industry technology roadmaps: a focus on cement · industry technology roadmaps: a focus on cement...
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Industry Technology Roadmaps:
a focus on Cement Araceli Fernandez
COP 23, 12 November 2017
© IEA 2017
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Gt C
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2DS
“Getting to the top is optional. Getting down is mandatory.” Ed Viesturs
The global challenge: Climbing down the mountain
© IEA 2017
Remaining CO2 emissions from industry and transport in the 2DS by 2060 need to be compensated with
negative emissions to achieve net-zero energy sector by 2060 in the B2DS
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O2
Agriculture
Buildings
Industry
Transport
Power
Othertransformation
What’s the size of the climate challenge?
Global CO2 emissions - 2DS Global CO2 emissions - B2DS
© IEA 2017
How do we get there? – Technology Roadmaps
CONTEXT
• What is the status of the technology today?
• What alternative technology options there may be available in the long-run?
• What data are needed to establish baseline conditions?
DIAGNOSIS AND
MILESTONES
SETTING
• What analytic capabilities and tools are needed to evaluate technology
pathways?
• What technical expertise is needed to evaluate technology performance and
limitations?
PRIORITISING
ACTION
• Which regulators and policy leaders can provide insight on factors affecting
technology adoption?
• Which private entities will be key to technology success?
STAKEHOLDERS’
ENGAGEMENT
© IEA 2017
IEA Technology Roadmaps: a living library
2009 2011 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2017
Over 30 TRMs
developed
and 22
technologies
covered
© IEA 2017
The challenge of the sustainable transformation of industry
Significant transformations would be needed in all industrial sectors to achieve a 40% and 75%
reduction of direct CO2 emissions by 2060 compared to current levels
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GtC
O2
Other industries
Pulp and paper
Aluminium
Chemicals andpetrochemicalsCement
Iron and steel
RTS total
2DS total
B2DS total
Global direct industrial CO2 emissions
Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives, 2017
© IEA 2017
Industry-related IEA Technology Roadmaps
23%
28%
11%
3%
1% 4%
2% 5% 4%
1% 1% 2%
15% Iron & steelChemical & petrochemicalNon-metallic mineralsNon-ferrous metalsTransport equipmentMachineryMining & quarryingFood & tobaccoPaper, pulp & printWood & wood productsConstructionTextile & leatherNon-specified (industry)
GLOBAL IRON & STEEL
ROADMAP
GLOBAL CEMENT ROADMAP
UPDATE
2009 2013 2018
Final industrial energy use, 2014 (EJ)
GLOBAL CEMENT REGIONAL CEMENT
GLOBAL CHEMICALS
SOURCE: IEA Energy Balance. Note: Iron & Steel includes blast furnaces and coke ovens. Chemicals & Petrochemicals includes petrochemicals feedstocks.
2019
© IEA 2017
Cement sector opportunities and challenges
Coal Oil Natural gasBiomass Waste Electricity
Energy-related CO2 Process CO2
Global cement sector indicators, 2014
Final energy use
(3rd industrial energy user) (2nd industrial coal use)
Direct CO2 emissions
(2nd industrial CO2 emitter)
(1st industrial process CO2 emitter)
Clinker BF & Steel slagFly ash LimestoneNatural pozzolana GypsumCalcined clay
Estimated average cement
composition
(Reliance on industrial by-products)
© IEA 2017
Cement production by region
Strong growth in cement production growth in developing Asian countries compensates for the decline
in Chinese cement sector activity.
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cem
ent/
yrAfrica
Middle East
Eurasia
Europe
America
Other Asia Pacific
India
China
World high-variability case
World low-variability case
© IEA 2017
Strategies to reduce CO2 emissions from cement production
CARBON
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION
IN CEMENT
Energy
efficiency
Reducing
clinker-to-
cement ratio
Innovative
technologies
Switching to
alternative
fuels
• Carbon emissions reduction levers can influence the potential for emissions reductions of other options
• For instance,
• Alternative fuels use typically requires greater thermal energy compared to conventional fossil fuels due to lower calorific content and required kiln operating conditions.
• Carbon capture equipment requires additional energy to operate.
• Reducing the clinker-to-cement ratio may involve the use of cement constituents requiring energy in their preparation process (e.g. calcined clay).
© IEA 2017
Global final energy demand and direct CO2 intensity of cement – 2DS
A 32% reduction in the global direct CO2 intensity of cement by 2050 in the 2DS is supported by
• Energy efficiency levels reaching best performing levels
• A reduction of fossil fuels share in cement kilns of 26%
• Significant reductions of the clinker-to-cement ration across regions, reaching a global level of 0.6 by 2050
• Integrating carbon capture technologies in cement production with CO2 captured reaching around 30% of
the generated direct CO2 by 2050
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t dir
ect C
O2/
t cem
ent
PJElectricity
Waste
Biomass
Natural gas
Oil
Coal
Direct CO2 intensity - 2DS
Direct CO2 intensity - RTS
© IEA 2017
Process CO2 emissions intensity for selected binding materials
Alternative binding materials open possibilities for reductions of process CO2 emissions in cement
manufacturing but raw materials and operational costs, limited market applicability and standards, as
well as further R&D needs in some cases, limit further deployment.
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OPC clinker Belite clinker CSA clinker BCSA clinker CACS clinker MOMS clinker
kg p
roce
ss C
O2/
t b
ind
ing
mat
eria
l
Potentialcomparativeprocess CO2 savings
Process CO2intensity
Note: PC = Portland cement, CSA = calcium sulphoaluminate, BCSA = belite calcium sulphoaluminate, CACS = carbonation of calcium silicates, MOMS = magnesium oxide derived from
magnesium silicates. OPC clinker mainly contains 63% alite, 15% belite, 8% tricalcium aluminate and 9% tetracalcium alumino-ferrite. Belite clinker is considered to mainly contain 62% belite,
16% alite, 8% tricalcium aluminate and 9% tetracalcium alumino-ferrite. CSA clinker is considered to mainly contain 47.5% ye’elimite, 23.9% belite, 12.9% wollastonite and 8.6% tetracalcium
alumino-ferrite. BCSA clinker is considered to mainly contain 46% belite, 35% ye’elimite and 17% tetracalcium alumino-ferrite. Commercial compositions of CACS clinker are not currently
available. CACS clinker in this assessment is considered to primarily consist of wollastonite but commercial composition is likely to be different at some extent, and possibly higher in process
CO2 emissions. Process CO2 emissions generated in CACS clinker making are in principle re-absorbed during the curing process.
Source: Quillin, K., 2010, Scrivener, K. L. et al., 2016 and Sui, T. and Gartner, E., 2017.
© IEA 2017
Global Cement Technology Roadmap: a living process
Encompassing projects
- Technology papers development covering 52 technologies by European Cement Research
Academy in 2017.
https://www.wbcsdcement.org/pdf/technology/CSI_ECRA_Technology_Papers_2017.pdf
- IEA analytical support to
- Forthcoming Brazil Cement Technology Roadmap.
- Forthcoming report to track progress of the India Cement Industry since 2013 when the
national IEA/CSI cement roadmap was launched.
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY
ROADMAP
REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY
ROADMAP TRACKING PROGRESS
© IEA 2017
www.iea.org IEA
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