inequality class 1. administrative collect critiques return quizzes return critiques
TRANSCRIPT
Inequality
Class 1
Administrative
Collect critiques
Return quizzes
Return critiques
Review
Technology doesn’t have to mean “high tech” Technology key to understanding nature of
particular jobs Compared technologies of four different
industries
Today
I. Measurement of Inequality
II. Sources of Inequality
III. Why is Inequality a problem?
IV. Inequality at work and discrimination
V. Inequality Data
I. Measurement of Inequality
How do we measure the equality or inequality of any distribution?
Variance – Measure of dispersion of a distribution. Formula?
Dealing with income, percentage of income each 10% (or 20% etc.) of recipients receive
I. Measurement of Inequality
Lorenz Curve
Start with lowest income recipient up to highest on horizontal axis
Vertical axis is percentage of income received
I. Lorenz Curve
I. Gini Ratio
Gini Ratio G=A/(A+B) Gini Ratios of various
nations What is happening to
world income equality/inequality among nations?
II. Sources of Inequality
Different levels of natural ability Different levels of human capital, i.e. acquired
skills and abilities Monopoly power Discrimination
III. Why is Inequality a Problem? Do we want incomes to be perfectly equal?
Why or why not? What happens if incomes are too unequal? How do we define “too” unequal? What
standard do we use? What is the impact of equality on social
cohesion? Does this matter?
IV. Inequality at Work and Discrimination What are the sources of gender inequality of
pay at work? What does it mean if we say women earn
$.78 cents for every dollar a man earns, what could be the causes of that?
Can any of the causes be something other than discrimination?
What might be the non-discriminatory sources of inequality?
IV. Inequality at Work and Discrimination Why might women choose different jobs from
men? What occupations did women traditionally
enter and what were the characteristics of those occupations?
Are any of the non-discriminatory sources of the gender wage gap likely also to apply to the racial wage gap?
V. Inequality Data Comparing full-time, year-round workers
1939 women earned 58% of what men earned 1981 women earned 59% of what men earned 1993 women earned 72% of what men earned 2004 women earned 77% of what men earned 2010 women earned 77% of what men earned
Controlling for occupation, industry, education, etc. Racial differences Sexual orientation Poverty levels CEO Pay
Next time
We begin unit on race, age and gender at work