
The
K*s
bin
d to
oth
er fl
ame
free
rad
ical
s (hy
dro
xyls
-OH-
) for
min
g st
able
pro
duc
ts su
ch a
s KO
H. T
his a
ctio
n ex
tingu
ishes
fire
with
out d
eple
ting
the
ambi
ent o
xyge
n co
nten
t. KO
H re
acts
furth
er in
the
pres
ence
of
CO
2 an
d fo
rms K
2CO
3.3.
The
solid
par
ticle
s of P
otas
sium
Car
bona
te (K
2CO
3) re
mai
n in
susp
ensio
n in
the
prot
ecte
d ro
om/e
nclo
sure
for a
t lea
st 3
0 m
inut
es, p
reve
ntin
g fu
rther
re-ig
nitio
n of
the
fire.
Fire
Pro
extin
guis
hes
fires
at
the
mol
ecul
ar
leve
l by
inhi
bitin
g ch
emic
al c
hain
re
actio
ns!
Sour
ce: F
irePr
o Sy
stem
s 201
9
Sale
s Fo
reca
st o
f Veh
icle
s
•W
e ar
e at
the
begi
nnin
g of
a
new
era
.
•D
iese
lgat
ean
d g
loba
l w
arm
ing
are
push
ing
carm
aker
s to
prod
uce
EV.
•Th
e cu
rrent
glo
bal E
V m
arke
t sh
are
in 2
018
is 6%
.
•It
will
incr
ease
to 8
% b
y 20
20,
to 2
4% b
y 20
25 a
nd to
48%
by
203
0.So
urce
: Bos
ton
Con
sulti
ng G
roup
, 201
8
19
Why
an
ADR
rest
rictio
n fo
r the
tran
spor
t of B
EV
with
dam
aged
or d
efec
tive
batte
ries?
1.Tr
ansp
ort o
f dam
aged
or d
efec
tive
batte
ries i
s res
trict
ed u
nder
AD
R.
2.Bu
t the
tran
spor
t of B
EV w
ith d
ama
ged
or d
efec
tive
batte
ries i
s not
rest
ricte
d u
nder
AD
R.
3.W
e al
l agr
ee th
at d
amag
ed o
r def
ectiv
e ba
tterie
s rep
rese
nt a
hig
h-ris
k po
tent
ial.
4.W
ithou
t res
trict
ion,
this
trans
port
of B
EV w
ith d
amag
ed o
r def
ectiv
e ba
tterie
s is c
arrie
d o
ut
by n
on-p
rofe
ssio
nals
with
out a
ny ri
sk p
reca
utio
ns.
5.Th
e re
stric
tion
shou
ld a
pply
to th
e tra
nspo
rt of
BEV
with
dam
aged
or d
efec
tive
batte
ries
from
the
road
side
assis
tanc
e ca
r par
k to
the
gara
ge o
r to
third
par
ties.
6.Ro
adsid
e as
sista
nce
and
resc
ue p
erso
nnel
are
resc
ue e
xper
ts a
nd e
xem
pt fr
om A
DR
regu
latio
ns.
7.Th
e tra
nspo
rt of
a B
EV, s
ecur
ed in
a c
onta
iner
with
an
auto
mat
ic fi
re e
xtin
guish
ing
syst
em,
crea
tes s
afet
y an
d p
reve
nts c
arel
ess t
rans
port.
20
Con
clus
ions
1.Th
ere
is no
safe
ty c
heck
for l
ithiu
m b
atte
ries t
hat g
uara
ntee
s you
th
at n
o in
cid
ent w
ill oc
cur.
2.Fi
res f
rom
lithi
um b
atte
ries a
re d
iffic
ult t
o ex
tingu
ish a
nd re
leas
e d
ange
rous
and
toxic
subs
tanc
es.
3.So
oner
we
star
t ext
ingu
ishin
g th
e fir
e, g
reat
er th
e ch
ance
s of
succ
ess.
4.Th
e ex
tingu
ishin
g ae
roso
l rea
ches
eve
ry so
urce
of f
ire.
5.Th
e Fi
rebo
x is
a sm
art s
olut
ion
for t
he sa
fe tr
ansp
ort o
f BEV
with
d
amag
ed o
f def
ectiv
e lit
hium
bat
terie
s.
21
Be p
repa
red!
And
reas
Kre
bs, B
LUBO
X Tr
adin
g A
Gw
ww
.blu
box.
ch /
and
reas
.kre
bs@
blub
ox.c
h
22