industry greenhouse gas and wage sustainability

INDUSTRY GREENHOUSE GAS AND WAGE SUSTAINABILITY

Baseline Analysis of Los Angeles County Industries

Prepared for: California Energy Commission

Prepared by: Economic Roundtable

Publ ic Interest Energy Research (P IER) Program

FINAL PROJECT REPORT

2015

CEC ‐500 ‐10 ‐033

Prepared by: Economic Roundtable Primary Author(s): Daniel Flaming Patrick Burns Stephanie Pincetl Ŧ Economic Roundtable 315 W. Ninth St., Suite 502 Los Angeles, CA 90015 Phone: 213-892-8104 | Fax: 213-291-9245 http://www.economicrt.org Contract Number: 500‐10‐033 Prepared for: California Energy Commission Edgar Ventura Contract Manager Aleecia Gutierrez Office Manager Energy Generation Research Office Laurie ten Hope Deputy Director ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION Robert P. Oglesby Executive Director

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report.

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express our gratitude to the multidisciplinary team that has collaborated in

formulating a methodology to develop energy baselines for California regions.

Stephanie Pincetl was the principal investigator who was awarded funding by the California

Energy Commission to assemble an expert team and synthesize findings from their work.

Zoe Elizabeth together with Kristen Holdsworth managed this project on behalf of the

California Center for Sustainable Communities Research at UCLA.

Mikhail Chester with the School of Sustainability at Arizona State University provided the

United States and California EIO‐LCA models and suggestions for using the models.

Mike McCoy, formerly Director of the Urban Land Use and Transportation Center of the

Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California, Davis and now Chair of

California’s Strategic Growth Council, provided expert advice about developing models of

urban systems.

Giovanni Circella, formerly with the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of

California, Davis and now with the Georgia Institute of Technology, shared data.

Andrea Gough, manager of the California Energy Commission’s Demand Analysis Office,

provided crucial data breaking out electricity consumption by each industry in Los Angeles

County over the past 22 years.

Keith O’Brien in the California Energy Commission’s Demand Analysis Office provided data on

natural gas consumption by each industry in Los Angeles County over the past five years.

Juan Matute with UCLA’s Lewis Center and the Institute of Transportation Studies provided

valuable suggestions about the geographic scale for aggregating data and use of the California

Emissions Estimator Model in calculating greenhouse gas emissions from customer trips.

Shungbin Cho from the Southern California Association of Governments provided trip

generation factors from the Institute of Transportation Engineers.

We are particularly grateful to Eric Masanet, Scott Matthews and Derrick Carlson, who

developed the California multi‐regional input‐output life‐cycle assessment model which was

crucial for estimating direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by industry.

We are similarly grateful for the path breaking work by the Green Design Institute at Carnegie

Mellon University in developing the U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment model,

which we used to estimate life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions factors.

Yvonne Yen Liu, our colleague at the Economic Roundtable, improved our work through her

careful review and insightful suggestions.

Finally, we would like to express our deep appreciation to the California Energy Commission

for recognizing the importance of this research and for underwriting our work.

ii

PREFACE

The California Energy Commission Energy Research and Development Division supports

public interest energy research and development that will help improve the quality of life in

California by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and

products to the marketplace.

The Energy Research and Development Division conducts public interest research,

development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects to benefit California.

The Energy Research and Development Division strives to conduct the most promising public

interest energy research by partnering with RD&D entities, including individuals, businesses,

utilities, and public or private research institutions.

Energy Research and Development Division funding efforts are focused on the following

RD&D program areas:

Buildings End‐Use Energy Efficiency

Energy Innovations Small Grants

Energy‐Related Environmental Research

Energy Systems Integration

Environmentally Preferred Advanced Generation

Industrial/Agricultural/Water End‐Use Energy Efficiency

Renewable Energy Technologies

Transportation

Industry Greenhouse Gas and Wage Sustainability is one of the final reports for the PIER Regional

Energy Baselines Methodolgies project (contract number 500‐10‐033,) conducted by the

Regents of the University of California, Los Angeles. The information from this project

contributes to Energy Research and Development Division’s Transportation Program.

For more information about the Energy Research and Development Division, please visit the

Energy Commission’s website at www.energy.ca.gov/research/ or contact the Energy

Commission at 916‐327‐1551.

iii

ABSTRACT

A baseline profile of Los Angeles County industries is developed using three dimensions of

sustainability: greenhouse gas emissions, social sustainability based on wages for workers, and

economic viability based on size and growth, with primary emphasis on the first two factors.

The metric for assessing greenhouse impacts in different industries and geographic areas is the

ratio of jobs to emissions indexed three ways: direct emission from establishment activities,

direct emissions from gasoline consumed by customers driving to establishments in private

light duty vehicles, and the full life cycle emissions from the supplier chain linked to each

establishment as well as from on‐site work at each establishment.

Direct establishment emissions are estimated using the California multi‐regional input‐output

(MRIO) life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model. Life cycle emissions are estimated using the U.S.

Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model. Correction factors for

calibrating the models to Los Angeles County are derived from county‐level California Energy

Commission data breaking out energy consumption by industry as well as from annual changes

in the ratio of industry energy consumption to the amount of value added by industries.

Overall consumption of electricity and natural gas by industries in the county has remained

roughly constant since 2008, with slight progress in increasing the amount of value added to the

economy per terajoule of energy consumed. The steep downward trajectory in energy

consumption required to meet state and national goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is

not yet evident.

Progress toward sustainability requires an industry trajectory that adds 1) higher levels of value

to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed, 2) cleaner sources of power that release less

greenhouse gas per terajoule consumed, and 3) higher wages so that all workers are paid

enough to support a minimum standard of living.

Keywords: California multi‐regional input‐output life‐cycle assessment (MRIO‐LCA) model,

U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model, electricity consumption

by industry, natural gas consumption by industry, direct greenhouse gas emissions, life cycle

greenhouse gas emissions, emissions per job, environmental sustainability, social sustainability,

social indicators, economic sustainability, sustainable wages, environmental and economic

sustainability trade‐offs, industry sustainability rankings, industry baseline profile, Los Angeles

County, Los Angeles City, Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions

Please use the following citation for this report:

Flaming, Daniel; Patrick Burns; Stephanie Pincetl. (Economic Roundtable). 2014. Industry

Greenhouse Gas and Wage Sustainability. California Energy Commission. Publication

number: CEC‐XXX‐2014‐XXX.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................... ii

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ viii

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... x

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Project Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 1

Project Results ..................................................................................................................................... 2

Project Benefits ................................................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 1: Sustainability Baseline for Wage and Greenhouse Gas Outcomes from Los

Angeles County Industries...................................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption ............................................................................. 6

1.1.1 Electricity Consumption by Industry Sector .................................................................. 7

1.1.2 Natural Gas Consumption by Industry Sector .............................................................. 9

1.1.3 Electricity and Natural Gas ............................................................................................. 10

1.2 Economic and Wage Sustainability of Los Angeles County Industries ........................... 16

1.2.1 Wage Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 17

1.2.2 Economic Sustainability .................................................................................................. 18

1.3 Summary of Baseline Conditions in Los Angeles County ................................................. 20

1.3.1 Index of Economic Performance .................................................................................... 20

1.3.2 Policy Implications ........................................................................................................... 21

CHAPTER 2: Greenhouse Gas and Economic Outcomes from Industries in Sub‐regions of

Los Angeles County ................................................................................................................................ 22

2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 23

2.2 Direct Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions per Job ................................................ 26

2.2.1 Energy Consumption ....................................................................................................... 26

2.2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................................................................. 27

v

2.3 Direct Emissions per Job from Gasoline Consumed for Customer Trips ........................ 27

2.4 Life Cycle Emissions per Job .................................................................................................. 30

2.4.1 Ratio of Life Cycle to Direct Emissions ......................................................................... 32

2.5 Average Direct Emissions per Job in Each Region .............................................................. 32

CHAPTER 3: Environmental and Economic Sustainability Trade‐offs ....................................... 34

3.2 Overall Geographic Ranking .................................................................................................. 35

3.2.1 Geographic Aggregation ................................................................................................. 35

3.2.2 Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas in Los Angeles County ................................. 36

3.2.3 County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings .................................................................. 37

3.2.4 City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings ........................................................................ 42

3.2.5 San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings ...................................................................... 44

3.2.6 North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings ........................................................... 46

3.2.7 Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings ......................................................................... 49

3.2.8 Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings ............................................................................. 51

3.2.9 San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings .......................................................................... 53

3.2.10 Westside Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 56

3.2.11 South Bay Cities Industry Rankings .............................................................................. 58

3.2.12 Gateway Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 60

3.2.13 Las Virgenes Industry Rankings .................................................................................... 63

3.3 Sustainability Summary for Los Angeles Industries ........................................................... 65

3.3.1 Policy Implications ........................................................................................................... 66

GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................................. 68

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 71

APPENDIX A: Methodology for Assessing Industry Sustainability based on both

Environmental and Economic Impacts ................................................................................................. 1

A.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1

A.2 Geographic Aggregation ........................................................................................................... 2

A.3 Direct Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial,

Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1) .............................................................. 2

vi

A.4 Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial,

Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1, 2, 3) ...................................................... 6

A.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Customer Trips to Commercial and Governmental

Establishments (Scope 1) ....................................................................................................................... 9

A.6 Discussion of MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA .............................................................................. 11

APPENDIX B: Spatial Co‐Occurrence of Indicators of Social Well Being and Commercial

Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..................................................................... 1

B.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1

B.2 Description of Social Indicator Data ........................................................................................ 1

B.2.1 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................ 2

B.3 Spatial Co‐Occurrence of Environmental Indicators and Social Indicators ...................... 7

B.3.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 7

B.3.2 Findings about Co‐Occurrence of Environmental and Social Indicators ................... 7

B.3.3 Implications of Not Finding Spatial Correlation in the Occurrence of

Environmental and Social Indicators ............................................................................................ 19

APPENDIX C: Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, by Geographic

Region ......................................................................................................................................................... 1

C.1 Direct Energy Consumption, GHG Emissions and Wages per Job .................................... 1

C.1.2 Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions ................................................................... 16

C.1.3 Average gallons of gasoline and metric tons of GHG per job for public trips, Los

Angeles County .................................................................................................................................... 20

C.1.4 Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons GHG per Job, LA County ................................ 25

C.2.1 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County ............................................. 36

C.2.2 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA .............................................. 48

C.2.3 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley ............................ 60

C.2.4 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County ............................... 65

C.2.5 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro ..................................... 70

C.2.6 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo ................................... 75

C.2.7 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG ...................... 80

C.2.8 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities ...................................... 85

vii

C.2.9 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG .......................... 90

C.2.10 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG ............................ 95

C.2.11 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG ................ 100

viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Distribution of Electricity Consumption among Los Angeles County Industries in

2012 ........................................................................................................................................................... 6

Figure 2: Annual Terajoules of Electricity Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County..... 7

Figure 3: Annual Terajoules of Natural Gas Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County . 8

Figure 4: Distribution of Natural Gas Consumption among Industries in 2012; Excluding

Electric Power Generation and Petroleum Extraction and Refining .............................................. 9

Figure 5: Annual Terajoules of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by Industries .............. 10

Figure 6: Value Created in All Industry Sectors per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas 11

Figure 7: Amount of Value Added per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by

Industry Sectors in 2011 ...................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 8: Tons of CO2e Emitted from Direct Industry Consumption of Electricity and Natural

Gas Consumed in 2012 ........................................................................................................................ 13

Figure 9: State and Federal Targets for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050 ............ 15

Figure 10: Annual Average Wages in in Los Angeles County Industries 2011 .......................... 16

Figure 11: Distribution of Los Angeles County Labor Force based on Hourly Wages .............. 17

Figure 12: Median Earned Income 1979 to 2011 .............................................................................. 18

Figure 13: Los Angeles County Industry Employment Size 2011 ................................................. 19

Figure 14: Change in Los Angeles County Industry Employment 1996 to 2011 ......................... 20

Figure 15: Los Angeles County Industries Ranked by Economic and Social Sustainability ..... 21

Figure 16: Direct Terajoules of Energy Consumed per Job, Los Angeles County 2011 ............. 25

Figure 17: Metric Tons of Greenhouse Gases Directly Emitted per Job, Los Angeles County

2011 ......................................................................................................................................................... 26

Figure 18: Percent of Direct GHG emissions from Customer Trips vs. Establishment Activities

in 2011 .................................................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 19: Life Cycle Metric Tons of GHG emissions per Job in Los Angeles County, 2011 .... 30

Figure 20: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed per Job in 2011 for Sub‐regions of Los

Angeles County .................................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 22: Nine SCAG Sub‐regions in Los Angeles County .......................................................... 35

Figure A.1: Estimating Direct Establishment Emissions .................................................................. 3

ix

Figure A.2: Estimating Life Cycle Establishment Emissions ........................................................... 6

Figure A.3: Estimating Emissions Generated by Customer Trips to Establishments ................ 10

Figure B.1: Census Tracts in Los Angeles County, 2010 ................................................................... 2

Figure B.3: Percent of Households that are Rent Burdened by Census Tract ‐ 2010 .................... 8

Figure B.2: Percent of Families in Poverty by Census Tract ‐ 2010 ................................................. 8

Figure B.4: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed by Establishments in Census Tract ......... 9

x

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: California Greenhouse Gas Emission Trajectory ........................................................... 15

Table 2.1: Metric Tons of Direct GHG per Job in 2011 from Establishment Activities and

Customer Gasoline ............................................................................................................................... 28

Table 3.2: Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas ............................................................................ 37

Table 3.3: County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings ..................................................................... 38

Table 3.4: City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings .......................................................................... 42

Table 3.5: San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings ........................................................................ 45

Table 3.6: North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings ............................................................. 47

Table 3.7: Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings ............................................................................ 50

Table 3.8: Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 52

Table 3.9: San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings ............................................................................ 54

Table 3.10: Westside Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 57

Table 3.11: South Bay Cities Industry Rankings .............................................................................. 59

Table 3.12: Gateway Cities Industry Rankings ................................................................................ 61

Table 3.13: Las Virgenes Industry Rankings .................................................................................... 64

Table 3.14: Summary of Los Angeles County Industry Rankings ................................................ 65

Table A.1: Computations for Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los

Angeles County and City ...................................................................................................................... 1

Table C.1.2: Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions ............................................................. 16

Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips .. 20

Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County ...... 25

Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County ........................................ 36

Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA ......................................... 48

Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley ....................... 60

Table C.2.4: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County .......................... 65

Table C.2.5: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro ................................ 70

xi

Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo .............................. 75

Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG ................. 80

Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities ................................ 85

Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG .................... 90

Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG .................... 95

Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG ......... 100

1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Los Angeles is a world metropolis situated in a fragile air shed that provides homes and jobs for

a transnational labor force. The region’s future will emerge out of an economy deeply

intertwined with both environmental and socio‐economic realities. Achieving sustainability

requires an industry structure that provides enough jobs for the labor force, pays sustaining

wages to workers, and sharply reduces the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to jobs.

This report provides an integrated framework for assessing both the environmental and social

sustainability of industries. Socio‐ecological interrelations are assessed based on greenhouse gas

emissions per job, socio‐economic interrelations are assessed based on wages per job and also the

economic robustness of industries. Scaling these effects to a single job provides a policy tool for

analyzing how each industry affects: 1) the environmental balance sheet for employing the

region’s labor force while remaining under the greenhouse gas emission ceilings set forth in

federal, state and local goals, 2) the social balance sheet for providing the region’s labor force

with wages that support a basic standard of living.

Energy enables workers to add value to the economy. Consumption of energy by industry and

concomitant greenhouse gas emissions are essential prerequisites for the jobs of most workers

in Los Angeles County’s labor force. This analysis documents the relationship between

environmental impacts and job opportunities in Los Angeles in the context of energy use,

greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and future urban sustainability.

Project Purpose

The purpose for this project is to identify industry development and job growth options that

will make the region more environmentally and socially sustainable. This baseline profile of Los

Angeles County industries uses three dimensions of sustainability: greenhouse gas emissions,

economic viability based on size and growth, and social sustainability based on wages for

workers. This inclusive framework for assessing sustainability draws on the concept of three

pillars of sustainable development that was put forward by the United Nations Brundtland

Commission in 1987.

Emission reduction targets for both the United States and California converge on reducing

greenhouse gas emissions by 83 percent in 2050. The baseline evidence presented in this report

indicates that the amount of energy consumed by Los Angeles’ industries has remained roughly

constant and has not yet shifted into the steep downward trajectory required to meet 2050 goals.

Local government can help achieve the goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by making

land use decisions and enacting development policies that encourage a regional industry

structure that adds growing value to the economy and employs growing numbers of workers

while decreasing amounts of greenhouse gases released. Information in this report can be used

in assessing trade‐offs for achieving both social and environmental sustainability.

2

Project Results

Outcomes from analyzing the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gas emissions

and social indicators led to using three industry‐specific factors in assessing trade‐offs for

achieving overall sustainability. The three factors are 1) energy consumption and greenhouse

gas emissions, 2) industry viability, and 3) wage levels, with greatest emphasis for the first and

third factors. These industry factors provide tools for addressing the three dimensions of

sustainability for the region’s industries ‐ environmental, social and economic viability.

This analysis of the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gases and wage

sustainability draws on multiple data sets to produce estimates of greenhouse gas and wage

outcomes for each type of industry in each sub‐region of the county. Data sources include:

Longitudinal establishment data for each employer in the county with addresses,

industry classifications, employment levels, and payroll amounts for each facility.

Annual data from the California Energy Commission identifying the amount of

electricity and natural gas consumed by each industry in Los Angeles County.

Direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission factors for each industry

provided by the California multi‐regional input‐output (MRIO) life‐cycle assessment

(LCA) model.

Life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission factors for each industry

provided by The U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model.

This combination of data sources means that industry employment and payroll data is accurate

and specific to each sub‐region, however greenhouse gas emission factors represent statewide

averages for each industry in the case of direct emission estimates using the MRIO‐LCA model,

and national averages for each industry in the case of life cycle estimates using the EIO‐LCA

model. An additional limitation is that both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are derived

from the Bureau of Economic Analysis’ 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables.

Correction factors for the time lag built into these models comes from annual energy

consumption data provided by the California Energy Commission, which are applied to direct

emission estimates produced using the California MRIO‐LCA model, and annual changes in the

amount of value added per worker in each industry in Los Angeles, which are incorporated into

both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models.

Three key strengths of MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are their comprehensiveness,

consistency, and use of very rich, complex and reliable data from the Bureau of Economic

Analysis. The 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables describe each industry

separately, covering the entire industry structure. A single framework of industry relationships

is used to produce energy and emissions factors for every industry, covering the entire

economy. These models made it possible for this analysis to link employment at each

establishment with standardized industry factors for energy consumption and greenhouse

emissions in order to estimate the environmental impact of each establishment.

3


constant since 2008, with slight progress in increasing the amount of value added to the

economy per terajoule of energy consumed. Extracting and refining petroleum for

transportation uses (leaving out the impacts of burning the fuel in transportation uses) accounts

for nearly a third of the greenhouse gasses emitted by industries in Los Angeles County.

Measured against environmental benchmarks, the county’s industries have not yet made visible

progress in meeting the federal target for 2020 of reducing greenhouse gas emissions 17 percent

below 2005 levels.

Measured against social benchmarks, employment is increasing concentrated in the service

sector, with a large segment of employment in low‐wage service industries. Los Angeles

County lags behind the state and nation in median levels of earned income, and the city lags

behind the county.

The metric for assessing greenhouse impacts in different industries and geographic areas was

the ratio of jobs to emissions indexed three ways: direct emission from establishment activities,

direct emissions from gasoline consumed by customers driving to establishments in private

light duty vehicles and the full life cycle emissions from the supplier chain linked to each

establishment added to direct emissions from establishment activities.

The three industries with the highest greenhouse gas emissions per job in 2011 were petroleum

refining (12,292 tons), air transportation (1,442 tons), and utilities (941 tons). These high

emissions in a small number of basic industries skewed the overall average upward. The entire

industry base of the county emitted an average of 33 tons of greenhouse gases per job in 2011.

At the low end of the spectrum, office‐based industries had direct greenhouse gas emissions of

roughly one‐twentieth of a ton per job.

Customer trips are estimated to account for a metric ton or more annually of greenhouse gas

emissions per employee in 20 major industries, and account for more emissions per job than

establishment activities in 18 major industries. The emission profile of a number of industries

shifts from negligible to significant emissions per job when the impact of gasoline consumed for

customer trips is taken into account.

Industries in each sub‐region of Los Angeles County are ranked on two scales, wage

sustainability and greenhouse gas sustainability based on both direct emissions from

establishment activities and emissions from gasoline consumed for customer trips to

establishments. The quintile benchmarks used for ranking were derived by dividing Los

Angeles County’s labor force in 2011 into wage quintiles and greenhouse gas quintiles, with an

equal number of employees in each quintile on each scale.

In many instances the ranking for environmental sustainability differs from the ranking for

wage sustainability. In the near‐term, these rankings differences identify trade‐offs. In the long‐

term, they identify sustainability weaknesses that need to be improved to increase industry

sustainability and long‐term prospects for viability.

4

When Los Angeles County industries are rolled up into 23 broad sectors and broken out into

quintile rankings based on wage and greenhouse sustainability, only five sectors representing

26 percent of total employment, both pay at least average wages and emit less than 2.2 metric

tons of greenhouse gasses per job each year. Three‐quarters of the county’s industry base pays

less than average wages, has average or higher emissions, or both.

The very highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions are from cornerstone industries that

provide energy and movement that are essential for the economy ‐ petroleum extraction and

refining, electric power generation and distribution, air transportation, and trucking.

The lowest wages are predominantly in routine service industries – retail, restaurants, hotels

and personal services.

Some industries are both socially and environmentally sustainable when seen individually,

however, all industries are dependent on the energy and transportation sectors of the economy,

which are emission‐intensive. The long‐term sustainability of all industries is dependent on

cleaner sources of energy and higher levels of value added to the economy per unit of energy

consumed.

Progress toward environmental sustainability requires improved technologies and industry

processes for producing electricity and petroleum and for moving people and goods much

more efficiently and with much less dependence on fossil fuels. To become more socially,

economically and environmentally sustainable, Los Angeles County must move its industry

base toward:

1. Higher levels of value added to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed,

preferably achieved through greater energy efficiency for existing industries.

2. Cleaner sources of power that release less greenhouse gas per terajoule consumed.

3. Higher wages so that all workers are paid enough to support the minimum standard of

living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well‐being. Possible approaches for

achieving sustainable wages include incentives for higher‐wage industries and increases

in the minimum wage.

Project Benefits

Data from this study is operationally relevant for informing land use decisions in Los Angeles

County, Los Angeles City and each of the nine Southern California Association of Governments

(SCAG) sub‐regions in the county. This can take place, for example, by using this information in

developing city master plans as well as in in zoning and permit approval decisions. This

includes detailed data for assessing sustainability strengths and weaknesses of industries in

each region:

Direct and life cycle energy consumption per job by industry

Direct and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per job by industry

Direct greenhouse gas emissions from gasoline consumed for customer trips

5

Average wages in each industry in each region

Policy relevant information includes identification of industry sectors that:

1. Support a growing economy that is socially and environmentally sustainable.

2. Provide significant labor force benefits but at an unsustainable environmental cost and

should be targeted for energy efficiency investments to increase competitiveness.

3. Provide jobs with low associated greenhouse gas emissions but do not pay sustaining

wages and should be targeted for wage improvements.

4. Have significant carrying costs for both the social safety net because of low wages and

the environment because of high greenhouse gas emissions.

6

CHAPTER 1: Sustainability Baseline for Wage and Greenhouse Gas Outcomes from Los Angeles County Industries

This report provides an integrated framework for assessing both the environmental and social

sustainability of industries. Socio‐ecological interrelations are assessed based on greenhouse gas

emissions per job, socio‐economic interrelations are assessed based on wages per job and also the

economic robustness of industries. Scaling these effects to a single job provides a policy tool for

analyzing how each industry affects: 1) the environmental balance sheet for employing the

region’s labor force while remaining under the greenhouse gas emission ceilings set forth in

federal, state and local goals, 2) the social balance sheet for providing the region’s labor force

with wages that support a basic standard of living.

This baseline profile measures Los Angeles County industries using three dimensions of

sustainability: greenhouse gas emissions, social sustainability based on wages for workers, and

economic viability based on size and growth.1 The next chapter uses this framework to analyze

industry conditions and sustainability trade‐offs in sub‐regions of the county

1.1 Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption

Electricity and natural gas provide most of the energy that enables workers to add value to the

economy, and are therefore essential prerequisites for the jobs of most workers in Los Angeles

1 The concept of three pillars of sustainable development is attributable to the United Nations Brundtland

Commission (1987), “Our Common Future,” http://www.un‐documents.net/our‐common‐future.pdf.

Figure 1: Distribution of Electricity Consumption among Los Angeles County Industries in 2012

Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database

1%

5%

5%

7%

7%

8%

8%

8%

11%

11%

12%

17%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Ag, Mining, Constuction

Health Care

Schools & Colleges

Transport & Warehouse

Hotels & Restaurants

Utilities

Nondurable Mfg

Durable Mfg

Petro. Extract. & Refine

Retail

Other Commercial

Offices

7

County’s labor force. The relationship between energy consumption, concomitant greenhouse

gas (GHG) emissions, and value added to the economy provides a starting point for

investigating industry sustainability.

1.1.1 Electricity Consumption by Industry Sector

The distribution of electricity consumption among industries in 2012 is shown in Figure 1.

Offices were the largest consumer (17 percent), followed by other commercial (12 percent), retail

(11 percent), and petroleum extraction and refining (11 percent). Petroleum‐related electricity

consumption is primarily for refineries.

Detailed data about electricity consumption by different industries in Los Angeles County is

available from the California Energy Commission from 1990 onward. Electrical power

consumption for uses other than residences and street lighting, that is, for commercial and

governmental activities, peaked in 2001 at 184,880 terajoules, as shown in Figure 2. Electricity

consumption dropped following the 2001 recession, increased from 2004 until the 2008

Figure 2: Annual Terajoules of Electricity Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County


0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012


Schools & Colleges

Health Care

Other Commercial

Offices

Retail


Nondurable Mfg

Durable Mfg


Utilities


8

recession, although not to the 2001 level, and then declined through 2011.2 Industry electricity

consumption increased in 2012, from 166,064 terajoules in 2011 to 172,192 terajoules in 2012.

This suggests an overall pattern of fluctuation that follows business cycles within a

consumption band of 160,000 to 180,000 terajoules of electricity a year to power the county’s

industries.

Electricity consumption by industries has remained fairly stable over the 23‐year time window

shown in Figure 2. The greatest rates of change were an average annual decline of 2.7 percent

2 Terajoules are used as the unit of measure in this discussion so as to provide a common framework for

describing all forms of energy used by industries, including electricity, natural gas and petroleum.

Natural gas and petroleum are primary forms of energy and electricity is a secondary form, however both

the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models used in chapter 2 and the discussion of the overall industry profile

of Los Angeles County industries, as measured by natural gas and electricity consumption, require this

integrated fame of reference. Care has been taken to avoid double counting natural gas used to generate

electricity when discussing the combined consumption of natural gas and electricity.

Figure 3: Annual Terajoules of Natural Gas Consumed by Industries in Los Angeles County


0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012


Schools & Colleges

Health Care

Other Commercial

Office

Retail

Transport. & Warehousing

Nondurable Manufacturing

Durable Manufacturing

Electric Power Gen. & Dist.

Petroleum Extract. & Refining

Water, Sewage, Waste Mgmt.

Ag., Mining, Construction

9

for durable manufacturing and an average annual growth of 2.4 percent for other commercial –

a catch‐all category made up mostly of technical and professional services.3

1.1.2 Natural Gas Consumption by Industry Sector

In 2012, industries in Los Angeles County consumed roughly 2.4 times as many terajoules of

natural gas as they did of electricity. However, 37 percent of the natural gas consumed by

industries is used to generate electric power, and thus is double‐counted when it reappears in

this study as electric power. When natural gas used to generate electric power is left out of the

calculation, industries consume 1.5 times as many terajoules in the form of natural gas as in the

form of electricity.

A breakout of natural gas consumption by industry sectors from 2008 through 2012 is shown in

Figure 3.4 In 2012, 69 percent of the natural gas consumed by industries was used to extract and

refine petroleum (32 percent) and to generate electricity (37 percent).

Double counting of natural gas energy used to generate electricity is avoided by removing it

from the natural gas inventory in this section of the baseline analysis. This is necessary because

GHG emission factors for electricity include the impacts of consuming natural gas to generate

electricity. There is a related issue with natural gas as it is consumed at petroleum refineries to

produce transportation fuel. However, unlike electricity, the consumption of natural gas at

refineries is not included as a direct impact when computing greenhouse gas emissions, so it

3 This is labelled “miscellaneous” by the California Energy Commission and includes: gasoline stations,

motion picture and recording, information services, data processing services, commercial and industrial

leasing, architects and engineers, other professional and technical services, technical and trade schools,

arts, entertainment and recreation, RV parks, repair and personal services, religious organizations, civic

organizations, justice and public safety.

4 The time window for data breaking out natural gas consumption in Los Angeles County by industry is

shorter than the comparable breakout for electric power. The natural gas breakout covers 2008 to 2012.

Figure 4: Distribution of Natural Gas Consumption among Industries in 2012; Excluding Electric Power Generation and Petroleum Extraction and Refining


1%

1%

6%

7%

8%

8%

8%

9%

11%

14%

27%

0% 10% 20% 30%

Ag., Mining, Construction

Water, Sewage, Waste

Retail

Transport. & Warehousing

Health Care

Schools & Colleges

Office

Durable Manufacturing

Other Commercial


Nondurable Manufacturing

10

does not result in double counting. The natural gas energy that is embedded in refined

petroleum appears only in life‐cycle computations of emission impacts.

When the industry uses of natural gas that transform it into other forms of energy, i.e.,

electricity and petroleum, are removed from the mix, the remaining 31 percent of the inventory

is consumed for the establishment‐based uses shown in Figure 4.

Nondurable manufacturing accounts for 27 percent of establishment‐based consumption,

followed by hotels and restaurants, which consume 14 percent. Heating commercial buildings,

the use encompassed by two categories, other commercial and offices, accounts for a total of 19

percent of establishment‐based consumption of natural gas.

1.1.3 Electricity and Natural Gas

There is less year‐to‐year variation in the combined consumption of electricity and natural gas

by the county’s industries (excluding consumption of natural gas for electric power generation)

than there is when electricity or natural gas consumption are studied individually (Figure 5).

Over the five years of 2008 to 2012, industries in Los Angeles Counties consumed an annual

average of 421,000 terajoules of natural gas and electricity. In 2012, total consumption of these

two forms of energy slightly exceeded the 2008 level. Throughout the five‐year interval shown

in Figure 5, industry consumed 41 percent of the combined energy provided by electricity and

natural gas in the form of electricity and 59 percent in the form of natural gas (excluding natural

gas used for electric power generation).

Figure 5: Annual Terajoules of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by Industries


0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Terajoules

Natural gas except for electric power generation Electric power

426,011 411,123 416,514422,643 426,796

11

1.1.4 Value Created in the Economy per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas

A critical metric for assessing energy consumption is the amount of value that is added to the

economy through the use of energy. “Value added” is the wealth created by local industries.

Value is added almost entirely through the work done by the labor force. The economy and the

jobs of workers become more environmentally sustainable when more value is created per unit

of energy, and even more so, when more value is created per unit of greenhouse gas emitted.

From 2008 through 2011, all industries combined added an average of $1,175,000 to the

economy for every terajoule of electricity and natural gas that they consumed (excluding

natural gas used to generate electricity), as shown in Figure 6. 5 There was a 1 percent increase

from 2008 to 2011 in the amount of value added per terajoule of energy consumed by industries.

This hints at slight progress toward increased energy efficiency.

The amount of value added per terajoule of energy consumed in 2011 is broken out by broad

industry sector in Figure 7, with electric power and natural gas each shown separately. Looking

first at natural gas consumption, offices added the most value to the economy ‐ $20,733,129 per

terajoule of natural gas consumed and petroleum extraction, refining added next to the least ‐

$97,619, and electric power generation added the least ‐ $37,895. The low amount of value

5 Energy consumption data is from the California Energy Commission, value added data for Los Angeles

County is from IMPLAN data for the county in each year.

Figure 6: Value Created in All Industry Sectors per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas

Source: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN annual value added data for Los Angeles County in 2010 dollars, source data is from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts

$1,158,509 $1,214,133

$1,163,462 $1,164,925

$0

$200,000

$400,000

$600,000

$800,000

$1,000,000

$1,200,000

$1,400,000

2008 2009 2010 2011

Value Added Activity per Terajoule of

Electricity and Natural G

as

12

added per terajoule of natural gas consumed in producing petroleum and electric power

represents the outcomes for energy‐intensive industrial activities that produce comparatively

inexpensive commodities – refined petroleum and electricity.

Looking now at the amount of value added per terajoule of electricity consumed, many

industries consume more energy in the form of natural gas than electricity, but the industry

ranking based on energy‐intensity is the same as for natural gas except for the combined sectors

of agriculture, mining and construction. This sector added the most value to the economy per

terajoule of metered electricity – $10,404,698. In the cases of agriculture and mining this

reflected high reliance on petroleum (which is not shown in this figure) as an energy source; in

the case of construction this reflected the fact that on‐site electricity used for construction is not

typically billed to the construction company.

Offices added the next highest amount of value to the economy per terajoule of electricity

consumed – $7,275,797. Utilities added the least value to the economy per terajoule of

electricity consumed – $367,441 – except $0 for electric power. This reflects the large amount of

Figure 7: Amount of Value Added per Terajoule of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumed by Industry Sectors in 2011

Sources: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database and IMPLAN annual value added data for Los Angeles County in 2010 dollars

$0.00

$0.72

$0.37

$0.91

$1.32

$1.22

$1.72

$2.41

$2.49

$1.49

$4.22

$10.40

$7.28

$0.04

$0.10

$0.71

$0.68

$0.54

$0.82

$2.35

$2.01

$4.79

$9.80

$7.26

$1.20

$20.73

$0 $5 $10 $15 $20 $25

Electric Power


Utilities ex. Electricity

Schools & Colleges

Nondurable Mfg


Durable Mfg

Health Care


Retail

Other Commercial


Offices

Millions of Dollars of Value Added per Terajoule in 2011

Natural Gas

Electricity

13

energy required to produce and move low‐cost commodities, for example water. In the case of

electric utilities it reflects incorporation of utility electricity consumption as part of overall

energy loss in producing and distributing electric power.

1.1.5 GHG Emissions from Industry Consumption of Electricity and Natural Gas

In 2012, electricity and natural gas directly consumed by industries in Los Angeles County

produced an estimated 27.5 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions, as shown in Figure 8.

Extracting and refining petroleum accounted for nearly a third of these emissions – 8.7 million

tons, followed by nondurable manufacturing – 2.9 tons and offices – 2.9 tons. Combining the

Figure 8: Tons of CO2e Emitted from Direct Industry Consumption of Electricity and Natural GasConsumed in 2012

Sources: California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

Tons CO2e fromElectric Power

Tons CO2e fromNatural Gas

Tons of CO2 Equivalen

t in 2012

Schools & Colleges

Health Care


Other Commercial

Offices

Retail


Nondurable Mfg

Durable Mfg

Utilities ex. Electric



13.4 Million Tons 14.1 Million Tons

14

impacts of electricity and natural gas for all industries, 64.4 tons of greenhouse gases were

emitted for every terajoule of energy consumed. 6

These emissions estimates provide a benchmark for estimating the trajectory of reductions

needed to meet federal targets for reducing overall production of greenhouse gas.

1.1.6 Reductions in GHG Necessary to Meet State and Federal Targets

California Assembly Bill 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, establishes a

comprehensive program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all sources throughout the

state. The scoping plan for AB 32, which was adopted in 2008 uses 1990 as the benchmark year

and sets out the goals for reducing total emissions as well as per capita emissions through 2050,

as shown in Table 1.1. The goal for 2050 is to reduce the states total greenhouse gas emissions

by 80 percent from what they were in 1990 or 83 percent of what they were in 2005. The goals

anticipate population growth and call for reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 90

percent in 2050, with a seven percent reduction achieved by 2000 and holding through 2010.

In advance of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the White

House announced the following targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions:7

2020: 17 percent below 2005 levels


2030 42 percent below 2005 levels


These targets have not yet by adopted by Congress and signed into law, but they provide

federal benchmarks for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Emission reduction targets for

both the United States and California are shown in Figure 9. Both sets of goals converge on

reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 83 percent in 2050.

6 This estimate is based on United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 factor

of 77.6 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions for every terajoule of electricity generated in California and the

Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator factor of 50.3 metric tons or 55.4 short tons of CO2 equivalent

emissions for every terajoule of natural gas consumed.

The basis for the GHG emissions benchmark is a statewide average electricity generation emission value,

which does not reflect the differences in emission based on differences in the sources of power utilized by

different electric utilities throughout the state. A methodological alternative for future studies is to use

utility‐specific data available through the California Energy Commissions Power Source reports

7 U.S. White House (November 25, 2009), ” President to Attend Copenhagen Climate Talks,”

http://www.whitehouse.gov/the‐press‐office/president‐attend‐copenhagen‐climate‐talks

15

Achieving the goals set out by the state and federal governments will be a remarkable

accomplishment.

The baseline evidence presented in this report indicates that the amount of energy consumed by

Los Angeles’ industries has remained roughly constant and has not yet shifted into the steep

downward trajectory shown in Figure 9.

Local government can help achieve the targeted reductions in greenhouse gas emissions

through land use and development policies that encourage a regional industry structure that

adds growing value to the economy and employs growing numbers of workers while releasing

decreasing amounts of greenhouse gases.

Figure 9: State and Federal Targets for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050

Sources: U.S. Department of Energy (December 02, 2009), EERE Network News; California “Climate Change Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change,” December 2008, p 118.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

1990 2000 2005 2010 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

Annual GHG Emissions as % of 2005

California AB 32 U.S. Department of Energy

Table 1.1: California Greenhouse Gas Emission Trajectory

Year

Millions of Metric Tons of CO2 Equivalent for California

Total Emissions as

% of 1990 Level

Total Emissions

as % of 2005 Level

Metric Tons of CO2

Equivalent per Person

Per Capita Emissions as

% of 1990 Level

1990 427 100% 88% 14.3 100% 2000 452 106% 93% 13.3 93% 2005 487 114% 100% 13.3 93% 2010 522 122% 107% 13.3 93% 2020 422 99% 87% 9.6 67% 2030 284 67% 58% 5.8 41% 2040 185 43% 38% 3.4 24% 2050 85 20% 17% 1.4 10%

Source: California Air Resources Board, “Climate Change Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change,” December 2008, Page 118. 2005 data is interpolated from 2000 and 2010 to provide a comparison point for the federal benchmark.

16

1.2 Economic and Wage Sustainability of Los Angeles County Industries

This section of the baseline analysis addresses two non‐environmental dimensions of industry

sustainability. The first dimension is wage sustainability – does an industry pay its workers

enough to support “the minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and

general well‐being?”8 The second dimension is economic sustainability – is an industry large

enough to be significant and is it growing or declining? These non‐environmental dimensions of

sustainability are integrated with wages given triple weight to create an index of economic

performance.9 Wages were triple weighted to reflect their importance for social sustainability.

8 These criteria for the minimum level of worker compensation are from Section § 202 ‐ Congressional

finding and declaration of policy, The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.

9 An overall index of economic performance was created, with wages given triple weight. Three factors

were combined in this index: employment size, change in employment size, and average industry wage.

A higher score on the index indicates higher performance. Each of the 23 industry sectors was ranked

based on each of the three factors. The index was created by adding together an industry’s ranking on

these three factors, after the wage ranking had been multiplied by three to give it triple weight. With

three factors being combined and the wage factor triple weighted, wage levels accounted for 60 percent of

the overall ranking, industry size 20 percent, and change in industry size 20 percent.

Figure 10: Annual Average Wages in in Los Angeles County Industries 2011

Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County

$0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 $100

Hotel & RestaurantsOther Personal Svcs.

Retail: GeneralAgriculture, ForestryRetail: Home Goods

Janitors, Temps, GuardsMfg: Food & Apparel

EducationalCouriers & Storage

TransportationMfg: Paper & ChemicalHealth & Social AssistReal Estate & Rental

Wholesale TradeConstruction

Mfg: Metal & MachineryPublic Administration

Prof., Scientific, & Tech.Arts & Entertainment

InformationHolding CompaniesFinance & Insurance

UtilitiesMining, Petro Extraction

2011 Annual Wages ‐ Thousands of $

$159K

17

1.2.1 Wage Sustainability

Wages are central to the well‐being of workers. Annual average wages in Los Angeles County’s

formal economy are shown in Figure 10. Thirty‐five percent of jobs are in the seven industries

with average wages for all workers (managers through janitors) that are under $40,000. At the

bottom are hotels and restaurant jobs, paying under $20,000 a year. This low‐wage cluster tops

out with food and apparel manufacturing industries with average wages of about $39,000 a year

The middle cluster of industries starts with education, paying an average of about $51,000 a

year, and extends through metal and machinery manufacturing, paying average wages of about

$71,000 a year. This cluster of nine industries accounts for 41 percent of employment.

The highest paying cluster of industries starts with public administration, paying an average of

about $77,000 a year, and extends to a small employment cohort in utilities earning an average

of about $99,000 a year and an even smaller cohort in mining and petroleum extraction earning

an average of about $159,000 a year. This cluster of the eight highest paying industries accounts

for 24 percent of Los Angeles County’s employment in the formal economy.

The hourly wage distribution of Los Angeles County’s entire labor force, including workers in

both the formal and informal economies, is shown in Figure 11.10 Informal workers typically

have lower wages, pulling down the earnings levels for formal workers shown in Figure 10, but

providing a more complete picture of earnings. Forty‐three percent of workers are paid less

than fifteen dollars an hour. This hourly wage is approximately 200 percent of the poverty

threshold, representing a minimum living wage in a high‐cost region like Los Angeles. The

large number of low‐wage workers means that many households do not have enough income to

pay for basic life necessities.

10 Household survey respondents to the American Community Survey include individuals who work

informally.

Figure 11: Distribution of Los Angeles County Labor Force based on Hourly Wages

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample, Los Angeles County 2007-2011

0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000

Part time

Full time

Number of Workers

<$9 $9-14.99 $15-21.99 $22-34.99 $35+

Hourly Wage

18

Median earnings of the entire labor force, including informal workers, are shown in Figure 12.

This time series from 1979 through 2011 shows earned income of the median worker, the typical

worker who is in the middle of the wage distribution. Los Angeles City and County have lower

median earnings than California and the United States. Median earnings in Los Angeles City

are particularly low – in 2011 they were 11 percent less than in the county, 16 percent less than

in the United States, and 19 percent less than in California.

1.2.2 Economic Sustainability

1.2.2.1 Industry Size

The most basic characteristic of an industry is whether it can be found in a region and the share

of total employment that it provides. A summary view of Los Angeles County’s industry

structure at the 2‐digit NAICS classification level is shown in Figure 13. Only 12 percent of

employment is in goods‐producing industries. This is the industry super‐sector whose primary

product is making tangible things – growing food, extracting minerals, making and distributing

electric power and other utilities, constructing buildings, and manufacturing consumable and

durable goods. Many goods‐producing industries are comparatively small. Mining and

Figure 12: Median Earned Income 1979 to 2011

Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1980, 1990 and 2000 Decennial Census and 2005 to 2012 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Samples and tables

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

$40,000

1979 1989 1999 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

California

UnitedStates

Los AngelesCounty

Los AngelesCity

19

agriculture each account for only a tenth of one percent of employment. Utilities and

construction each account for only one percent.

Service‐producing industries account for the other 88 percent of employment. This includes

transportation (4 percent), wholesale trade (6 percent), retail trade (10 percent), information (5

percent), finance (6 percent), professional services (8 percent), health and education (21 percent),

leisure and hospitality (11 percent), other services (13 percent), and public administration

(excluding schools and health care 4 percent).

1.2.2.2 Industry Growth Trajectory

A second critical dimension of industry performance is growth or decline. For example, until

the end of the cold war and the collapse of military aerospace manufacturing in Los Angeles in

1990, high technology firms and the secondary tier of metal working suppliers accounted for 10

percent of jobs in the county. By 2012, this sector had lost 61 percent of the jobs it had in 1990.11

Despite its high wages, employment in this sector is precarious due to long‐term decline.

Change in the employment size of industry sectors from 1996 to 2011 is shown in Figure 14. The

six industries with the highest rates of job growth are in the service sector. The four industries

with the highest rate of job loss are in the goods‐producing sector. Decline in construction can

11 California Employment Development Department, Industry Employment Data for Los Angeles

County, 1990‐2012.

Figure 13: Los Angeles County Industry Employment Size 2011


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Mining, Petro ExtractionAgriculture, Forestry

UtilitiesConstruction

Couriers & StorageHolding Companies

Mfg: Paper & ChemicalReal Estate & RentalArts & EntertainmentMfg: Food & Apparel

TransportationRetail: General

Finance & InsurancePublic Administration

InformationMfg: Metal & Machinery

Wholesale TradeJanitors, Temps, Guards

Other Personal Svcs.Prof., Scientific, & Tech.

Retail: Home GoodsHotel & Restaurants

EducationalHealth & Social Assist

2011 Employment ‐ Thousands

20

probably be explained by the highly volatile nature of the industry. Low employment in 2011

was the result of the recent recession.

1.3 Summary of Baseline Conditions in Los Angeles County

1.3.1 Index of Economic Performance

An overall ranking of industries’ economic performance is shown in Figure 15. This index was

derived by averaging the rankings of each industry based on size in 2011, change in size from

1996 to 2011, and average wage in 2011. The average wage was given triple weight when

computing the rankings because of the central importance of earnings for social sustainability.

Industries that rank highest on the economic performance index are knowledge‐intensive, for

example professional services, finance, information and health care, or capital‐intensive, for

example, petroleum extraction and utilities.

Industries that rank lowest on the index pay low wages, for example, agriculture, food and

apparel manufacturing, retail, courier and storage services, paper and chemical manufacturing,

janitors and security guards, and hotels and restaurants.


constant since 2008, with slight progress in the amount of value added to the economy per

Figure 14: Change in Los Angeles County Industry Employment 1996 to 2011


‐6% ‐5% ‐4% ‐3% ‐2% ‐1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4%

ConstructionMfg: Food & Apparel

Mfg: Paper & ChemicalMfg: Metal & Machinery

Holding CompaniesInformation

Couriers & StoragePublic Administration

Janitors, Temps, GuardsEducational

Wholesale TradeFinance & Insurance

TransportationAgriculture, Forestry

Retail: GeneralUtilities

Mining, Petro ExtractionReal Estate & RentalRetail: Home Goods

Health & Social AssistHotel & Restaurants

Prof., Scientific, & Tech.Arts & EntertainmentOther Personal Svcs.

% Change in Employment 1996‐2011

21

terajoule of energy consumed. Extracting and refining petroleum for transportation uses

(leaving out the impacts of burning the fuel when it is used in transportation) accounts for

nearly a third of the greenhouse gasses emitted by industries in Los Angeles County.

The county’s industries have not yet made visible progress in meeting state and federal targets

for 2020. Both targets call for roughly similar outcomes – the state goal is reducing greenhouse

gas emissions one percent below the 1990 level, the federal goal is reducing emissions 17

percent below the 2005 level.

Looking at social sustainability benchmarks, employment is increasing concentrated in the

service sector, with a large segment of employment in low‐wage service industries. Los Angeles

County lags behind the state and nation in median levels of earned income, and the city lags

behind the county.

1.3.2 Policy Implications





base toward:

Figure 15: Los Angeles County Industries Ranked by Economic and Social Sustainability

Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County.

Note: The progression from cooler to warmer colors in the figure reflects progressively lower levels of sustainability.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Agriculture, ForestryMfg: Food & Apparel

Retail: GeneralCouriers & Storage

Mfg: Paper & ChemicalJanitors, Temps, Guards

Hotel & RestaurantsOther Personal Svcs.

ConstructionRetail: Home Goods

TransportationEducational

Real Estate & RentalMfg: Metal & Machinery

Wholesale TradeHolding Companies

InformationHealth & Social Assist

UtilitiesArts & Entertainment

Mining, Petro ExtractionFinance & Insurance

Prof., Scientific, & Tech.

Economic Performance 100 = Highest

22

1. Higher levels of value added to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed.


3. Higher wages so that all workers are paid enough to support “the minimum standard of

living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well‐being.”

23

CHAPTER 2: Greenhouse Gas and Economic Outcomes from Industries in Sub-regions of Los Angeles County

2.1 Introduction

Los Angeles is a world metropolis situated in a fragile air shed that provides homes and jobs for

a transnational labor force. This region’s future will emerge out of an economy deeply

intertwined with environmental and socio‐economic realities. Achieving sustainability requires

an industry structure that sharply reduces the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to jobs in the

region, provides enough jobs for the labor force, and pays sustaining wages to workers.

This analysis documents the relationship between environmental impacts and job opportunities

in Los Angeles in the context of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and

future urban sustainability. It provides information that encompasses the entire employment

base in Los Angeles County’s formal economy. (Analyzing impacts from the informal economy

is outside the scope of this study.) It describes the energy intensity and economic sustainability

of industry activity in the city and county of Los Angeles as well as in each of SCAG’s nine sub‐

regions in the county. The most frequently used metric is the ratio of jobs to greenhouse gas

emissions estimated through three frameworks:

1. Direct emission from establishment activities

2. Direct emissions from estimated gasoline consumed by customers driving to

establishments in private light duty vehicles

3. Life cycle emissions from the supplier chain linked to activities at each establishment as

well as from establishment activities

Activities that severely stress the environment represent areas in which more efficient industrial

processes are needed to preserve jobs as constraints on greenhouse gas emissions become

increasingly severe. Activities with a light environmental footprint that provide a significant

number of jobs represent win‐win opportunities for economic growth. Similarly, jobs that pay

less than living wages identify sectors where the wage floor is too low to pay for basic expenses.

Jobs that pay living wages represent social sustainability strengths of the region. Policy‐relevant

information from this analysis includes identification of industry sectors that:

1. Provide opportunities for a growing economy that is socially and environmentally

sustainable, or

2. Provide significant labor force benefits but at an unsustainable environmental cost and

should be targeted for energy efficiency investments to increase their competitiveness,

or

3. Provide jobs with low associated greenhouse gas emissions but do not pay sustaining

wages and should be targeted for wage improvements, or

4. Have significant carrying costs for both the social safety net and the environment.

24

Trade‐offs of the sustainability strengths and weaknesses of the industry structure in each sub‐

region are analyzed in the next chapter.

This analysis of the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gases and wage

sustainability draws on multiple data sets to produce estimates of greenhouse gas and wage

outcomes from each type of industry in each sub‐region of the county. (Some data sources are

specific to individual establishments, and others that are specific to the county, the state or the

nation. (For a detailed discussion of the methods used, see Appendix A.) A partial list of data

sources includes:

Longitudinal establishment data for each employer in the county with specific

addresses, industry classifications, employment levels, and payroll amounts at each

facility.

Data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis for Los Angeles County, via Impact

Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN), showing the amount of value added per employee in

each industry, in each year.

The California multi‐regional input‐output (MRIO) life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model

developed for the California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental

Protection Agency, which provides direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas

emission factors for each industry.

Annual data from the California Energy Commission identifying the amount of

electricity and natural gas consumed by each sector in Los Angeles County. This data

provides industry‐level correction factors for the estimates produced using the

California MRIO‐LCA model.

The U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) model developed by

Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, which provides life cycle energy

consumption and greenhouse gas emissions factors for each industry.

Data from the Air Resources Board breaking out the amount of gasoline used annually

in Los Angeles County by different types of vehicles.

Data from Argonne National Laboratory’s GREET 1 model that provides vehicle

emission factors for each year based on California’s fuel mix and vehicle mileage

characteristics.

This combination of data sources means that industry employment and payroll data is accurate

and specific to each sub‐region, however greenhouse gas emission factors represent statewide

averages for each industry in the case of direct emission estimates using the MRIO‐LCA model,

and national averages for each industry in the case of life cycle estimates using the EIO‐LCA

model. An additional limitation is that both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are derived

from the Bureau of Economic Analysis’ 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables.

Correction factors for the time lag built into these models comes from annual energy

consumption data provided by the California Energy Commission, which are applied to direct

emission estimates produced using the California MRIO‐LCA model, and annual changes in the

25

amount of value added per worker in each industry in Los Angeles, which is obtained from

IMPLAN and incorporated into estimates made using both the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA

models.

Three key strengths of MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are their comprehensiveness, their

consistency, and their use of very rich, complex and reliable data from the Bureau of Economic

Analysis. (For additional discussion about the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models, see section A.6

in Appendix A.) The 2002 benchmark Input‐Output Make and Use tables describe each industry

separately, covering the entire industry structure. A single framework of industry relationships

is used to produce energy and emissions factors for every industry, covering the entire

economy.

These models made it possible for this analysis to link employment at each establishment with

standardized industry factors for energy consumption and greenhouse emissions in order to

estimate the environmental impact of each establishment. These establishment‐level estimates

were aggregated by industry for each sub‐region of the county, thereby protecting

establishment confidentiality and also populating industry classifications with sufficiently large

numbers of firms as to be statistically reliable.

Figure 16: Direct Terajoules of Energy Consumed per Job, Los Angeles County 2011

Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database; California MRIO-LCA direct impacts model

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.26 0.33 0.34 0.45 0.49 0.63 0.71 0.93

1.5 2.7 2.8

6.2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Finance & InsuranceAdmin Support & Waste Mgmnt

Other ServicesPostal Service

Arts & EntertainmentProfessional, Scientific, & Tech Srv

Wholesale TradeHolding Companies

Health & Social AssistanceInformation

Real Estate & LeasingEducational Services

WarehousingRetail Trade

Support Activities for TransportHotels & Restaurants

Sightseeing TransportationMetal & Other Durable Mfg

Food & Apparel ManufacturingPublic AdministrationWater Transportation

ConstructionWood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg.

Agriculture, ForestryLA COUNTY AVERAGE

Passenger TransitCouriers

Truck TransportationMining, Petroleum Extraction

Pipeline TransportationAir Transportation

UtilitiesPetroleum Refining

Terajoules per Job

15347

26

2.2 Direct Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions per Job

2.2.1 Energy Consumption

There is great variation in the amount of energy required for the activities that workers carry

out in their jobs. The estimated number of terajoules consumed from all sources per job in each

industry is shown in Figure 16. Petroleum refineries consumed 153 terajoules for each person

they employed in 2011.

Other industries that consumed large amounts of energy per job include utilities (47), air

transportation (6.2), pipeline transportation (2.8), petroleum extraction (2.7), and truck

transportation (1.5). Industries that produce energy or move things are energy‐intensive.

Figure 17: Metric Tons of Greenhouse Gases Directly Emitted per Job, Los Angeles County 2011

Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database; California MRIO-LCA direct impacts model

0.01 0.04 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 10 14 16

33 35 43

76 127 137

211 222

343 394

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Motion Picture TheatersEmployment Services

InformationSpecialized Design SrvFinance & Insurance

AccountingLegal Services

Architecture & EngineeringWholesale Trade

Veterinary & Other Prof Srv.Document Copying & Mail

Retail TradeArts & Entertainment

Rental & LeasingAmbulatory Health Care

HospitalsSocial AssistanceOther Services

Educational ServicesRestaurants

Nursing Care FacilitiesMetal & Other Durable Mfg

Postal ServiceTravel Agencies & Tours

BakeriesWarehousing

HotelsFood & Apparel Mfg.

Sightseeing TransportationWood, Chem, Plastic, Cement

Public AdministrationLA COUNTY AVERAGE

AgricultureWaste Management

Water TransportationPassenger Transit

Pipeline TransportationCouriers

Water & SewageTruck Transportation

Natural Gas DistributionPetroleum Extraction

Electric Power GenerationAir TransportationPetroleum Refining

Direct Metric Tons GHG per Job in 2011

12,2921,4421,439544

27

The countywide average was 0.63 terajoules per job per year.

At the low end of energy consumption, finance and insurance establishments consumed 0.01

terajoules per job. Other office‐based jobs have similarly low levels of energy consumption.

These ratios of energy consumption to jobs combine reliable establishment‐level employment

data with the industry energy and emission factors from the California MRIO‐LCA model. The

outcomes from that model corrected based on data from the California Energy Commission

reporting electricity and natural gas by industry in Los Angeles County. This justifies a high

level of confidence in the industry spread produced by the ratios. The methods used to produce

this data are described in greater detail in Appendix A.

Appendix C provides more detailed information about direct energy consumption per job,

breaking out these impacts at the 4‐digit NAICS industry classification level for Los Angeles

County and City, and the 3‐digit level for each of the nine SCAG sub‐regions.

2.2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Energy consumption correlates closely with greenhouse gas emission, with some variation in

this correlation based on variation in energy source among industries. Natural gas produces

50.3 metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions for every terajoule consumed, electricity produces

70.4 tons, and vehicle gasoline produces 83.9 tons.12

The three industries with the highest direct greenhouse gas emissions per job in 2011 were

petroleum refining (12,292 tons), air transportation (1,442 tons), and electric power generation

(1,439 tons), as shown in Figure 17.

The overall industry base of the county directly emitted 33 tons of greenhouse gases for each job

in 2011.

At the other end of the spectrum, office‐based industries had direct GHG emissions of roughly

one‐twentieth of a ton per job.

2.3 Direct Emissions per Job from Gasoline Consumed for Customer Trips

The trip generation models used for land use planning were used in this analysis to estimate

greenhouse gas emissions from customer trips.13 Land use planners currently estimate the level

12 This estimate is derived from United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0.

13 These estimates were derived from the California Emissions Estimator Model, Table 4.3 Mobile Trip

Rates, South Coast Air Quality Management District, 2011, and for industries not covered by that model,

from the ITE Trip Generation Handbook ‐ 2nd Edition. Industries such as manufacturing that do not have

public customer traffic are not assigned a trip generaton factor.

28

of vehicle traffic that will be generated by new developments in determining parking and road

improvement requirements. Customer traffic also creates greenhouse gas emissions from

combustion of gasoline.

Trip generation data were calibrated to employment and linked with the amount of gasoline

consumed for customer trips by the public to business and government. This methodology is

Table 2.1: Metric Tons of Direct GHG per Job in 2011 from Establishment Activities and Customer Gasoline

Industry and NAICS Code

Establish-ment

ActivitiesCustomer Gasoline

Bakeries (3118) 3.6 1.0

Retail Trade (44-45) 0.1 7.0

Air Transportation (481) 1,442.0 2.2

Water Transportation (483) 76.2 0.5

Passenger Transit (485) 126.8 0.3

Sightseeing Transportation (487) 10.1 0.6

Postal Servicer (491) 2.4 3.9

Couriers (492) 210.9 3.7

Finance & Insurance (52) 0.1 4.2

Rental & Leasing (53) 0.3 1.0

Motion Picture Theaters (5121) 0.0 52.3

Legal Services (5411) 0.1 0.3

Accounting (5412) 0.1 0.2

Architecture & Engineering (5413) 0.1 0.2

Specialized Design Srv (5414) 0.1 0.0

Veterinary & Misc Prof Srv (5419) 0.1 1.2

Employment Services (5613) 0.0 0.2

Copying & Mail Service (5614) 0.1 2.3

Travel Agencies (5615) 3.4 0.3

Educational Services (61) 1.0 1.2

Ambulatory Health Care (621) 0.5 1.9

Hospitals (622) 0.5 1.1

Nursing Care Facilities (623) 2.1 1.0

Social Assistance (624) 0.5 0.9

Arts & Entertainment (71) 0.2 2.1

Hotels (721) 4.0 2.3

Restaurants (722) 2.1 13.5

Other Services (81) 0.9 1.3

Public Administration (92) 15.6 1.5

Los Angeles County Average 32.7 2.5

Source: Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5.

29

described in greater detail in Appendix A. Impacts of commercial transportation, including

commercial vehicle fleets, are included in the direct industry impacts shown by the California

MRIO‐LCA model. Including impacts from customer traffic adds a missing piece to estimates of

industry greenhouse gas emissions generated by industry activity.

Emissions from both establishment activities and customer trips are shown in Table 2.1.

Customer trips account for a metric ton or more of GHG emissions per employee in 20

industries. Motion picture theaters lead this list with 52 tons per year per employee, followed by

restaurants with 13 tons, and then retail trade with 7 tons.

The emission profile of a number of industries shifts from negligible to significant emissions per

job when the impact of customer traffic is taken into account. Gasoline consumed for customer

trips accounts for more emissions per job than establishment activities in 18 industries, as

shown in Figure 18.

Appendix C provides detailed industry information about greenhouse gas emissions associated

with vehicle operations during customer trips.

Figure 18: Percent of Direct GHG emissions from Customer Trips vs. Establishment Activities in 2011

Source: Economic Roundtable method for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Air TransportationPassenger Transit

Water TransportationCouriers

Sightseeing TransportationLA COUNTY AVERAGE

Travel Agencies & ToursPublic Administration

BakeriesNursing Care Facilities

HotelsSpecialized Design SrvEducational Services

Other ServicesPostal Service

Social AssistanceHospitals

AccountingArchitecture & Engineering Srv

Legal ServicesAmbulatory Health Care

Rental & LeasingEmployment Services

RestaurantsVeterinary & Other Prof Srv.

Arts & EntertainmentDocument Copying & Mail Srv.

Retail TradeFinance & Insurance

Motion Picture Theaters

Establishment Activities Customer Gasoline

30

2.4 Life Cycle Emissions per Job

Life cycle emissions include all of the embedded greenhouse emissions released through

industry activities of upstream suppliers. The estimated life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per

job in in Los Angeles County in 2011 are shown in Figure 19. The method used to produce these

estimates is described in Appendix A. Tables breaking out life cycle impacts in greater industry

and geographic detail are provided in Appendix C.

The life cycle average for all industries in 2011 was an estimated 136 metric tons of greenhouse

gases per job. Life cycle estimates are less reliable than those for direct emissions, but they have

Figure 19: Life Cycle Metric Tons of GHG emissions per Job in Los Angeles County, 2011

Source: Economic Roundtable calculation of life cycle GHG emissions. See Appendix A.4 additional information.

3 10 13 14 15 15 16 16 16 18 18 18 22 25 25 25 28 31 31 31 33 33 36 47 50 50

71 121

136 138 145 156

224 318

485

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Employment ServicesDocument Copying & Mail Srv.

AccountingPostal ServiceOther Services

Transport Support ActivitiesFinance and InsuranceNursing Care Facilities

Legal ServicesRetail Trade

Specialized Design SrvAmbulatory Health CareTravel Agencies & Tours

Veterinary & Other Prof Srv.Restaurants

Architecture & EngineeringArts & Entertainment

Wholesale TradeSightseeing Transportation

Real Estate and LeasingMotion Picture Theaters

HotelsEducational Services

WarehousingHospitals

InformationConstructionAgriculture

LA COUNTY AVERAGEMetal & Other Durable Mfg

Public AdministrationBakeries

Passenger TransitFood & Apparel MfgWaste ManagementPetroleum Extraction

Water & SewageWood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg

Pipeline TransportationNatural Gas Distribution

Electric Power Generation

Life Cycle Metric Tons GHG per Job in 2011

15,3265,517

1,000

3,6951,359

651

31

two important uses.14 First, they provide an index of the comparative life cycle impacts of

different industries. Second, they identify industries with high life cycle impacts that may well

face increasing competitive hurdles as market costs associated with carbon continue to increase

and prices charged by upstream suppliers increase.

The ranking of industries based on life cycle emissions (Figure 19) is roughly similar to the

ranking based on direct emissions (Figure 17). In both the direct and life cycle rankings, energy

sources and transportation have the highest emissions per job.

Electric power generation is the high‐emission outlier based on life cycle impacts, whereas

petroleum refining is the outlier based direct impacts. Electric power generation and

distribution has far greater life cycle impacts than any other industry – 15,326 metric tons of

greenhouse gas emissions per job per year.

14 As explained in Appendix section A.4, the correction factor used to bring U.S. EIO‐LCA life cycle factors into alignment with actual impacts in Los Angeles County was annual changes in the ratio of

energy consumed by individual industries to the value added by industries in the county. This correction

factor improves the reliability of the estimates but is not as robust as the actual quantities of energy

consumed by each industry that were used to correct MRIO‐LCA factors in estimating direct emissions.

Because of anomalies in life cycle GHG estimates from the EIO‐LCA model compared to direct GHG

estimates from the MRIO‐LCA model, life cycle data for five industries has been removed from estimates

shown in this chapter and in Appendix C: Petroleum Refining, Air Transportation, Truck Transportation,

Water Transportation, and Couriers.

Figure 20: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed per Job in 2011 for Sub-regions of Los Angeles County

Source: Economic Roundtable calculation of direct energy consumption. See Appendix A.3 for additional information.

0.08

0.08

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Las Virgenes

Arroyo Verdugo

Westside Cities

San Fernando Valley

No Los Angeles Co

Gateway Cities

Los Angeles County

San Gabriel Valley

Los Angeles City

South Bay Cities

Metro Los Angeles

Terajoules of Direct Energy per Job in 2011

32

Government activities have above average life cycle impacts 145 annual metric tons of

greenhouse gases compared to an overall average of 136 tons. These above‐average impacts are

the result of energy‐intensive activities such as building, maintaining and operating the utility

and transportation infrastructures, operating heavy vehicles to transport goods, and operating

vehicles to provide public safety services.

2.4.1 Ratio of Life Cycle to Direct Emissions

For all industries in the county, life cycle GHG impacts are roughly four times greater than

direct impacts (136 vs. 33 metric tons of emissions per job per year), but this ratio varies widely

among industries. A rough rule of the thumb is that industries with low direct impacts often

have proportionately larger upstream impacts in their supplier chain, and industries with high

direct impacts often have proportionately smaller upstream impacts in their supplier chain. The

ratio of life cycle to direct GHG emissions per job is shown below for a sample of industries.

Agriculture 3

LOS ANGELES COUNTY AVERAGE 4

Hotels 8

Public Administration 9

Waste Management 11

Restaurants 12

Warehousing 12

Social Assistance 19

Ambulatory Health Care 38

Education 38

Hospitals 100

Real Estate and Leasing 120

Retail Trade 124

Professional, Scientific, and Technical 268

Wholesale Trade 276

Finance and Insurance 287

Information 1,026

2.5 Average Direct Emissions per Job in Each Region

The estimated energy consumption and greenhouse emissions per job are the same for

industries throughout the county, but there are substantial differences in the industry structure

of different regions, producing wide variation in the amount of energy consumed and

greenhouse gas released per job in different regions of the county. Figure A.1 in Appendix A is

a map of SCAG sub‐regions in Los Angeles County.

The highest energy consumption per job (1.1 terajoules) is in Metro Los Angeles, which is the

urban core of the region with a high concentration of manufacturing and utility establishments.

The South Bay Cities are next with 0.9 terajoules per job in 2011, as shown in Figure 20.

33

The lowest energy consumption per job is in Las Virgenes (Malibu sub‐region) and Arroyo

Verdugo (a small sub‐region made up of La Canada Flintridge and Montrose) with 0.08

terajoules consumed per job. This low level of energy consumption is attributable to industry

structures in these areas that are heavily tilted toward retail and services.

The pattern shifts with greenhouse gas emissions. The South Bay Cities are the regional hub for

petroleum refining and have the highest greenhouse gas emissions per job, as shown in Figure

21. This includes 71 metric tons of GHG per job from establishment activities and almost 3 tons

from customer trips.

Los Virgenes (Malibu) has a small, service‐based economy and the lowest emissions per job – 3

tons from establishment activities and almost 3 tons from customer trips.

A different pattern emerges for customer trip emissions. The highest level of emissions from

customer trips is in Arroyo‐Verdugo – 5.2 tons per job, followed by North Los Angeles County

with 3.7 tons per job. This is the result of industry structures in these sub‐regions that are

skewed toward retail and consumer service industries, including restaurants.

Figure 21: Metric Tons of GHG per Job from Establishment Activity and Customer Trips for Sub-regions of Los Angeles County, 2011

Source: Economic Roundtable calculation of direct GHG emissions. See Appendix A.3, A.5 for additional information.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Las Virgenes

Arroyo Verdugo

San Fernando Valley

Westside Cities

North Los Angeles County

San Gabriel Valley

Gateway Cities

Los Angeles County

Los Angeles City

Metro Los Angeles

South Bay Cities

Metric Tons of GHG per Job 2011

Establishment Activities Customer Gasoline

34

CHAPTER 3: Environmental and Economic Sustainability Trade-offs

3.1 Sustainability Benchmarks

The benchmarks used to rank industries and geographic areas are shown in Table 3.1 below.

Higher wages and lower GHG emissions are represented by higher scores (tier 5 – the best tier),

while lower wages and higher GHG emissions have lower scores (tier 1 – the worst tier).

The ranking benchmarks were derived by dividing Los Angeles County’s labor force in 2011

into wage quintiles, each with an equal number of employees, and also direct greenhouse gas

emission quintiles, each with an equal number of employees.

The greenhouse gas rankings include both direct establishment emissions and gasoline

emissions from customer trips per employee. Because of the importance of wage levels, the

social sustainability rankings in the following tables are based solely on this factor. Detailed

data about industry size and employment change is provided in Appendix C.

Industries and geographic sub‐regions are ranked twice – first based on greenhouse gas

emissions per job and second based on average wages. In many instances the ranking for

environmental sustainability differs from the ranking for wage sustainability. In the near‐term,

these rankings differences identify trade‐offs. In the long‐term, they identify sustainability

weaknesses that need to be improved to increase industry sustainability and long‐term

prospects for viability.

The ranking process uses average greenhouse gas emissions and wages to place industries

within interval categories that each represents equal numbers of workers. Consequently, a small

number of workers with high emissions per job or high wages sometimes skew the overall

average for a geographic area. This sometimes results in lowering the overall environmental

ranking or raising the wage ranking for a geographic area.

Table 3.1: Emission and Wage Benchmarks for Each Tier

Metric Tons of Direct GHG per Job 2011

(Establishment & Customer Gasoline) Average Annual Wage 2011

Tier Bottom of Tier Top of Tier Bottom of Tier Top of Tier

Best 5 0.00 0.49 $80,000 Highest

4 0.50 2.19 $55,600 $79,999

3 2.20 3.49 $47,000 $55,599

2 3.50 9.99 $30,500 $46,999

Worst 1 10.00 Highest $1 $30,499

35

3.2 Overall Geographic Ranking

3.2.1 Geographic Aggregation

This analysis uses employer data from the California Employment Development Department,

which provides establishment‐level employment and payroll data for every employer in Los

Angeles County from 1996 through 2011—a total of 1,011,707 employers. This information

provides a practical tool for evaluating trade‐offs to identify the most sustaining workforce

employment and job creation opportunities.

Information provided by these time‐series records includes the following information for the

approximately 400,000 employers that are active in Los Angeles County in any given year:

Figure 22: Nine SCAG Sub-regions in Los Angeles County

36

Address

Six‐digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

Monthly employment

Quarterly payroll

This highly disaggregated data is aggregated into the nine Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions shown in Figure 22. The sub‐region breakout groups

Burbank and Glendale with the San Fernando Valley, leaving only the small communities of La

Canada Flintridge and La Crescenta‐Montrose in the Arroyo Verdugo sub‐region.

Employment and payroll information was used to calculate average wages.15 Since the data is

establishment level administrative records rather than the worker level records, it supports

computation of average but not median wages. This constraint was not limiting ‐ average

industry wage was judged to be the best single measure of industry social sustainability.16

Factors for greenhouse gas emission for each industry from the California multi‐regional input‐

output (MRIO‐LCA) model and for gasoline emission from customer trips were linked to

employment at each establishment to estimate direct greenhouse gas emissions. The

methodology for these estimates was discussed in Chapter 2 and is explained in greater detail in

Appendix A.

Summary tables with rolled‐up rankings for each geographic area are shown in this chapter.

More detailed industry data aggregated at the three‐digit NAICS level for each of the nine

SCAG sub‐regions, and at the four‐digit NAICS level for Los Angeles City and County is

provided in Appendix C.

3.2.2 Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas in Los Angeles County

The city and county of Los Angeles and each of the nine SCAG sub‐regions are given overall

sustainability rankings in Table 3.2. All but two geographic areas have the lowest greenhouse

gas ranking (1), as a result of the skewing effect of high‐emission industries in each area.

However, there is wide variation within this “worst” ranking, ranging from 10.20 metric tons of

greenhouse gas emissions per job in the San Fernando Valley to 74.06 metric tons per job in the

15 In the ranking tables, employment numbers for sub‐regions and industries fall about 1 percent short of

total employment shown in each table for three reasons. First, a small number of establishments do not

have accurate address data, so they can not be assigned to a sub‐region. Second, if industries have five or

fewer establishments in a geographic area, data are suppressed. Third, establishemnts whose industry

classification is not determined are incuded in total employment but not in industry breakouts.

16To provide a consistent unit of measure of pay it was necessary to annualize worker earnings, yielding

data for average earnings. There is significant wage variation within industries – differences among

occupations and also differences among establishments and geographic areas. The average summarizes

the overall outcome from all of this polycentric variation. By using average earnings we are able to show

the overall effect of an industry on labor income in a community.

37

South Bay. Los Virgenes and Arroyo Verdugo, with most employment in service‐producing

industries and therefore fewer emissions per job, are in the second‐worst tier (2) for greenhouse

gas emissions.

The City of Los Angeles and four of the SCAG sub‐regions have average wage levels that place

them in the next to the highest tier (4) for wage sustainability. The county and the San Fernando

Valley are in the middle range (tier 3). Four sub‐regions are in the next to the lowest wage tier

(2): North Los Angeles County, Arroyo Verdugo, San Gabriel Valley, and Gateway Cities.

Table 3.2: Overall Ranking of Geographic Areas

Geographic Area

Em

plo

yme

nt

2011

An

nu

al A

vg

. Wa

ge,

20

11 $

Ave

rag

e W

ag

e

Ran

k

Est

ablis

hm

en

t D

irec

t M

T o

f G

HG

s P

er J

ob

20

11

Cu

sto

mer

Gas

olin

e M

T o

f G

HG

s P

er J

ob

20

11

Co

mb

ine

d M

etri

c T

on

s o

f G

HG

s P

er

Job

In

201

1

Gre

enh

ou

se G

as

Ran

k

Los Angeles County 3,954,626 $53,434 3 32.58 2.48 35.06 1

Los Angeles City 1,572,622 $57,512 4 42.62 2.40 45.02 1

San Fernando Valley 789,782 $51,266 3 7.79 2.41 10.20 1

North Los Angeles County 74,297 $40,241 2 11.37 3.66 15.03 1

Los Angeles Metro Area 1,121,339 $60,982 4 57.03 2.29 59.31 1

Arroyo Verdugo 9,108 $39,547 2 3.68 5.19 8.86 2

San Gabriel Valley 618,163 $44,434 2 18.64 2.77 21.41 1

Westside Cities 221,915 $72,979 4 9.39 2.34 11.73 1

South Bay Cities 360,558 $58,594 4 71.45 2.61 74.06 1

Gateway Cities 681,367 $43,099 2 26.03 2.50 28.53 1

Las Virgenes 42,168 $64,458 4 3.11 2.58 5.69 2

Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN; U.S. EIO-LCA model; SCAG; California Emissions Estimator Model; California Department of Motor Vehicles; California Air Resource Board; Argonne National Laboratory.

3.2.3 County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings

Sustainability rankings for all of the industries in Los Angeles at a high level of aggregation (for

more detailed information see Appendix C) are shown in Table 3.3. Most industries present

trade‐offs between environmental and wage sustainability strengths. Of the 46 industry

categories shown in Table 3.3, only 13 industries are in the same tier for both environmental and

wage rankings; 36 industries have different environmental and wage rankings.

3.2.3.1 Low Wage Industries

Seven industries that employ 29 percent of the labor force have average wages of thirty

thousand dollars a year or less. This average includes all workers in the industry, from manager

to janitors. To become socially sustainable these industries need to raise wage levels.

38

Restaurants and Bars $17,905

Other Services (personal and repair services) $24,673

Employment Services (temporary employment agencies) $27,294

Agriculture, Forestry $28,803

Nursing Care Facilities $29,945

Hotels $30,069

Retail Trade $30,586

Four of these seven very‐low‐wage industries are in the lowest two quintiles based on

greenhouse gas impacts and thus are doubly challenged to both raise wages and reduce

emissions. These four industries are restaurants and bars, agriculture and forestry, hotels, and

retail trade. The other three industries have average or above average greenhouse gas rankings

– nursing care (tier 3) other services (tier 4) and employment services (tier 5).

3.2.3.4 Low Wage, High Emission Industries

Nine industries are in the first or second tier for both greenhouse gas emissions and wages.

Average annual wages and greenhouse gas emissions per job are:

Restaurants and Bars $17,905 15.56 metric tons

Agriculture, Forestry $28,803 35.66 metric tons

Hotels $30,069 6.31 metric tons

Retail Trade $30,586 7.19 metric tons

Sightseeing Transportation $32,188 10.75 metric tons

Bakeries $33,692 4.56 metric tons

Food and Apparel Manufacturing $39,369 4.5 metric tons

Passenger Transit $39,697 127.14 metric tons

Truck Transportation $41,948 343.18 metric tons

Couriers $43,899 214.61 metric tons

Four of these nine industries were flagged earlier because of their low wages. Many low wage

industries have adverse environmental impacts in addition to adverse social impacts. To

become sustainable these industries are challenged to both raise wages and decrease

greenhouse gas emissions.

Table 3.3: County of Los Angeles Industry Rankings

Industry Group Title (NAICS)

Em

ploy

men

t 20

11

Ann

ual A

vg. W

age,

20

11 $

Avg

. Wag

e Q

uint

ile

Ran

king

Est

ablis

hmen

t D

irect

MT

of

GH

Gs

Per

Job

201

1

Cus

tom

er G

asol

ine

MT

of G

HG

s P

er

Job

2011

Com

bine

d M

etric

T

ons

of G

HG

s P

er

Job

In 2

011

GH

G Q

uint

ile

Ran

king

Agriculture, Forestry (11) 5,793 $28,803 1 35.66 0.00 35.66 1

Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) 4,250 $155,719 5 277.54 0.00 277.54 1

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Electric Power Gen. & Trans. (2211) 16,560 $109,316 5 1,439.43 0.00 1,439.43 1

Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 5,043 $83,114 5 393.89 0.00 393.89 1

Water, Sewage & Other Systems (2213) 7,641 $80,467 5 221.96 0.00 221.96 1

Construction (23) 108,717 $53,346 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5

Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 89,798 $39,369 2 4.50 0.00 4.50 2

Bakeries (3118) 15,620 $33,692 2 3.56 1.00 4.56 2

Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) 64,497 $48,023 3 14.30 0.00 14.30 1

Petroleum Refining (324) 4,127 $109,796 5 12,274.62 0.00 12,274.62 1

Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 198,084 $69,659 4 2.17 0.00 2.17 4

Wholesale Trade (42) 210,917 $55,522 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 398,253 $30,586 2 0.14 7.04 7.19 2

Air Transportation (481) 18,161 $63,078 4 1,442.02 2.17 1,444.19 1

Water Transportation (483) 3,026 $64,775 4 76.18 0.49 76.67 1

Truck Transportation (484) 25,632 $41,948 2 343.18 0.00 343.18 1

Passenger Transit (485) 20,896 $39,697 2 126.82 0.32 127.14 1

Pipeline Transportation (486) 608 $101,644 5 136.52 0.00 136.52 1

Sightseeing Transportation (487) 1,114 $32,188 2 10.13 0.63 10.75 1

Support Activities for Transp. (488) 46,981 $61,518 4 9.93 0.02 9.95 2

Postal Service (491) 18,873 $60,054 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 18,547 $43,899 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 16,189 $47,108 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2

Motion Picture & Video (5121) 119,091 $95,311 5 0.01 0.47 0.48 5

Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 79,252 $92,446 5 0.11 0.40 0.50 4

Finance & Insurance (52) 142,749 $95,708 5 0.05 4.22 4.27 2

Rental & Leasing (53) 73,682 $52,917 3 0.26 1.02 1.28 4

Legal Services (5411) 47,920 $104,859 5 0.07 0.26 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 40,712 $67,929 4 0.07 0.17 0.25 5

Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 36,299 $107,039 5 0.08 0.24 0.31 5

Specialized Design Srv (5414) 8,275 $66,661 4 0.05 0.05 0.10 5

Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 14,996 $46,015 2 0.13 1.15 1.28 4

Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 114,292 $85,388 5 0.15 0.00 0.15 5

Holding Companies (55) 55,162 $94,513 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 5

Employment Services (5613) 89,580 $27,294 1 0.04 0.23 0.28 5

Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 15,356 $37,700 2 0.13 2.31 2.45 3

Travel Agencies (5615) 8,086 $49,692 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2

Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 128,127 $36,665 2 3.21 0.14 3.35 3

Educational Services (61) 356,462 $49,847 3 0.97 1.24 2.21 3

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Ambulatory Health Care (621) 182,500 $55,646 4 0.48 1.87 2.35 3

Hospitals (622) 148,221 $67,255 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4

Nursing Care Facilities (623) 70,905 $29,945 1 2.10 0.95 3.05 3

Social Assistance (624) 68,746 $32,501 2 0.52 0.90 1.42 4

Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 79,990 $90,194 5 0.22 2.08 2.30 3

Hotels (721) 40,880 $30,069 1 4.00 2.31 6.31 2

Restaurants & Bars (722) 295,488 $17,905 1 2.10 13.46 15.56 1

Other Services (81) 261,112 $24,673 1 0.88 1.25 2.14 4

Public Administration (92) 156,543 $75,290 4 15.27 1.48 16.75 1

Total 3,954,626 $53,434 3 32.58 2.48 35.06 1


3.2.3.2 Very High Emission Industries

Ten industries have 100 or more metric tons of direct greenhouse gas emissions per employee

per year from establishment activities and customer trips.

Petroleum Refining 12,275 metric tons

Air Transportation 1,444 metric tons

Electric Power Generation and Distribution 1,439 metric tons

Natural Gas Distribution 394 metric tons

Truck Transportation 343 metric tons

Mining, Petroleum Extraction 278 metric tons

Water, Sewage and Other Systems 222 metric tons

Couriers 215 metric tons

Pipeline Transportation 137 metric tons

Passenger Transit 127 metric tons

These very‐high‐emission industries provide energy and transportation for the entire industry

structure of the region. These services are indispensable for the economy; however these ten

industries are estimated to produce over 90 percent of all direct greenhouse gas emissions

released by industries in Los Angeles County. Progress toward environmental sustainability

requires improved technologies and industry processes for producing electricity and petroleum

and for moving people and goods much more efficiently and with much less dependence on

fossil fuels.

A strength of these industries is that seven of them pay above average wages. The three surface

transportation industries, truck transportation, couriers and passenger transit pay below

41

average wages and are in tier 2. Air transportation is in wage tier 4, paying above average

wages. And five of the industries are in the highest wage tier (5): petroleum refining, electric

power generation and distribution, natural gas distribution, mining and petroleum extraction,

water and sewage systems, and pipeline transportation.

3.2.3.3 High Wage, Low Emission Industries

Ten industries are in the fourth or fifth tier for both greenhouse gas emissions and wages.

Average annual wages and greenhouse gas emissions per job are:

Architecture and Engineering Services $107,039 0.31 metric tons

Legal Services $102,049 0.34 metric tons

Motion Picture and Video $95,311 0.48 metric tons

Holding Companies $94,513 0.00 metric tons

Information (ex. Motion Pictures) $92,446 0.50 metric tons

Other Prof., Scientific, and Tech. Services $85,388 0.15 metric tons

Metal & Other Durable Manufacturing $69,659 2.17 metric tons

Accounting $67,929 0.25 metric tons

Hospitals $67,255 1.62 metric tons

Specialized Design Services $66,661 0.10 metric tons

These nine service‐producing and one goods‐producing industries pay high wages and have a

light environmental footprint. Many jobs in these industries require post‐graduate education,

making them inaccessible to a large share of the labor force.

While these industries are both socially and environmentally sustainable when seen

individually, all are dependent on supplier chains that include at least some energy‐intensive

vendors as well as the energy‐intensive transportation sector. The long‐term sustainability of

these industries is dependent on cleaner sources of energy and higher levels of value added to

the economy per unit of energy consumed.

This sustainability profile for Los Angeles County provides a baseline of comparison for smaller

geographic areas within the county. The following sections provide profiles for the City of Los

Angeles and the nine Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions in

the county.17

17 Tabless 3.3 through 3.13 demonstrate aggregate payroll data from each establishment, thereby

providing distinct industry wage profiles for each geographic area. In contrast, greenhouse gas emission

factors for each industry are consistent across the county (see Chapter 2 and Appendix A for more

detailed information). However, because Tables 3.3 through 3.13 show rolled‐up industry categories,

there is variation across geographic areas in the amount of emissions shown per job in the same rolled‐up

industry because of differences in the underlying, finer‐grained industry structures of different

geographic areas.

42

3.2.4 City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings

The City of Los Angeles has higher average wages than the county ($57,512 vs. $53,434) but also

higher average emissions per job (45.02 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of

somewhat greater social sustainability but somewhat less environmental sustainability in its

industry base. The city’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.4.

3.2.4.1 Wage Profile

Eight industries are in a higher wage tier in the city than in the county because the average pay

is higher (agriculture and forestry; support activities for transportation; couriers; veterinary and

other professional services; employment services; travel agencies; nursing care facilities; and

hotels), and one industry is in a lower wage tier (sightseeing transportation).

Average wages in the city are also boosted by a much higher concentration of government jobs

and a somewhat higher concentration of financial sector jobs. The share of the city labor force is

greater than the share of the county labor force in:

Public Administration 60 percent larger share

Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 12 percent larger share

3.2.4.2 Emissions Profile

Compared to the county, the city has a significantly larger share of employment concentrated in

three high emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is higher

than the county. The share of the city labor force is greater than the share of the county labor

force in:

Air Transportation 118 percent greater share

Electric Power Generation and Transmission 40 percent greater share

Couriers 33 percent greater share

3.2.4.3 Alignment of Wage and Emission Rankings

Compared to the county, the city has a larger share of employment concentrated in high‐wage

industries, two of which are also high‐emission industries. The share of the city labor force is

greater than the share of the county labor force in:

Air Transportation 118 percent greater share

Legal Services 74 percent greater share

Public Administration 60 percent greater share

Electric Power Generation and Transmission 40 percent greater share

Accounting 38 percent greater share

Table 3.4: City of Los Angeles Industry Rankings

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Electric Power Gen. & Trans. (2211) 9,193 $109,356 5 1,439.43 0.00 1,439.43 1

Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 2,150 $97,657 5 393.89 0.00 393.89 1

Water, Sewage & Other Systems (2213) 2,285 $87,091 5 222.42 0.00 222.42 1

Construction (23) 35,990 $48,517 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5


Bakeries (3118) 5,485 $32,090 2 3.48 1.13 4.61 2




Wholesale Trade (42) 68,661 $52,939 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 137,368 $31,712 2 0.14 7.12 7.27 2


Water Transportation (483) 923 $61,559 4 76.18 0.42 76.60 1




Sightseeing Transportation (487) 289 $27,166 1 10.40 0.63 11.02 1


Postal Service (491) 6,850 $60,404 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 9,785 $47,916 3 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 1,981 $53,182 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2


Information, ex. Motion Picture & Video (51) 36,619 $95,072 5 0.11 0.51 0.63 4


Rental & Leasing (53) 33,781 $55,113 3 0.26 0.98 1.23 4

Legal Services (5411) 33,122 $112,388 5 0.07 0.27 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 22,352 $69,098 4 0.07 0.17 0.24 5








Travel Agencies (5615) 3,284 $58,813 4 3.36 0.27 3.63 2

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Hospitals (622) 62,755 $67,529 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4




Hotels (721) 16,892 $31,462 2 4.01 2.30 6.31 2


Other Services (81) 118,868 $27,086 1 0.95 1.13 2.07 4


Total 1,572,622 $57,512 4 42.62 2.40 45.02 1


3.2.5 San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings

The San Fernando Valley sub‐region, which also includes the Santa Clarita Valley, Burbank and

Glendale, has lower average wages than the county ($51,266 vs. $53,434) and also lower average

emissions per job (10.20 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat less

social sustainability and somewhat greater environmental sustainability in its industry base.

The San Fernando Valley’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.5.


Average wages in the San Fernando Valley are shaped by a much higher concentration of

motion picture and video jobs, a somewhat higher concentration of construction, accounting

and durable manufacturing jobs, and a lower share of education, wholesale, hospital, hotel and

government jobs. The industry distribution of the San Fernando Valley labor force differs from

the industry distribution of the county labor force in:

Motion Picture and Video (wage tier 5) 242 percent larger share

Construction (wage tier 2) 36 percent larger share

Accounting (wage tier 5) 22 percent larger share

Metal and Other Durable Mfg. (wage tier 4) 17 percent larger share

Educational Services (wage tier 2) 23 percent smaller share

Wholesale Trade (wage tier 4) 29 percent smaller share

Hospitals (wage tier 4) 31 percent smaller share

45

Hotels (wage tier 1) 54 percent smaller share

Public Administration (wage tier 4) 85 percent smaller share


Compared to the county, the San Fernando Valley has a significantly smaller share of

employment concentrated in very‐high emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐

per‐job profile that is lower than the county. The industry distribution of the San Fernando

Valley labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in:

Motion Pictures and Video (GHG tier 5) 242 percent larger share

Accounting (GHG tier 5) 22 percent larger share

Information ex. Motion Pictures (GHG tier 5) 8 percent larger share

Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) 55 percent smaller share

Air Transportation (GHG tier 1) 66 percent smaller share

Utilities (GHG tier 1 67 percent smaller share


Compared to the county, the San Fernando Valley has a smaller share of employment

concentrated in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental

sustainability rankings. The valley’s signature industry, motion pictures and video, is in the

fifth tier in both wage and greenhouse gas rankings. High‐emission, high‐wage industries such

as petroleum refining, utilities and air transportation are under‐represented in the valley.

Table 3.5: San Fernando Valley Industry Rankings


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Agriculture, Forestry (11) 657 $31,161 2 31.68 0.00 31.68 1

Mining, Petroleum Extraction (21) 115 $82,156 5 90.03 0.00 90.03 1

Utilities (22) 1,915 $89,377 5 788.12 0.00 788.12 1

Construction (23) 29,433 $46,854 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5


Bakeries (3118) 2,487 $28,362 1 3.45 1.63 5.09 2



Wholesale Trade (42) 29,706 $58,421 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 88,272 $30,117 1 0.14 7.03 7.17 2





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Postal Service (491) 3,854 $59,802 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 2,884 $41,247 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 769 $49,250 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2




Rental & Leasing (53) 17,136 $47,901 3 0.29 1.20 1.49 4

Legal Services (5411) 7,554 $72,047 4 0.07 0.25 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 9,960 $82,055 5 0.07 0.16 0.24 5








Travel Agencies (5615) 2,039 $52,108 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Hospitals (622) 20,533 $63,650 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4




Hotels (721) 3,739 $26,987 1 4.00 2.23 6.23 2


Other Services (81) 57,114 $20,818 1 0.70 1.25 1.95 4


Total 789,782 $51,266 3 7.79 2.41 10.20 1


3.2.6 North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings

North Los Angeles County, which is comprised of the Antelope Valley, has much lower average

wages than the county ($40,241 vs. $53,434) and also much lower average emissions per job

47

(15.03 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of less social sustainability but

greater environmental sustainability in its industry base. The North County’s sustainability

rankings are shown in Table 3.6.


Average wages in the North County are shaped by low representation in knowledge‐ and

capital‐intensive industries, and high representation in warehousing, durable manufacturing

and retail industries. The industry distribution of the North County labor force differs from the

industry distribution of the county labor force in:

Warehousing (wage tier 2) 275 percent larger share


Retail trade (wage tier 1) 65 percent larger share

Educational Services (wage tier 2) 47 percent larger share

Ambulatory Health Care (wage tier 4) 45 percent larger share



Compared to the county, the North County has a significantly larger share of employment

concentrated in low‐emission industries, and almost no employment in very‐high‐emission

industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is significantly lower. The

industry distribution of the North County labor force differs from the industry distribution of

the county labor force in:

Metal and Other Durable Mfg. (GHG tier 4) 96 percent larger share

Restaurants and Bars (GHG tier 1) 20 percent larger share



Compared to the county, the North County has a smaller share of employment concentrated in

industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental sustainability

rankings. The North County’s signature industries, warehousing, durable manufacturing and

retail trade, each have similar wage and greenhouse gas rankings. Very‐high‐emission, high

wage industries such as petroleum refining, electric power generation and air transportation

have almost no presence in the North County.

Table 3.6: North Los Angeles County Industry Rankings

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Utilities (22) 609 $86,103 5 741.58 0.00 741.58 1

Construction (23) 2,879 $46,154 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5

Food & Apparel Manufacturing (31) 111 $33,530 2 3.47 0.00 3.47 3

Bakeries (3118) 20 $45,283 2 3.44 2.57 6.01 2

Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (32) 576 $37,034 2 1.98 0.00 1.98 4


Wholesale Trade (42) 1,061 $39,428 2 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 12,345 $23,364 1 0.15 7.50 7.64 2

Truck Transportation (484) 296 $28,914 1 343.18 0.00 343.18 1

Passenger Transit (485) 553 $28,252 1 126.82 0.25 127.07 1

Support Activities for Transp. (488) 129 $34,878 2 11.58 0.11 11.69 1

Postal Service (491) 303 $57,019 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 273 $37,953 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 1,140 $42,477 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2

Motion Picture & Video (5121) 179 $15,931 1 0.01 11.03 11.04 1

Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 573 $48,917 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5


Rental & Leasing (53) 827 $29,912 1 0.21 0.84 1.05 4

Legal Services (5411) 215 $52,433 3 0.07 0.27 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 261 $24,274 1 0.07 0.26 0.33 5

Arch. & Engineering Srv. (5413) 244 $60,290 4 0.08 0.23 0.31 5

Veterinary & Other Prof Srv. (5419) 389 $23,926 1 0.13 1.23 1.36 4

Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 621 $48,197 3 0.13 0.00 0.13 5

Holding Companies (55) 135 $58,879 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 5

Employment Services (5613) 210 $22,962 1 0.04 0.27 0.31 5

Document Copying & Mail Srv. (5614) 453 $27,393 1 0.13 1.86 2.00 4

Travel Agencies (5615) 57 $38,529 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Hospitals (622) 3,273 $61,304 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4



Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 801 $20,420 1 0.23 2.57 2.80 3

Hotels (721) 948 $24,210 1 3.86 2.42 6.28 2


Other Services (81) 4,651 $17,470 1 0.53 1.08 1.61 4

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Total 74,297 $40,241 2 11.37 3.66 15.03 1


3.2.7 Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings

The Los Angeles Metro sub‐region, which is the City of Los Angeles without the San Fernando

Valley, has higher average wages than the county ($60,982 vs. $53,434) and also higher average

emissions per job (59.31 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile that is somewhat

more socially sustainable but let environmentally sustainable than the county. Los Angeles

Metro’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.7.


Average wages in Los Angeles Metro are shaped by strong representation in high‐wage

industries, some of which are also high‐emission industries. The industry distribution of Los

Angeles Metro’s labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in:

Air Transportation (wage tier 4) 194 percent larger share

Public Administration (wage tier 4) 134 percent larger share

Legal Services (wage tier 5) 104 percent larger share

Utilities (wage tier 5) 58 percent larger share

Accounting (wage tier 4) 47 percent larger share

Construction (wage tier 3) 44 percent smaller share

Wood, Chem., Plastic, Cement Mfg. (wage tier 3) 51 percent smaller share

Truck Transportation (wage tier 2) 52 percent smaller share

Warehousing (wage tier 3) 65 percent smaller share


Compared to the county, Los Angeles Metro has a significantly larger share of employment

concentrated in high‐emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is

higher than the county. The industry distribution of Los Angeles Metro’s labor force differs

from the industry distribution of the county labor force in:

Air Transportation (GHG tier 1) 194 percent larger share

Public Administration (GHG tier 1) 134 percent larger share

Utilities (GHG tier 1) 58 percent larger share

Couriers (GHG tier 1) 37 percent larger share

50

Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1) 19 percent larger share


Compared to the county, Los Angeles Metro has a larger share of employment concentrated in

industries with both high wages and high emissions. The industry distribution of the city labor

force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in:

Air Transportation (GHG tier 1, wage tier 4) 194 percent larger share

Public Administration (GHG tier 1, wage tier 4 134 percent larger share

Utilities (GHG tier 1, wage tier 5) 58 percent larger share

Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1, wage tier 5) 19 percent larger share

Table 3.7: Los Angeles Metro Industry Rankings


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Utilities (22) 13,066 $104,758 5 1,099.88 0.00 1,099.88 1

Construction (23) 17,244 $55,426 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5


Bakeries (3118) 4,343 $32,149 2 3.42 1.18 4.60 2




Wholesale Trade (42) 48,473 $51,215 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 79,769 $32,371 2 0.14 7.08 7.23 2








Postal Service (491) 5,016 $60,540 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 7,229 $49,811 3 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 1,621 $53,850 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2




51


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Rental & Leasing (53) 22,283 $60,990 4 0.28 0.91 1.18 4

Legal Services (5411) 27,730 $119,882 5 0.07 0.27 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 17,008 $71,154 4 0.07 0.15 0.22 5








Travel Agencies (5615) 2,065 $61,918 4 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Hospitals (622) 50,973 $68,035 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4




Hotels (721) 14,703 $31,775 2 4.01 2.29 6.31 2


Other Services (81) 85,139 $28,939 1 1.03 1.07 2.10 4


Total 1,121,339 $60,982 4 57.03 2.29 59.31 1


3.2.8 Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings

The Arroyo Verdugo sub‐region, which consists of La Crescenta‐Montrose and La Canada

Flintridge, has much lower average wages than the county ($39,547 vs. $53,434) and also much

lower average emissions per job (8.86 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of

somewhat less social sustainability and somewhat greater environmental sustainability in its

industry base. Arroyo Verdugo’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.8.

52


The industry structure of Arroyo Verdugo is concentrated in four industries that pay average or

below average wages. The industry distribution of Arroyo Verdugo’s labor force differs from


Educational Services (wage tier 3) 111 percent larger share

Restaurants and Bars (wage tier 1) 91 percent larger share

Other (personal and repair) Services (wage tier 1) 47 percent larger share

Retail Trade (wage tier 1) 45 percent larger share


There is very little presence of extractive, transportation or utility industries in Arroyo Verdugo,

resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is very low compared to the county.


Compared to the county, the Arroyo Verdugo has a smaller share of employment concentrated

in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental

sustainability rankings. Very‐high‐emission, high‐wage industries have almost no presence in

Arroyo Verdugo.

Table 3.8: Arroyo Verdugo Industry Rankings


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Utilities (22) 63 $76,902 4 258.59 0.00 258.59 1

Construction (23) 409 $40,972 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5



Metal & Other Durable Mfg. (33) 34 $44,488 2 0.88 0.00 0.88 4

Wholesale Trade (42) 188 $67,337 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 1,330 $23,830 1 0.14 6.74 6.89 2





Information, ex. Motion Pictures & Video (51) 127 $55,175 3 0.12 0.00 0.12 5

Finance & Insurance (52) 326 $58,100 4 0.07 6.33 6.40 2

Rental & Leasing (53) 196 $45,509 2 0.21 1.52 1.72 4

Accounting (5412) 50 $41,374 2 0.07 0.27 0.34 5


53


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Specialized Design Srv (5414) 25 $58,984 4 0.05 0.03 0.08 5


Other Prof., Sci., & Tech. Svc. (54) 257 $53,127 3 0.13 0.00 0.13 5



Travel Agencies (5615) 49 $48,598 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2

Other Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. (56) 101 $38,069 2 0.18 0.10 0.28 5


Ambulatory Health Care (621) 454 $62,698 4 0.37 2.02 2.39 3

Nursing Care Facilities (623) 64 $17,497 1 2.10 0.63 2.74 3

Social Assistance (624) 319 $23,199 1 0.34 1.72 2.05 4

Arts, Entertainment, & Rec. (71) 259 $49,994 3 0.36 2.61 2.97 3


Other Services (81) 886 $17,455 1 1.66 2.75 4.41 2

Total 9,108 $39,547 2 3.68 5.19 8.86 2


3.2.9 San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings

The San Gabriel Valley has lower average wages than the county ($44,434 vs. $53,434) and also

lower average emissions per job (21.41 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of

somewhat less social sustainability and somewhat greater environmental sustainability in its

industry base. The valley’s sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.9.


Average wages in the San Gabriel Valley’s large economy are shaped by a mix of strongly

represented industries with differing of income levels. The overall outcome is an average

income that is nearly ten percent lower than in the county. The industry distribution of the San

Gabriel Valley labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in:

Utilities (wage tier 5) 89 percent larger share


Nursing Care Facilities (wage tier 1) 58 percent larger share

Agriculture, Forestry (wage tier 1) 45 percent larger share

Holding Companies (wage tier 5) 36 percent larger share

Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (wage tier 2) 31 percent larger share

Finance and Insurance (wage tier 4) 30 percent larger share

54


Wholesale Trade (wage tier 3) 24 percent larger share

Architecture and Engineering Services (wage tier 5) 19 percent larger share

Ambulatory Health Care (wage tier 3) 17 percent larger share

Truck Transportation (wage tier 2) 15 percent larger share



Compared to the county, the San Gabriel Valley has a significantly smaller share of employment

concentrated in very‐high‐emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile

that is lower than the county. The industry distribution of the valley labor force differs from the

industry distribution of the county labor force in:


Petroleum Refining (GHG tier 1) 83 percent smaller share

Public Administration (GHG tier 1) 54 percent smaller share

Couriers (GHG tier 1) 40 percent smaller share

Hotels (GHG tier 2) 30 percent smaller share


Compared to the county, the San Gabriel Valley has a smaller share of employment

concentrated in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental

sustainability rankings. The only significant exception is utilities, which while strongly

represented in the valley, accounts for only one percent of total employment.

Table 3.9: San Gabriel Valley Industry Rankings


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Utilities (22) 8,624 $97,428 5 879.98 0.00 879.98 1

Construction (23) 21,960 $56,313 4 0.07 0.00 0.07 5


Bakeries (3118) 1,729 $25,934 1 3.74 1.07 4.82 2


Petroleum Refining (324) 111 $82,882 5 3,497.08 0.00 3,497.08 1


Wholesale Trade (42) 40,858 $48,722 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 71,145 $27,920 1 0.15 7.21 7.36 2

Air Transportation (481) 48 $47,950 3 1,441.92 2.22 1,444.15 1

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Postal Service (491) 3,288 $60,824 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 1,739 $43,839 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 4,029 $44,090 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2




Rental & Leasing (53) 8,846 $38,357 2 0.21 1.09 1.30 4

Legal Services (5411) 3,645 $64,574 4 0.07 0.27 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 4,572 $43,530 2 0.07 0.24 0.31 5








Travel Agencies (5615) 1,399 $33,070 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Hospitals (622) 24,453 $62,139 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4




Hotels (721) 4,478 $26,274 1 4.00 2.30 6.30 2


Other Services (81) 38,233 $22,647 1 0.92 1.41 2.33 3


Total 618,163 $44,434 2 18.64 2.77 21.41 1


56

3.2.10 Westside Cities Industry Rankings

The Westside Cities (which do not include the western portion of the City of Los Angeles) have

higher average wages than the county ($72,979 vs. $53,434) and much lower average emissions

per job (11.73 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of greater social and

environmental sustainability in its industry base. The Westside City’s sustainability rankings

are shown in Table 3.10.


Average wages in the Westside Cities are shaped by a much higher concentration of

knowledge‐intensive industries as well as leisure and recreation industries. The industry

distribution of the Westside labor force differs from the industry distribution of the county

labor force in:

Hotels (wage tier 2) 288 percent greater share

Specialized Design Services (wage tier 5) 162 percent greater share

Motion Picture and Video (wage tier 5) 111 percent greater share

Information, ex. Motion Pictures (wage tier 5) 81 percent greater share

Hospitals (wage tier 5) 79 percent greater share

Other Prof., Sci., and Tech. Services (wage tier 5) 77 percent greater share

Rental and Leasing (wage tier 4) 74 percent greater share

Accounting (wage tier 4) 63 percent greater share

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (wage tier 5) 56 percent greater share

Legal Services (wage tier 5) 46 percent greater share

Veterinary and Other Prof Services (wage tier 4) 43 percent greater share

Restaurants and Bars (wage tier 1) 36 percent greater share


Compared to the county, the Westside Cities have a significantly smaller share of employment

concentrated in very‐high‐emission industries, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile

that is much lower than the county. The industry distribution of the Westside labor force differs

from the industry distribution of the county labor force in:


Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (GHG tier 1) 80 percent smaller share

Utilities (GHG tier 1) 68 percent smaller share

Couriers (GHG tier 1) 62 percent smaller share

Mining, Petroleum Extraction (GHG tier 1) 59 percent smaller share



57


Compared to the county, the Westside Cities have a smaller share of employment concentrated

in industries where there is extreme divergence between social and environmental

sustainability rankings. The only significant exception is petroleum refining, which is not

shown in Table 3.10 due to data suppression because of the small number of establishments, but

which is included in overall Westside results.

Table 3.10: Westside Cities Industry Rankings


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Utilities (22) 527 $77,508 4 571.19 0.00 571.19 1

Construction (23) 3,090 $65,491 4 0.08 0.00 0.08 5


Bakeries (3118) 195 $19,522 1 3.02 1.64 4.66 2



Wholesale Trade (42) 7,065 $79,969 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 24,732 $39,140 2 0.13 5.85 5.98 2







Postal Service (491) 650 $62,248 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 399 $41,915 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 39 $37,888 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2




Rental & Leasing (53) 7,177 $66,366 4 0.29 0.68 0.97 4

Legal Services (5411) 3,913 $139,710 5 0.07 0.26 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 3,729 $78,210 4 0.07 0.13 0.20 5






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Travel Agencies (5615) 501 $55,248 3 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Hospitals (622) 14,903 $99,793 5 0.49 1.13 1.62 4




Hotels (721) 8,899 $36,020 2 4.01 2.29 6.30 2


Other Services (81) 15,232 $30,916 2 0.97 1.61 2.58 3


Total 221,915 $72,979 4 9.39 2.34 11.73 1


3.2.11 South Bay Cities Industry Rankings

The South Bay Cities have higher average wages than the county ($58,594 vs. $53,434) and also

higher average emissions per job (74.06 vs. 35.06 metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of

somewhat greater social sustainability and somewhat less environmental sustainability in its

industry base. The South Bay Cities’ sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.11.


Average wages in the South Bay are shaped by a higher concentration of knowledge – and

capital‐intensive industries. The industry distribution of the South Bay labor force differs from


Petroleum Refining (wage tier 5) 259 percent larger share

Mining, Petroleum Extraction (wage tier 5) 243 percent larger share

Arch. and Engineering Srv. (wage tier 5) 181 percent larger share


Travel Agencies (wage tier 2) 61 percent larger share


Other Prof., Sci., and Tech. Svc. (wage tier 5) 52 percent larger share

Holding Companies (wage tier 5) 49 percent larger share

59

Support Activities for Transp. (wage tier 3) 48 percent larger share

Employment Services (wage tier 1) 35 percent larger share



Compared to the county, the South Bay has a mix of over‐ and under‐representation in very‐

high‐emission industries. The exceptionally high concentration of petroleum refining activities

overshadows lower concentrations in other industries, resulting in an overall emissions profile

that is significantly higher than the county. The industry distribution of the South Bay labor



Mining, Petroleum Extraction (GHG tier 1) 243 percent larger share

Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) 34 percent larger share


Utilities (GHG tier 1) 71 percent smaller share


Compared to the county, the South Bay has a larger share of employment concentrated in

petroleum extraction and refining. These high‐wage, very‐high‐emission industries have

divergent sustainability profile, providing high wages at a very high environmental cost. The

other area of divergence is a high concentration of temporary jobs in the employment services

industry, which is in the worst wage tier but the best greenhouse gas tier.

Table 3.11: South Bay Cities Industry Rankings


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Utilities (22) 775 $88,990 5 699.69 0.00 699.69 1

Construction (23) 9,468 $52,929 3 0.08 0.00 0.08 5


Bakeries (3118) 1,136 $40,005 2 3.80 0.75 4.55 2




Wholesale Trade (42) 18,934 $66,476 4 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 40,404 $33,085 2 0.15 7.31 7.46 2



60






Postal Service (491) 1,914 $60,563 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 1,899 $40,692 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 2,316 $46,519 2 3.89 0.00 3.89 2




Rental & Leasing (53) 6,703 $54,377 3 0.23 1.22 1.45 4

Legal Services (5411) 1,239 $75,637 4 0.07 0.26 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 1,774 $47,697 3 0.07 0.25 0.32 5








Travel Agencies (5615) 1,189 $44,940 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Hospitals (622) 10,000 $55,631 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4




Hotels (721) 2,884 $24,006 1 4.00 2.31 6.31 2


Other Services (81) 16,229 $23,216 1 0.89 1.53 2.42 3


Total 360,558 $58,594 4 71.45 2.61 74.06 1


3.2.12 Gateway Cities Industry Rankings

The Gateway Cities, which include Long Beach and Signal Hill, have higher average wages than

the county ($43,099 vs. $53,434) and lower average emissions per job (28.53 vs. 35.06 metric

tons), resulting in an overall profile of somewhat reduced social sustainability and somewhat

61

greater environmental sustainability in its industry base. The Gateway Cities’ sustainability

rankings are shown in Table 3.12.


Average wages in the Gateway Cities are shaped by a higher concentration of jobs in low‐wage

service and distribution industries. The industry distribution of the Gateway Cities labor force

differs from the industry distribution of the county labor force in:


Food and Apparel Manufacturing (wage tier 2) 101 percent larger share

Employment Services (wage tier 1) 78 percent larger share

Wholesale Trade (wage tier 3) 68 percent larger share




Compared to the county, the Gateway Cities have a significantly larger share of employment

concentrated in four high emission industries, with petroleum refining playing a particularly

large role in skewing average emissions upward, resulting in an overall emissions‐per‐job

profile that is higher than the county. The industry distribution of the Gateway Cities labor


Truck Transportation (GHG tier 1) 166 percent larger share

Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. (GHG tier 1) 85 percent larger share

Mining, Petroleum Extraction (GHG tier 1) 73 percent larger share



Compared to the county, the Gateway Cities have a larger share of employment concentrated in

petroleum extraction and refining. These high‐wage, very‐high‐emission industries have

divergent sustainability profile, providing high wages at a very high environmental cost. The

other area of divergence is a high concentration of temporary jobs in the Employment Services

industry, which is in the worst wage tier but the best greenhouse gas tier.

Table 3.12: Gateway Cities Industry Rankings


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Utilities (22) 3,552 $80,709 5 762.87 0.00 762.87 1

Construction (23) 21,536 $57,713 4 0.07 0.00 0.07 5


Bakeries (3118) 5,151 $39,153 2 3.68 0.62 4.30 2




Wholesale Trade (42) 61,044 $55,124 3 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 75,455 $28,636 1 0.14 6.99 7.13 2








Postal Service (491) 3,694 $58,648 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2

Couriers (492) 4,079 $37,236 2 210.86 3.75 214.61 1

Warehousing (493) 6,242 $48,068 3 3.89 0.00 3.89 2




Rental & Leasing (53) 8,957 $46,188 2 0.18 1.06 1.24 4

Legal Services (5411) 2,890 $71,568 4 0.07 0.26 0.34 5

Accounting (5412) 2,944 $43,822 2 0.07 0.23 0.30 5








Travel Agencies (5615) 671 $40,893 2 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Hospitals (622) 24,066 $59,389 4 0.49 1.13 1.62 4


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Hotels (721) 4,506 $24,758 1 4.01 2.42 6.43 2


Other Services (81) 37,303 $23,213 1 0.87 1.34 2.21 3


Total 681,367 $43,099 2 26.03 2.50 28.53 1


3.2.13 Las Virgenes Industry Rankings

Las Virgenes, which is comprised principally of the City of Malibu, has higher average wages

than the county ($64,458 vs. $53,434) and much lower average emissions per job (5.69 vs. 35.06

metric tons), resulting in an overall profile of greater social and environmental sustainability in

its industry base. Las Virgenes’ sustainability rankings are shown in Table 3.13.


Average wages in Las Virgenes are shaped by a service oriented economy with no extractive

industries and very little representation of manufacturing or transportation industries. The

industry distribution of the Las Virgenes labor force differs from the industry distribution of the

county labor force in:

Veterinary and Other Prof Srv. (wage tier 2) 457 percent larger share

Finance and Insurance (wage tier 5) 210 percent larger share

Prof., Sci., and Tech. Services (wage tier 5) 143 percent larger share

Information, ex. Motion Pictures (wage tier 5) 122 percent larger share

Architecture and Engineering (wage tier 4) 105 percent larger share

Admin. Support and Waste Mgmnt. (wage tier 2) 74 percent larger share

Restaurants and Bars (wage tier 1) 59 percent larger share

Rental and Leasing (wage tier 4) 56 percent larger share



Compared to the county, Las Virgenes is significantly under‐represented in tier 1 industries

based on emission levels, except for restaurants and horticultural activities in the agriculture

sector. This results in an overall emissions‐per‐job profile that is much lower than the county.

64

The industry distribution of the Las Virgenes labor force differs from the industry distribution

of the county labor force in:

Agriculture, Forestry (GHG tier 1) 797 percent larger share

Restaurants & Bars (GHG tier 1) 59 percent larger share

Passenger Transit (GHG tier 1) 53 percent smaller share



Support Activities for Transportation (GHG tier 1) 83 percent smaller share


There is little evidence of highly divergent industry rankings in Las Virgenes, either industries

that have high wages but also high emissions, or industries with bottom tier wages but also

minimal emissions.

Table 3.13: Las Virgenes Industry Rankings


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Construction (23) 1,699 $46,634 2 0.08 0.00 0.08 5


Bakeries (3118) 551 $35,050 2 3.01 0.30 3.31 3



Wholesale Trade (42) 1,629 $84,436 5 0.11 0.00 0.11 5

Retail Trade (44-45) 3,338 $38,086 2 0.18 8.00 8.17 2




Postal Service (491) 108 $57,983 4 2.38 3.91 6.29 2




Rental & Leasing (53) 1,222 $55,747 4 0.39 0.51 0.90 4

Legal Services (5411) 637 $87,331 5 0.07 0.26 0.33 5

Accounting (5412) 347 $63,340 4 0.07 0.26 0.33 5





65


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Employment Services (5613) 520 $64,535 4 0.04 0.14 0.19 5


Travel Agencies (5615) 93 $67,124 4 3.36 0.27 3.63 2




Nursing Care Facilities (623) 451 $35,597 2 2.10 0.90 3.00 3

Social Assistance (624) 388 $29,024 1 0.47 1.11 1.58 4


Hotels (721) 536 $25,408 1 3.80 2.20 6.00 2


Other Services (81) 1,380 $26,829 1 0.99 1.80 2.79 3

Public Administration (92) 409 $42,872 2 14.08 1.68 15.77 1

Total 42,168 $64,458 4 3.11 2.58 5.69 2


3.3 Sustainability Summary for Los Angeles Industries

A summary of wage and greenhouse sustainability rankings for Los Angeles industries is

shown in Table 3.14. Only five of the rolled‐up industries shown in the table, representing 26

percent of total employment, both pay at least average wages (wage tiers 3 to 5) and emit less

than 2.2 metric tons of greenhouse gasses per job each year (GHG tiers 4 to 5). Three‐quarters of

the county’s industry base pay less than average wages, have average or higher emissions, or

both.

The very highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions are from cornerstone industries that

provide energy and movement that are essential for the economy: petroleum extraction and

refining, electric power generation and distribution, air transportation, and trucking.

The lowest wages are predominantly in routine service industries – retail, restaurants, hotels

and personal services.

Table 3.14: Summary of Los Angeles County Industry Rankings

66

Industry Employment

2011 Wage Tier

Annual Average

Wage 2011

MT GHG per Job from Establishment

Activities & Customer Trips 2011

GHG Tier

Agriculture 5,720 1 $28,679 35 1 Petroleum Extraction & Refining 6,269 5 $148,884 8,231 1

Electric Power Generation & Distrib 16,560 5 $109,316 1,439 1

Other Utilities 12,684 5 $81,520 6,238 1

Construction 107,683 3 $53,360 0.08 5

Food & Apparel Manufacturing 104,947 2 $38,487 4.52 2

Wood, Chem, Plastic, Cement Mfg. 64,274 3 $47,889 14 1

Metal & Other Durable Mfg. 197,272 4 $69,723 2.18 4

Wholesale Trade 208,856 3 $55,451 0.11 5

Retail Trade 396,780 1 $30,596 8.88 2

Air Transportation 18,033 4 $63,155 1,445 1

Trucking & Couriers 44,029 2 $42,763 290 1

Other Transportation 102,650 3 $52,287 35 1

Information 197,255 5 $94,125 0.60 4

Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 215,407 5 $81,127 4.02 2

Prof., Scientific, & Tech. Srv. 314,693 5 $87,794 0.27 5

Admin. Support & Waste Mgmnt. 239,952 2 $33,574 2.24 3

Education 351,631 3 $49,837 2.50 3

Health Care & Social Assistance 469,446 3 $52,070 2.42 3

Arts, Entertainment, & Recreation 78,751 5 $90,451 2.84 3

Hotels & Restaurants 334,825 1 $19,395 17 1

Personal & Repair Services 256,118 1 $24,849 2.48 3

Public Administration 151,279 4 $75,553 17 1

3.3.1 Policy Implications

This integrated assessment of the environmental balance sheet for employing the region’s labor

force within the envelope of sustainable greenhouse gas emission and the social balance sheet

for providing the region’s labor force with wages that support a basic standard of living

identifies needs in most industries for progress on one or both scales.

In many instances the ranking for environmental sustainability differs from the ranking for

wage sustainability. In the near‐term, these rankings differences identify trade‐offs. In the long‐

term, they identify sustainability weaknesses that need to be improved to increase industry

sustainability and long‐term prospects for viability.

When Los Angeles County industries are rolled up into 23 broad sectors in Table 3.14 and

broken out into quintile rankings based on wage and greenhouse sustainability, only five

sectors representing 26 percent of total employment, both pay at least average wages and emit

less than 2.2 metric tons of greenhouse gasses per job each year. Three‐quarters of the county’s

industry base pays less than average wages, has average or higher emissions, or both.

67

Some industries are both socially and environmentally sustainable when seen individually,

however, all industries are dependent on the energy and transportation sectors of the economy,

which are emission‐intensive. The long‐term sustainability of all industries is dependent on

cleaner sources of energy and higher levels of value added to the economy per unit of energy

consumed.





base toward:

1. Higher levels of value added to the economy for each terajoule that is consumed,

preferably achieved through greater energy efficiency for existing industries.


3. Higher wages so that all workers are paid enough to support the minimum standard of

living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well‐being. Possible approaches for

achieving sustainable wages include incentives for higher‐wage industries and increases

in the minimum wage.

68

GLOSSARY

Term Definition

ARB Air Resource Board

ACS American Community Survey

CDPH California Department of Public Health

CEEM California Emissions Estimator Model California Energy Commission

CEIDARS California Emission Inventory Development and Reporting System

CPUC California Public Utilities Commission

CALSIM California Statewide Integrated Model of Statewide Land Use

CSTDM California Statewide Travel Demand Model

CO Carbon monoxide

CO2 Carbon dioxide

CGE Computable general equilibrium

CH4 Methane

DOE Department of Energy

DOT Department of Transportation

DPSS Department of Public Social Services

eGRID Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database

EIO Economic input‐output

EIO‐LCA Economic input‐output life cycle assessment

EDD Employment Development Department

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPIC Electric Program Investment Charge

GIS Graphic Information Systems

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GREET1 Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in

Transportation

69

IMPLAN Impact Analysis for Planning

ITLEM Integrated Transportation Land Use Economic Models

IOU Investor owned utility

LUT Land use and transportation

LCA Life cycle assessment

MRR Mandatory Reporting Program

MRIO Multi‐region input‐output

MOU Municipally Owned Utility

MWh Megawatt hours of electricity

NTNCWS Nontransient noncommunity water system

NAICS North American Industry Classification System

OPR Office of Planning and Research

OSHPD Office of Statewide Health Planning

OLS Ordinary least squares

N2O Nitrous oxide

NOx Oxides of nitrogen

SO2 Sulfur dioxide

SOx Oxides of sulfur

PM2.5 Particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers

PM10 Particulate matter of 10 micrometers

PECAS Product Exchange and Consumption Allocation System

PUMS Public Use Microdata Sample

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

ROG Reactive organic gas

SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District

SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System

SPA Service Planning Area

SWIMS Solid Waste Information Management System

70

SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District

SCG Southern California Gas Company

SSI Supplemental Security Income

TJ Terajoules

TPY Tons per Year

TRACI Tools for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other

environmental Impacts

TNCWS Transient noncommunity water system

TREDIS Transportation Economic Development Impact System

UM Urban metabolism

71

REFERENCES

California Assembly Committee on Utilities and Commerce. Briefing Paper for Oversight

Hearing Energy Efficiency – Measuring for Success Coordination, Collaboration, and

Transparency. 2013

CEDP. Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Impact Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

Policy Options for the Southern California Climate and Economic Development Project.

Southern California Association of Governments. 2012.

Curran, M.A. (ed.). Environmental Life‐Cycle Assessment. New York, NY: McGraw‐Hill. 1996.

Green Design Initiative (2001). Economic Input‐Output Life‐Cycle Assessment Model. Carnegie

Mellon University. 2001.

Hendrickson, C. T., Lave, L. B., Matthews, H. S. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods

and Services: An Input‐Output Approach. Resources for the Future Press. 2006.

Kennedy, Christopher, John Cuddihy, and Joshua Engel‐Yan. “The Changing Metabolism of

Cities,” Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2007.

Leontief, W. ʺEnvironmental Repurcussions and Economic Structure ‐ Input‐Output

Approach.ʺ Review of Economics and Statistics. 1970.

Masanet, Eric, H. Scott Matthews, Derrick Carlson., and Arpad Horvath. Retail Climate Change

Mitigation: Life‐Cycle Emission and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards. California

Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency. 2012.

McMichael, A. J., C. D. Butler and Carl Folke. “New Visions for Addressing Sustainability,”

Science, 12 December 2003.

Muller, Nicholas Z., Robert Mendelsohn, and William Nordhaus. ʺEnvironmental Accounting

for Pollution in the United States Economy.ʺ American Economic Review. 2011.

Ngo, N. S. and D. E. Pataki. The Energy and Mass Balance of Los Angeles County. Urban

Ecosyst. 2008.

Rapoport, Elizabeth. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Urban Metabolism: A Review of the

Literature. UCL Environmental Institute. 2011.

Reid, W.V., D. Chen, L Goldfarb, and H. Hackmann. “Earth System Science for Global

Sustainability: Grand Challenges,” Science. 2010.

Rue du Can, Stephane, Ali Hasanbeigi, Jayant Sathaye. California Energy Balance Update

and Decomposition Analysis for the Industry and Building Sectors. Lawrence Berkeley

National Laboratory. 2010.

Southern California Association of Governments. Climate Change and the Future of Southern

California. 2009.

72

United States Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. A User

Handbook for the Regional Input‐Output Modeling System (RIMS II). 1997.

A‐1

APPENDIX A: Methodology for Assessing Industry Sustainability based on both Environmental and Economic Impacts

A.1 Overview

The objective in overlaying greenhouse gas emission on social sustainability data is to provide

an integrated platform for assessing strengths and challenges of Los Angeles County industries

in meeting the region’s overall environmental, economic, and social sustainability needs. Social

sustainability refers specifically to sustaining wages for workers employed in an industry.

Bringing the environmental footprint of industrial activities into an integrated frame of

reference with social impacts provides an inclusive set of benchmarks for assessing trade‐offs

associated with different land use options, as well as for identifying improvements that are

needed in specific industries. Information produced through this analysis identifies:

1. Industry sectors that provide opportunities for a growing green economy with wage

levels that sustain the labor force.

2. Industry sectors that provide significant labor force benefits but are at risk from

increased energy prices and should be targeted for energy efficiency investments to

make them more environmentally sustainable.

3. Industries that are environmentally sustainable but do not pay sustaining wages to their

workers.

4. Industries that have significant carrying costs for both the social safety net and the

environment.

Three data series of environmental impacts were produced:

1. Direct (scope 1) and life cycle (scope 1, 2 and 3)18 energy and emissions by commercial,

industrial, and government establishments.

2. Direct (scope 1) and life cycle (scope 1, 2 and 3) energy and emissions per job by

commercial, industrial, and government establishments.

3. Emissions (scope 1, 2 and 3) from gasoline used by customers on trips to businesses.

18 United States Environmental Protection Agency (2005), “Climate leaders greenhouse gas inventory

protocol,” http://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/documents/resources/design_princ_ch4.pdf, pp.16‐19.

Direct emissions are equivalent to scope 1, life cycle emissions are equivalent to scope 1, 2 and 3

aggregated.

A‐2

A.2 Geographic Aggregation

This analysis used employer data from the California Employment Development Department

(EDD), which provides establishment‐level employment and payroll data for every employer in

Los Angeles County from 1996 through 2011—a total of 1,011,707 employers. This information

is used solely for analyzing workforce employment and job creation opportunities.

Information provided by these time‐series records includes the following information for the

approximately 400,000 employers that are active in Los Angeles County in any given year:

Address

Six‐digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

Monthly employment

Quarterly payroll

This highly disaggregated data was aggregated into the nine Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) sub‐regions shown earlier in Figure 22. This level of aggregation

generally provides sufficiently large numbers of establishments in each industry to provide

reliable data while also providing information that is scaled to support sub‐regional land use

planning within the county.

Industry data was aggregated at the three‐digit NAICS level for each of the nine SCAG sub‐

regions, and at the four‐digit NAICS level for Los Angeles city and County. Data was

suppressed in instances when the number of establishments in a given geographic area was not

large enough to protect employer confidentiality.19

A.3 Direct Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1)

Direct energy consumption and greenhouse emissions were estimated for each

establishment by linking establishment employment data with energy and emission

factors in the California multi‐regional input‐output (MRIO) life‐cycle assessment (LCA)

model developed for the California Air Resources Board and the California

Environmental Protection Agency in to2012. 20These estimates are direct GHG emissions

from sources that are owned or controlled by the establishment – scope 1 emissions.

The MRIO‐LCA factors represent average statewide environmental effects for each

industry in terms of the production and consumption occurring in California. These

19 Data was suppressed if there were fewer than three employers in an industry in a given geographic

area or if any single employer accounted for 80 percent or more of employment in an industry.

20 Masanet, Eric; Matthews, H. Scott and Derrick Carlson (2012), Retail Climate Change Mitigation: Life‐

Cycle Emission and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards, prepared for the California Air Resources

Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency, Contract UCB 07‐322.

A‐3

state‐level factors are integrated with national factors for each industry for production

and consumption that occurs in the rest of the United States. State‐level factors are

predominant when the model is used to estimate direct (scope 1) greenhouse gas

emissions by establishments in each industry.

Because establishment‐level economic factors are linked to state‐level environmental

factors to estimate direct greenhouse gas emissions, the estimates do not identify precise

quantities of energy/emissions corresponding to establishment‐level or even regional

business activities, but rather to show comparative industry impacts. The

energy/emissions factors for each industry represent average statewide impacts. To

correct for this, the values produced using statewide EIO‐LCA factors were then

aggregated and benchmarked against California Energy Commission data for total

electricity and natural gas used by each industry in Los Angeles County, and corrected

accordingly. Specific establishments within a given sector are likely to deviate from that

average, particularly in small geographic areas where the sample size is small.

The focus of this work is on comparative consumption of energy and production of

emissions among industries rather than on precise quantities. This data is used to assess

comparative impacts and comparative sustainability of industries rather than to

construct precise inventories of environmental impacts.

The computational steps for estimating direct greenhouse gas emissions are shown in

Figure A.1 and described below.

Figure A.1: Estimating Direct Establishment Emissions

Employment data from CA EDD 1996-2011 with NAICS 6-digit coding and addresses for each establishment in LA County used to determine the location, type and scale of industry activity

IMPLAN economic models and 1998-2011 data for LA County used to obtain the amount of value added per employee in each industry, converted to 2002 $

Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) used to determine amount of value added per $1 million output in each industry in 2002

Energy and emissions pegged to level of value added activity each year in each industry:(LA Co. VA per job * # jobs at firm)/U.S. EIO-LCA VA per $1 M output =Total EIO-LCA value added per firm

California MRIO-LCA direct impact factors are multiplied by the annual value added per worker factor in each industry to estimate energy and GHG per establishment

Industry benchmark factors are imported into the model and used to adjust energy and GHG estimates for each establishment (petroleum-reliant industries are not adjusted - agriculture, mining, transportation)

Model estimates for energy used by each industry are benchmarked against California Energy Com. data for electricity and natural gas use

A‐4

1. Annual employment data for each establishment provides the foundation for estimating

the quantity of energy consumed and greenhouse gases emitted by each establishment.

2. The number of employees at each establishment in each year is translated into annual

amount of value added activity at each establishment using IMPLAN input‐output

economic models of Los Angeles County for each year. These steps are taken to convert

employment numbers into emission numbers for each establishment in each industry.

These models and county‐level data for use in the models are produced by MIG, Inc.

The annual amount of value added activity is converted to 2002 dollars because both the

U.S. EIO‐LCA model and the California MRIO‐LCA models are derived from the 2002

industry input‐output tables produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

3. The amount of value added activity that corresponds with $1 million output in each

industry is obtained from the U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐

LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, (2008).

This makes it possible to link estimates to value added activity rather than to output,

which closely equates to sales. The MRIO‐LCA model is linked to output rather than

value added, however, as the unit of geography shrinks, an increasing share of goods

and services that are sold are imported from other regions rather than produced locally.

Using the amount of value added activity rather than the value of output to drive the

model prevents estimates of environmental effects from inflating as geography shrinks.

4. The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with $1 million in

direct economic output by each industry is scaled proportionate to the amount of value

added activity at each establishment in each year. Therefore, a fraction of the impact

associated with $1 million in output is attributed to a small establishment; many

multiples of the $1 million impact are attributed to a large establishment.

5. The scale of value added activity at each establishment (converted to fractions or

multiples of the impact associated with $1 million in output by the industry) is

multiplied by the California MRIO‐LCA environmental factors for each industry. The

primary factor used in this analysis was Annual Metric Tons of Total GHG. The total list

of factors estimated by the model includes:

Annual Terajoules of Total Energy

Annual Terajoules of Coal

Annual Terajoules of Natural Gas

Annual Terajoules of Petroleum

Annual Terajoules of Waste/Biomass

Annual Terajoules of Nonfossil Electric

Annual Metric Tons of Coal CO2

Annual Metric Tons of Natural Gas CO2

Annual Metric Tons of Petroleum CO2

A‐5

Annual Metric Tons of Biomass/Waste CO2

Annual Metric Tons of Total Energy CO2

Annual Metric Tons of Total GHG

Annual Metric Tons of Energy CO2

Annual Metric Tons of Process CO2

Annual Metric Tons of CH4

Annual Metric Tons of N2O

Annual Metric Tons of HFC/PFCs

6. Data provided by the California Energy Commission showing actual annual

consumption of electricity and natural gas by each industry (typically at the three‐digit

NAICS level) in Los Angeles County was benchmarked against the amount of total

energy that was estimated to have been consumed by each industry in the preceding

step. This was used to create a correction factor which modified estimates produced

using MRIO‐LCA factors so that the estimates corresponded with actual annual

electricity and natural gas consumption in Los Angeles County. These correction factors

were produced by overlaying Energy Commission industry categories on Bureau of

Economic Analysis categories, which resulted in 53 industry categories with correction

factors. The size of the corrections varied by industry and by year, with the size

corrections increasing with each additional year after 2002. Use of CEC data reduced

model estimates by 63 percent in 2008, 70 percent in 2009, 69 percent in 2010, and 75

percent in 2011.

7. Industry benchmark factors from the preceding step were imported into the database

and used to adjust energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission estimates for each

establishment. This step was not carried out for industries that make extensive use of

petroleum rather than obtaining energy primarily through electric and natural gas

utilities. The petroleum‐reliant industry sectors for which petroleum‐based emissions

were not adjusted included:

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Air transportation

Construction

Bus transportation

Mining

Oil and gas extraction

Petroleum and coal products

Rail transportation

Truck transportation

A‐6

A.4 Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial, Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1, 2, 3)

Life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission estimates are produced through a

similar series of steps to those for just described for estimating direct impacts. A flow chart

showing these steps is provided in Figure A.2.

1. Annual employment data for each establishment provides the foundation for estimating

the life cycle energy consumed and greenhouse gases emitted as a result of the supplier

chain linked to activities at each establishment as well as on‐site activities (scope 1, 2, 3).

2. The number of employees at each establishment in each year is translated into to annual

amount of value added activity at each establishment using IMPLAN input‐output

economic models of Los Angeles County for each year. These models and county‐level

data for use in the models are produced by MIG, Inc. The annual amount of value added

activity is converted to 2002 dollars because both the U.S. EIO‐LCA model and the

California MRIO‐LCA models are derived from the 2002 industry input‐output tables

produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

3. The amount of value added activity that corresponds with $1 million output in each

industry is obtained from the U.S. Economic Input‐Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐

LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, (2008).

Figure A.2: Estimating Life Cycle Establishment Emissions

Employment data from CA EDD, 1996-2011, with NAICS 6-digit coding and addresses for each establishment in LA County used to determine the location, type and scale of industry activity

IMPLAN economic models and 1996-2011 data for LA County used to obtain the amount of value added per employee in each industry, converted to 2002 $

Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (2008) used to determine amount of value added per $1 million output in each industry

Emissions pegged to level of value added activity in each industry:U.S. EIO-LCA VA per $1 M output /LA Co. VA per worker =# LA workers to produce emissions linked to $1 M output in each industry

U.S. EIO-LCA total emission factors from CMU multiplied by value added per worker factor for each industry to estimate emissions from each establishment

Annual EIO-LCA energy consumption and emission factors adjusted based on changes since 2002 in the annual ratio of electricity consumption to value added in each industry, using MWh data from CEC and value added data from IMPLAN

A‐7

This makes it possible to link estimates to value added activity rather than to output,

which closely equates to sales. The United States EIO‐LCA model, which is used for life

cycle estimates, includes an economic factor for value added. This factor is preferable to

the economic output factor because as the unit of geography shrinks from nation to state

to county, an increasing share of goods and services that are sold are imported from

other regions rather than produced locally. Using the amount of value added activity

rather than the value of output to drive the model prevents estimates of environmental

effects from inflating as geography shrinks.

4. The value added factor that is associated with $1 million in economic output by each

industry is scaled proportionate to the amount of value added activity at each

establishment in each year. Therefore, a fraction of the impact associated with $1 million

in output is attributed to a small establishment; many multiples of the $1 million impact

being attributed to a large establishment.

5. Annual EIO‐LCA energy consumption and emission factors were adjusted based on

changes since 2002 in the annual ratio of electricity consumption to value added in each

industry, using electricity consumption data from the Energy Commission and value

added data from IMPLAN.

6. The scale of value added activity at each establishment (converted to fractions or

multiples of the impact associated with $1 million in output by the industry) was

multiplied by the United States EIO‐LCA life cycle factors for each industry. This

produced estimates of life cycle environmental impacts for each establishment. The

primary factor used in this analysis was Total Metric Tons CO2 equivalent. The total list

of factors included in the model at the time it was used for this study included:

Total Economic Output ($ Million)

Total Value Added ($ Million)

Employee Compensation Portion of Value Added ($ Million)

Net Taxes Portion of Value Added ($ Million)

Profits Portion of Value Added ($ Million)

Direct Economic Outlays ($ Million)

Direct Economic Outlays as Percent of Total Economic Output

Total Metric Tons CO2 equivalent

CO2 Fossil Metric Tons CO2 equivalent

CO2 Process Metric Tons CO2 equivalent

CH4 Metric Tons CO2 equivalent

N2O Metric Tons CO2 equivalent

HFC/PFCs Equivalent Metric Tons CO2 equivalent

Total Energy Terajoules

A‐8

Coal Terajoules

Natural Gas Terajoules

Petroleum Terajoules

Bio/Waste Terajoules

Non‐Fossil Electricity Terajoules

Hazardous Waste Generated ‐ Short Tons

Carcinogens Milligrams of C2H3Cl equivalent

Non‐carcinogens Milligrams of C2H3Cl equivalent

Respiratory Inorganics ‐ Kilograms of PM2.5 equivalent

Ozone Layer Depletion ‐ Kilograms of CFC‐11 equivalent

Respiratory Organics ‐ Kilograms of C2H4 equivalent

Aquatic Ecotoxicity Gigagrams of TEG water

Terrestrial ecotoxicity Gigagrams of TEG soil

Terrestrial Acid/Nutrification Kilograms of SO2 equivalent

Aquatic Acidification ‐ Kilograms of SO2 equivalent

Aquatic Eutrophication Kilograms of PO4 P‐lim

Water Use ‐ Thousands of Gallons

The actual computation of life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for each

establishment was as follows:

Table A.1: Computations for Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Formula for computing life cycle terajoules of energy from all sectors in 2011:

((va_wkr11 / us02va1m) * avgemp11) * (cec2011r * lc_tj_to)

Variable Description

va_wkr11 2011 value added per worker in industry in Los Angeles County, in 2002 dollars

us02va1m Value Added per $1 million of industry output in 2002 in US EIO-LCA Model

AvgEmp11 2011 Annual average employment

cec2011r 2011:2002 ratio of MWh per $1 million value added (constant $) based on California Energy Commission electricity consumption data and IMPLAN value added data

LC_TJ_TO Life cycle Total terajoules of energy from all sectors per $1 million industry output in 2002 - US 2002 EIO-LCA

Formula for computing life cycle metric tons of co2-equivalent emissions in 2011:

((va_wkr11 / us02va1m) * avgemp11) * (cec2011r * lc_co2eq)

A‐9

Variable Description

va_wkr11 2011 value added per worker in industry in Los Angeles County, in 2002 dollars

us02va1m Value Added per $1 million of industry output in 2002 in US EIO-LCA Model

AvgEmp11 2011 Annual average employment

cec2011r 2011:2002 ratio of MWh per $1M value added (constant $) based on California Energy Commission electricity consumption data and IMPLAN value added data

lc_co2eq Life cycle Total terajoules of energy from all sectors per $1 million industry output in 2002 - US 2002 EIO-LCA

A.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Customer Trips to Commercial and Governmental Establishments (Scope 1)

The amount of gasoline consumed and greenhouse gas emissions produced by the customer

trips to each commercial and government establishment that is visited by the public was

estimated through the series of steps shown in Figure A.3 and described below.

Step 1: Estimate the annual gallons of gasoline consumed by light duty vehicles in Los

Angeles County. Source: California Air Resource Board Emissions Inventory for On‐

road Motor Vehicles, CEPAM: 2009 Almanac ‐ Population and Vehicle Trends Tool,

http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/trends/ems_trends.php.

Step 2: Estimate and remove the share of the light‐duty vehicle fleet in Los Angeles County

that is commercially registered or operated by government agencies and therefore

was not used by the general public. Source: California Department of Motor Vehicles

Statistics, http://dmv.ca.gov/about/profile/ca_dmv_stats.pdf.

Step 3: Break out private, noncommercial vehicle trips by type: 1) commuting to work, 2)

trips to shop or conduct business, and 3) personal, non‐business trips. Remove all

trips except those to shop or conduct business. Source: SCAG 2001 Travel Survey,

University of Minnesota Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive, Codebook,

http://www.surveyarchive.org/sda/SCAG2000/doc/hcbk.htm, Data:

http://www.surveyarchive.org/archive.html.

Step 4: Estimate the number of trips generated per employee in each commercial and

government industry that is visited by the general public. Source: California

Emissions Estimator Model, Table 4.3 Mobile Trip Rates, South Coast Air Quality

Management District, 2011, http://www.caleemod.com/.

Step 5: Remove all industries that do not sell or provide services to the public.

Step 6: Compute the estimated number of trips generated by each commercial and

government establishment that is visited by the general public based on the industry

classification of the establishment, the trip generation factor for that industry, and

the number of employees at the establishment. Aggregate the total number of

A‐10

estimated annual trips and compute each establishment’s share of total customer

trips in Los Angeles County.

Step 7: Multiply each establishments share of total customer trips generated in the county

by the number of gallons of gasoline consumed by the general public making

customer trips to commercial and government establishments (estimated in step 3) to

estimate the gallons of gasoline consumed by customers making trips to each

establishment.

Step 8: Use the GREET 1 2011 emissions model developed by Argonne National Laboratory,

selecting factors for average light vehicle mileage and fuel mix for California, to

estimate that 19.646179 pounds or 0.008911356955511 metric tons of greenhouse

gas emissions are produced by each gallon of gasoline consumed in vehicle

operation (this excluded life cycle emissions associated with extracting and refining

petroleum, and transporting it to gas stations). Multiply the gallons consumed for

customer trips to each establishment by the emissions produced by each gallon to

estimate direct annual greenhouse gas emissions from customer trips to each

establishment. Source: Argonne National Laboratory, GREET 1 Series (Fuel‐Cycle

Model), http://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=download1x.

Figure A.3: Estimating Emissions Generated by Customer Trips to Establishments

ARB data used to estimate annual gasoline consumption by light-duty vehicles

DMV data used to estimate and remove annual gasoline consumption by vehicles in business and government fleets

California Emissions Estimator Model used to estimate the ratio of trips to number of employees at each type of business

Each establishment’s share of total customer trips in LA County estimated based on industry classification and number of employees

SCAG 2001 travel survey data used to estimate share of trips and county gasoline consumption for customer trips

Establishment shares of customer trips used to estimate shares of county gasoline consumption

Argonne National Laboratory GREET 1 2011 emissions model, with average light vehicle mileage and fuel mix for California, used to estimate used to estimate GHG emissions per gallon of gasoline from vehicle operations related to customer trips

NAICS classifi-cations used to remove industries that do not sell to the public

A‐11

A.6 Discussion of MRIO-LCA and EIO-LCA

Economic input‐output (EIO) models capture the monetary transactions between industry

sectors in mathematical form. EIO models indicate what goods or services (or output of an

industry) are consumed by other industries (or used as input). The Green Design Institute,

Carnegie Mellon University, has appended information on emissions to the environment to the

EIO model. This creates an additional column representing ʺthe environmentʺ sector, and the

value in each row represents the pollutant ʺoutputʺ from an industry sector that is ʺinputʺ to

this sector. This tracks environmental implications through the entire matrix of industry‐to‐

industry and industry‐to‐consumer relationships, enabling quantification of how increased

demand for output from one sector influences the output of pollutants to the environment.

Two key strengths of EIO‐LCA are its comprehensiveness and its consistency: a single

framework of industry relationships is used to produce energy and emissions factors for every

industry, covering the entire economy. Without the use of EIO‐LCA, the research team would

not be able to quantify the embedded energy and emissions associated with economic flows, as

the required number of process‐based LCAs is prohibitively high. However, because these

relationships are California averages for direct impacts estimated using the MRIO‐LCA and

United States averages for life cycle impacts estimated the EIO‐LCA, a degree of uncertainty is

introduced when these models are applied to Los Angeles County.

It was possible to reduce this uncertainty when estimating direct emissions using the MRIO‐

LCA model by benchmarking model results against annual energy consumption data for each

industry in Los Angeles County from the Energy Commission. This benchmarking corrects for

differences between industry processes in Los Angeles County compared to statewide industry

processes as well as for changes in industry technology since the 2002 data that was used to

develop the MRIO‐LCA model.

The uncertainties inherent in the MRIO‐LCA and EIO‐LCA models are also reduced by using

the results to compare and rank industries rather than to estimate the overall inventory of

energy consumption and greenhouse emissions by commercial and government activity in Los

Angeles County.

B‐1

APPENDIX B: Spatial Co-Occurrence of Indicators of Social Well Being and Commercial Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

B.1 Overview

The connection of individuals and families through geographic proximity or employment to

commercial establishments with high levels of energy consumption and accompanying

greenhouse emissions might be linked to diminished levels of well‐being, including long‐term

unemployment, housing insecurity, unfulfilled educational potential, diminished health and

wellbeing, social isolation, and homelessness. Thirty‐three geographically disaggregated social

indicators for Los Angeles County were used to explore potential relationships between energy‐

intensive stationary commercial activities and human well‐being. These indicators capture a

wide range of information about residents of Los Angeles County, including demographics,

housing, poverty, earnings, access to transportation, health, and child and family wellbeing.

B.2 Description of Social Indicator Data

This assessment was conducted at the level of census tracts, of which there are 2,346 in Los

Angeles County (Figure B.1). The correlation between social indicators and energy consumption

and greenhouse gas emissions was investigated for 2,200 census tracts that had at least 300

residents and 100 jobs in 2010. The other 146 census tracts that did not meet these thresholds

and were excluded from the correlations.

Possible spatial relationships between social indicators and energy consumption were screened

using the coefficient of determination, r‐squared, which is the proportion of variation in the

dependent variable (a social indicator) that is accounted for by variation in the independent

variable (an environmental impact). This statistic can be interpreted as the percent of change in

the dependent variable that is explained by change in the independent variable. It should be

noted that this statistic describes the strength of association between pairs of indices and

demonstrates the extent to which they change together but it does not demonstrate causation.

Strong r‐squared values would be a preliminary indicator of an association that could then be

explored with additional statistical tests.

Using the 2,200 census tracts with the minimum number of residents and workers, 21,252

correlations were produced to explore the strength of association between 33 different social

indicators and 644 different breakouts of energy and environmental impacts.

B‐2

B.2.1 Data Sources

Three data sources were used to develop social indicators that were spatially overlaid on energy

consumption data. Researchers used the following public data sets:

American Community Survey (ACS) 2006‐2010 Five‐Year Estimates from the U.S.

Census Bureau. These are sample‐based estimates of population and housing

characteristics at the level of census tracts.

American Community Survey (ACS) 2006‐2010 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)

from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Longitudinal database of public assistance records for 10 million residents of Los

Angeles County who received public assistance from 2002 through 2010, including

records of homeless episodes.

Figure B.1: Census Tracts in Los Angeles County, 2010

B‐3

These data sources are the strongest (and in many cases, the only) available for the development

of a range of social indicators at the census tract level.

A total of 33 social indicators were used to test associations between energy consumption and

social sustainability. These indicators were selected based upon researchers’ previous work and

familiarity with data sources that are both geographically specific and up‐to‐date.21 The full set

of indicators spans five categories: nativity and social isolation, poverty and earnings, housing,

transportation, and homelessness. The rerationale for including each category, as well as the

indicators developed for each, is described below.

B.2.1.1 Nativity and Social Isolation

Areas with higher numbers of newly arrived residents such as non‐citizens, can experience

higher levels of social isolation and residential instability. Indicators include:

Number of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens.

Percent of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens.

Number of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens.

Percent of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens.

Total number of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens.

Percent of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens.

Percent of households with no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks

English ʺvery wellʺ.

Number of households in which no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks

English ʺvery well.ʺ

21 See, for example:

Economic Roundtable (2007). “Socioeconomic and Health Indicators for Los Angeles County.”

Economic Roundtable (2012). “Affordable Housing Benefit Fee Study: The Nexus between New Market‐

Rate Development and the Subsequent Increase in Demand for Affordable Housing in the City of Los

Angeles.”

Economic Roundtable (2009). “Ebbing Tides in the Golden State.”

Community Indicators Consortium (2012). “CIC Indicator Project Database.”

Urban Institute (2012). “Outcome Indicators Project.”

B‐4

B.2.1.2 Poverty and Earnings

These variables capture the county’s poverty and working poor population, including families

receiving public assistance. Researchers include these social indicators as a primary link to

patterns of energy consumption and emissions.

Percent of household receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months.

Number of households receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months.

Percent of households with public assistance income.

Number of households with public assistance income.

Percent of families with children under five years with incomes below the poverty level.

Percent of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level.

Number of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level.

Ratio of census tract median income to California statewide median income.

B.2.1.3 Housing

The Los Angeles region has a significant housing shortage, which leads to overcrowded

housing units.22 Rent burden is also high among residents, where more than 30 percent of their

income goes towards paying the rent.

Number of households that are rent burdened, paying 30% to 49% of income for rent.23

Number of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50% + of income for

rent.24

Percent of households that are rent burdened, paying 30% to 49% of income for rent.

Percent of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50% + of income for rent.

Percent that are rent burdened or severely rent burdened.

Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants per

room.25

22 See Economic Roundtable (2009). “Economic Study of the Rent Stabilization Ordinance and the Los

Angeles Housing Market” and Economic Roundtable (2012). “Affordable Housing Benefit Fee Study: The

Nexus between New Market‐Rate Development and the Subsequent Increase in Demand for Affordable

Housing in the City of Los Angeles.”

23 Between 30 and 50 percent of household income goes to pay rent.

24 More than 50 percent of income goes to pay rent.

25 The standard definition of overcrowding is more than one person per room (including kitchen and

living room, excluding bathrooms). The standard definition of severe overcrowding is more than 1.5

person per room.

B‐5

Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more

occupants per room.

Percent of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding.

Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants

per room.

Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more

occupants per room.

Number of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding.

Percent of households with sub‐families (i.e., housing units with families doubled‐up). 26

Number of households with sub‐families.

B.2.1.4 Transportation

A further measure of economic connectedness is access to private vehicles, which is reported by

the US Census Bureau.

Percent of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent.

Number of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent.

B.2.1.5 Homelessness

Data on homelessness and disconnection from the built environment came from the

administrative record system of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services.

The application process for public assistance programs, including cash aid, Medi‐Cal and food

stamps records instances when applicants self‐declared that they were homeless. This indicator

is based on residents who experienced homelessness for 1+ month in 2010

Number of persons homeless for one month or more in 2010 with no prior documented

episodes of homelessness.

Percent of residents in census tract that were homeless for one month or more in 2010

with no prior documented episodes of homelessness.

B.2.1.6 Complete List of Social Indicators

A summary list of the 33 social indicators that were correlated with environmental indicators at

the census‐tract level is as follows:

1. Number of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens.

26 The US Census Bureau defines a sub‐family as “a married couple (with or without children) or a single

parent with one or more never‐married children under the age of 18, residing with and related to the

householder, but not including the householder or the householder’s spouse. When grown children move

back to the parental home with their own children or spouse, they are considered a subfamily.”

B‐6

2. Percent of residents 18 years of age and older that are not U.S. citizens.

3. Number of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens.

4. Percent of residents under 18 years of age that are not U.S. citizens.

5. Total number of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens.

6. Percent of residents of all ages that are not U.S. citizens.

7. Percent of households with no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks


8. Number of households in which no one 14 and over who speaks English only or speaks


9. Percent of household receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months.

10. Number of households receiving Food Stamps in the past 12 months.

11. Percent of households with public assistance income.

12. Number of households with public assistance income.

13. Percent of families with children under 5 years with incomes below the poverty level.

14. Percent of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level.

15. Number of families with income in the past 12 months below the poverty level.

16. Ratio of census tract median income to California statewide median income.

17. Number of households that are rent burdened, paying 30 percent to 49 percent of

income for rent.

18. Number of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50 percent + of income

for rent.

19. Percent of households that are rent burdened, paying 30 percent to 49 percent of

income for rent.

20. Percent of households that are severely rent burdened, paying 50 percent + of income

for rent.

21. Percent that are rent burdened or severely rent burdened.

22. Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants per

room.

23. Percent of renter‐occupied housing that is severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more

occupants per room.

24. Percent of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding.

25. Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are over‐crowded, 1.01 ‐ 1.50 occupants

per room.

26. Number of renter‐occupied housing units that are severely over‐crowded, 1.51 or more

occupants per room.

27. Number of renter‐occupied housing units with any level of over‐crowding.

B‐7

28. Percent of households with sub‐families (i.e., housing units with families doubled‐up).

29. Number of households with sub‐families.

30. Percent of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent.

31. Number of workers 16 years of age and older that are transit dependent.

32. Number of persons homeless for one month or more in 2010 with no prior documented

episodes of homelessness.

33. Percent of residents in census tract that were homeless for one month or more in 2010

with no prior documented episodes of homelessness.

B.3 Spatial Co-Occurrence of Environmental Indicators and Social Indicators

B.3.1 Purpose

This assessment of the spatial relationship of social indicators to energy consumption and

greenhouse gas emissions by stationary commercial activities in Los Angeles County provides

evidence about whether energy‐intensive commercial activities and greenhouse gas emissions

are a burden borne disproportionately by disadvantaged communities or whether these impacts

are spread across all communities.

Figures B.2 to B.5 help visualize the question investigated through this task. Figures B.2 and B.3

show the spatial distribution of two key social indicators – rates of poverty and of precarious

housing at the census tract level in 2010. Figures B.4 and B.5 show the spatial distribution of two

key environmental indicators – estimated direct energy consumption and greenhouse gas

emissions by stationary commercial activities at the census tract level in 2010. The question

investigated is, are these indicators and impacts spatially co‐occurent or spatially unrelated?

Using the 2,200 census tracts with minimum numbers of residents and workers, 21,252

correlations were produced to explore the strength of association between 33 different social

indicators and 644 different breakouts of energy and environmental impacts.

B.3.2 Findings about Co-Occurrence of Environmental and Social Indicators B.3.2.1 Total Direct Impacts per Census Tract and per Job

Nine measures of total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by establishments

located in each census tract were correlated with the 33 social indicators. Half of the correlations

were for total impacts, the other half for impacts per job.

1. Total terajoules of energy directly consumed in 2010.

2. Total metric tons of total energy CO2 directly generated in 2010.

3. Total metric tons of greenhouse gases directly generated in 2010.

4. Total metric tons of process CO2 directly generated in 2010.

B‐8

Figure B.2: Percent of Families in Poverty by Census Tract - 2010

Figure B.3: Percent of Households that are Rent Burdened by Census Tract - 2010

B‐9

Figure B.4: Terajoules of Energy Directly Consumed by Establishments in Census Tract

B‐10

5. Total metric tons of CH4 directly generated in 2010.

6. Total metric tons of N2O directly generated in 2010.

7. Total metric tons of HFC/PFCs directly generated in 2010.

8. Total metric tons of PM10 directly generated in 2010.

9. Total metric tons of PM2.5 directly generated in 2010.

Results: No noteworthy correlations between the total quantity of environmental impacts and

social indicators were found.

B.3.2.2 Total Direct Impacts per Job in each Census Tract

Nine measures of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions per job by establishments

located in each census tract were correlated with the 33 social indicators.

1. Total terajoules of energy directly consumed per job in 2010.

2. Total metric tons of total energy CO2 directly generated per job in 2010.

3. Total metric tons of greenhouse gases directly generated per job in 2010.

4. Total metric tons of process CO2 directly generated per job in 2010.

5. Total metric tons of CH4 directly generated per job in 2010.

6. Total metric tons of N2O directly generated per job in 2010.

7. Total metric tons of HFC/PFCs directly generated per job in 2010.

8. Total metric tons of PM10 directly generated per job in 2010.

9. Total metric tons of PM2.5 directly generated per job in 2010.

Results: No noteworthy correlations between these key measures of environmental impacts and

social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.03.

B.3.2.3 Total Direct Impacts per Census Tract Ranked by Quintile and Correlated with Social Impacts Ranked by Quintile

Grouping variable values into bracketed categories is a method for identifying more clearly the

relationships between variables. In this instance, census tracts were ranked based on each of the

9 measures of total impacts listed above for Worksheet 1, and assigned to one of five categories

based on the total quantity of each impact. The same thing was done for each of the 33 social

impact variables. Several environmental and social impact variables could not be reclassified for

this method of correlation because over 20 percent of the census tracts had a value of zero for

the variable. Empty cells are seen in the rows and columns for variables where this was the case.

B‐11

Results: This method of correlation produced slightly higher r‐squared values than are shown

for comparable correlations in Worksheet 1, however no noteworthy correlations were

identified. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.09.

B.3.2.4 Direct Electricity Consumed and Emissions Linked to Delivered Electricity in Census Tracts where Establishments are Located

The Carnegie Mellon Green Design Institute U.S. EIO‐LCA model for 2002 was used to estimate

direct electricity consumption by each industry in each census tract. The California Energy

Commission Power Source Report for 2010 was used to identify the sources of electric power in

each utility district. In addition, the GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model was used to estimate the range

of emissions produced by electricity consumed by stationary commercial establishments in each

census tract. This information yielded the 36 categories of electricity consumption and

emissions listed below. Two types of correlations were conducted for each of these 36

categories, the first based on total quantities per census tract, the second based on quantities per

job in each census tract. This resulted in 72 environmental factors related to direct electricity

consumption being correlated with the 33 social indicators.

1. Terajoules of electricity delivered to establishment in 2010.

2. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D

Losses) CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

3. Kilograms of SO2 generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA

Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

4. Kilograms of CO generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses), CA


5. Kilograms of NOX generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses),

CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

6. Kilograms of VOC generation emissions per TJ delivered electricity (after T&D Losses),


7. Kilograms of PM10 generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses),


8. Kilograms of PM2.5 generation emissions from delivered electricity (after T&D Losses),


9. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA


10. Kilograms of SO2 precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source

Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

11. Kilograms of CO precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source

Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

12. Kilograms of NOX precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power

Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

B‐12

13. Kilograms of VOC precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power


14. Kilograms of PM10 precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power


15. Kilograms of PM2.5 precombustion emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power


16. Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses)

emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from

GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

17. Kilograms of SO2 electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions per TJ

delivered electricity CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle

Model.

18. Kilograms of CO from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions

from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐

Cycle Model.

19. Kilograms of NOX from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions

per TJ delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1

Fuel‐Cycle Model.

20. Kilograms of VOC from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions

per TJ delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report 2010, emissions from GREET 1

Fuel‐Cycle Model.

21. Kilograms of PM10 from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions


Cycle Model.

22. Kilograms of PM2.5 from electricity transmission and distribution (i.e., losses) emissions


Cycle Model.

23. Total metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power


24. Total kilograms of SO2 emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report

2010, emissions from GREET 1 Fuel‐Cycle Model.

25. Total kilograms of CO emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report


26. Total kilograms of NOX emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report


27. Total kilograms of VOC emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report


28. Total kilograms of PM10 emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report


B‐13

29. Total kilograms of PM2.5 emissions from delivered electricity, CA Power Source Report


30. Life cycle metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions from delivered electricity in 2010.

31. Life cycle kilograms of SO2 emissions from delivered electricity in 2010.

32. Life cycle kilograms of CO emissions from delivered electricity in 2010.

33. Life cycle kilograms of NOX emissions from delivered electricity in 2010.

34. Life cycle kilograms of VOC emissions from delivered electricity in 2010.

35. Life cycle kilograms of PM10 emissions from delivered electricity in 2010.

36. Life cycle kilograms of PM2.5 emissions from delivered electricity in 2010.

Results: No noteworthy correlations between these key measures of environmental impacts and

social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was 0.10 for the association

between residential locations of non‐citizen residents and upstream emissions from generating

electricity.

B.3.2.5 Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Impacts from Establishments Located in each Census Tract

The Carnegie Mellon Green Design Institute U.S. EIO‐LCA model for 2002 was used to estimate

life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by each industry in each census

tract. The five life cycle impacts listed below were calculated as totals for each industry in each

census tract, and then recalculated as life cycle impacts per job in each tract, resulting in 10

correlations with the 33 social indicators.

Total Impacts

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent CH4 emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent N20 emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent HFC/PFC emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Total terajoules of energy from all sectors in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Impacts per Job

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent CH4 emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent N2O emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Metric tons of CO2‐equivalent HFC/PFC emissions in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

B‐14

Total terajoules of energy from all sectors in 2010, US EIO‐LCA life cycle effect.

Results: No noteworthy correlations between these measures of life cycle environmental impacts

and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.03.

B.3.2.6 Emissions from Gasoline Consumed for Customer Trips to Establishments Located in Census Tracts

The California Emissions Estimator Model was used to estimate the number of customer trips

generated by each employee in each industry. This information was used together with the

other methodological steps described in the methods paper to estimate the emissions generated

by customer trips to establishments in each census tract. The two factors below, total emissions

by establishments’ customers and emissions per job were each correlated with the 33 social

indicators. These correlations address the question of whether locations with high levels of

customer traffic are associated with high levels of social impacts.

1. Total pounds per year of greenhouse gases emitted from gasoline consumed by public

customers in light vehicles traveling to establishments in each census tract.

2. Pounds per year per job of greenhouse gases emitted from gasoline consumed by public

customers in light vehicles traveling to establishments in each census tract.


and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was only 0.04.

B.3.2.7 Direct Industry Impacts in Census Tracts where Establishments are Located

The following 8 direct environmental impacts were estimated for each industry sector:

1. Total terajoules of energy directly consumed in 2010.

2. Total metric tons of total energy CO2 directly generated in 2010.

3. Total metric tons of greenhouse gases directly generated in 2010.

4. Total metric tons of CH4 directly generated in 2010.

5. Total metric tons of N2O directly generated in 2010.

6. Total metric tons of HFC/PFCs directly generated in 2010.

7. Total metric tons of PM10 directly generated in 2010.

8. Total metric tons of PM2.5 directly generated in 2010.

These impacts were estimated for the following 15 industry sectors in each census tract:

1. Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

B‐15

2. Utilities

3. Manufacturing

4. Wholesale trade

5. Retail trade

6. Transportation and warehousing

7. Information

8. Finance and insurance

9. Professional, scientific, and technical services

10. Administrative and support and waste management services

11. Educational services

12. Health care and social assistance

13. Arts, entertainment, and recreation

14. Accommodation and food services

15. Other services, except public administration

For each of the 15 industry sectors, the 8 environmental impacts were correlated with the 33

social indicators.

Results: High r‐squared values were obtained in the first two sectors, extractive industries and

utilities. The highest values obtained were 0.78 for the association between PM10 and PM2.5

emissions and the percent of households with public assistance income. However, these

associations may well be circular and produce falsely positive correlations. Only a small

number of census tracts had threshold levels of employment in extractive industries or utilities.

In the case of mining and other extractive industries, only 7 census tracts had 100 or more

workers in the industry as well as 300 residents; in the case of utilities, 42 census tracts met

these criteria. As a result, the high correlation between concentrations of activity in these

industries and high social impacts are not reliable because they may well not represent a

correlation between energy consumption or greenhouse emissions and social indicators. Rather,

they may well represent an association between proximity to inhospitable land uses in a small

number of neighborhoods and adverse social indicators.

B.3.2.8 Direct Environmental Impacts from Workers' Jobs Linked to their Place of Residence

Average energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for each job in each industry in Los

Angeles were computed. These averages were linked with census data about industry

employment by census tract to connect environmental impacts from workers’ jobs with the

place where they live rather than the place where they work. A total of 189 residence‐based

impacts were then correlated with the 33 social indicators.

B‐16

These correlations included the following 29 factors linked to the industries in which residents

are employed impacts per job:

1. Number of residents employed in Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

2. Number of residents employed in Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

3. Number of residents employed in Construction

4. Number of residents employed in Manufacturing

5. Number of residents employed in Wholesale trade

6. Number of residents employed in Retail trade

7. Number of residents employed in Transportation and warehousing

8. Number of residents employed in Utilities

9. Number of residents employed in Information

10. Number of residents employed in Finance and insurance

11. Number of residents employed in Real estate and rental and leasing

12. Number of residents employed in Professional, scientific, and technical services

13. Number of residents employed in Management of companies and enterprises

14. Number of residents employed in Administrative and support and waste management

services

15. Number of residents employed in Educational services

16. Number of residents employed in Health care and social assistance

17. Number of residents employed in Arts, entertainment, and recreation

18. Number of residents employed in Accommodation and food services

19. Number of residents employed in Other services, except public administration

20. Number of residents employed in Public administration

21. Total Employed Residents

22. Terajoules per job directly consumed by establishments that employed residents in 2010

23. Terajoules of gasoline energy per job for commuting

24. Terajoules of gasoline energy per job for customer trips

25. Total terajoules directly consumed per job, including establishment energy

consumption, worker commutes and customer trips in 2010

26. Metric tons of GHG per job

27. Metric tons of GHG emissions from commuting per job

28. Metric tons of GHG per job for customer trips

29. Total metric tons of direct GHG emissions per job, including establishment energy

consumption, worker commutes and customer trips in 2010

B‐17

Eight environmental impacts were investigated for each of 20 industries based on the census

tracts where those workers resided. The 8 environmental factors included:

1. Total terajoules directly consumed by establishments that employ residents in 2010

2. Total terajoules of gasoline energy commuting to work in private vehicles

3. Total terajoules of gasoline energy for customer trips to establishments where residents

work

4. Total terajoules directly consumed by establishments that employ residents, including

worker commutes and customer trips in 2010

5. Total metric tons of GHG emissions by establishments that employed residents in 2010

6. Total metric tons of GHG emissions from residentsʹ work commutes in private vehicles

7. Total metric tons of GHG for customer trips to establishments where residents work

8. Total metric tons of direct GHG emissions by establishments that employ residents,

including worker commutes and customer trips in 2010

The 20 industry sectors for which the 8 environmental factors were investigated included:

1. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

2. Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

3. Construction

4. Manufacturing

5. Wholesale trade

6. Retail trade

7. Transportation and warehousing

8. Utilities

9. Information

10. Finance and insurance

11. Real estate and rental and leasing

12. Professional, scientific, and technical services

13. Management of companies and enterprises

14. Administrative and support and waste management services

15. Educational services

16. Health care and social assistance

17. Arts, entertainment, and recreation

18. Accommodation and food services

19. Other services, except public administration

20. Public administration

B‐18


and social indicators were found. The strongest r‐squared value was quite high, 0.49; however,

all of the potentially significant r‐squared values appear to be tautological. That is, they are

correlations of the same thing measured in two different ways. For example, there are strong

correlations between low‐income groups such as immigrants and reduced emissions from

commuting because of bus ridership. This appears to be a circular relationship between low

income and the more frequent use of public transit by low‐income residents. There are also

potentially significant correlations between income and high‐income industries such as

Professional, scientific, and technical services, but this also appears to be a tautological

relationship between industries that pay high wages and workers that receive high wages.

There are also potentially significant correlations between being an immigrant and employment

in industries such as Construction, Manufacturing and Wholesale trade with high levels of

immigrant employment, but again, these appear to be tautological relationships between low‐

income workers and lower‐skill industries.

B.3.2.9 Direct Environmental Impacts per Job from Workers' Workplace Emissions Linked to their Place of Residence

Environmental impacts per job by workers’ place of residence were investigated for 8 categories

of impacts and 20 employing industries. The 20 employing industries are the same as those

listed above for Worksheet 7. The 8 environmental impacts are:

1. Direct terajoules of energy per job consumed by employer

2. Terajoules of gasoline energy consumed per job commuting to work

3. Terajoules of gasoline energy consumed per job by customers traveling to the

establishment

4. Total direct terajoules of energy per job, including energy consumed at the

establishment, in commuting and by customers traveling to the establishment

5. Metric tons of direct GHG emissions per job by employer

6. Metric tons of GHG emitted per job commuting to work

7. Metric tons of GHG emitted per job by customers traveling to the establishment

8. Total metric tons of direct GHG emissions per job, including establishment emissions,

commuting emissions and emissions from customer trips to the establishment

Results: No noteworthy correlations between these residence‐based environmental impacts and

social indicators were found. The only potentially significant correlation was an r‐squared value

of 0.23 for the association between income and employment in Professional, scientific, and

technical services; however, this is a tautological relationship.

B‐19

B.3.3 Implications of Not Finding Spatial Correlation in the Occurrence of Environmental and Social Indicators

A wide net was cast to find associations between social indicators and energy consumed and

greenhouse gases emitted by stationary commercial activities. This investigation did not find a

disproportionate association between energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and

adverse social conditions such as poverty, precarious or overcrowded housing or linguistic

isolation. Rather, the environmental externalities associated with intense energy use and release

of greenhouse gases appear to be broadly shared by all neighborhoods in Los Angeles County.

It is important to note that this task investigated stationary commercial activities that are part of

the formal economy. Energy consumption and emission sources not covered by this analysis

include:

1. Residential land uses.

2. Mobile emission sources on the roadways and off‐road sites where those emissions

occur. An essential part of this analysis was that the emissions needed to be in close

proximity to workers’ homes. This narrowed the industry‐specific emissions sources to

stationary sources, i.e., establishment sites.

3. Informal economic activity.

This information about the baseline relationship between energy, greenhouse gases and social

indicators points toward using industry‐specific factors including environmental impacts, wage

levels, and industry viability in assessing trade‐offs between energy, environmental and

socioeconomic policy goals and regulations. These directly linked industry factors constitute the

available tools for addressing the three dimensions of sustainability ‐ environmental, economic

and social equity for stationary commercial activities.

C‐1

APPENDIX C: Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, by Geographic Region

C.1 Direct Energy Consumption, GHG Emissions and Wages per Job

Variations in average terajoules, average metric tons of greenhouse gasses and annual average

wage, by 4‐digit NAICS industry, for Los Angeles County and City. Table cells with five or

fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; table cells with no employment are presented

with “‐“.

Table C.1.1: Direct Energy Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Wages, for Los Angeles County and City

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 Average Terajoules per

Job 2008

Average Terajoules per

Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011

Average Metric Tons of

GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Oilseed and Grain Farming

(1111) 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 133 96 62 94 $59,140 (s)

Vegetable and Melon Farming

(1112) 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 30 38 47 56 $26,393 $22,375

Fruit and Tree Nut Farming

(1113) 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 15 33 41 47 $24,953 $24,756

Greenhouse, Nursery, and

Floriculture Production (1114) 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 13 18 26 30 $27,081 $30,542

Other Crop Farming (1119) 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 85 96 108 87 $26,841 $29,755

Cattle Ranching and Farming

(1121) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 94 105 168 158 $43,279 $59,006

Poultry and Egg Production

(1123) 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.8 53 78 111 117 $16,401 (s)

Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) ‐

Aquaculture (1125) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 34 42 57 60 $37,236 (s)

Other Animal Production (1129) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 34 42 57 60 $38,726 $49,675

Forest Nurseries and Gathering

of Forest Products (1132) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Logging (1133) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $15,207 $15,207

Fishing (1141) 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 4 9 10 13 $98,243 $135,820

Hunting and Trapping (1142) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) ‐

Support Activities for Crop

Production (1151) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $33,728 $34,125

Support Activities for Animal

Production (1152) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $25,992 $33,400

Support Activities for Forestry

(1153) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $49,284 (s)

C‐2


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 6.7 3.4 3.5 4.3 833 428 444 544 $223,146 $511,071

Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Nonmetallic Mineral Mining

and Quarrying (2123) 2.3 1.4 2.1 1.8 5 3 5 4 $73,211 $68,554

Support Activities for Mining

(2131) 1.9 1.6 1.1 0.9 0 0 0 0 $88,622 $127,338

Electric Power Generation,

Transmission and

Distribution (2211)

87.9 74.2 88.7 81.8

1,546

1,305 1,561

1,439 $109,316 $109,356

Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 451 647 539 394 $83,114 $97,657

Water, Sewage and Other

Systems (2213) 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.3 321 352 373 222 $80,467 $87,091

Residential Building

Construction (2361) 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0 $46,134 $43,877

Nonresidential Building

Construction (2362) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $69,698 $74,425

Utility System Construction

(2371) 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $83,012 $71,520

Land Subdivision (2372) 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $80,251 $77,390

Highway, Street, and Bridge

Construction (2373) 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $71,981 $69,728

Other Heavy and Civil

Engineering Construction

(2379)

0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $77,175 $76,766

Foundation, Structure, and

Building Exterior Contractors

(2381)

0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $46,205 $39,889

Building Equipment Contractors

(2382) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $53,755 $48,995

Building Finishing Contractors

(2383) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 $38,418 $34,671

Other Specialty Trade

Contractors (2389) 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0 $46,864 $45,231

Animal Food Manufacturing

(3111) 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 17 18 22 19 $73,229 $56,337

Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 31 37 40 34 $53,102 $55,099

Sugar and Confectionery

Product Manufacturing (3113) 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 3 4 4 4 $44,487 $38,565

Fruit and Vegetable Preserving

and Specialty Food

Manufacturing (3114)

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 7 7 7 8 $46,878 $61,262

Dairy Product Manufacturing

(3115) 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 15 16 12 15 $75,916 $72,310

C‐3


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Animal Slaughtering and

Processing (3116) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 6 5 5 3 $35,126 $35,088

Seafood Product Preparation

and Packaging (3117) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 8 7 7 7 $29,697 $32,669

Bakeries and Tortilla

Manufacturing (3118) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 4 4 4 $33,692 $32,090

Other Food Manufacturing

(3119) 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 6 6 6 6 $45,478 $44,821

Beverage Manufacturing (3121) 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 13 10 11 10 $60,697 $64,927

Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills

(3131) 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 4 6 5 6 $27,827 $52,477

Fabric Mills (3132) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 13 11 10 12 $35,636 $40,465

Textile and Fabric Finishing and

Fabric Coating Mills (3133) 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 20 19 22 23 $30,919 $34,702

Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 3 3 3 3 $38,952 $33,196

Other Textile Product Mills

(3149) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 2 2 2 2 $34,474 $39,526

Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $31,527 $28,312

Cut and Sew Apparel

Manufacturing (3152) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,727 $30,474

Apparel Accessories and Other

Apparel Manufacturing

(3159)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 1 $36,641 $36,653

Leather and Hide Tanning and

Finishing (3161) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 1 0 0 $34,373 $59,510

Footwear Manufacturing (3162) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $28,426 $23,926

Other Leather and Allied


Sawmills and Wood

Preservation (3211) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $28,158 $48,648

Veneer, Plywood, and

Engineered Wood Product


0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 1 1 $36,359 $33,335

Other Wood Product

Manufacturing (3219) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $31,870 $29,966

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard

Mills (3221) 6.7 6.7 6.4 5.5 66 66 63 54 $41,316 (s)

Converted Paper Product

Manufacturing (3222) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 10 11 11 11 $53,821 $38,686

Printing and Related Support

Activities (3231) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $42,598 $40,767

C‐4


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Petroleum and Coal Products

Manufacturing (3241) 21.3 74.0 73.8

153.3 1,712

5,935

5,921

12,29

2

$109,659 $120,940

Basic Chemical Manufacturing

(3251) 4.3 5.3 4.9 5.1 308 354 338 354 $73,119 $67,627

Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and

Artificial Synthetic Fibers and

Filaments Manufacturing

(3252)

4.8 5.8 5.5 6.3 81 98 93 107 $59,524 $47,431

Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other

Agricultural Chemical


2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 272 293 318 280 $64,522 (s)

Pharmaceutical and Medicine

Manufacturing (3254) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 2 2 2 $58,238 $71,289

Paint, Coating, and Adhesive

Manufacturing (3255) 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 8 10 11 10 $62,508 $46,122

Soap, Cleaning Compound, and

Toilet Preparation


0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 7 8 10 8 $51,458 $58,576

Other Chemical Product and

Preparation Manufacturing

(3259)

0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 6 7 8 10 $75,805 $31,641

Plastics Product Manufacturing

(3261) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 1 1 1 $41,783 $41,461

Rubber Product Manufacturing

(3262) 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 2 1 2 2 $42,154 $33,091

Clay Product and Refractory

Manufacturing (3271) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 12 10 11 16 $35,078 $44,513

Glass and Glass Product

Manufacturing (3272) 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 13 11 14 11 $39,852 $37,705

Cement and Concrete Product

Manufacturing (3273) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 3 4 4 $48,228 $51,225

Lime and Gypsum Product

Manufacturing (3274) 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 247 203 190 215 $52,965 $39,367

Other Nonmetallic Mineral


Iron and Steel Mills and

Ferroalloy Manufacturing

(3311)

2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 117 117 105 90 $37,560 $47,845

Steel Product Manufacturing

from Purchased Steel (3312) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 2 2 2 $58,270 $61,892

Alumina and Aluminum

Production and Processing

(3313)

0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 17 15 11 20 $53,238 $46,994

C‐5


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Nonferrous Metal (except

Aluminum) Production and

Processing (3314)

0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 20 26 28 41 $54,540 $53,012

Foundries (3315) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 1 1 1 1 $52,348 $34,238

Forging and Stamping (3321) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 8 7 9 10 $54,890 $44,436

Cutlery and Handtool

Manufacturing (3322) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 2 1 $40,522 $44,575

Architectural and Structural

Metals Manufacturing (3323) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $42,902 $40,262

Boiler, Tank, and Shipping

Container Manufacturing

(3324)

0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 4 5 5 4 $66,742 $89,870

Hardware Manufacturing (3325) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $46,373 $28,938

Spring and Wire Product

Manufacturing (3326) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 2 1 $39,167 $34,108

Machine Shops; Turned Product;

and Screw, Nut, and Bolt


0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $52,942 $51,135

Coating, Engraving, Heat

Treating, and Allied Activities

(3328)

0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 6 6 6 6 $40,492 $40,252

Other Fabricated Metal Product

Manufacturing (3329) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 2 2 3 $58,138 $59,973

Agriculture, Construction, and

Mining Machinery


0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $61,696 $37,713

Industrial Machinery

Manufacturing (3332) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 1 $55,573 $43,287

Commercial and Service

Industry Machinery


0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 1 $77,258 $46,404

Ventilation, Heating, Air‐

Conditioning, and

Commercial Refrigeration

Equipment Manufacturing

(3334)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 1 $49,815 $48,579

Metalworking Machinery

Manufacturing (3335) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $44,792 $40,325

Engine, Turbine, and Power

Transmission Equipment


0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 1 1 1 $80,991 $85,257

Other General Purpose

Machinery Manufacturing

(3339)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $61,321 $43,212

C‐6


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Computer and Peripheral


(3341)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $92,579 $68,460

Communications Equipment

Manufacturing (3342) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $87,459 $48,713

Audio and Video Equipment

Manufacturing (3343) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $90,517 $92,261

Semiconductor and Other

Electronic Component


0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 3 3 3 $59,434 $54,551

Navigational, Measuring,

Electromedical, and Control

Instruments Manufacturing

(3345)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $103,797 $88,279

Manufacturing and

Reproducing Magnetic and

Optical Media (3346)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 1 1 $60,895 $61,257

Electric Lighting Equipment

Manufacturing (3351) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $47,820 $55,478

Household Appliance

Manufacturing (3352) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 1 1 $40,746 $47,308

Electrical Equipment

Manufacturing (3353) 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $48,444 $57,183

Other Electrical Equipment and

Component Manufacturing

(3359)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $70,508 $84,975

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing

(3361) 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 6 4 7 2 $74,881 $120,378

Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer

Manufacturing (3362) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 2 1 2 $42,877 $33,536

Motor Vehicle Parts

Manufacturing (3363) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $47,028 $58,709

Aerospace Product and Parts

Manufacturing (3364) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $95,609 $93,851

Railroad Rolling Stock

Manufacturing (3365) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 2 1 2 $33,652 (s)

Ship and Boat Building (3366) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 1 1 $45,021 $41,079

Other Transportation


(3369)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 2 1 1 $48,262 $80,215

Household and Institutional

Furniture and Kitchen

Cabinet Manufacturing (3371)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,872 $30,636

Office Furniture (including

Fixtures) Manufacturing

(3372)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $45,830 $44,946

C‐7


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Other Furniture Related Product

Manufacturing (3379) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $34,433 $26,620

Medical Equipment and

Supplies Manufacturing

(3391)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $61,874 $73,481

Other Miscellaneous

Manufacturing (3399) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $56,521 $42,909

Motor Vehicle and Motor

Vehicle Parts and Supplies

Merchant Wholesalers (4231)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $51,640 $37,819

Furniture and Home Furnishing

Merchant Wholesalers (4232) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $48,550 $48,353

Lumber and Other Construction

Materials Merchant

Wholesalers (4233)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $47,365 $47,676

Professional and Commercial

Equipment and Supplies

Merchant Wholesalers (4234)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $68,504 $57,340

Metal and Mineral (except

Petroleum) Merchant

Wholesalers (4235)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $65,089 $75,267

Electrical and Electronic Goods


Hardware, and Plumbing and

Heating Equipment and

Supplies Merchant

Wholesalers (4237)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $50,999 $38,729

Machinery, Equipment, and

Supplies Merchant

Wholesalers (4238)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $61,251 $55,746

Miscellaneous Durable Goods


Paper and Paper Product


Drugs and Druggistsʹ Sundries


Apparel, Piece Goods, and

Notions Merchant

Wholesalers (4243)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $46,549 $44,099

Grocery and Related Product


Farm Product Raw Material


Chemical and Allied Products


C‐8


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Petroleum and Petroleum

Products Merchant

Wholesalers (4247)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $75,244 $97,700

Beer, Wine, and Distilled

Alcoholic Beverage Merchant

Wholesalers (4248)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $59,328 $58,127

Miscellaneous Nondurable

Goods Merchant Wholesalers

(4249)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $42,659 $45,040

Wholesale Electronic Markets

and Agents and Brokers

(4251)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $60,496 $60,311

Automobile Dealers (4411) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $54,421 $55,337

Other Motor Vehicle Dealers

(4412) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $42,820 $34,748

Automotive Parts, Accessories,

and Tire Stores (4413) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $30,894 $31,580

Furniture Stores (4421) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $34,074 $32,029

Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $28,470 $30,773

Electronics and Appliance Stores

(4431) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $56,742 $68,037

Building Material and Supplies

Dealers (4441) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,327 $33,082

Lawn and Garden Equipment

and Supplies Stores (4442) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $27,073 $24,318

Grocery Stores (4451) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $27,350 $27,329

Specialty Food Stores (4452) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $25,528 $22,352

Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores

(4453) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $19,191 $21,152

Health and Personal Care Stores

(4461) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $37,139 $37,754

Gasoline Stations (4471) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 $27,890 $19,731

Clothing Stores (4481) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $20,542 $23,140

Shoe Stores (4482) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $23,132 $27,985

Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather

Goods Stores (4483) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $37,747 $34,606

Sporting Goods, Hobby, and

Musical Instrument Stores

(4511)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $22,469 $29,819

Book, Periodical, and Music

Stores (4512) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $18,297 $19,580

Department Stores (4521) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $21,042 $24,020

C‐9


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Other General Merchandise

Stores (4529) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,708 $24,421

Florists (4531) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $22,805 $27,468

Office Supplies, Stationery, and

Gift Stores (4532) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $32,191 $32,289

Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $21,313 $23,293

Other Miscellaneous Store

Retailers (4539) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $30,561 $30,972

Electronic Shopping and Mail‐

Order Houses (4541) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 $59,063 $71,932

Vending Machine Operators

(4542) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 $42,263 $49,960

Direct Selling Establishments

(4543) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 $34,970 $36,953

Scheduled Air Transportation

(4811) 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.2

1,237

1,287

1,482

1,442 $61,032 $60,431

Nonscheduled Air

Transportation (4812) 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.2

1,237

1,287

1,482

1,442 $85,679 $85,342

Rail Transportation (4821) 7.7 5.4 4.7 3.7

1,752

1,229 1,061 847 $45,155 (s)

Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great

Lakes Water Transportation

(4831)

0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 48 57 64 76 $65,682 $60,645

Inland Water Transportation

(4832) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 48 57 64 76 $57,683 $64,867

General Freight Trucking (4841) 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 346 312 355 343 $42,233 $38,898

Specialized Freight Trucking

(4842) 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 346 312 355 343 $41,276 $37,074

Urban Transit Systems (4851) 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $50,941 $51,791

Interurban and Rural Bus

Transportation (4852) 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $44,672 $37,081

Taxi and Limousine Service

(4853) 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $31,254 $32,196

School and Employee Bus

Transportation (4854) 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $27,401 $26,837

Charter Bus Industry (4855) 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $34,085 $44,546

Other Transit and Ground

Passenger Transportation

(4859)

0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 109 105 130 127 $30,124 $30,065

Pipeline Transportation of

Crude Oil (4861) 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 123 120 127 137 $119,596 (s)

Pipeline Transportation of

Natural Gas (4862) 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 123 120 127 137 $101,868 $102,095

C‐10


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Other Pipeline Transportation

(4869) 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 123 120 127 137 $94,842 $66,748

Scenic and Sightseeing

Transportation, Land (4871) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $33,941 $26,678


Transportation, Water (4872) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $22,464 $17,938


Transportation, Other (4879) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0 $125,593 (s)

Support Activities for Air

Transportation (4881) 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 7 5 6 2 $45,506 $44,440

Support Activities for Rail

Transportation (4882) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $43,386 (s)

Support Activities for Water

Transportation (4883) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 46 35 39 12 $81,301 $86,487

Support Activities for Road

Transportation (4884) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $34,230 $37,503

Freight Transportation

Arrangement (4885) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $53,262 $53,912

Other Support Activities for

Transportation (4889) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 47 35 39 13 $68,705 $80,667

Postal Service (4911) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 2 2 2 $60,054 $60,404

Couriers and Express Delivery

Services (4921) 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 225 246 287 211 $47,212 $52,419

Local Messengers and Local

Delivery (4922) 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 225 246 287 211 $25,930 $21,437

Warehousing and Storage (4931) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 3 4 4 $47,130 $53,182

Newspaper, Periodical, Book,

and Directory Publishers

(5111)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $73,616 $83,916

Software Publishers (5112) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $141,587 $137,905

Motion Picture and Video

Industries (5121) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $95,157 $130,686

Sound Recording Industries

(5122) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $101,075 $82,786

Radio and Television

Broadcasting (5151) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $114,942 $120,260

Cable and Other Subscription

Programming (5152) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $105,087 $95,822

Wired Telecommunications

Carriers (5171) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $87,606 $83,159

Wireless Telecommunications

Carriers (except Satellite)

(5172)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $63,021 $68,423

Satellite Telecommunications

(5174) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $74,652 $74,003

C‐11


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Other Telecommunications

(5179) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $86,812 $96,168

Data Processing, Hosting, and

Related Services (5182) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $79,507 $64,022

Other Information Services

(5191) 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0 $79,378 $62,783

Monetary Authorities‐Central

Bank (5211) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $113,332 $90,268

Depository Credit

Intermediation (5221) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $65,480 $75,275

Nondepository Credit

Intermediation (5222) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $70,150 $60,949

Activities Related to Credit

Intermediation (5223) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $64,330 $78,060

Securities and Commodity

Contracts Intermediation and

Brokerage (5231)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $209,470 $258,272

Securities and Commodity

Exchanges (5232) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $68,971 $165,066

Other Financial Investment

Activities (5239) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $236,254 $306,339

Insurance Carriers (5241) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $90,135 $103,135

Agencies, Brokerages, and Other

Insurance Related Activities

(5242)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $72,425 $80,768

Insurance and Employee Benefit

Funds (5251) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $53,695 $53,077

Other Investment Pools and

Funds (5259) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $101,317 $107,608

Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $44,843 $40,155

Offices of Real Estate Agents

and Brokers (5312) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $71,281 $78,229

Activities Related to Real Estate

(5313) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $50,090 $53,402

Automotive Equipment Rental

and Leasing (5321) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $46,760 $43,538

Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $39,634 $48,719

General Rental Centers (5323) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $49,695 $42,189

Commercial and Industrial

Machinery and Equipment

Rental and Leasing (5324)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $65,572 $72,826

Lessors of Nonfinancial

Intangible Assets (except

Copyrighted Works) (5331)

0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 3 7 7 7 $99,599 $115,163

C‐12


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Legal Services (5411) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $105,037 $112,501

Accounting, Tax Preparation,

Bookkeeping, and Payroll

Services (5412)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $67,980 $69,098

Architectural, Engineering, and


Specialized Design Services

(5414) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $66,666 $66,957

Computer Systems Design and


Management, Scientific, and

Technical Consulting Services

(5416)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $69,002 $67,802

Scientific Research and

Development Services (5417) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 1 $102,193 $79,242

Advertising, Public Relations,

and Related Services (5418) 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 $94,510 $110,373

Other Professional, Scientific,

and Technical Services (5419) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $45,972 $55,719

Management of Companies and

Enterprises (5511) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $94,565 $101,948

Office Administrative Services

(5611) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0 0 $75,578 $72,478

Facilities Support Services (5612) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 1 $31,859 $30,733

Employment Services (5613) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $27,183 $34,940

Business Support Services (5614) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $37,619 $35,767

Travel Arrangement and

Reservation Services (5615) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 2 3 3 $49,583 $58,813

Investigation and Security

Services (5616) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,389 $22,805

Services to Buildings and

Dwellings (5617) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $26,356 $26,332

Other Support Services (5619) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 0 1 $39,789 $37,344

Waste Collection (5621) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 31 31 43 $55,572 $49,792

Waste Treatment and Disposal

(5622) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 31 31 43 $59,224 $65,091

Remediation and Other Waste

Management Services (5629) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 31 31 43 $45,753 $40,984

Elementary and Secondary

Schools (6111) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $47,226 $47,224

Junior Colleges (6112) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $50,890 $53,615

Colleges, Universities, and

Professional Schools (6113) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $62,803 $67,726

C‐13


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Business Schools and Computer

and Management Training

(6114)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $42,725 $38,691

Technical and Trade Schools

(6115) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $44,135 $47,086

Other Schools and Instruction

(6116) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,333 $29,685

Educational Support Services

(6117) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $34,148 $33,535

Offices of Physicians (6211) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $74,721 $75,243

Offices of Dentists (6212) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $40,371 $40,422

Offices of Other Health

Practitioners (6213) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $35,471 $34,943

Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $56,530 $55,360

Medical and Diagnostic

Laboratories (6215) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $52,479 $57,672

Home Health Care Services

(6216) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $28,329 $29,463

Other Ambulatory Health Care

Services (6219) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $38,618 $42,949

General Medical and Surgical

Hospitals (6221) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 0 $68,328 $68,034

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse

Hospitals (6222) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 0 $48,810 $47,057

Specialty (except Psychiatric and

Substance Abuse) Hospitals

(6223)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 1 1 0 $51,025 $45,263

Nursing Care Facilities (6231) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $30,464 $31,469

Residential Mental Retardation,

Mental Health and Substance

Abuse Facilities (6232)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $32,421 $38,438

Community Care Facilities for

the Elderly (6233) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $25,264 $28,568

Other Residential Care Facilities

(6239) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $31,947 $32,564

Individual and Family Services

(6241) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $36,608 $42,404

Community Food and Housing,

and Emergency and Other

Relief Services (6242)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 1 1 1 $36,260 $35,330

Vocational Rehabilitation

Services (6243) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 1 1 1 $25,692 $28,629

Child Day Care Services (6244) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $24,700 $24,644

C‐14


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Performing Arts Companies

(7111) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $125,220 $63,059

Spectator Sports (7112) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $106,154 $120,051

Promoters of Performing Arts,

Sports, and Similar Events

(7113)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $51,443 $48,041

Agents and Managers for

Artists, Athletes, Entertainers,

and Other Public Figures

(7114)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $131,266 $144,988

Independent Artists, Writers,

and Performers (7115) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $350,545 $367,379

Museums, Historical Sites, and

Similar Institutions (7121) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 2 1 1 1 $44,641 $47,174

Amusement Parks and Arcades

(7131) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 0 0 $40,845 $23,866

Gambling Industries (7132) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 0 0 $27,637 $26,495

Other Amusement and

Recreation Industries (7139) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $22,727 $25,460

Traveler Accommodation (7211) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4 4 4 4 $30,143 $31,479

RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks

and Recreational Camps

(7212)

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 3 3 3 2 $25,916 $32,339

Rooming and Boarding Houses

(7213) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 4 5 5 $28,855 $27,998

Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 0.1 0.1 0.1 ‐ 2 2 2 ‐ ‐ ‐

Limited‐Service Eating Places

(7222) 0.1 0.1 0.1 ‐ 2 2 2 ‐ ‐ ‐

Special Food Services (7223) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $24,559 $25,070

Drinking Places (Alcoholic

Beverages) (7224) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $16,077 $16,203

Other Restaurants and Eating

Places (7225) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 2 2 $17,530 $18,300

Automotive Repair and

Maintenance (8111) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1 2 1 $29,878 $30,085

Electronic and Precision

Equipment Repair and

Maintenance (8112)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $41,538 $42,360

Commercial and Industrial

Machinery and Equipment

(except Automotive and

Electronic) Repair and

Maintenance (8113)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1 1 1 $54,340 $53,921

C‐15


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Job 2008


Job 2009


Job 2010


Job 2011


GHG per Job 2008


GHG per Job 2009


GHG per Job 2010


GHG per Job 2011

Los Angeles County

Annual Average Wage

2011

City of Los Angeles

Annual Average Wage

2011

Personal & Household Goods

Repair & Maintenance (8114) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 2 1 1 $32,730 $32,039

Personal Care Services (8121) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 $21,399 $21,253

Death Care Services (8122) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 5 5 4 $49,169 $49,381

Drycleaning and Laundry

Services (8123) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 2 1 $26,486 $25,641

Other Personal Services (8129) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 2 1 1 $26,399 $26,526

Religious Organizations (8131) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 $28,012 $30,778

Grantmaking and Giving

Services (8132) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 2 2 $51,082 $51,102

Social Advocacy Orgs .(8133) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 2 2 2 $41,776 $47,801

Civic & Social Orgs. (8134) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 5 5 5 $22,255 $22,183

Business, Professional, Labor,

Political, and Similar

Organizations (8139)

0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 5 5 5 $60,953 $66,367

Private Households (8141) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $13,470 $13,957

Executive, Legislative, and

Other General Government

Support (9211)

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 14 14 15 15 $61,652 $63,569

Justice, Public Order, and Safety

Activities (9221) 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 15 15 14 17 $84,945 $86,647

Administration of Human

Resource Programs (9231) 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 17 16 13 17 $71,848 $74,241

Administration of

Environmental Quality

Programs (9241)

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 9 10 10 $64,245 $65,706

Administration of Housing

Programs, Urban Planning,

and Community

Development (9251)

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 14 14 15 15 $70,252 $72,637

Administration of Economic

Program (9261) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 8 8 10 10 $73,541 $71,806

Space Research and Technology

(9271) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) ‐

National Security and

International Affairs (9281) 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 8 7 7 6 $85,144 $77,895

Unclassified (9999) 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 18 13 9 14 $53,518 $63,559

TOTAL 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 21 25 28 33 $53,360 $57,512

Sources: California Employment Development Department; California MRIO-LCA model; California Energy Commission; IMPLAN software and data for Los Angeles County.

C‐16

C.1.2 Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions

Variations in 2011 annual average wages of workers employed in the nine SCAG subreagions,

by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Table cells with five or fewer establishments are suppressed as “(s)”;

table cells with no employment are presented with “‐“.

Table C.1.2: Annual Wages per Job by SCAG Subregions

SCAG Subregions

Industry Title

& 3‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 San

Fernan

do

Valley

North L.A.

County

L.A. C

ity

Arroyo

Verdugo

San Gabriel

Valley COG

Westside

Cities

South Bay

Cities COG

Gatew

ay

Cities COG

Las

Virgenes

Malibu

Crop Production (111) $28,322 $27,526 $28,322 ‐ $26,555 $28,434 $27,582 $25,272 $27,630

Animal Production (112) $51,738 $22,638 $51,738 $100,000 $36,971 ‐ $46,909 $36,961 $18,414

Forestry and Logging (113) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $13,271 ‐ ‐ $50,602 (s)

Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $19,942 $53,297 $24,420 (s)

Support Activities for Agriculture

and Forestry (115) $30,205 $15,038 $30,205 $10,849 $35,548 $43,444 $52,381 $24,829 $24,409

Oil and Gas Extraction (211) $71,349 ‐ $71,349 ‐ ‐ $128,178 $130,511 $151,947 (s)

Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) $80,013 $76,511 $80,013 ‐ $76,898 ‐ ‐ ‐ (s)

Support Activities for Mining (213) $113,172 ‐ $113,172 $18,720 $58,390 $51,537 $86,468 $63,806 (s)

Utilities (221) $89,377 $86,104 $89,377 $76,902 $97,428 $77,508 $88,990 $80,709 (s)

Construction of Buildings (236) $50,547 $44,008 $50,547 $36,356 $54,861 $70,408 $55,629 $57,659 $46,804

Heavy and Civil Engineering

Construction (237) $73,713 $60,997 $73,713 $105,249 $92,595 $94,480 $73,062 $75,834 $80,033

Specialty Trade Contractors (238) $43,756 $45,255 $43,756 $36,075 $49,056 $53,714 $47,939 $53,136 $40,511

Food Manufacturing (311) $60,119 $38,828 $60,119 $15,801 $42,340 $25,760 $40,703 $43,731 $35,141

Beverage and Tobacco Product

Manufacturing (312) $82,106 $39,809 $82,106 ‐ $75,057 $27,936 $62,741 $50,794 (s)

Textile Mills (313) $39,186 $21,461 $39,186 ‐ $25,744 $34,575 $43,838 $27,944 (s)

Textile Product Mills (314) $35,375 $19,873 $35,375 ‐ $42,796 $39,822 $34,848 $36,702 (s)

Apparel Manufacturing (315) $44,530 $21,188 $44,530 $18,349 $31,838 $49,865 $62,853 $34,030 $75,598

Leather and Allied Product

Manufacturing (316) $33,372 ‐ $33,372 ‐ $28,612 $23,159 $32,663 $31,980 (s)

Wood Product Manufacturing (321) $35,277 $20,596 $35,277 ‐ $31,730 $10,836 $32,662 $33,786 (s)

Paper Manufacturing (322) $25,848 ‐ $25,848 ‐ $55,020 $77,076 $47,312 $56,980 (s)


Activities (323) $51,053 $32,440 $51,053 $36,907 $37,926 $46,328 $47,551 $37,419 $58,355


Manufacturing (324) $144,482 $94,991 $144,482 ‐ $82,884 $60,717 $119,704 $88,005 (s)

Chemical Manufacturing (325) $54,860 $61,054 $54,860 $109,917 $50,625 $198,491 $56,948 $51,318 $32,203

Plastics and Rubber Products

Manufacturing (326) $40,605 $26,970 $40,605 $8,448 $37,756 $52,515 $44,114 $45,386 (s)

Nonmetallic Mineral Product

Manufacturing (327) $42,015 $42,960 $42,015 ‐ $42,629 $48,412 $41,037 $45,771 $35,997

Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) $42,113 $32,085 $42,113 ‐ $45,608 ‐ $56,890 $57,861 (s)

Fabricated Metal Product

Manufacturing (332) $51,382 $32,338 $51,382 $36,510 $47,663 $41,306 $57,012 $48,615 $51,105

Machinery Manufacturing (333) $71,580 $56,164 $71,580 ‐ $58,641 $45,470 $58,488 $55,254 $87,266

C‐17


SCAG Subregions

Industry Title

& 3‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 San

Fernan

do

Valley

North L.A.

County

L.A. C

ity

Arroyo

Verdugo

San Gabriel

Valley COG

Westside

Cities

South Bay

Cities COG

Gatew

ay

Cities COG

Las

Virgenes

Malibu

Computer and Electronic Product

Manufacturing (334) $77,064 $93,712 $77,064 $62,466 $68,995 $116,747 $108,020 $54,733 $150,574

Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and

Component Manufacturing (335) $62,738 $35,980 $62,738 ‐ $49,624 $44,189 $56,854 $50,719 $165,280

Transportation Equipment

Manufacturing (336) $69,995 $98,324 $69,995 $5,400 $77,529 $74,791 $94,621 $86,321 (s)

Furniture and Related Product

Manufacturing (337) $37,747 $34,315 $37,747 ‐ $37,000 $30,341 $40,152 $34,872 $70,185

Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) $61,463 $29,822 $61,463 $36,026 $52,470 $55,143 $102,164 $46,025 $46,715

Merchant Wholesalers, Durable

Goods (423) $60,878 $35,957 $60,878 $75,223 $49,674 $88,981 $78,670 $58,928 $88,770

Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable

Goods (424) $52,465 $44,727 $52,465 $53,556 $46,402 $60,600 $48,231 $50,963 $76,852

Wholesale Electronic Markets and

Agents and Brokers (425) $62,404 $41,117 $62,404 $91,884 $53,909 $103,534 $64,792 $53,733 $87,219

Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) $49,255 $36,333 $49,255 $26,471 $45,714 $61,006 $47,515 $45,386 $66,770

Furniture and Home Furnishings

Stores (442) $26,624 $26,454 $26,624 $15,653 $26,454 $35,287 $33,512 $32,715 $31,602


(443) $64,433 $20,420 $64,433 $29,623 $41,185 $64,888 $62,840 $37,301 $42,001

Building Material and Garden

Equipment and Supplies Dealers

(444)

$31,650 $27,036 $31,650 $24,598 $29,435 $47,977 $31,811 $32,455 $33,938

Food and Beverage Stores (445) $26,495 $22,843 $26,495 $28,502 $24,776 $27,552 $31,343 $27,740 $29,854

Health and Personal Care Stores (446) $35,592 $34,676 $35,592 $43,929 $36,399 $42,044 $37,777 $35,643 $40,495

Gasoline Stations (447) $19,011 $16,458 $19,011 $21,665 $22,666 $19,620 $70,691 $24,395 $28,846

Clothing and Clothing Accessories

Stores (448) $17,379 $14,485 $17,379 $14,011 $18,695 $35,461 $17,848 $17,964 $30,940

Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and

Music Stores (451) $18,222 $13,317 $18,222 $13,835 $18,515 $25,132 $18,090 $18,957 $27,203

General Merchandise Stores (452) $22,758 $21,114 $22,758 $15,143 $20,855 $28,333 $22,545 $21,967 $24,065

Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) $27,485 $17,457 $27,485 $22,401 $23,917 $41,256 $24,849 $33,224 $26,429

Nonstore Retailers (454) $42,384 $23,620 $42,384 $41,517 $39,655 $73,695 $55,765 $40,700 $86,310

Air Transportation (481) $72,770 ‐ $72,770 ‐ $47,953 $82,640 $61,549 $68,219 (s)

Rail Transportation (482) $44,685 ‐ $44,685 ‐ ‐ ‐ $45,704 ‐ (s)

Water Transportation (483) $72,027 $27,000 $72,027 ‐ $41,811 $24,088 $46,004 $54,715 (s)

Truck Transportation (484) $34,992 $28,914 $34,992 $31,155 $37,640 $35,916 $43,029 $45,641 $33,194

Transit and Ground Passenger

Transportation (485) $38,600 $28,252 $38,600 $24,213 $32,599 $55,370 $43,695 $33,887 $20,682

Pipeline Transportation (486) $102,054 $67,762 $102,054 ‐ $69,480 ‐ $83,353 $116,245 (s)


Transportation (487) $36,412 ‐ $36,412 ‐ $20,031 $25,484 $44,833 $30,866 (s)

Support Activities for Transportation

(488) $50,325 $34,877 $50,325 $87,918 $42,880 $52,607 $49,892 $68,588 $65,000

Postal Service (491) $59,802 $57,019 $59,802 $58,698 $60,824 $62,249 $60,563 $58,648 $57,985

Couriers and Messengers (492) $41,247 $37,953 $41,247 $14,833 $43,839 $41,915 $40,692 $37,236 (s)

Warehousing and Storage (493) $49,250 $42,478 $49,250 ‐ $44,090 $37,885 $46,519 $48,068 (s)

C‐18


SCAG Subregions

Industry Title

& 3‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 San

Fernan

do

Valley

North L.A.

County

L.A. C

ity

Arroyo

Verdugo

San Gabriel

Valley COG

Westside

Cities

South Bay

Cities COG

Gatew

ay

Cities COG

Las

Virgenes

Malibu

Publishing Industries (except

Internet) (511) $78,492 $35,040 $78,492 $35,596 $59,905 $164,060 $84,022 $40,326 $93,858

Motion Picture and Sound Recording

Industries (512) $80,922 $16,138 $80,922 $71,661 $39,574 $135,503 $68,651 $19,257 $87,305

Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) $118,852 $47,029 $118,852 $10,893 $50,472 $131,506 $85,317 $49,084 $177,743

Telecommunications (517) $82,048 $61,474 $82,048 $70,928 $70,289 $86,947 $102,167 $61,913 $83,120

Data Processing, Hosting and Related

Services (518) $66,893 $48,197 $66,893 $81,556 $84,720 $119,964 $70,847 $77,304 $31,196

Other Information Services (519) $92,647 $11,957 $92,647 ‐ $74,226 $114,501 $67,611 $38,919 $118,660

Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank

(521) $108,601 ‐ $108,601 ‐ $261,341 ‐ ‐ $63,036 (s)

Credit Intermediation and Related

Activities (522) $56,175 $34,191 $56,175 $52,481 $59,907 $95,218 $73,616 $42,030 $112,009

Securities, Commodity Contracts, and

Other Financial Investments and

Related Activities (523)

$103,913 $50,136 $103,913 $50,501 $117,155 $199,004 $109,119 $90,281 $131,036

Insurance Carriers and Related

Activities (524) $83,911 $40,664 $83,911 $66,849 $59,687 $94,823 $76,898 $62,257 $89,510

Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial

Vehicles (525) $66,094 ‐ $66,094 $153,232 $45,252 $139,427 $93,658 $54,455 $63,017

Real Estate (531) $47,042 $26,480 $47,042 $50,943 $39,195 $69,364 $54,205 $44,991 $55,139

Rental and Leasing Services (532) $46,661 $37,480 $46,661 $8,332 $35,128 $43,385 $54,469 $48,821 $42,189

Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible

Assets (except Copyrighted Works)

(533)

$98,109 $47,518 $98,109 $56,568 $72,075 $112,643 $62,735 $27,934 $123,817

Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services (541) $70,800 $41,307 $70,800 $48,638 $72,338 $104,655 $115,476 $55,814 $81,961


Enterprises (551) $87,690 $58,879 $87,690 $66,282 $97,871 $118,975 $95,140 $72,471 $145,253

Administrative and Support Services

(561) $34,415 $24,464 $34,415 $46,497 $31,100 $41,442 $31,776 $24,369 $49,002

Waste Management and Remediation

Services (562) $54,288 $53,747 $54,288 ‐ $54,792 $50,366 $43,629 $57,418 $34,772

Educational Services (611) $45,270 $45,175 $45,270 $50,485 $46,471 $44,384 $45,081 $47,879 $56,972

Ambulatory Health Care Services

(621) $53,615 $57,044 $53,615 $62,698 $53,848 $67,055 $53,048 $52,492 $67,533

Hospitals (622) $63,650 $61,304 $63,650 ‐ $62,139 $99,793 $55,631 $59,389 $42,773

Nursing and Residential Care

Facilities (623) $30,729 $28,152 $30,729 $17,497 $28,425 $31,581 $28,568 $27,340 $35,597

Social Assistance (624) $26,406 $25,181 $26,406 $23,199 $26,304 $37,220 $27,006 $27,149 $29,024

Performing Arts, Spectator Sports,

and Related Industries (711) $217,739 $33,816 $217,739 $239,038 $72,610 $270,418 $154,743 $39,508 $203,129


Similar Institutions (712) $35,719 $26,437 $35,719 $33,902 $29,072 $58,802 $118,825 $30,643 (s)

Amusement, Gambling, and

Recreation Industries (713) $30,804 $14,828 $30,804 $19,761 $18,656 $22,822 $22,117 $24,806 $21,418

Accommodation (721) $26,987 $24,209 $26,987 ‐ $26,274 $36,020 $24,006 $24,758 $25,408

Food Services and Drinking Places

(722) $17,271 $14,996 $17,271 $16,617 $15,804 $21,866 $17,146 $16,340 $26,034

Repair and Maintenance (811) $30,533 $29,329 $30,533 $27,194 $32,964 $30,884 $33,373 $37,235 $32,300

C‐19


SCAG Subregions

Industry Title

& 3‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 San

Fernan

do

Valley

North L.A.

County

L.A. C

ity

Arroyo

Verdugo

San Gabriel

Valley COG

Westside

Cities

South Bay

Cities COG

Gatew

ay

Cities COG

Las

Virgenes

Malibu

Personal and Laundry Services (812) $25,985 $18,283 $25,985 $21,425 $24,997 $31,942 $22,904 $24,991 $19,817

Religious, Grantmaking, Civic,

Professional, and Similar

Organizations (813)

$47,053 $20,372 $47,053 $14,391 $38,178 $54,008 $30,229 $33,343 $39,058

Private Households (814) $12,207 $14,090 $12,207 $15,532 $11,406 $20,197 $15,107 $12,952 $22,421

Executive, Legislative, and Other

General Government Support (921) $72,792 $41,125 $72,792 $66,032 $59,405 $73,313 $68,383 $51,933 $44,203


Activities (922) $97,265 $45,261 $97,265 ‐ $90,552 $105,857 $91,516 $87,203 (s)

Administration of Human Resource

Programs (923) $71,479 $64,045 $71,479 ‐ $61,945 $75,121 $54,124 $66,289 (s)

Administration of Environmental

Quality Programs (924) $51,730 $42,982 $51,730 ‐ $77,967 $48,631 $76,181 $52,751 (s)

Administration of Housing Programs,

Urban Planning, and Community

Development (925)

$78,744 ‐ $78,744 ‐ $62,920 $93,095 $59,022 ‐ (s)


Programs (926) $30,313 $36,545 $30,313 ‐ $48,284 $64,725 $106,454 $49,200 (s)

Space Research and Technology (927) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $118,218 (s)

National Security and International

Affairs (928) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $92,062 ‐ $29,934 $86,465 (s)

Unclassified (999) $59,299 $27,498 $59,299 $47,393 $30,579 $101,311 $46,349 $25,902 $75,194

TOTAL $51,266 $40,241 $51,266 $39,547 $44,434 $72,979 $58,594 $43,099 $64,458

Source: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County.

C‐20

C.1.3 Average gallons of gasoline and metric tons of GHG per job for public trips, Los Angeles County

Variations in average gallons of gasoline per job for public trips 2011, and average metric tons

of GHG per job from public trips 2008, by 4‐digit NAICS industry. Table cells with five or fewer

establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; table cells with no employment are presented with “‐“.

Table C.1.3: Average Gallons of Gasoline and Metric Tons of GHG per Job for Public Trips

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 Average gallons of gasoline per

job for public trips 2008

Average gallons of gasoline per






Average metric tons of GHG

per job from public trips 2008







Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) 103.92 107.83 111.51 112.50 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.00

Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Automobile Dealers (4411) 364.81 376.63 384.31 382.33 3.25 3.36 3.42 3.41

Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) 364.81 376.63 384.31 382.33 3.25 3.36 3.42 3.41

Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores (4413) 603.25 622.31 634.49 627.11 5.38 5.55 5.65 5.59

Furniture Stores (4421) 255.89 264.18 269.57 268.19 2.28 2.35 2.40 2.39

Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 216.88 224.44 226.95 223.42 1.93 2.00 2.02 1.99

Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) 398.26 416.35 425.70 424.40 3.55 3.71 3.79 3.78

Building Material and Supplies Dealers (4441) 477.62 490.41 495.71 491.96 4.26 4.37 4.42 4.38

Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores (4442) 382.28 394.58 402.58 400.52 3.41 3.52 3.59 3.57

Grocery Stores (4451) 1634.29 1676.18 1717.78 1734.65 14.56 14.94 15.31 15.46

Specialty Food Stores (4452) 385.86 398.36 406.49 404.40 3.44 3.55 3.62 3.60

Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) 385.86 398.36 406.49 404.40 3.44 3.55 3.62 3.60

Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) 757.27 781.83 784.03 771.77 6.75 6.97 6.99 6.88

Gasoline Stations (4471) 2800.41 2880.27 2930.92 2911.43 24.96 25.67 26.12 25.94

Clothing Stores (4481) 387.17 399.71 407.86 405.76 3.45 3.56 3.63 3.62

Shoe Stores (4482) 387.17 399.71 407.86 405.76 3.45 3.56 3.63 3.62

Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores (4483) 387.17 399.71 407.86 405.76 3.45 3.56 3.63 3.62

Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instr. Stores (4511) 396.73 408.00 417.90 415.59 3.54 3.64 3.72 3.70

Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) 1542.28 1681.49 1772.06 1783.29 13.74 14.98 15.79 15.89

Department Stores (4521) 475.89 494.04 503.77 500.98 4.24 4.40 4.49 4.46

Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) 654.89 678.29 691.58 688.56 5.84 6.04 6.16 6.14

Florists (4531) 330.74 341.45 348.42 346.63 2.95 3.04 3.10 3.09

Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores (4532) 314.52 324.08 329.98 328.06 2.80 2.89 2.94 2.92

C‐21


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

















Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 330.74 341.45 348.42 346.63 2.95 3.04 3.10 3.09

Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 337.39 347.29 356.93 354.41 3.01 3.09 3.18 3.16

Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 298.65 306.10 307.53 302.13 2.66 2.73 2.74 2.69

Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 232.41 239.72 244.62 243.32 2.07 2.14 2.18 2.17

Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) 231.92 239.21 243.80 241.30 2.07 2.13 2.17 2.15

Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transp. (4831) 52.48 55.18 56.54 56.36 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.50

Inland Water Transportation (4832) 44.81 43.08 44.47 41.55 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.37

Urban Transit Systems (4851) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63

Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation (4852) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63

Charter Bus Industry (4855) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (4871) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water (4872) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other (4879) 67.13 69.30 70.72 70.35 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63

Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881) 9.66 9.51 10.06 10.21 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09

Postal Service (4911) 418.90 432.47 441.29 439.02 3.73 3.85 3.93 3.91

Couriers and Express Delivery Services (4921) 401.42 414.42 422.87 420.70 3.58 3.69 3.77 3.75

Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) 401.42 414.42 422.87 420.70 3.58 3.69 3.77 3.75

Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) 52.27 58.02 58.42 52.53 0.47 0.52 0.52 0.47

Other Information Services (5191) 296.59 304.43 292.60 286.01 2.64 2.71 2.61 2.55

Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) 1192.56 1248.22 1275.00 1268.28 10.63 11.12 11.36 11.30

Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) 327.09 318.05 320.80 316.49 2.91 2.83 2.86 2.82

Activities Related to Credit Intermediation (5223) 16.12 16.60 16.53 16.99 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15

Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and

Brokerage (5231) 17.90 17.89 18.23 18.21 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 28.51 29.37 29.92 29.86 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27

Insurance Carriers (5241) 28.34 29.39 30.02 29.75 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27

Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related

Activities (5242) 23.85 24.61 25.02 25.05 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22

Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27

Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) 7.14 7.75 7.78 8.34 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07

Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 24.72 25.82 26.49 26.16 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.23

Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers (5312) 34.46 35.58 36.31 36.12 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32

Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) 21.87 22.78 23.51 23.42 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21

Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing (5321) 323.34 334.33 341.53 336.79 2.88 2.98 3.04 3.00

Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 668.11 687.94 657.46 649.67 5.95 6.13 5.86 5.79

C‐22


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

















General Rental Centers (5323) 401.42 414.42 422.87 420.70 3.58 3.69 3.77 3.75

Legal Services (5411) 28.14 29.28 29.89 29.70 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.26

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll

Services (5412) 19.30 20.49 20.85 19.58 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.17

Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services (5413) 25.73 26.44 27.02 26.99 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24

Specialized Design Services (5414) 6.28 6.11 5.74 5.57 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05

Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (5419) 123.62 131.30 127.63 129.78 1.10 1.17 1.14 1.16

Employment Services (5613) 25.21 25.33 26.28 26.04 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23

Business Support Services (5614) 237.93 241.63 243.88 260.74 2.12 2.15 2.17 2.32

Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27

Investigation and Security Services (5616) 26.61 26.79 28.37 25.39 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.23

Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 7.04 7.52 7.95 7.75 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07

Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 152.51 156.99 164.19 166.39 1.36 1.40 1.46 1.48

Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) 144.31 148.98 152.02 151.24 1.29 1.33 1.35 1.35

Junior Colleges (6112) 148.92 153.74 156.88 156.07 1.33 1.37 1.40 1.39

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools (6113) 85.88 88.66 90.47 90.00 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.80

Business Schools and Computer and Mgmt Training (6114) 193.65 199.92 204.00 202.95 1.73 1.78 1.82 1.81

Technical and Trade Schools (6115) 193.65 199.92 204.00 202.95 1.73 1.78 1.82 1.81

Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 209.10 216.65 221.15 219.79 1.86 1.93 1.97 1.96

Educational Support Services (6117) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27

Offices of Physicians (6211) 226.25 233.58 238.35 237.12 2.02 2.08 2.12 2.11

Offices of Dentists (6212) 226.25 233.58 238.35 237.12 2.02 2.08 2.12 2.11

Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 271.50 280.30 286.02 284.54 2.42 2.50 2.55 2.54

Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 268.55 277.06 283.27 281.98 2.39 2.47 2.52 2.51

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) 226.25 233.58 238.35 237.12 2.02 2.08 2.12 2.11

Other Ambulatory Health Care Services (6219) 10.47 8.97 12.71 12.71 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.11

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals (6221) 120.74 124.65 127.19 126.54 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.13

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals (6222) 120.74 124.65 127.19 126.54 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.13

Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse)

Hospitals (6223) 120.74 124.65 127.19 126.54 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.13

Nursing Care Facilities (6231) 113.03 116.69 119.07 118.46 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.06

Residential Mental Retardation, Mental Health and

Substance Abuse Facilities (6232) 113.03 116.69 119.07 118.46 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.06

Community Care Facilities for the Elderly (6233) 67.82 70.02 71.44 71.08 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.63

Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) 67.82 70.02 71.44 71.08 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.63

Individual and Family Services (6241) 44.62 46.07 47.01 46.76 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42

C‐23


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

















Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other

Relief Services (6242) 53.10 54.85 56.21 56.06 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.50

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) 44.62 46.07 47.01 46.76 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42

Child Day Care Services (6244) 256.58 264.89 270.30 268.91 2.29 2.36 2.41 2.40

Performing Arts Companies (7111) 123.26 127.26 129.85 129.18 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.15

Spectator Sports (7112) 123.26 127.26 129.85 129.18 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.15

Promoters of Perf. Arts, Sports, and Similar Events (7113) 69.32 76.82 76.55 77.29 0.62 0.68 0.68 0.69

Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions (7121) 97.42 101.13 105.30 104.76 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.93

Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 216.81 222.35 227.79 226.03 1.93 1.98 2.03 2.01

Gambling Industries (7132) 656.34 677.60 691.43 687.87 5.85 6.04 6.16 6.13

Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (7139) 308.02 317.99 322.14 319.99 2.74 2.83 2.87 2.85

Traveler Accommodation (7211) 250.48 258.17 262.82 261.31 2.23 2.30 2.34 2.33

RV Parks and Recreational Camps (7212) 221.06 228.22 232.88 231.68 1.97 2.03 2.08 2.06

Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 403.84 416.92 425.42 ‐ 3.60 3.72 3.79 ‐

Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) 2823.18 2964.53 2832.90 ‐ 25.16 26.42 25.24 ‐

Special Food Services (7223) 446.83 455.97 500.66 485.56 3.98 4.06 4.46 4.33

Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) 479.06 494.57 504.67 502.07 4.27 4.41 4.50 4.47

Other Restaurants and Eating Places (7225) 1534.28 1590.04 1631.36 1599.42 13.67 14.17 14.54 14.25

Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) 456.39 472.92 476.04 471.15 4.07 4.21 4.24 4.20

Electronic, Precision Equipment Repair and Maint. (8112) 275.62 284.55 290.35 288.86 2.46 2.54 2.59 2.57

Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maint. (8114) 275.62 284.55 290.35 288.86 2.46 2.54 2.59 2.57

Personal Care Services (8121) 237.09 250.41 258.41 260.47 2.11 2.23 2.30 2.32

Death Care Services (8122) 470.55 487.56 500.20 492.75 4.19 4.34 4.46 4.39

Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 174.03 182.48 186.37 194.35 1.55 1.63 1.66 1.73

Other Personal Services (8129) 63.00 63.29 67.70 71.00 0.56 0.56 0.60 0.63

Religious Organizations (8131) 161.83 167.07 170.48 169.60 1.44 1.49 1.52 1.51

Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 22.75 23.77 24.04 23.47 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.21

Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 28.72 29.65 30.26 30.10 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27

Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 578.10 596.83 609.01 605.87 5.15 5.32 5.43 5.40

Business, Prof., Labor, Political, and Similar Orgs. (8139) 466.97 477.82 489.37 489.58 4.16 4.26 4.36 4.36

Executive, Legislative, and Other Gen. Gov’t Support (9211) 157.19 161.02 163.21 162.28 1.40 1.43 1.45 1.45

Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (9221) 173.20 178.98 182.67 181.86 1.54 1.59 1.63 1.62

Administration of Human Resource Programs (9231) 180.09 185.92 189.71 188.74 1.60 1.66 1.69 1.68

Administration of Environmental Quality Programs (9241) 104.61 111.42 114.82 115.90 0.93 0.99 1.02 1.03

C‐24


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

















Administration of Housing Programs, Urban Planning, and

Community Development (9251) 120.27 122.51 123.62 124.52 1.07 1.09 1.10 1.11

Administration of Economic Program (9261) 98.31 106.42 122.57 104.02 0.88 0.95 1.09 0.93

National Security and International Affairs (9281) 33.56 34.37 33.31 32.26 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.29

Unclassified (9999) 201.73 208.27 212.52 211.42 1.80 1.86 1.89 1.88

TOTAL 257.63 272.91 278.33 279.69 2.30 2.43 2.48 2.49

Source: Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5. Industries with no data for Los Angeles County are omitted.

C‐25

C.1.4 Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons GHG per Job, LA County

Variations in life cycle terajoules per job and Life cycle metric tons of GHG per job, 2008‐2011,

by 4‐digit NAICS industry, for Los Angeles County. Table cells with five or fewer

establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; table cells with no employment are presented with “‐“.

Table C.1.4: Life Cycle Terajoules and Metric Tons of GHG per Job, Los Angeles County

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 Life cycle terajoules per

job 2008

Life cycle terajoules per

job 2009


job 2010


job 2011

Life cycle metric tons

of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Oilseed and Grain Farming (1111) 1.26 0.93 0.43 0.63 292.89 215.86 100.43 146.39

Vegetable and Melon Farming (1112) 1.48 1.92 1.71 1.98 152.61 197.65 176.25 203.90

Fruit and Tree Nut Farming (1113) 0.68 1.55 1.38 1.53 69.98 158.44 141.35 156.46

Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production

(1114) 0.82 1.16 1.23 1.34 68.32 97.03 102.71 112.09

Other Crop Farming (1119) 1.97 2.24 1.82 1.42 286.16 326.14 264.42 206.89

Cattle Ranching and Farming (1121) 0.42 0.27 0.15 0.14 117.68 74.60 42.66 38.45

Poultry and Egg Production (1123) 2.62 2.20 1.12 1.13 320.80 269.29 136.48 138.19

Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Aquaculture (1125) 0.17 0.12 0.06 0.06 41.87 29.75 14.45 14.66

Other Animal Production (1129) 0.17 0.12 0.06 0.06 41.87 29.74 14.45 14.66

Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products

(1132) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Logging (1133) 0.82 0.56 0.73 0.53 87.04 59.69 77.74 56.58

Fishing (1141) 0.21 0.28 0.11 0.14 15.50 20.10 8.00 10.03

Hunting and Trapping (1142) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Support Activities for Crop Production (1151) 0.77 0.91 0.57 0.52 109.83 130.60 82.17 74.11

Support Activities for Animal Production (1152) 0.60 0.67 0.55 0.51 86.70 95.83 79.29 73.92

Support Activities for Forestry (1153) 0.60 0.67 0.55 0.52 86.70 95.83 79.28 73.93

Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 8.18 6.04 5.76 4.75 1123.00 828.93 790.60 651.47

Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying (2123) 3.48 1.55 4.00 2.74 236.43 104.97 272.25 186.27

Support Activities for Mining (2131) 6.01 7.09 4.68 2.45 514.74 608.62 401.07 209.78

Electric Power Generation, Transmission and

Distribution (2211) 211.91 111.66 149.76 181.55 17888.66 9425.88 12642.27 15325.50

Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 64.18 57.45 53.60 51.54 6869.99 6149.63 5737.53 5517.05

Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213) 10.04 11.38 20.05 10.45 961.29 1089.18 1918.38 1000.29

Residential Building Construction (2361) 0.87 1.51 1.26 1.56 64.76 111.60 93.63 115.20

Nonresidential Building Construction (2362) 0.81 0.87 0.83 0.85 57.05 61.11 58.68 59.88

Utility System Construction (2371) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93

C‐26


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Land Subdivision (2372) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93

Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction (2373) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93

Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

(2379) 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.94 68.85 69.39 70.54 69.88

Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior

Contractors (2381) 0.81 0.86 0.83 0.85 57.06 60.91 58.52 59.78

Building Equipment Contractors (2382) 0.84 0.90 0.86 0.89 59.39 63.77 60.70 62.52

Building Finishing Contractors (2383) 0.84 0.90 0.86 0.89 59.39 63.77 60.70 62.52

Other Specialty Trade Contractors (2389) 0.80 0.94 0.95 0.94 59.52 69.87 70.51 69.93

Animal Food Manufacturing (3111) 13.31 12.22 17.22 12.40 1619.19 1477.38 2073.86 1481.18

Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) 21.82 22.05 27.13 21.19 2720.22 2757.95 3381.83 2591.25

Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing

(3113) 6.30 6.16 6.81 7.63 454.35 444.03 491.20 550.12

Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food

Manufacturing (3114) 6.34 5.39 6.17 6.64 575.07 498.65 576.97 629.01

Dairy Product Manufacturing (3115) 16.11 15.09 13.54 14.07 2470.85 2325.00 2075.11 2168.08

Animal Slaughtering and Processing (3116) 6.67 4.86 5.45 3.10 1677.91 1217.08 1351.78 748.49

Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging (3117) 4.77 4.00 4.41 3.53 403.23 338.61 372.54 298.87

Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) 2.26 1.87 2.32 1.85 191.15 158.14 196.37 156.47

Other Food Manufacturing (3119) 6.09 5.00 6.07 4.78 518.99 426.35 514.84 405.19

Beverage Manufacturing (3121) 13.05 9.50 11.83 9.41 892.83 646.19 801.57 637.87

Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills (3131) 2.62 4.12 3.63 3.87 184.57 289.96 255.97 272.62

Fabric Mills (3132) 2.53 2.31 2.45 2.48 162.92 147.26 156.86 158.77

Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating

Mills (3133) 2.27 2.13 2.68 2.53 146.64 137.40 172.87 163.33

Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 2.00 1.80 2.06 1.89 128.37 115.72 132.98 121.98

Other Textile Product Mills (3149) 1.18 1.21 1.33 1.35 76.22 78.28 85.91 87.38

Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) 1.15 1.57 1.26 1.53 75.13 102.25 82.24 99.42

Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing (3152) 0.58 0.48 0.57 0.60 37.87 31.02 37.24 38.77

Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel

Manufacturing (3159) 1.56 1.72 1.79 3.63 115.16 126.83 131.52 267.78

Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing (3161) 4.18 7.90 1.26 5.45 749.96 1417.88 225.55 978.28

Footwear Manufacturing (3162) 0.97 1.38 1.21 1.10 86.32 123.59 108.33 98.38

Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

(3169) 1.14 1.27 1.24 1.38 116.22 128.78 126.69 140.78

Sawmills and Wood Preservation (3211) 2.00 1.61 1.76 1.83 111.26 89.76 97.99 102.13

Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product

Manufacturing (3212) 1.36 1.41 1.82 2.24 62.43 63.15 82.55 100.15

Other Wood Product Manufacturing (3219) 1.16 1.22 1.16 1.20 65.21 68.82 65.49 67.64

C‐27


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (3221) 14.39 14.16 21.03 25.86 537.10 532.05 786.80 987.61

Converted Paper Product Manufacturing (3222) 7.61 7.68 8.23 6.80 322.97 325.98 349.28 288.33

Printing and Related Support Activities (3231) 1.68 1.67 1.53 0.87 86.85 86.16 79.30 45.13

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (3241) 44.70 43.63 43.18 44.70 3900.90 3821.73 3777.25 3915.05

Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251) 19.13 22.42 16.09 19.25 1610.54 1841.14 1372.50 1607.69

Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic

Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing (3252) 29.21 33.51 23.69 31.91 1748.73 2004.16 1416.31 1908.10

Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural

Chemical Manufacturing (3253) 14.52 15.37 12.18 13.41 1503.58 1567.92 1256.09 1348.10

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (3254) 2.72 2.54 2.34 2.23 170.65 158.73 146.31 139.64

Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing (3255) 6.12 7.48 5.69 6.74 403.79 494.20 375.82 444.84

Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation

Manufacturing (3256) 5.00 5.00 4.97 4.93 322.87 322.82 320.67 318.74

Other Chemical Product and Preparation

Manufacturing (3259) 4.64 5.57 4.72 6.78 311.47 373.69 315.04 450.39

Plastics Product Manufacturing (3261) 2.97 2.83 3.22 3.26 179.23 170.33 193.91 196.79

Rubber Product Manufacturing (3262) 2.16 1.74 2.18 2.36 136.12 109.67 137.84 148.89

Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing (3271) 1.82 1.83 2.16 2.72 117.05 117.66 138.91 174.76

Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing (3272) 3.87 3.34 4.31 2.96 221.68 192.23 248.39 171.06

Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing (3273) 6.71 6.19 7.13 7.29 770.59 709.94 818.70 837.69

Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing (3274) 11.81 11.56 11.74 11.82 1405.50 1376.37 1397.58 1406.42

Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

(3279) 2.66 2.53 3.12 3.05 250.65 238.21 290.32 283.05

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing

(3311) 14.82 18.81 15.81 15.57 1252.55 1590.13 1336.66 1316.31

Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel

(3312) 8.82 11.25 10.43 11.88 710.49 906.01 839.84 956.99

Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing

(3313) 8.24 9.99 11.25 9.18 540.55 655.17 733.01 607.91

Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production

and Processing (3314) 5.32 8.11 8.08 10.28 402.63 620.40 620.71 825.28

Foundries (3315) 2.14 2.29 2.78 2.11 139.24 148.61 180.47 137.71

Forging and Stamping (3321) 4.83 4.47 4.90 5.67 353.63 327.91 358.52 414.30

Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing (3322) 1.78 1.76 2.10 1.67 125.19 124.15 147.51 117.46

Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing

(3323) 2.41 2.38 2.46 2.14 176.75 174.24 180.27 156.19

Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing

(3324) 6.27 6.40 7.52 5.97 440.99 450.52 528.53 419.99

Hardware Manufacturing (3325) 1.73 1.75 2.26 2.19 120.04 120.97 156.45 151.79

Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing (3326) 1.38 1.45 1.62 1.39 100.49 105.79 118.35 101.22

Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut,

and Bolt Manufacturing (3327) 1.54 1.41 1.47 1.45 107.49 98.32 102.92 100.89

Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied

Activities (3328) 2.54 2.51 2.67 2.63 174.17 172.59 183.53 180.65

C‐28


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

(3329) 2.68 2.72 2.88 3.13 181.15 184.02 194.25 210.73

Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery

Manufacturing (3331) 2.68 3.32 3.39 3.06 184.37 228.30 233.32 210.23

Industrial Machinery Manufacturing (3332) 1.67 1.57 1.69 1.82 117.40 110.22 118.60 127.99

Commercial and Service Industry Machinery

Manufacturing (3333) 2.31 2.83 2.95 2.94 154.30 189.37 196.96 196.47

Ventilation, Heating, Air‐Conditioning, and

Commercial Refrigeration Equipment


1.44 1.66 2.02 1.74 98.12 113.51 137.93 119.12

Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing (3335) 1.01 1.09 1.12 0.97 70.18 75.79 78.11 67.75

Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission

Equipment Manufacturing (3336) 2.74 3.07 3.36 3.16 186.58 209.47 229.70 215.89

Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing

(3339) 1.89 2.14 2.34 2.08 130.19 146.78 160.91 142.76

Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing

(3341) 1.39 1.67 2.36 3.12 92.69 111.33 156.75 207.26

Communications Equipment Manufacturing (3342) 1.22 1.37 1.38 1.56 81.34 91.03 91.70 104.44

Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing (3343) 3.13 4.03 3.63 4.91 204.06 262.33 236.27 319.74

Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component

Manufacturing (3344) 0.91 0.82 0.68 0.61 65.44 59.94 51.16 46.41

Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and

Control Instruments Manufacturing (3345) 1.25 1.33 1.28 1.37 81.03 86.30 83.02 88.96

Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and

Optical Media (3346) 1.47 2.09 2.32 2.84 83.35 117.71 131.52 161.21

Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing (3351) 1.21 1.19 1.19 1.16 78.74 77.56 77.43 75.51

Household Appliance Manufacturing (3352) 2.07 2.19 2.53 2.28 138.85 146.51 169.67 152.30

Electrical Equipment Manufacturing (3353) 1.41 1.44 1.50 1.26 95.92 98.29 102.20 85.46

Other Electrical Equipment and Component

Manufacturing (3359) 2.42 2.41 2.20 2.31 161.19 160.30 146.50 154.28

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (3361) 12.42 6.54 11.52 3.54 839.79 442.15 778.73 239.09

Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing

(3362) 2.26 2.70 2.42 3.03 152.87 182.30 163.60 204.90

Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (3363) 1.66 1.82 1.75 2.16 115.32 126.26 121.65 149.93

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing (3364) 2.13 1.56 1.64 1.89 141.42 103.51 108.55 125.51

Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing (3365) 1.16 1.48 1.31 1.71 79.63 101.15 89.72 117.10

Ship and Boat Building (3366) 1.00 0.74 0.79 1.06 65.12 48.44 52.03 69.87

Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

(3369) 2.46 2.55 2.40 2.60 166.11 171.91 161.83 175.49

Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen

Cabinet Manufacturing (3371) 0.87 0.71 0.74 0.70 54.12 43.76 46.08 43.26

Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing

(3372) 1.26 1.26 1.18 1.27 84.46 83.73 78.89 84.66

Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing

(3379) 1.23 0.98 1.04 0.95 78.52 62.79 66.33 60.71

Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing

(3391) 0.75 0.90 0.93 0.85 51.66 61.76 63.41 57.95

C‐29


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (3399) 1.28 1.29 1.31 1.32 80.35 81.74 84.01 83.64

Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies

Merchant Wholesalers (4231) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant

Wholesalers (4232) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant

Wholesalers (4233) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Professional and Commercial Equipment and

Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4234) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant

Wholesalers (4235) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant

Wholesalers (4236) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment

and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4237) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant

Wholesalers (4238) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

(4239) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers

(4241) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Drugs and Druggistsʹ Sundries Merchant

Wholesalers (4242) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant

Wholesalers (4243) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Grocery and Related Product Merchant Wholesalers

(4244) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers

(4245) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers

(4246) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant

Wholesalers (4247) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage

Merchant Wholesalers (4248) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant

Wholesalers (4249) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and

Brokers (4251) 0.45 0.45 0.53 0.50 27.85 27.71 32.84 30.78

Automobile Dealers (4411) 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 19.94 20.05 20.83 20.32

Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 19.94 20.05 20.83 20.32

Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores

(4413) 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 19.94 20.05 20.83 20.32

Furniture Stores (4421) 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.23 20.03 21.14 20.98 14.87

Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.23 20.03 21.14 20.98 14.87

Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) 0.32 0.31 0.43 0.35 20.87 20.14 27.57 22.79

Building Material and Supplies Dealers (4441) 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.25 20.16 19.41 19.63 16.01

Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores

(4442) 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.25 20.16 19.41 19.63 16.01

C‐30


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Grocery Stores (4451) 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 19.76 19.94 19.42 19.30

Specialty Food Stores (4452) 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 19.76 19.94 19.42 19.30

Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 19.76 19.94 19.42 19.30

Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) 0.36 0.34 0.35 0.32 22.96 22.03 22.70 20.82

Gasoline Stations (4471) 0.72 0.61 0.64 0.81 46.04 38.93 41.43 52.34

Clothing Stores (4481) 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.20 18.54 17.38 13.32 13.07

Shoe Stores (4482) 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.20 18.54 17.38 13.32 13.07

Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores (4483) 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.20 18.54 17.38 13.32 13.07

Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument

Stores (4511) 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.16 13.74 14.07 13.75 10.29

Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.16 13.74 14.07 13.75 10.29

Department Stores (4521) 0.17 0.22 0.23 0.22 11.19 13.97 15.11 14.09

Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) 0.17 0.22 0.23 0.22 11.19 13.97 15.11 14.09

Florists (4531) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60

Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores (4532) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60

Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60

Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 11.44 10.88 13.52 13.60

Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses (4541) 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.41 17.46 18.24 12.47 26.16

Vending Machine Operators (4542) 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.41 17.46 18.24 12.47 26.16

Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.41 17.46 18.24 12.47 26.16

Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 10.35 15.46 14.59 14.11 721.64 1078.07 1017.19 983.67

Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) 10.35 15.46 14.59 14.11 721.64 1078.07 1017.19 983.67

Rail Transportation (4821) 21.99 22.37 19.93 15.47 1516.31 1542.79 1374.23 1066.67

Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water

Transportation (4831) 17.66 11.59 11.44 18.27 1139.12 747.65 737.93 1178.16

Inland Water Transportation (4832) 17.66 11.59 11.44 18.27 1139.13 747.66 737.94 1178.16

General Freight Trucking (4841) 1.13 0.76 0.81 1.17 84.22 56.34 60.21 87.38

Specialized Freight Trucking (4842) 1.13 0.76 0.81 1.17 84.22 56.34 60.21 87.38

Urban Transit Systems (4851) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84

Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation (4852) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84

Taxi and Limousine Service (4853) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84

School and Employee Bus Transportation (4854) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84

Charter Bus Industry (4855) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84

Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

(4859) 2.08 3.23 2.49 3.77 123.23 191.98 147.54 223.84

Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil (4861) 43.87 75.09 36.74 43.92 3690.83 6317.63 3090.83 3695.34

Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas (4862) 43.87 75.10 36.74 43.93 3690.91 6317.93 3090.90 3695.44

C‐31


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Other Pipeline Transportation (4869) 43.87 75.10 36.74 43.93 3690.80 6317.80 3090.86 3695.44

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (4871) 1.16 1.41 0.97 0.49 82.56 100.42 69.31 34.62

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water (4872) 1.31 0.64 0.52 0.23 93.54 45.69 36.91 16.10

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other (4879) 1.31 0.64 0.52 0.23 93.56 45.69 36.88 16.09

Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881) 1.42 0.85 0.73 0.28 100.81 60.79 51.80 20.30

Support Activities for Rail Transportation (4882) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02

Support Activities for Water Transportation (4883) 0.66 0.37 0.38 0.18 46.77 26.07 27.01 13.04

Support Activities for Road Transportation (4884) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02

Freight Transportation Arrangement (4885) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02

Other Support Activities for Transportation (4889) 0.65 0.36 0.38 0.18 46.48 25.93 26.94 13.02

Postal Service (4911) 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.22 19.53 14.35 12.97 13.85

Couriers and Express Delivery Services (4921) 0.72 0.58 0.64 0.70 51.52 41.54 45.61 50.35

Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) 0.72 0.58 0.64 0.70 51.52 41.54 45.61 50.35

Warehousing and Storage (4931) 0.73 0.63 0.67 0.72 47.60 41.10 43.78 47.21

Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory

Publishers (5111) 0.93 1.19 1.28 0.74 53.57 68.48 73.70 42.75

Software Publishers (5112) 0.47 0.77 0.93 0.55 29.58 48.51 58.21 34.41

Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) 0.39 0.57 0.56 0.52 24.81 36.11 35.53 33.00

Sound Recording Industries (5122) 1.85 3.10 3.27 2.23 116.19 194.69 205.51 140.24

Radio and Television Broadcasting (5151) 1.87 1.99 1.62 2.85 121.88 129.84 105.31 185.66

Cable and Other Subscription Programming (5152) 1.83 1.25 1.05 1.12 117.88 80.59 67.85 72.20

Wired Telecommunications Carriers (5171) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53

Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except

Satellite) (5172) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53

Satellite Telecommunications (5174) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53

Other Telecommunications (5179) 0.67 0.79 0.72 0.78 44.47 52.58 47.64 51.53

Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services

(5182) 0.34 0.54 0.92 0.89 22.36 36.16 60.80 59.12

Other Information Services (5191) 1.41 0.47 1.48 0.47 94.72 31.75 99.67 31.77

Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (5211) 0.26 0.20 0.24 0.33 17.39 13.21 15.65 21.79

Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) 0.26 0.20 0.24 0.33 17.39 13.21 15.65 21.79

Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) 0.20 0.28 0.12 0.11 12.91 18.24 7.61 7.13

Activities Related to Credit Intermediation (5223) 0.20 0.28 0.12 0.11 12.91 18.24 7.61 7.13

Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation

and Brokerage (5231) 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.18 18.57 11.18 5.81 11.80

Securities and Commodity Exchanges (5232) 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.18 18.57 11.18 5.81 11.80

Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.18 18.57 11.18 5.81 11.80

C‐32


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Insurance Carriers (5241) 0.25 0.35 0.33 0.28 15.44 21.50 20.56 17.28

Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related

Activities (5242) 0.21 0.22 0.20 0.20 13.97 14.44 12.89 13.23

Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) 0.25 0.72 0.81 0.36 16.59 47.60 53.54 23.97

Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) 0.25 0.72 0.81 0.36 16.59 47.60 53.54 23.97

Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 0.61 0.56 0.60 0.49 43.70 39.93 43.42 35.08

Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers (5312) 0.61 0.56 0.60 0.49 43.70 39.93 43.42 35.08

Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) 0.61 0.56 0.60 0.49 43.70 39.93 43.42 35.08

Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing (5321) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 4.86 5.58 5.14 5.70

Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.10 5.51 6.99 4.83 6.25

General Rental Centers (5323) 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.05 3.53 4.46 3.05 3.40

Commercial and Industrial Machinery and

Equipment Rental and Leasing (5324) 0.17 0.19 0.14 0.15 14.08 15.75 11.71 12.59

Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except

Copyrighted Works) (5331) 2.29 4.91 4.60 4.80 141.58 303.82 284.28 296.60

Legal Services (5411) 0.21 0.25 0.24 0.25 13.89 16.35 15.48 16.10

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and

Payroll Services (5412) 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.19 9.61 9.09 11.65 12.56

Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services

(5413) 0.31 0.31 0.38 0.37 21.41 21.45 26.10 25.32

Specialized Design Services (5414) 0.27 0.27 0.35 0.28 17.24 17.07 22.01 18.10

Computer Systems Design and Related Services

(5415) 0.28 0.24 0.27 0.30 20.18 17.19 19.16 21.88

Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting

Services (5416) 0.21 0.16 0.18 0.17 14.12 10.95 11.87 11.64

Scientific Research and Development Services (5417) 0.63 0.62 0.73 0.84 44.17 43.60 51.31 59.54

Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services

(5418) 1.35 1.42 1.64 2.06 78.06 82.52 95.06 119.46

Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

(5419) 0.41 0.27 0.36 0.38 26.81 17.39 23.81 24.62

Management of Companies and Enterprises (5511) 0.53 0.42 0.37 0.40 33.74 26.71 23.54 25.66

Office Administrative Services (5611) 0.38 0.26 0.22 0.21 24.63 16.92 14.58 13.72

Facilities Support Services (5612) 0.25 0.31 0.29 0.42 19.20 23.64 21.72 31.69

Employment Services (5613) 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 2.66 2.88 2.27 2.82

Business Support Services (5614) 0.23 0.16 0.13 0.16 14.49 10.01 8.46 10.25

Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615) 0.56 0.37 0.44 0.56 35.65 23.62 28.21 35.69

Investigation and Security Services (5616) 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 6.03 5.31 4.48 4.99

Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 0.34 0.34 0.29 0.30 26.78 26.52 23.17 24.01

Other Support Services (5619) 0.53 0.36 0.29 0.38 34.01 22.67 18.35 23.96

Waste Collection (5621) 0.84 0.89 0.87 1.00 407.44 431.69 420.22 485.13

Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 0.84 0.89 0.87 1.00 407.44 431.69 420.22 485.13

C‐33


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Remediation and Other Waste Management Services

(5629) 0.84 0.89 0.87 1.00 407.44 431.69 420.23 485.13

Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) 0.36 0.43 0.30 0.28 24.13 29.22 20.29 18.67

Junior Colleges (6112) 1.02 1.00 1.23 1.13 69.77 68.28 84.59 77.38

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools

(6113) 1.02 1.00 1.23 1.13 69.77 68.28 84.59 77.38

Business Schools and Computer and Management

Training (6114) 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.11 8.48 8.51 6.59 7.34

Technical and Trade Schools (6115) 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.17 9.92 11.28 9.20 11.50

Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.11 8.48 8.51 6.59 7.34

Educational Support Services (6117) 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.11 8.48 8.51 6.59 7.34

Offices of Physicians (6211) 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.22 17.49 15.41 14.69 14.80

Offices of Dentists (6212) 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.22 17.49 15.41 14.69 14.80

Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.22 17.49 15.41 14.69 14.80

Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 0.55 0.42 0.43 0.48 37.33 28.38 29.17 32.76

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) 0.55 0.42 0.43 0.48 37.33 28.38 29.17 32.76

Home Health Care Services (6216) 0.24 0.20 0.18 0.16 16.78 14.39 12.57 11.55

Other Ambulatory Health Care Services (6219) 0.55 0.42 0.43 0.48 37.33 28.38 29.17 32.76

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals (6221) 0.70 0.79 0.72 0.68 50.27 57.01 52.42 49.53

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals (6222) 0.70 0.79 0.72 0.68 50.27 57.01 52.42 49.53

Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse)

Hospitals (6223) 0.70 0.79 0.72 0.68 50.27 57.01 52.42 49.53

Nursing Care Facilities (6231) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97

Residential Mental Retardation, Mental Health and

Substance Abuse Facilities (6232) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97

Community Care Facilities for the Elderly (6233) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97

Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.22 15.33 17.73 16.68 15.97

Individual and Family Services (6241) 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 9.69 9.24 9.24 9.85

Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and

Other Relief Services (6242) 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.14 7.11 9.29 9.63 10.13

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.14 7.11 9.29 9.63 10.13

Child Day Care Services (6244) 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.13 13.25 11.83 11.87 9.35

Performing Arts Companies (7111) 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.17 12.49 8.93 9.02 10.84

Spectator Sports (7112) 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.11 8.58 7.80 7.02 7.75

Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar

Events (7113) 0.39 0.41 0.33 0.35 24.89 26.11 20.75 22.31

Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes,

Entertainers, and Other Public Figures (7114) 0.39 0.41 0.33 0.35 24.89 26.11 20.75 22.31

Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers (7115) 0.32 0.32 0.27 0.32 20.77 20.68 17.59 20.93

Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions

(7121) 1.78 1.44 1.23 1.50 116.18 94.01 80.32 98.44

C‐34


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 0.65 0.55 0.49 0.53 47.39 39.95 35.69 38.70

Gambling Industries (7132) 0.65 0.55 0.49 0.53 47.39 39.95 35.69 38.70

Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (7139) 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.34 25.45 22.37 21.24 23.13

Traveler Accommodation (7211) 0.55 0.56 0.51 0.52 34.73 35.41 32.35 33.07

RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational

Camps (7212) 0.64 0.57 0.66 0.69 47.02 41.69 48.22 50.53

Rooming and Boarding Houses (7213) 0.38 0.35 0.41 0.41 28.14 25.43 30.02 29.75

Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 27.22 26.64 26.02 26.02

Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 27.22 26.64 26.02 26.02

Special Food Services (7223) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 27.22 26.64 26.02 25.28

Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 27.22 26.64 26.02 25.28

Other Restaurants and Eating Places (7225) 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 27.22 26.64 26.02 25.28

Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) 0.41 0.37 0.35 0.37 27.91 25.15 24.16 25.28

Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and

Maintenance (8112) 0.40 0.34 0.33 0.48 27.34 23.25 22.42 32.69


Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic)

Repair and Maintenance (8113)

0.56 0.45 0.41 0.51 38.25 30.67 28.38 35.21

Personal and Household Goods Repair and

Maintenance (8114) 0.63 0.66 0.35 0.70 43.48 45.94 24.01 48.54

Personal Care Services (8121) 0.19 0.23 0.20 0.27 12.83 14.96 13.06 18.07

Death Care Services (8122) 0.58 0.93 0.80 1.09 38.03 60.84 52.41 71.29

Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.26 14.33 16.51 15.19 16.75

Other Personal Services (8129) 0.46 0.42 0.27 0.38 30.80 28.10 17.87 25.45

Religious Organizations (8131) 0.34 0.16 0.18 0.40 23.29 11.24 12.34 27.62

Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 0.17 0.43 0.43 0.39 11.30 28.44 28.37 25.57

Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 0.17 0.43 0.43 0.39 11.30 28.44 28.37 25.57

Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 0.34 0.62 0.59 0.59 22.90 41.80 40.00 39.78

Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar

Organizations (8139) 0.34 0.62 0.59 0.59 22.90 41.80 40.00 39.78

Private Households (8141) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Executive, Legislative, and Other General

Government Support (9211) 1.21 1.14 1.18 1.26 94.40 89.06 92.30 98.38

Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (9221) 1.72 1.61 1.36 2.57 134.20 125.94 106.55 200.71

Administration of Human Resource Programs (9231) 1.44 1.30 1.09 1.44 112.66 101.60 85.04 112.82

Administration of Environmental Quality Programs

(9241) 0.81 0.74 0.75 0.78 62.24 57.50 57.78 60.41

Administration of Housing Programs, Urban

Planning, and Community Development (9251) 1.21 1.14 1.18 1.26 94.40 89.06 92.30 98.38

Administration of Economic Program (9261) 0.63 0.62 0.75 0.85 48.36 47.87 58.25 64.68

Space Research and Technology (9271) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

C‐35


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


job 2008


job 2009


job 2010


job 2011


of GHG per job 2008


of GHG per job 2009


of GHG per job 2010


of GHG per job 2011

National Security and International Affairs (9281) 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 4.90 4.96 4.39 5.03

Unclassified (9999) 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.75 55.01 55.24 55.18 54.23

TOTAL 1.66 1.36 1.54 1.67 134.88 109.08 124.27 135.05

Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database and IMPLAN data for Los Angeles County; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, which provides life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions factors for each industry.

C‐36

C.2.1 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County

Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in Los

Angeles County, by 4‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are

suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life

cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“.

Table C.2.1: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, LA County

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding

NAICS 2007 Employment 2011

Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011

Direct terajoules per job

2011

Direct metric tons of

greenhouse gases per job

2011

Average gallons of gasoline

per job for public trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric

tons of co2‐equivalent

emissions in 2011

Oilseed and Grain Farming (1111) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Vegetable and Melon Farming (1112) 392 ‐48% $26,393 0.09 7.70 0.00 27.85

Fruit and Tree Nut Farming (1113) 1,095 127% $24,953 0.53 42.88 0.00 141.75

Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture

Production (1114) 2,501 ‐37% $27,081 0.08 3.60 0.00 13.60

Other Crop Farming (1119) 307 ‐32% $26,841 0.05 10.20 0.00 24.24

Cattle Ranching and Farming (1121) 106 117% $43,279 0.14 78.73 0.00 (r)

Poultry and Egg Production (1123) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Aquaculture (1125) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Other Animal Production (1129) 96 4% $38,726 0.08 26.84 0.00 (r)

Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest

Products (1132) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Logging (1133) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Fishing (1141) 53 ‐83% $98,243 0.44 8.55 0.00 (r)

Hunting and Trapping (1142) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Support Activities for Crop Production

(1151) 628 19% $33,728 0.01 0.09 0.00 10.53

Support Activities for Animal Production

(1152) 434 7% $25,992 0.01 0.07 0.00 18.79

Support Activities for Forestry (1153) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 2,167 ‐26% $223,146 1.02 128.02 0.00 153.41

Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying

(2123) 376 ‐25% $73,211 0.84 1.90 0.00 82.69

Support Activities for Mining (2131) 1,700 129% $88,622 0.58 0.02 0.00 147.80


Distribution (2211) 16,560 8% $109,316 45.41 799.06 0.00 8507.50

Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 5,043 ‐3% $83,114 0.30 167.97 0.00 2352.64

Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213) 7,641 ‐2% $80,467 0.39 66.51 0.00 291.97

Residential Building Construction (2361) 16,032 14% $46,134 0.15 0.03 0.00 45.30

C‐37


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Nonresidential Building Construction (2362) 10,447 ‐7% $69,698 0.09 0.02 0.00 17.37

Utility System Construction (2371) 5,757 43% $83,012 0.03 0.01 0.00 6.97

Land Subdivision (2372) 1,711 ‐8% $80,251 0.17 0.04 0.00 35.29

Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction

(2373) 4,543 8% $71,981 0.11 0.02 0.00 24.09

Other Heavy and Civil Engineering

Construction (2379) 1,188 ‐84% $77,175 0.08 0.02 0.00 16.23


Contractors (2381) 132 ‐98% $46,205 10.01 2.28 0.00 1887.56

Building Equipment Contractors (2382) 365 ‐98% $53,755 9.86 2.25 0.00 1853.44

Building Finishing Contractors (2383) 239 ‐97% $38,418 8.75 1.99 0.00 1645.59

Other Specialty Trade Contractors (2389) 132 ‐97% $46,864 5.62 1.24 0.00 1196.47

Animal Food Manufacturing (3111) 946 ‐46% $73,229 0.21 5.46 0.00 390.86

Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) 513 ‐54% $53,102 0.19 4.04 0.00 360.24

Sugar and Confectionery Product

Manufacturing (3113) 1,865 ‐9% $44,487 0.07 1.60 0.00 217.79

Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty

Food Manufacturing (3114) 4,104 ‐22% $46,878 0.10 2.64 0.00 211.30

Dairy Product Manufacturing (3115) 5,082 5% $75,916 0.05 1.19 0.00 128.01

Animal Slaughtering and Processing (3116) 4,928 ‐6% $35,126 0.01 0.30 0.00 58.84

Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging

(3117) 316 ‐80% $29,697 0.19 5.20 0.00 236.08

Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) 15,620 ‐17% $33,692 0.05 1.22 112.50 53.51

Other Food Manufacturing (3119) 6,167 90% $45,478 0.04 1.05 0.00 77.47

Beverage Manufacturing (3121) 5,012 34% $60,697 0.18 4.58 0.00 286.93

Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills (3131) 243 ‐29% $27,827 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.25

Fabric Mills (3132) 1,484 ‐63% $35,636 0.12 3.47 0.00 51.82

Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric

Coating Mills (3133) 5,253 ‐28% $30,919 0.20 9.64 0.00 69.62

Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 2,092 ‐64% $38,952 0.02 0.44 0.00 23.47

Other Textile Product Mills (3149) 1,874 ‐61% $34,474 0.07 0.95 0.00 38.94

Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) 480 ‐77% $31,527 0.01 0.03 0.00 53.60

Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing (3152) 45,300 ‐55% $32,727 0.01 0.02 0.00 21.13


Manufacturing (3159) 1,395 ‐65% $36,641 0.03 0.16 0.00 63.32

Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing

(3161) 49 ‐88% $34,373 0.02 0.07 0.00 240.37

Footwear Manufacturing (3162) 671 ‐45% $28,426 0.01 0.03 0.00 43.53

C‐38


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Other Leather and Allied Product

Manufacturing (3169) 1,555 ‐34% $32,378 0.01 0.03 0.00 26.90

Sawmills and Wood Preservation (3211) 75 ‐43% $28,158 0.01 0.02 0.00 7.88

Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood

Product Manufacturing (3212) 370 ‐48% $36,359 0.01 0.07 0.00 11.14

Other Wood Product Manufacturing (3219) 2,720 ‐30% $31,870 0.01 0.05 0.00 20.79

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (3221) 270 ‐80% $41,316 0.24 2.38 0.00 47.63

Converted Paper Product Manufacturing

(3222) 7,002 ‐41% $53,821 0.05 1.19 0.00 32.30

Printing and Related Support Activities

(3231) 16,014 ‐49% $42,598 0.01 0.14 0.00 13.01

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

(3241) 4,102 ‐38% $109,659 64.38 5146.35 0.00 (r)

Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251) 1,115 ‐44% $73,119 1.24 72.54 0.00 364.38

Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial

Synthetic Fibers and Filaments


1,242 ‐31% $59,524 0.70 11.90 0.00 211.93


Chemical Manufacturing (3253) 199 ‐45% $64,522 0.07 10.24 0.00 34.68

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing

(3254) 6,673 18% $58,238 0.10 0.77 0.00 65.20

Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing

(3255) 1,801 ‐52% $62,508 0.12 2.93 0.00 132.02

Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet

Preparation Manufacturing (3256) 6,598 ‐5% $51,458 0.24 3.79 0.00 145.44


Manufacturing (3259) 1,394 ‐51% $75,805 0.10 1.75 0.00 82.40

Plastics Product Manufacturing (3261) 11,902 ‐44% $41,783 0.03 0.19 0.00 36.57

Rubber Product Manufacturing (3262) 1,658 ‐47% $42,154 0.03 0.27 0.00 21.77

Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing

(3271) 620 ‐69% $35,078 0.11 4.21 0.00 48.30

Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing

(3272) 2,004 ‐49% $39,852 0.08 2.34 0.00 63.31


Manufacturing (3273) 1,650 ‐18% $48,228 0.03 1.06 0.00 243.72

Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing

(3274) 272 ‐71% $52,965 0.29 39.69 0.00 259.67

Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product

Manufacturing (3279) 696 ‐38% $40,487 0.04 1.55 0.00 116.43

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy

Manufacturing (3311) 765 34% $37,560 0.12 6.98 0.00 102.37

Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased

Steel (3312) 1,190 ‐35% $58,270 0.03 0.26 0.00 164.45

C‐39


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Alumina and Aluminum Production and

Processing (3313) 767 ‐51% $53,238 0.07 3.17 0.00 77.86

Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum)

Production and Processing (3314) 1,441 ‐34% $54,540 0.01 0.03 0.00 8.52

Foundries (3315) 3,019 ‐50% $52,348 0.01 0.08 0.00 15.50

Forging and Stamping (3321) 3,297 ‐11% $54,890 0.06 1.21 0.00 46.87

Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing (3322) 1,101 ‐30% $40,522 0.02 0.26 0.00 24.35

Architectural and Structural Metals

Manufacturing (3323) 6,794 ‐23% $42,902 0.02 0.28 0.00 39.67

Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container

Manufacturing (3324) 1,388 ‐50% $66,742 0.11 1.64 0.00 159.96

Hardware Manufacturing (3325) 975 ‐65% $46,373 0.01 0.18 0.00 18.56

Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing

(3326) 948 ‐43% $39,167 0.01 0.09 0.00 6.90

Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw,

Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing (3327) 13,708 ‐17% $52,942 0.02 0.24 0.00 23.21

Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and

Allied Activities (3328) 6,653 ‐37% $40,492 0.09 1.60 0.00 45.35


Manufacturing (3329) 7,036 ‐33% $58,138 0.07 0.85 0.00 71.62

Agriculture, Construction, and Mining

Machinery Manufacturing (3331) 722 ‐3% $61,696 0.01 0.10 0.00 19.50

Industrial Machinery Manufacturing (3332) 1,985 ‐26% $55,573 0.01 0.05 0.00 12.44


Manufacturing (3333) 3,240 ‐44% $77,258 0.02 0.10 0.00 31.65




893 ‐52% $49,815 0.01 0.06 0.00 13.88

Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing

(3335) 3,287 ‐48% $44,792 0.01 0.04 0.00 8.64


Equipment Manufacturing (3336) 891 ‐29% $80,991 0.03 0.16 0.00 50.70

Other General Purpose Machinery

Manufacturing (3339) 4,923 ‐39% $61,321 0.02 0.14 0.00 26.03

Computer and Peripheral Equipment

Manufacturing (3341) 1,332 ‐69% $92,579 0.01 0.06 0.00 17.75

Communications Equipment Manufacturing

(3342) 3,406 ‐29% $87,459 0.01 0.03 0.00 15.09

Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing

(3343) 853 ‐79% $90,517 0.03 0.10 0.00 100.42

Semiconductor and Other Electronic

Component Manufacturing (3344) 9,310 ‐33% $59,434 0.03 1.35 0.00 18.64

C‐40


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical,

and Control Instruments Manufacturing

(3345)

28,941 ‐39% $103,797 0.01 0.07 0.00 26.07

Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic

and Optical Media (3346) 1,247 ‐53% $60,895 0.05 0.23 0.00 67.57

Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing

(3351) 2,505 ‐57% $47,820 0.01 0.07 0.00 19.18

Household Appliance Manufacturing (3352) 808 ‐14% $40,746 0.00 0.03 0.00 10.95

Electrical Equipment Manufacturing (3353) 2,219 ‐29% $48,444 0.01 0.06 0.00 16.05


Manufacturing (3359) 3,875 ‐8% $70,508 0.03 0.21 0.00 32.46

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (3361) 660 ‐44% $74,881 0.05 0.66 0.00 95.81


Manufacturing (3362) 1,497 ‐35% $42,877 0.02 0.22 0.00 27.95

Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (3363) 4,376 ‐65% $47,028 0.01 0.13 0.00 14.66

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing

(3364) 39,324 ‐38% $95,609 0.02 0.23 0.00 16.39

Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing (3365) 89 282% $33,652 0.00 0.05 0.00 3.64

Ship and Boat Building (3366) 155 ‐75% $45,021 0.01 0.18 0.00 17.81

Other Transportation Equipment

Manufacturing (3369) 319 ‐65% $48,262 0.03 0.35 0.00 45.87

Household and Institutional Furniture and

Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing (3371) 8,707 ‐49% $32,872 0.01 0.04 0.00 12.13

Office Furniture (including Fixtures)

Manufacturing (3372) 2,780 ‐58% $45,830 0.02 0.12 0.00 21.60


Manufacturing (3379) 1,669 ‐44% $34,433 0.00 0.01 0.00 5.17

Medical Equipment and Supplies

Manufacturing (3391) 8,143 1% $61,874 0.02 0.43 0.00 17.93

Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (3399) 10,032 ‐46% $56,521 0.02 0.68 0.00 26.69

Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and

Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (4231) 10,483 ‐21% $51,640 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.26


Wholesalers (4232) 7,527 ‐7% $48,550 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.54

Lumber and Other Construction Materials

Merchant Wholesalers (4233) 4,633 ‐7% $47,365 0.01 0.03 0.00 8.30



Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum)



Wholesalers (4236) 12,606 ‐23% $72,049 0.01 0.04 0.00 10.04

C‐41


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating

Equipment and Supplies Merchant

Wholesalers (4237)

9,193 9% $50,999 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.04

Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies


Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant

Wholesalers (4239) 18,716 ‐4% $57,551 0.01 0.05 0.00 12.49

Paper and Paper Product Merchant

Wholesalers (4241) 4,911 ‐26% $52,526 0.01 0.03 0.00 7.40


Wholesalers (4242) 5,967 30% $69,874 0.02 0.05 0.00 13.82


Wholesalers (4243) 21,474 5% $46,549 0.02 0.06 0.00 16.29

Grocery and Related Product Merchant

Wholesalers (4244) 33,986 7% $48,168 0.01 0.04 0.00 10.63

Farm Product Raw Material Merchant

Wholesalers (4245) 211 51% $56,442 0.01 0.02 0.00 4.62

Chemical and Allied Products Merchant

Wholesalers (4246) 3,923 ‐24% $61,191 0.00 0.02 0.00 4.55


Wholesalers (4247) 1,476 ‐1% $75,244 0.01 0.02 0.00 6.00


Merchant Wholesalers (4248) 3,510 13% $59,328 0.02 0.06 0.00 16.91


Wholesalers (4249) 16,092 4% $42,659 0.01 0.04 0.00 10.46

Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents

and Brokers (4251) 20,720 75% $60,496 0.01 0.04 0.00 11.22

Automobile Dealers (4411) 25,782 ‐18% $54,421 0.01 0.04 382.33 5.28

Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) 2,204 26% $42,820 0.01 0.03 382.33 4.03

Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire

Stores (4413) 11,374 ‐15% $30,894 0.02 0.05 627.11 6.92

Furniture Stores (4421) 5,574 ‐9% $34,074 0.01 0.03 268.19 4.39

Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 7,649 13% $28,470 0.02 0.04 223.42 5.85

Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) 17,705 5% $56,742 0.02 0.05 424.40 7.62

Building Material and Supplies Dealers

(4441) 20,921 33% $32,327 0.01 0.04 491.96 5.33

Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies

Stores (4442) 1,642 ‐28% $27,073 0.02 0.05 400.52 7.14

Grocery Stores (4451) 74,992 15% $27,350 0.03 0.07 1734.65 7.02

Specialty Food Stores (4452) 10,744 36% $25,528 0.03 0.07 404.40 6.98

Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) 3,283 13% $19,191 0.03 0.08 404.40 8.34

Health and Personal Care Stores (4461) 28,552 23% $37,139 0.03 0.07 771.77 7.65

Gasoline Stations (4471) 11,190 ‐14% $27,890 0.06 0.15 2911.43 18.18

C‐42


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Clothing Stores (4481) 42,396 67% $20,542 0.01 0.04 405.76 5.12

Shoe Stores (4482) 7,427 23% $23,132 0.01 0.03 405.76 4.51

Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores

(4483) 4,607 ‐9% $37,747 0.02 0.04 405.76 5.76

Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical

Instrument Stores (4511) 14,150 23% $22,469 0.01 0.02 415.59 3.14

Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) 3,575 ‐56% $18,297 0.01 0.03 1783.29 3.65

Department Stores (4521) 36,959 ‐18% $21,042 0.01 0.03 500.98 4.07

Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) 31,050 110% $24,708 0.01 0.03 688.56 4.07

Florists (4531) 1,241 ‐55% $22,805 0.01 0.04 346.63 5.55

Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores

(4532) 12,197 ‐10% $32,191 0.02 0.04 328.06 6.22

Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 3,860 38% $21,313 0.01 0.04 346.63 5.49

Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 8,175 27% $30,561 0.01 0.04 354.41 5.53

Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses

(4541) 6,744 28% $59,063 0.03 0.07 0.00 9.83

Vending Machine Operators (4542) 458 ‐37% $42,263 0.02 0.05 0.00 6.77

Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 2,329 ‐27% $34,970 0.03 0.08 302.13 11.98

Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 16,480 ‐43% $61,032 5.53 1278.59 243.32 (r)

Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) 1,553 6% $85,679 4.69 1084.36 241.30 (r)

Rail Transportation (4821) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Transportation (4831) 2,756 64% $65,682 0.09 19.99 56.36 309.20

Inland Water Transportation (4832) 252 33% $57,683 0.26 60.49 41.55 935.44

General Freight Trucking (4841) 18,277 ‐13% $42,233 0.26 59.38 0.00 (r)

Specialized Freight Trucking (4842) 7,262 40% $41,276 0.40 91.54 0.00 (r)

Urban Transit Systems (4851) 9,452 35% $50,941 0.37 66.76 70.35 117.83

Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation

(4852) 506 ‐48% $44,672 0.53 95.05 70.35 167.76

Taxi and Limousine Service (4853) 2,258 72% $31,254 0.33 59.66 0.00 105.30

School and Employee Bus Transportation

(4854) 3,441 ‐21% $27,401 0.18 32.86 0.00 57.99

Charter Bus Industry (4855) 692 ‐37% $34,085 0.22 38.39 70.35 67.75

Other Transit and Ground Passenger

Transportation (4859) 4,539 283% $30,124 0.23 40.44 0.00 71.38

Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil (4861) 123 ‐61% $119,596 0.24 11.89 0.00 321.88

Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas (4862) 154 ‐40% $101,868 1.88 93.46 0.00 2529.83

Other Pipeline Transportation (4869) 331 63% $94,842 0.48 23.63 0.00 639.65

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

(4871) 895 73% $33,941 0.03 3.35 70.35 9.24

C‐43


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water

(4872) 213 ‐32% $22,464 0.00 0.03 70.35 3.41

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

(4879) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Support Activities for Air Transportation

(4881) 11,559 52% $45,506 0.01 1.23 10.21 17.15

Support Activities for Rail Transportation

(4882) 561 161% $43,386 0.03 3.77 0.00 3.90

Support Activities for Water Transportation

(4883) 8,425 19% $81,301 0.01 1.57 0.00 1.65

Support Activities for Road Transportation

(4884) 3,613 13% $34,230 0.04 4.93 0.00 5.11

Freight Transportation Arrangement (4885) 15,175 28% $53,262 0.03 3.27 0.00 3.39

Other Support Activities for Transportation

(4889) 2,636 144% $68,705 0.07 8.50 0.00 8.81

Postal Service (4911) 18,873 ‐30% $60,054 0.01 0.86 439.02 5.03

Couriers and Express Delivery Services

(4921) 15,588 ‐14% $47,212 0.50 113.13 420.70 (r)

Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) 2,902 ‐41% $25,930 0.45 103.34 420.70 (r)

Warehousing and Storage (4931) 16,180 15% $47,130 0.01 0.48 0.00 5.78


Publishers (5111) 8,855 ‐57% $73,616 0.01 0.00 0.00 24.52

Software Publishers (5112) 5,148 6% $141,587 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.38

Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) 118,731 ‐10% $95,157 0.00 0.00 52.53 8.46

Sound Recording Industries (5122) 3,066 ‐14% $101,075 0.02 0.00 0.00 62.73

Radio and Television Broadcasting (5151) 14,281 14% $114,942 0.11 0.15 0.00 139.87

Cable and Other Subscription Programming

(5152) 4,098 ‐16% $105,087 0.02 0.03 0.00 38.44

Wired Telecommunications Carriers (5171) 13,712 260% $87,606 0.05 0.06 0.00 16.69

Wireless Telecommunications Carriers

(except Satellite) (5172) 4,371 11% $63,021 0.03 0.05 0.00 12.32

Satellite Telecommunications (5174) 1,313 ‐52% $74,652 0.01 0.02 0.00 5.23

Other Telecommunications (5179) 6,837 ‐60% $86,812 0.07 0.09 0.00 24.30

Data Processing, Hosting, and Related

Services (5182) 4,556 ‐19% $79,507 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.06

Other Information Services (5191) 12,287 106% $79,378 0.01 0.01 286.01 14.70

Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (5211) 506 ‐30% $113,332 0.01 0.06 0.00 16.30

Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) 48,119 ‐28% $65,480 0.01 0.03 1268.28 8.57

Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) 14,100 1% $70,150 0.00 0.01 316.49 2.64

Activities Related to Credit Intermediation

(5223) 10,448 52% $64,330 0.00 0.01 16.99 2.66

C‐44


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Securities and Commodity Contracts

Intermediation and Brokerage (5231) 9,236 ‐8% $209,470 0.01 0.01 18.21 6.64

Securities and Commodity Exchanges (5232) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 13,050 23% $236,254 0.01 0.01 29.86 7.04

Insurance Carriers (5241) 18,322 ‐42% $90,135 0.00 0.00 29.75 8.90

Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance

Related Activities (5242) 26,042 ‐19% $72,425 0.01 0.04 25.05 5.86

Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds

(5251) 1,082 37% $53,695 0.00 0.00 30.10 15.32

Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) 1,154 21% $101,317 0.00 0.00 8.34 15.23

Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 15,159 ‐26% $44,843 0.03 0.10 26.16 16.46

Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers

(5312) 11,422 110% $71,281 0.02 0.09 36.12 14.90

Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) 26,179 27% $50,090 0.03 0.11 23.42 17.23

Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing

(5321) 6,386 1% $46,760 0.00 0.01 336.79 2.27

Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 6,610 10% $39,634 0.00 0.02 649.67 2.95

General Rental Centers (5323) 1,222 ‐66% $49,695 0.00 0.01 420.70 1.29


Equipment Rental and Leasing (5324) 5,444 40% $65,572 0.00 0.05 0.00 6.08

Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets

(except Copyrighted Works) (5331) 920 ‐16% $99,599 0.29 2.97 0.00 128.18

Legal Services (5411) 47,821 8% $105,037 0.01 0.05 29.70 11.15

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping,

and Payroll Services (5412) 40,621 15% $67,980 0.01 0.04 19.58 6.91

Architectural, Engineering, and Related

Services (5413) 35,748 52% $107,556 0.01 0.02 26.99 6.83

Specialized Design Services (5414) 8,274 42% $66,666 0.01 0.02 5.57 7.48

Computer Systems Design and Related

Services (5415) 28,289 59% $92,099 0.00 0.01 0.00 8.86

Management, Scientific, and Technical

Consulting Services (5416) 43,705 184% $69,002 0.00 0.02 0.00 5.55

Scientific Research and Development

Services (5417) 16,982 ‐2% $102,193 0.02 0.08 0.00 8.77

Advertising, Public Relations, and Related

Services (5418) 23,414 13% $94,510 0.03 0.14 0.00 66.46

Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services (5419) 14,951 28% $45,972 0.01 0.05 129.78 9.83

Management of Companies and Enterprises

(5511) 54,889 ‐3% $94,565 0.01 0.00 0.00 9.12

Office Administrative Services (5611) 21,154 58% $75,578 0.01 0.16 0.00 7.33

Facilities Support Services (5612) 391 ‐88% $31,859 0.01 0.13 0.00 7.72

C‐45


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Employment Services (5613) 89,407 ‐12% $27,183 0.00 0.01 26.04 0.78

Business Support Services (5614) 15,258 ‐48% $37,619 0.00 0.06 260.74 4.85

Travel Arrangement and Reservation

Services (5615) 8,046 ‐30% $49,583 0.04 1.37 30.10 14.57

Investigation and Security Services (5616) 49,176 36% $24,389 0.00 0.03 25.39 2.41

Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 40,273 15% $26,356 0.01 0.06 7.75 7.68

Other Support Services (5619) 7,107 51% $39,789 0.01 0.21 0.00 8.34

Waste Collection (5621) 4,244 117% $55,572 0.00 6.09 0.00 69.33

Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 2,845 ‐42% $59,224 0.01 8.79 166.39 100.14

Remediation and Other Waste Management

Services (5629) 2,051 109% $45,753 0.01 17.72 0.00 201.86

Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) 214,485 ‐39% $47,226 0.01 0.20 151.24 7.37

Junior Colleges (6112) 25,464 ‐33% $50,890 0.03 0.52 156.07 19.21

Colleges, Universities, and Professional

Schools (6113) 82,332 17% $62,803 0.08 1.45 90.00 53.69

Business Schools and Computer and

Management Training (6114) 1,743 ‐10% $42,725 0.00 0.02 202.95 3.45

Technical and Trade Schools (6115) 6,477 199% $44,135 0.00 0.04 202.95 4.57

Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 15,643 108% $24,333 0.00 0.02 219.79 2.88

Educational Support Services (6117) 5,488 450% $34,148 0.00 0.02 30.10 2.59

Offices of Physicians (6211) 77,670 28% $74,721 0.00 0.11 237.12 5.83

Offices of Dentists (6212) 27,960 31% $40,371 0.00 0.09 237.12 4.68

Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 16,293 49% $35,471 0.00 0.10 284.54 5.42

Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 21,940 131% $56,530 0.02 0.52 281.98 13.27

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) 9,286 76% $52,479 0.02 0.52 237.12 13.30

Home Health Care Services (6216) 21,739 69% $28,329 0.00 0.08 0.00 4.78

Other Ambulatory Health Care Services

(6219) 7,056 45% $38,618 0.01 0.34 12.71 8.58

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals

(6221) 139,782 7% $68,328 0.03 0.22 126.54 21.71

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals

(6222) 5,947 ‐27% $48,810 0.02 0.10 126.54 9.70

Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance

Abuse) Hospitals (6223) 2,487 125% $51,025 0.01 0.06 126.54 6.33

Nursing Care Facilities (6231) 39,323 16% $30,464 0.02 0.76 118.46 5.80

Residential Mental Retardation, Mental

Health and Substance Abuse Facilities

(6232)

13,898 141% $32,421 0.03 0.93 118.46 7.06

Community Care Facilities for the Elderly

(6233) 12,985 40% $25,264 0.02 0.80 71.08 6.05

Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) 4,444 50% $31,947 0.02 0.57 71.08 4.35

C‐46


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Individual and Family Services (6241) 40,330 72% $36,608 0.01 0.35 46.76 5.59

Community Food and Housing, and

Emergency and Other Relief Services

(6242)

4,178 99% $36,260 0.01 0.36 56.06 5.75

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) 7,422 ‐25% $25,692 0.01 0.32 46.76 5.08

Child Day Care Services (6244) 16,708 29% $24,700 0.00 0.07 268.91 3.35

Performing Arts Companies (7111) 5,144 56% $125,220 0.00 0.03 129.18 6.79

Spectator Sports (7112) 5,083 4% $106,154 0.00 0.01 129.18 3.31

Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and

Similar Events (7113) 2,113 77% $51,443 0.01 0.04 77.29 11.79


Entertainers, and Other Public Figures

(7114)

6,900 36% $131,266 0.00 0.02 0.00 5.77

Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers

(7115) 10,250 66% $350,545 0.00 0.03 0.00 12.56

Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar

Institutions (7121) 4,692 41% $44,641 0.08 0.69 104.76 68.80

Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 4,010 20% $40,845 0.00 0.01 226.03 0.71

Gambling Industries (7132) 7,526 59% $27,637 0.00 0.00 687.87 0.35

Other Amusement and Recreation Industries

(7139) 33,033 9% $22,727 0.01 0.11 319.99 11.42

Traveler Accommodation (7211) 40,009 0% $30,143 0.06 1.68 261.31 13.83

RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and

Recreational Camps (7212) 435 52% $25,916 0.01 0.31 231.68 6.89

Rooming and Boarding Houses (7213) 364 7% $28,855 0.03 1.23 0.00 8.10

Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 5,159 ‐95% ‐ 0.03 0.71 425.42 8.56

Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) 3,835 ‐89% ‐ 0.03 0.96 2832.90 11.62

Special Food Services (7223) 17,255 162% $24,559 0.04 1.20 485.56 14.49

Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) 6,409 ‐4% $16,077 0.04 1.06 502.07 12.78

Other Eating and Drinking Places (7225) 270,353 293% $17,530 0.03 0.78 1599.42 9.41

Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) 28,319 ‐3% $29,878 0.01 0.40 471.15 9.06

Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair

and Maintenance (8112) 1,932 ‐39% $41,538 0.01 0.31 288.86 11.01


Equipment (except Automotive and

Electronic) Repair and Maintenance (8113)

4,363 ‐16% $54,340 0.00 0.31 0.00 9.34


Maintenance (8114) 2,182 ‐18% $32,730 0.01 0.70 288.86 23.99

Personal Care Services (8121) 16,223 42% $21,399 0.00 0.13 260.47 6.07

Death Care Services (8122) 3,156 ‐1% $49,169 0.02 1.36 492.75 22.95

Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 11,215 ‐14% $26,486 0.01 0.41 194.35 6.30

C‐47


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Other Personal Services (8129) 16,744 26% $26,399 0.01 0.55 71.00 14.13

Religious Organizations (8131) 6,581 ‐68% $28,012 0.01 0.47 169.60 13.46

Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 19,973 20% $51,082 0.02 1.23 23.47 20.57

Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 4,748 160% $41,776 0.01 0.74 30.10 12.37

Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 9,817 14% $22,255 0.03 1.88 605.87 15.92

Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and

Similar Organizations (8139) 10,610 17% $60,953 0.04 2.61 489.58 22.15

Private Households (8141) 120,255 449% $13,470 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Government Support (9211) 43,271 ‐54% $61,652 0.13 7.40 162.28 48.57

Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities

(9221) 73,102 32% $84,945 0.23 13.34 181.86 157.13


Programs (9231) 14,412 19% $71,848 0.22 13.10 188.74 86.35

Administration of Environmental Quality

Programs (9241) 2,536 ‐15% $64,245 0.00 0.18 115.90 1.35


Planning, and Community Development

(9251)

2,923 ‐29% $70,252 0.18 10.41 124.52 68.35

Administration of Economic Program (9261) 11,509 36% $73,541 0.14 8.14 104.02 56.49

Space Research and Technology (9271) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

National Security and International Affairs

(9281) 3,472 9% $85,144 0.03 1.58 32.26 (r)

Unclassified (9999) 88,355 174% $53,518 0.03 1.42 48.70 5.61

Sources: California Employment Development Department Establishment Database for Los Angeles County; California Energy Commission, Energy Consumption Database; IMPLAN economic simulation software and data for Los Angeles County; United States Environmental Protection Agency eGRID2012 Version 1.0 for electricity emissions and Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator for natural gas emissions; California MRIO-LCA model; The U.S. Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model developed by Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; and Economic Roundtable model for estimating GHG emissions from vehicle operations for customer trips. See Appendix A.5.

C‐48

C.2.2 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA

Summary of economic and environemtnal indicators data used to ranks industries in the City of

Los Angeles, by 4‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer establishments are

suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model used to estimate life

cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are presented with “‐“.

Table C.2.2: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, City of LA

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Oilseed and Grain Farming (1111) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Vegetable and Melon Farming (1112) 54 ‐78% $22,375 0.65 56.38 0.00 203.90

Fruit and Tree Nut Farming (1113) 979 215% $24,756 0.59 47.96 0.00 158.54

Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture

Production (1114) 303 ‐20% $30,542 0.66 29.66 0.00 112.09

Other Crop Farming (1119) 36 ‐50% $29,755 0.39 87.02 0.00 206.89

Cattle Ranching and Farming (1121) 53 362% $59,006 0.28 158.58 0.00 (r)

Poultry and Egg Production (1123) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Sheep and Goat Farming (1124) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Aquaculture (1125) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Other Animal Production (1129) 43 139% $49,675 0.17 60.18 0.00 (r)

Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest

Products (1132) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Logging (1133) (s) (s) $15,207 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fishing (1141) 35 ‐86% $135,820 0.65 12.83 0.00 (r)

Hunting and Trapping (1142) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Support Activities for Crop Production (1151) 89 ‐69% $34,125 0.04 0.60 0.00 74.22

Support Activities for Animal Production

(1152) 110 ‐45% $33,400 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92

Support Activities for Forestry (1153) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Oil and Gas Extraction (2111) 510 ‐14% $511,071 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47

Coal Mining (2121) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Metal Ore Mining (2122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying

(2123) 166 28% $68,554 1.90 4.32 0.00 188.03

Support Activities for Mining (2131) 601 2335% $127,338 1.63 0.06 0.00 418.24


Distribution (2211) 9,193 0% $109,356 81.80 1439.43 0.00 15325.50

Natural Gas Distribution (2212) 2,150 0% $97,657 0.71 393.89 0.00 5517.05

Water, Sewage and Other Systems (2213) 2,285 ‐17% $87,091 1.29 222.42 0.00 976.41

Residential Building Construction (2361) 6,325 16% $43,877 0.39 0.09 0.00 114.83

C‐49


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Nonresidential Building Construction (2362) 2,934 ‐23% $74,425 0.33 0.07 0.00 61.84

Utility System Construction (2371) 574 ‐7% $71,520 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93

Land Subdivision (2372) 863 ‐11% $77,390 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93

Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction

(2373) 1,565 18% $69,728 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93

Other Heavy and Civil Engineering

Construction (2379) 276 ‐95% $76,766 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.88


Contractors (2381) 544 ‐72% $39,889 2.43 0.55 0.00 457.55

Building Equipment Contractors (2382) 1,110 ‐77% $48,995 3.25 0.74 0.00 610.12

Building Finishing Contractors (2383) 797 ‐75% $34,671 2.63 0.60 0.00 493.87

Other Specialty Trade Contractors (2389) 420 ‐58% $45,231 1.77 0.39 0.00 377.40

Animal Food Manufacturing (3111) 232 ‐73% $56,337 0.85 22.29 0.00 1594.78

Grain and Oilseed Milling (3112) 104 ‐43% $55,099 0.94 19.91 0.00 1776.40

Sugar and Confectionery Product

Manufacturing (3113) 739 7% $38,565 0.18 4.05 0.00 549.66

Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty

Food Manufacturing (3114) 1,384 14% $61,262 0.30 7.83 0.00 626.51

Dairy Product Manufacturing (3115) 424 ‐45% $72,310 0.56 14.21 0.00 1534.71

Animal Slaughtering and Processing (3116) 479 ‐50% $35,088 0.14 3.07 0.00 605.16

Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging

(3117) 249 ‐80% $32,669 0.24 6.59 0.00 298.87

Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing (3118) 5,485 ‐17% $32,090 0.13 3.48 126.61 152.39

Other Food Manufacturing (3119) 1,173 113% $44,821 0.23 5.53 0.00 407.45

Beverage Manufacturing (3121) 2,271 4% $64,927 0.39 10.10 0.00 633.29

Tobacco Manufacturing (3122) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills (3131) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Fabric Mills (3132) 443 ‐59% $40,465 0.39 11.63 0.00 173.65

Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric

Coating Mills (3133) 2,205 ‐37% $34,702 0.49 22.97 0.00 165.88

Textile Furnishings Mills (3141) 500 ‐58% $33,196 0.10 1.85 0.00 98.21

Other Textile Product Mills (3149) 835 ‐67% $39,526 0.15 2.14 0.00 87.36

Apparel Knitting Mills (3151) 259 ‐53% $28,312 0.02 0.05 0.00 99.42

Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing (3152) 24,623 ‐55% $30,474 0.01 0.04 0.00 38.88


Manufacturing (3159) 330 ‐83% $36,653 0.11 0.66 0.00 267.78

Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing

(3161) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Footwear Manufacturing (3162) 297 ‐44% $23,926 0.02 0.07 0.00 98.38

C‐50


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Other Leather and Allied Product

Manufacturing (3169) 297 ‐64% $41,322 0.04 0.14 0.00 140.78

Sawmills and Wood Preservation (3211) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood

Product Manufacturing (3212) 40 ‐41% $33,335 0.13 0.65 0.00 103.35

Other Wood Product Manufacturing (3219) 842 ‐17% $29,966 0.03 0.16 0.00 67.16

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills (3221) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Converted Paper Product Manufacturing

(3222) 830 ‐62% $38,686 0.38 10.03 0.00 272.44

Printing and Related Support Activities

(3231) 4,599 ‐55% $40,767 0.02 0.49 0.00 45.29

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

(3241) 1,397 30% $120,940 189.05 15112.11 0.00 (r)

Basic Chemical Manufacturing (3251) 277 ‐56% $67,627 4.99 292.34 0.00 1468.48

Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial

Synthetic Fibers and Filaments


145 ‐7% $47,431 5.99 102.21 0.00 1820.72


Chemical Manufacturing (3253) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing

(3254) 2,985 ‐1% $71,289 0.22 1.71 0.00 145.77

Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing

(3255) 547 ‐51% $46,122 0.40 9.67 0.00 434.99

Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet

Preparation Manufacturing (3256) 3,284 12% $58,576 0.48 7.62 0.00 292.17


Manufacturing (3259) 253 ‐53% $31,641 0.53 9.63 0.00 453.56

Plastics Product Manufacturing (3261) 2,028 ‐35% $41,461 0.18 1.11 0.00 214.64

Rubber Product Manufacturing (3262) 255 ‐53% $33,091 0.17 1.75 0.00 141.50

Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing

(3271) 181 ‐62% $44,513 0.37 14.42 0.00 165.38

Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing

(3272) 990 ‐24% $37,705 0.17 4.74 0.00 128.20


Manufacturing (3273) 486 ‐30% $51,225 0.10 3.60 0.00 826.96

Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing

(3274) 50 ‐75% $39,367 1.60 214.97 0.00 1406.44

Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product

Manufacturing (3279) 254 ‐22% $43,629 0.12 4.25 0.00 319.10

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy

Manufacturing (3311) 60 164% $47,845 1.56 89.76 0.00 1316.32

Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased

Steel (3312) 205 87% $61,892 0.17 1.53 0.00 956.99

C‐51


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Alumina and Aluminum Production and

Processing (3313) 94 ‐26% $46,994 0.59 25.95 0.00 638.13

Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum)

Production and Processing (3314) 25 ‐96% $53,012 0.30 2.00 0.00 501.16

Foundries (3315) 242 ‐68% $34,238 0.12 0.95 0.00 193.45

Forging and Stamping (3321) 407 ‐37% $44,436 0.52 9.81 0.00 379.40

Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing (3322) 228 ‐54% $44,575 0.10 1.26 0.00 117.46

Architectural and Structural Metals

Manufacturing (3323) 1,737 ‐21% $40,262 0.07 1.09 0.00 155.17

Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container

Manufacturing (3324) 418 ‐45% $89,870 0.37 5.44 0.00 531.09

Hardware Manufacturing (3325) 119 ‐71% $28,938 0.10 1.46 0.00 151.79

Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing

(3326) 65 ‐73% $34,108 0.08 1.30 0.00 101.22

Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw,

Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing (3327) 3,256 ‐23% $51,135 0.09 1.01 0.00 97.70

Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and

Allied Activities (3328) 1,670 ‐48% $40,252 0.37 6.36 0.00 180.65


Manufacturing (3329) 2,414 ‐33% $59,973 0.19 2.47 0.00 208.77

Agriculture, Construction, and Mining


Industrial Machinery Manufacturing (3332) 189 ‐59% $43,287 0.08 0.53 0.00 130.91


Manufacturing (3333) 506 ‐13% $46,404 0.13 0.65 0.00 202.56




128 ‐61% $48,579 0.06 0.39 0.00 97.25

Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing

(3335) 416 ‐65% $40,325 0.06 0.32 0.00 68.31


Equipment Manufacturing (3336) 220 4% $85,257 0.11 0.66 0.00 205.84

Other General Purpose Machinery

Manufacturing (3339) 945 ‐33% $43,212 0.10 0.71 0.00 135.68

Computer and Peripheral Equipment

Manufacturing (3341) 156 ‐90% $68,460 0.10 0.53 0.00 151.28

Communications Equipment Manufacturing

(3342) 564 ‐57% $48,713 0.03 0.18 0.00 91.22

Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing

(3343) 268 ‐89% $92,261 0.09 0.31 0.00 319.74

Semiconductor and Other Electronic


C‐52


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical,

and Control Instruments Manufacturing

(3345)

8,084 ‐11% $88,279 0.05 0.25 0.00 93.34

Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic

and Optical Media (3346) 500 ‐43% $61,257 0.13 0.58 0.00 168.35

Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing

(3351) 622 ‐50% $55,478 0.04 0.27 0.00 77.27

Household Appliance Manufacturing (3352) 58 ‐37% $47,308 0.07 0.45 0.00 153.99

Electrical Equipment Manufacturing (3353) 416 ‐41% $57,183 0.05 0.33 0.00 85.56


Manufacturing (3359) 769 25% $84,975 0.14 1.04 0.00 163.56

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing (3361) 111 ‐58% $120,378 0.29 3.93 0.00 567.60


Manufacturing (3362) 175 38% $33,536 0.15 1.91 0.00 238.84

Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (3363) 428 ‐81% $58,709 0.12 1.29 0.00 149.93

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing

(3364) 5,066 ‐34% $93,851 0.15 1.75 0.00 127.20

Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing (3365) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Ship and Boat Building (3366) 38 ‐93% $41,079 0.06 0.73 0.00 72.91

Other Transportation Equipment

Manufacturing (3369) 58 ‐66% $80,215 0.17 1.93 0.00 251.92

Household and Institutional Furniture and

Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing (3371) 2,541 ‐34% $30,636 0.03 0.15 0.00 41.55

Office Furniture (including Fixtures)

Manufacturing (3372) 699 ‐53% $44,946 0.07 0.48 0.00 85.94


Manufacturing (3379) 159 ‐75% $26,620 0.03 0.10 0.00 54.17

Medical Equipment and Supplies

Manufacturing (3391) 2,657 29% $73,481 0.05 1.32 0.00 54.94

Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing (3399) 4,000 ‐45% $42,909 0.05 1.70 0.00 66.95

Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and



Wholesalers (4232) 1,599 ‐22% $48,353 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Lumber and Other Construction Materials




Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum)

Merchant Wholesalers (4235) 562 ‐32% $75,267 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Wholesalers (4236) 4,113 ‐18% $78,177 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

C‐53


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating

Equipment and Supplies Merchant

Wholesalers (4237)

1,803 3% $38,729 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies


Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant

Wholesalers (4239) 7,593 ‐9% $50,464 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Paper and Paper Product Merchant

Wholesalers (4241) 1,181 ‐31% $49,151 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Wholesalers (4242) 2,679 30% $80,620 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Wholesalers (4243) 11,367 14% $44,099 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Grocery and Related Product Merchant

Wholesalers (4244) 11,743 20% $47,445 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Farm Product Raw Material Merchant

Wholesalers (4245) 32 ‐5% $91,215 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Chemical and Allied Products Merchant

Wholesalers (4246) 580 ‐43% $66,081 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Wholesalers (4247) 288 77% $97,700 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Merchant Wholesalers (4248) 1,929 105% $58,127 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Wholesalers (4249) 5,467 ‐1% $45,040 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents

and Brokers (4251) 7,556 91% $60,311 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Automobile Dealers (4411) 6,702 ‐11% $55,337 0.05 0.14 382.33 20.32

Other Motor Vehicle Dealers (4412) 437 1% $34,748 0.05 0.14 382.33 20.32

Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire

Stores (4413) 3,872 ‐16% $31,580 0.05 0.14 653.63 20.32

Furniture Stores (4421) 1,644 ‐26% $32,029 0.04 0.10 268.19 14.87

Home Furnishings Stores (4422) 3,009 ‐1% $30,773 0.04 0.10 221.06 14.87

Electronics and Appliance Stores (4431) 5,920 ‐5% $68,037 0.06 0.16 424.52 22.79

Building Material and Supplies Dealers

(4441) 6,973 50% $33,082 0.04 0.11 496.04 16.01

Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies

Stores (4442) 732 ‐22% $24,318 0.04 0.11 400.51 16.01

Grocery Stores (4451) 27,277 27% $27,329 0.07 0.19 1769.84 19.30

Specialty Food Stores (4452) 3,887 37% $22,352 0.07 0.19 404.40 19.30

Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores (4453) 1,420 8% $21,152 0.07 0.19 404.40 19.30



C‐54


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Clothing Stores (4481) 16,587 51% $23,140 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07

Shoe Stores (4482) 2,559 30% $27,985 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07

Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores

(4483) 2,028 20% $34,606 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07

Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical

Instrument Stores (4511) 4,317 11% $29,819 0.03 0.07 400.33 10.29

Book, Periodical, and Music Stores (4512) 1,268 ‐63% $19,580 0.03 0.07 1769.64 10.29

Department Stores (4521) 10,682 ‐12% $24,020 0.04 0.10 497.38 14.09

Other General Merchandise Stores (4529) 8,965 92% $24,421 0.04 0.10 629.75 14.09

Florists (4531) 507 ‐50% $27,468 0.04 0.10 346.63 13.60

Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores

(4532) 5,580 13% $32,289 0.04 0.10 327.53 13.60

Used Merchandise Stores (4533) 1,559 59% $23,293 0.04 0.10 346.63 13.60

Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers (4539) 3,322 25% $30,972 0.04 0.10 364.31 13.60

Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses

(4541) 2,535 15% $71,932 0.07 0.18 0.00 26.16

Vending Machine Operators (4542) 119 ‐62% $49,960 0.07 0.18 0.00 26.16

Direct Selling Establishments (4543) 1,067 ‐12% $36,953 0.07 0.18 328.48 26.16

Scheduled Air Transportation (4811) 14,612 ‐44% $60,431 6.24 1442.02 243.01 (r)

Nonscheduled Air Transportation (4812) 1,168 ‐6% $85,342 6.24 1442.02 238.06 (r)



Transportation (4831) 723 ‐2% $60,645 0.33 76.18 49.71 1178.16

Inland Water Transportation (4832) 200 140% $64,867 0.33 76.18 37.65 1178.16

General Freight Trucking (4841) 3,162 ‐4% $38,898 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r)

Specialized Freight Trucking (4842) 1,937 78% $37,074 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r)

Urban Transit Systems (4851) 4,976 34% $51,791 0.71 126.82 70.35 223.84

Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation

(4852) 379 ‐19% $37,081 0.71 126.82 70.35 223.84

Taxi and Limousine Service (4853) 1,062 56% $32,196 0.71 126.82 0.00 223.84

School and Employee Bus Transportation

(4854) 892 6% $26,837 0.71 126.82 0.00 223.84

Charter Bus Industry (4855) 209 ‐36% $44,546 0.71 126.82 70.35 223.84

Other Transit and Ground Passenger

Transportation (4859) 1,447 390% $30,065 0.71 126.82 0.00 223.84

Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil (4861) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas (4862) 105 ‐34% $102,095 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44

Other Pipeline Transportation (4869) 57 ‐64% $66,748 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

(4871) 239 85% $26,678 0.11 12.56 70.35 34.62

C‐55


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water

(4872) 45 ‐39% $17,938 0.00 0.16 70.35 16.10

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

(4879) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Support Activities for Air Transportation

(4881) 10,515 82% $44,440 0.01 1.35 6.71 18.86

Support Activities for Rail Transportation

(4882) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Support Activities for Water Transportation

(4883) 1,066 4% $86,487 0.10 12.37 0.00 13.07

Support Activities for Road Transportation

(4884) 1,418 3% $37,503 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02

Freight Transportation Arrangement (4885) 3,949 7% $53,912 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02

Other Support Activities for Transportation

(4889) 1,784 316% $80,667 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02

Postal Service (4911) 6,850 ‐39% $60,404 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85

Couriers and Express Delivery Services

(4921) 8,363 ‐14% $52,419 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r)

Local Messengers and Local Delivery (4922) 1,422 ‐47% $21,437 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r)

Warehousing and Storage (4931) 1,981 ‐30% $53,182 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21


Publishers (5111) 5,080 ‐59% $83,916 0.01 0.00 0.00 42.74

Software Publishers (5112) 2,002 9% $137,905 0.01 0.00 0.00 34.41

Motion Picture and Video Industries (5121) 30,440 ‐43% $130,686 0.02 0.01 74.93 33.00

Sound Recording Industries (5122) 1,372 ‐25% $82,786 0.04 0.01 0.00 140.24

Radio and Television Broadcasting (5151) 10,759 10% $120,260 0.14 0.20 0.00 185.66

Cable and Other Subscription Programming

(5152) 2,182 ‐12% $95,822 0.04 0.06 0.00 72.20

Wired Telecommunications Carriers (5171) 4,442 368% $83,159 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53

Wireless Telecommunications Carriers

(except Satellite) (5172) 1,045 ‐7% $68,423 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53

Satellite Telecommunications (5174) 133 ‐70% $74,003 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53

Other Telecommunications (5179) 3,224 ‐61% $96,168 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53

Data Processing, Hosting, and Related

Services (5182) 1,007 ‐62% $64,022 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12


Monetary Authorities‐Central Bank (5211) 379 ‐44% $90,268 0.01 0.09 0.00 21.79

Depository Credit Intermediation (5221) 18,916 ‐45% $75,275 0.01 0.09 1271.53 21.79

Nondepository Credit Intermediation (5222) 5,225 ‐1% $60,949 0.01 0.04 293.63 7.13

Activities Related to Credit Intermediation

(5223) 3,900 74% $78,060 0.01 0.04 20.52 7.13

C‐56


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Securities and Commodity Contracts

Intermediation and Brokerage (5231) 5,194 ‐14% $258,272 0.01 0.02 17.56 11.80

Securities and Commodity Exchanges (5232) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Other Financial Investment Activities (5239) 7,783 110% $306,339 0.01 0.02 29.83 11.80

Insurance Carriers (5241) 9,436 ‐44% $103,135 0.00 0.00 29.82 17.28

Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance

Related Activities (5242) 11,541 ‐30% $80,768 0.01 0.08 25.39 13.23

Insurance and Employee Benefit Funds (5251) 692 43% $53,077 0.00 0.00 30.10 23.97

Other Investment Pools and Funds (5259) 733 10% $107,608 0.00 0.00 7.46 23.97

Lessors of Real Estate (5311) 7,113 ‐29% $40,155 0.05 0.22 25.94 35.08

Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers

(5312) 4,851 95% $78,229 0.05 0.22 36.12 35.08

Activities Related to Real Estate (5313) 12,857 34% $53,402 0.05 0.22 24.25 35.08

Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing

(5321) 2,542 ‐17% $43,538 0.00 0.02 327.40 5.70

Consumer Goods Rental (5322) 2,929 23% $48,719 0.01 0.04 683.55 6.66

General Rental Centers (5323) 465 ‐60% $42,189 0.00 0.04 420.70 3.40


Equipment Rental and Leasing (5324) 2,628 42% $72,826 0.01 0.10 0.00 12.59

Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets

(except Copyrighted Works) (5331) 398 ‐15% $115,163 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60

Legal Services (5411) 33,122 7% $112,501 0.01 0.07 29.97 16.10

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping,

and Payroll Services (5412) 22,352 26% $69,098 0.01 0.07 19.22 12.56

Architectural, Engineering, and Related

Services (5413) 9,642 19% $84,021 0.02 0.08 27.12 25.32

Specialized Design Services (5414) 3,420 34% $66,957 0.01 0.05 6.21 18.10

Computer Systems Design and Related

Services (5415) 10,403 70% $93,999 0.01 0.03 0.00 24.10

Management, Scientific, and Technical

Consulting Services (5416) 20,970 246% $67,802 0.01 0.04 0.00 11.57

Scientific Research and Development Services

(5417) 2,501 ‐18% $79,242 0.11 0.52 0.00 59.54

Advertising, Public Relations, and Related

Services (5418) 13,025 19% $110,373 0.06 0.25 0.00 119.46

Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services (5419) 5,975 28% $55,719 0.02 0.13 111.10 24.58

Management of Companies and Enterprises

(5511) 19,514 ‐10% $101,948 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66

Office Administrative Services (5611) 11,297 105% $72,478 0.02 0.30 0.00 13.72

Facilities Support Services (5612) 95 ‐97% $30,733 0.03 0.52 0.00 31.69

Employment Services (5613) 24,679 ‐23% $34,940 0.00 0.04 26.18 2.82

C‐57


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Business Support Services (5614) 7,219 ‐50% $35,767 0.01 0.13 227.24 10.25

Travel Arrangement and Reservation

Services (5615) 3,284 ‐47% $58,813 0.10 3.36 30.10 35.69

Investigation and Security Services (5616) 23,684 56% $22,805 0.00 0.06 23.39 4.99

Services to Buildings and Dwellings (5617) 12,889 28% $26,332 0.02 0.18 5.59 24.01

Other Support Services (5619) 2,473 82% $37,344 0.03 0.59 0.00 23.96

Waste Collection (5621) 606 49% $49,792 0.03 42.60 0.00 485.13

Waste Treatment and Disposal (5622) 587 ‐46% $65,091 0.03 42.60 223.68 485.13

Remediation and Other Waste Management

Services (5629) 854 187% $40,984 0.03 42.60 0.00 485.13

Elementary and Secondary Schools (6111) 84,668 ‐31% $47,224 0.02 0.50 151.24 18.67

Junior Colleges (6112) 6,321 ‐56% $53,615 0.11 2.08 156.07 77.38

Colleges, Universities, and Professional

Schools (6113) 57,128 37% $67,726 0.11 2.08 90.00 77.38

Business Schools and Computer and

Management Training (6114) 818 ‐16% $38,691 0.00 0.05 202.95 7.34

Technical and Trade Schools (6115) 2,574 184% $47,086 0.01 0.11 202.95 11.50

Other Schools and Instruction (6116) 6,137 93% $29,685 0.00 0.05 218.72 7.34

Educational Support Services (6117) 1,938 280% $33,535 0.00 0.05 30.10 7.34

Offices of Physicians (6211) 30,608 32% $75,243 0.01 0.28 237.12 14.80

Offices of Dentists (6212) 8,845 26% $40,422 0.01 0.28 237.12 14.80

Offices of Other Health Practitioners (6213) 5,966 65% $34,943 0.01 0.28 284.54 14.80

Outpatient Care Centers (6214) 8,885 106% $55,360 0.05 1.29 279.23 32.76

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories (6215) 3,770 104% $57,672 0.05 1.29 237.12 32.76

Home Health Care Services (6216) 9,001 76% $29,463 0.01 0.20 0.00 11.55

Other Ambulatory Health Care Services

(6219) 1,848 9% $42,949 0.05 1.29 18.12 32.76

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals

(6221) 61,273 8% $68,034 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals

(6222) 1,164 ‐63% $47,057 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53

Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance

Abuse) Hospitals (6223) 318 ‐63% $45,263 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53

Nursing Care Facilities (6231) 14,282 10% $31,469 0.06 2.10 118.46 15.97

Residential Mental Retardation, Mental

Health and Substance Abuse Facilities

(6232)

6,146 185% $38,438 0.06 2.10 118.46 15.97

Community Care Facilities for the Elderly

(6233) 4,922 49% $28,568 0.06 2.10 71.08 15.97

Other Residential Care Facilities (6239) 1,212 2% $32,564 0.06 2.10 71.08 15.97

Individual and Family Services (6241) 22,894 36% $42,404 0.01 0.62 46.76 9.85

C‐58


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Community Food and Housing, and

Emergency and Other Relief Services (6242) 2,373 81% $35,330 0.01 0.64 56.08 10.13

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (6243) 3,724 ‐33% $28,629 0.01 0.64 46.76 10.13

Child Day Care Services (6244) 5,987 44% $24,644 0.01 0.19 268.91 9.35

Performing Arts Companies (7111) 3,221 57% $63,059 0.01 0.04 129.18 10.84

Spectator Sports (7112) 2,169 184% $120,051 0.00 0.02 129.18 7.75

Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and

Similar Events (7113) 1,117 46% $48,041 0.01 0.08 71.03 22.31


Entertainers, and Other Public Figures

(7114)

1,786 ‐27% $144,988 0.01 0.08 0.00 22.31

Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers

(7115) 6,148 68% $367,379 0.01 0.05 0.00 20.93

Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar

Institutions (7121) 3,279 56% $47,174 0.12 0.98 58.02 98.44

Amusement Parks and Arcades (7131) 73 ‐17% $23,866 0.02 0.35 687.87 38.70

Gambling Industries (7132) 69 50% $26,495 0.02 0.35 687.87 38.70

Other Amusement and Recreation Industries

(7139) 16,371 10% $25,460 0.02 0.22 334.13 23.04

Traveler Accommodation (7211) 16,733 ‐5% $31,479 0.16 4.02 259.23 33.07

RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and

Recreational Camps (7212) 59 ‐39% $32,339 0.05 2.25 231.68 50.53

Rooming and Boarding Houses (7213) 99 ‐47% $27,998 0.10 4.52 0.00 29.75

Full‐Service Restaurants (7221) 1,697 ‐96% $18,300 0.08 2.15 425.42 26.02

Limited‐Service Eating Places (7222) 1,713 ‐86% $18,300 0.08 2.15 2729.99 26.02

Special Food Services (7223) 9,887 187% $25,070 0.07 2.10 509.47 25.28

Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) (7224) 3,240 17% $16,203 0.07 2.10 502.07 25.28

Other Eating and Drinking Places (7225) 100,649 305% $18,300 0.07 2.10 1597.54 25.28

Automotive Repair and Maintenance (8111) 10,170 ‐6% $30,085 0.02 1.12 474.92 25.24

Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair

and Maintenance (8112) 651 ‐36% $42,360 0.02 0.93 288.86 32.69


Equipment (except Automotive and

Electronic) Repair and Maintenance (8113)

1,157 ‐20% $53,921 0.02 1.19 0.00 35.21


Maintenance (8114) 1,078 ‐19% $32,039 0.02 1.41 288.86 48.54

Personal Care Services (8121) 5,452 29% $21,253 0.01 0.40 251.21 18.07

Death Care Services (8122) 1,016 91% $49,381 0.06 4.22 541.07 71.29

Drycleaning and Laundry Services (8123) 4,220 ‐11% $25,641 0.02 1.10 237.17 16.75

Other Personal Services (8129) 9,299 22% $26,526 0.02 0.99 60.46 25.45

Religious Organizations (8131) 3,209 ‐61% $30,778 0.01 0.97 169.60 27.62

C‐59


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Grantmaking and Giving Services (8132) 16,067 26% $51,102 0.02 1.53 25.84 25.57

Social Advocacy Organizations (8133) 2,297 123% $47,801 0.02 1.53 30.10 25.57

Civic and Social Organizations (8134) 3,929 18% $22,183 0.07 4.69 605.87 39.78

Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and

Similar Organizations (8139) 5,907 36% $66,367 0.07 4.69 477.49 39.78



Government Support (9211) 21,364 ‐62% $63,569 0.25 14.99 151.01 98.38

Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities

(9221) 56,394 25% $86,647 0.29 17.30 186.49 203.68


Programs (9231) 11,117 29% $74,241 0.29 16.98 188.74 111.95

Administration of Environmental Quality

Programs (9241) 79 3% $65,706 0.11 5.86 157.33 43.59


Planning, and Community Development

(9251)

2,031 ‐8% $72,637 0.25 14.99 143.46 98.38

Administration of Economic Program (9261) 8,352 42% $71,806 0.19 11.21 88.91 77.84


National Security and International Affairs

(9281) 411 ‐80% $77,895 0.26 13.36 100.12 (r)

Unclassified (9999) 32,600 183% $63,559 0.07 3.85 59.32 15.22


C‐60

C.2.3 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley


Angeles County’s SCAG Subregions, by 3‐digit NAICS industry. Industries with five or fewer

establishments are suppressed as “(s)”; industires with anomalies in the U.S. EIO‐LCA model

used to estimate life cycle impacts are presented as “(r)”; industires with no employment are

presented with “‐“.

Table C.2.3: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Fernando Valley

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of

gasoline per job for public

trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) 317 ‐52% $28,322 0.62 40.92 0.00 137.52

Animal Production (112) 57 194% $51,738 0.64 135.29 0.00 (r)

Forestry and Logging (113) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Fishing, Hunting and Trapping

(114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) 283 98% $30,205 0.03 0.44 0.00 74.07


Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) 84 ‐46% $80,013 2.16 5.29 0.00 205.25


Utilities (221) 1,915 0% $89,377 35.04 788.12 0.00 8397.05

Construction of Buildings (236) 7,193 1% $50,547 0.36 0.08 0.00 94.74


Construction (237) 1,413 ‐31% $73,713 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93

Specialty Trade Contractors (238) 299 ‐97% $43,756 23.05 5.23 0.00 4390.66



Manufacturing (312) 796 ‐44% $82,106 0.65 18.05 0.00 816.83

Textile Mills (313) 304 ‐46% $39,186 0.50 20.92 0.00 200.08

Textile Product Mills (314) 820 ‐7% $35,375 0.08 1.37 0.00 74.89

Apparel Manufacturing (315) 2,511 ‐73% $44,530 0.01 0.04 0.00 66.22


Manufacturing (316) 405 ‐61% $33,372 0.02 0.08 0.00 111.92

Wood Product Manufacturing (321) 508 ‐29% $35,277 0.04 0.19 0.00 69.51

Paper Manufacturing (322) 425 ‐39% $25,848 0.54 12.16 0.00 294.34


Activities (323) 3,601 ‐43% $51,053 0.02 0.49 0.00 44.82


Manufacturing (324) 13 ‐90% $144,482 81.75 6911.44 0.00 (r)

Chemical Manufacturing (325) 5,724 9% $54,860 0.82 14.26 0.00 342.81

C‐61


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Manufacturing (326) 2,385 ‐35% $40,605 0.18 1.14 0.00 212.40


Manufacturing (327) 1,701 ‐28% $42,015 0.19 8.54 0.00 304.85

Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) 527 ‐49% $42,113 0.35 19.77 0.00 516.17


Manufacturing (332) 10,900 ‐29% $51,382 0.16 2.39 0.00 161.93

Machinery Manufacturing (333) 5,093 ‐12% $71,580 0.12 0.67 0.00 170.26


Manufacturing (334) 12,910 ‐28% $77,064 0.06 1.18 0.00 92.82

Electrical Equipment, Appliance,

and Component Manufacturing

(335)

2,168 ‐6% $62,738 0.10 0.70 0.00 133.83


Manufacturing (336) 7,922 ‐28% $69,995 0.16 1.89 0.00 124.86


Manufacturing (337) 1,159 ‐39% $37,747 0.05 0.26 0.00 55.14

Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) 5,645 ‐18% $61,463 0.05 1.57 0.00 59.74


Goods (423) 16,954 ‐15% $60,878 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 9,302 ‐9% $52,465 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Agents and Brokers (425) 3,450 14% $62,404 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers

(441) 9,672 ‐5% $49,255 0.05 0.14 442.61 20.32


Stores (442) 3,068 ‐6% $26,624 0.04 0.10 244.01 14.87


(443) 4,564 3% $64,433 0.06 0.16 424.80 22.79



(444)

5,880 32% $31,650 0.04 0.11 475.54 16.01

Food and Beverage Stores (445) 18,849 34% $26,495 0.07 0.19 1605.27 19.30


(446) 6,603 46% $35,592 0.08 0.20 763.42 20.82



Stores (448) 10,214 35% $17,379 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 3,539 ‐11% $18,222 0.03 0.07 664.39 10.29

General Merchandise Stores (452) 15,746 26% $22,758 0.04 0.10 575.74 14.09

Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 5,826 1% $27,485 0.04 0.10 335.63 13.60

Nonstore Retailers (454) 1,858 ‐40% $42,384 0.07 0.18 105.60 26.16

C‐62


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Air Transportation (481) 1,223 23% $72,770 6.24 1442.02 251.79 (r)


Water Transportation (483) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Truck Transportation (484) 2,155 ‐16% $34,992 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r)


Transportation (485) 3,400 67% $38,600 0.71 126.82 28.28 223.84

Pipeline Transportation (486) 84 ‐30% $102,054 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44


Transportation (487) 367 81% $36,412 0.10 12.30 70.35 34.23

Support Activities for

Transportation (488) 2,198 11% $50,325 0.09 11.00 25.62 25.08

Postal Service (491) 3,854 5% $59,802 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85

Couriers and Messengers (492) 2,884 ‐29% $41,247 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r)

Warehousing and Storage (493) 769 48% $49,250 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21


Internet) (511) 2,195 ‐55% $78,492 0.01 0.00 0.00 40.03

Motion Picture and Sound

Recording Industries (512) 82,776 0% $80,922 0.02 0.01 12.19 35.01

Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 5,863 ‐2% $118,852 0.12 0.18 0.00 167.32

Telecommunications (517) 5,145 0% $82,048 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53

Data Processing, Hosting and

Related Services (518) 831 ‐35% $66,893 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12



(521) 71 999% $108,601 0.01 0.09 0.00 21.79


Activities (522) 13,548 ‐15% $56,175 0.01 0.07 760.20 15.38

Securities, Commodity Contracts,

and Other Financial Investments

and Related Activities (523)

2,457 24% $103,913 0.01 0.02 23.64 11.80


Activities (524) 16,245 ‐24% $83,911 0.01 0.04 27.19 15.27


Vehicles (525) 848 16% $66,094 0.00 0.00 19.68 23.97

Real Estate (531) 10,442 2% $47,042 0.05 0.22 29.09 35.08

Rental and Leasing Services (532) 6,358 20% $46,661 0.01 0.06 316.53 7.65


Assets (except Copyrighted

Works) (533)

336 41% $98,109 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60

Professional, Scientific, and

Technical Services (541) 47,983 17% $70,800 0.02 0.09 19.79 25.64

C‐63


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Enterprises (551) 6,796 ‐38% $87,690 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66

Administrative and Support

Services (561) 50,970 0% $34,415 0.01 0.27 35.90 12.06

Waste Management and

Remediation Services (562) 1,624 15% $54,288 0.03 42.60 83.97 485.13

Educational Services (611) 55,079 82% $45,270 0.04 0.80 146.86 30.26


(621) 48,418 55% $53,615 0.02 0.52 207.51 18.81

Hospitals (622) 20,533 ‐2% $63,650 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53


Facilities (623) 15,334 78% $30,729 0.06 2.10 107.55 15.97

Social Assistance (624) 12,744 103% $26,406 0.01 0.51 107.58 9.76


and Related Industries (711) 7,659 54% $217,739 0.01 0.06 32.58 19.01


Similar Institutions (712) 217 363% $35,719 0.12 0.98 155.11 98.44


Recreation Industries (713) 8,310 20% $30,804 0.02 0.27 258.57 29.17

Accommodation (721) 3,739 ‐2% $26,987 0.15 4.00 250.30 33.30


(722) 55,456 24% $17,271 0.07 2.10 1545.61 25.28

Repair and Maintenance (811) 8,070 ‐11% $30,533 0.02 1.19 460.86 27.62

Personal and Laundry Services (812) 8,916 8% $25,985 0.02 1.03 229.15 24.75



Organizations (813)

6,344 ‐19% $47,053 0.05 3.34 356.35 34.43



General Government Support

(921)

1,752 ‐47% $72,792 0.25 14.99 122.46 98.38


Activities (922) 1,093 12% $97,265 0.41 24.05 162.22 283.17


Programs (923) 1,352 108% $71,479 0.18 10.60 188.74 73.34


Quality Programs (924) 80 18% $51,730 0.18 10.29 109.68 70.21


Programs, Urban Planning, and

Community Development (925)

(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Programs (926) 398 ‐31% $30,313 0.44 25.48 186.09 171.52


(927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

C‐64


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Unclassified (999) 25,397 165% $59,299 0.05 2.47 38.05 9.76


C‐65

C.2.4 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County






Table C.2.4: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, North L.A. County

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) 281 ‐2% $27,526 0.60 60.96 0.00 198.95



Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) 47 ‐53% $15,038 0.03 0.35 0.00 73.98

Oil and Gas Extraction (211) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Support Activities for Mining (213) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Utilities (221) 609 48% $86,104 33.19 741.58 0.00 7282.36

Construction of Buildings (236) 563 ‐1% $44,008 0.37 0.08 0.00 100.80


Construction (237) 209 ‐20% $60,997 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.92

Specialty Trade Contractors (238) . ‐ $45,255 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Food Manufacturing (311) 26 ‐74% $38,828 0.13 3.34 228.82 267.47


Manufacturing (312) 76 999% $39,809 0.21 4.59 0.00 421.64

Textile Mills (313) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Textile Product Mills (314) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Apparel Manufacturing (315) 23 ‐70% $21,188 0.01 0.03 0.00 83.20


Manufacturing (316) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Wood Product Manufacturing (321) 27 113% $20,596 0.04 0.16 0.00 69.54

Paper Manufacturing (322) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (323) 355 315% $32,440 0.02 0.52 0.00 47.09



Chemical Manufacturing (325) 53 2558% $61,054 0.39 5.24 0.00 345.58



C‐66


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Manufacturing (327) 139 ‐11% $42,960 0.13 4.82 0.00 860.91

Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Manufacturing (332) 363 ‐50% $32,338 0.26 4.54 0.00 222.88

Machinery Manufacturing (333) 216 139% $56,164 0.13 0.60 0.00 154.42


Manufacturing (334) 2,748 451% $93,712 0.08 0.38 0.00 83.96


Component Manufacturing (335) 175 79% $35,980 0.04 0.29 0.00 84.68


Manufacturing (336) 3,642 ‐59% $98,324 0.10 0.94 0.00 150.62


Manufacturing (337) 65 118% $34,315 0.03 0.19 0.00 37.42

Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) 69 18% $29,822 0.04 1.38 0.00 46.77


Goods (423) 605 32% $35,957 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 369 30% $44,727 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Agents and Brokers (425) 87 30% $41,117 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


(441) 1,450 ‐8% $36,333 0.05 0.14 444.66 20.32


Stores (442) 173 ‐38% $26,454 0.04 0.10 246.23 14.87


(443) 287 ‐12% $20,420 0.06 0.16 424.49 22.79



(444)

862 73% $27,036 0.04 0.11 446.11 16.01



(446) 684 22% $34,676 0.08 0.20 762.13 20.82

Gasoline Stations (447) 485 27% $16,458 0.18 0.47 3039.24 52.67


Stores (448) 971 62% $14,485 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 504 1% $13,317 0.03 0.07 588.42 10.29


Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 444 ‐11% $17,457 0.04 0.10 315.57 13.60

Nonstore Retailers (454) 89 8% $23,620 0.07 0.18 139.30 26.16

Air Transportation (481) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


C‐67


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Truck Transportation (484) 296 25% $28,914 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r)


Transportation (485) 553 ‐7% $28,252 0.71 126.82 27.90 223.84

Pipeline Transportation (486) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Transportation (487) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


(488) 129 26% $34,877 0.10 11.58 11.90 18.68

Postal Service (491) 303 ‐8% $57,019 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85

Couriers and Messengers (492) 273 86% $37,953 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r)



Internet) (511) 213 ‐34% $35,040 0.01 0.00 0.00 31.68


Industries (512) 180 21% $16,138 0.02 0.01 1231.35 33.59

Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 83 52% $47,029 0.10 0.14 0.00 135.32

Telecommunications (517) 263 ‐18% $61,474 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53


Related Services (518) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Other Information Services (519) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


(521) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (522) 2,936 215% $34,191 0.01 0.06 561.27 13.32




59 34% $50,136 0.01 0.02 24.56 11.80


Activities (524) 587 47% $40,664 0.01 0.08 20.16 13.46


Vehicles (525) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Real Estate (531) 573 ‐10% $26,480 0.05 0.22 25.75 35.08

Rental and Leasing Services (532) 248 22% $37,480 0.00 0.05 254.51 7.21



Works) (533)

(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Services (541) 1,734 43% $41,307 0.02 0.10 42.56 25.10


Enterprises (551) 135 657% $58,879 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66


(561) 1,913 49% $24,464 0.02 0.25 65.54 16.56

C‐68


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Services (562) 196 ‐36% $53,747 0.03 42.60 295.22 485.13

Educational Services (611) 9,872 ‐8% $45,175 0.03 0.67 151.42 24.90


(621) 4,979 76% $57,044 0.02 0.44 215.16 17.45

Hospitals (622) 3,273 22% $61,304 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53


Facilities (623) 1,397 13% $28,152 0.06 2.10 108.71 15.97



and Related Industries (711) 213 1% $33,816 0.01 0.05 117.19 15.62




Recreation Industries (713) 551 24% $14,828 0.02 0.24 348.62 25.65

Accommodation (721) 948 32% $24,209 0.15 3.86 271.18 34.54


(722) 6,672 22% $14,996 0.07 2.10 1939.31 25.28

Repair and Maintenance (811) 708 ‐17% $29,329 0.02 1.02 370.92 27.25

Personal and Laundry Services (812) 581 ‐11% $18,283 0.02 1.16 308.87 25.52



Organizations (813)

398 ‐58% $20,372 0.04 2.67 309.22 32.15



General Government Support (921) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (922) 1,545 38% $45,261 0.22 12.77 24.36 150.44


Programs (923) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Quality Programs (924) 208 ‐4% $42,982 0.10 5.45 161.66 41.17




(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Programs (926) 131 85% $36,545 0.08 3.89 184.31 34.57



Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Unclassified (999) 2,370 206% $27,498 0.03 1.52 23.49 6.03

C‐69


C‐70

C.2.5 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro






Table C.2.5: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, L.A. City Metro

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011

Direct terajoules per job 2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) 1,088 183% $25,510 0.60 47.07 0.00 155.87



Fishing, Hunting and Trapping (114) 35 ‐84% $135,820 0.65 12.83 0.00 (r)


and Forestry (115) 167 ‐67% $34,863 0.03 0.45 0.00 74.08

Oil and Gas Extraction (211) 508 22% $512,967 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47

Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) 81 ‐ $56,649 1.63 3.31 0.00 170.15


Utilities (221) 13,066 ‐2% $104,758 57.84 1099.88 0.00 11642.83



Construction (237) 3,469 ‐47% $71,254 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93

Specialty Trade Contractors (238) ‐ ‐ $46,814 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Manufacturing (312) 1,478 85% $55,539 0.26 5.80 0.00 533.25

Textile Mills (313) 2,414 ‐43% $35,272 0.46 20.86 0.00 161.96




Manufacturing (316) 239 ‐66% $33,346 0.04 0.14 0.00 172.32




Activities (323) 2,876 ‐56% $41,839 0.02 0.51 0.00 46.25


Manufacturing (324) 1,387 35% $121,182 190.11 15193.21 0.00 (r)

Chemical Manufacturing (325) 3,823 ‐28% $68,513 0.71 26.32 0.00 365.18


Manufacturing (326) 579 ‐69% $39,090 0.18 1.55 0.00 181.21

C‐71


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011




2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Manufacturing (327) 749 ‐39% $37,847 0.21 13.23 0.00 397.60



Manufacturing (332) 3,867 ‐43% $46,326 0.21 3.28 0.00 194.31



Manufacturing (334) 2,614 ‐41% $66,664 0.07 1.31 0.00 83.64




Manufacturing (336) 1,422 ‐43% $130,388 0.17 2.00 0.00 173.75


Manufacturing (337) 2,300 ‐50% $31,116 0.04 0.19 0.00 49.04



Goods (423) 14,547 ‐25% $52,547 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 28,442 16% $49,073 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78



Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers (441) 4,504 ‐41% $41,000 0.05 0.14 525.99 20.32


Stores (442) 2,738 ‐9% $34,367 0.04 0.10 235.30 14.87


(443) 3,194 3% $71,454 0.06 0.16 424.40 22.79



(444)

3,527 52% $32,529 0.04 0.11 499.02 16.01





Stores (448) 15,293 66% $27,149 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 3,562 ‐21% $32,843 0.03 0.07 749.46 10.29



Nonstore Retailers (454) 2,412 75% $69,845 0.07 0.18 81.54 26.16

Air Transportation (481) 15,157 ‐43% $61,467 6.24 1442.02 242.23 (r)


Water Transportation (483) 923 52% $61,560 0.33 76.18 47.10 1178.16

C‐72


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011




2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Truck Transportation (484) 3,471 35% $39,954 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r)


Transportation (485) 6,148 33% $44,256 0.71 126.82 48.11 223.84



Transportation (487) 276 40% $24,806 0.09 10.64 70.35 31.75


(488) 18,132 73% $51,920 0.05 6.11 1.54 15.32

Postal Service (491) 5,016 ‐50% $60,540 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85


Warehousing and Storage (493) 1,621 ‐37% $53,850 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21


Internet) (511) 5,703 ‐46% $106,424 0.01 0.00 0.00 40.24


Industries (512) 20,626 ‐49% $133,819 0.02 0.01 86.61 37.35

Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 10,418 15% $112,889 0.12 0.17 0.00 164.67

Telecommunications (517) 4,912 ‐27% $86,878 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53

Data Processing, Hosting and Related

Services (518) 455 ‐70% $65,760 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12



(521) 319 ‐53% $86,943 0.01 0.09 0.00 21.79


Activities (522) 18,801 ‐39% $80,693 0.01 0.07 1023.90 18.26

Securities, Commodity Contracts, and

Other Financial Investments and

Related Activities (523)

11,084 29% $318,451 0.01 0.02 25.26 11.80


Activities (524) 9,348 ‐49% $98,227 0.01 0.05 27.63 14.76


Vehicles (525) 748 50% $93,742 0.00 0.00 18.57 23.97

Real Estate (531) 17,329 13% $59,912 0.05 0.22 26.11 35.08

Rental and Leasing Services (532) 4,642 ‐8% $61,612 0.01 0.05 391.34 8.13


Assets (except Copyrighted Works)

(533)

312 ‐9% $111,648 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60


Services (541) 91,582 36% $94,855 0.02 0.09 18.50 29.13


Enterprises (551) 14,935 5% $107,446 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66


(561) 56,318 2% $37,175 0.01 0.24 31.74 9.68

C‐73


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011




2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Services (562) 657 0% $41,295 0.03 42.60 9.72 485.13



(621) 36,913 43% $59,361 0.02 0.48 216.62 18.12

Hospitals (622) 50,973 14% $68,035 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53


Facilities (623) 14,667 8% $33,485 0.06 2.10 106.83 15.97





Similar Institutions (712) 3,142 53% $47,715 0.12 0.98 56.84 98.44



Accommodation (721) 14,703 ‐6% $31,775 0.15 4.01 257.52 33.11


(722) 79,791 47% $19,470 0.07 2.10 1410.42 25.28


Personal and Laundry Services (812) 14,447 25% $27,003 0.02 1.04 154.07 24.16



Organizations (813)

26,966 9% $47,548 0.03 2.36 179.23 29.70



General Government Support (921) 21,310 ‐62% $63,609 0.25 14.99 151.36 98.38


Activities (922) 62,013 37% $84,749 0.28 16.57 186.70 195.12


Programs (923) 10,126 21% $74,110 0.30 17.94 188.74 117.79



Administration of Housing Programs,

Urban Planning, and Community

Development (925)

2,031 ‐8% $72,637 0.25 14.99 143.46 98.38


Programs (926) 8,012 44% $73,687 0.18 10.52 84.66 73.33



Affairs (928) 411 ‐80% $77,895 0.26 13.36 100.12 (r)

Unclassified (999) 15,075 228% $61,838 0.10 5.51 84.87 21.77

C‐74


C‐75

C.2.6 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo






Table C.2.6: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Arroyo Verdugo

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Animal Production (112) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



(114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)




Utilities (221) 63 14% $76,902 1.50 258.59 0.00 1177.19

Construction of Buildings (236) 161 34% $36,356 0.38 0.08 0.00 107.15


Construction (237) 28 ‐41% $105,249 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93


Food Manufacturing (311) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)








Wood Product Manufacturing (321) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



Activities (323) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)




C‐76


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011








Machinery Manufacturing (333) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)





(335)

(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)







Goods (423) 53 ‐64% $75,223 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 98 137% $53,556 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Agents and Brokers (425) 38 ‐8% $91,884 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


(441) 40 ‐17% $26,471 0.05 0.14 546.40 20.32


Stores (442) 82 321% $15,653 0.04 0.10 210.58 14.87


(443) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



(444)

262 ‐29% $24,598 0.04 0.11 417.97 16.01

Food and Beverage Stores (445) 390 29% $28,502 0.07 0.19 1192.50 19.30


(446) 88 ‐9% $43,929 0.08 0.20 890.16 20.82

Gasoline Stations (447) 33 ‐34% $21,665 0.20 0.52 3345.69 53.47


Stores (448) 78 ‐8% $14,011 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 150 ‐39% $13,835 0.03 0.07 577.15 10.29

General Merchandise Stores (452) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


C‐77


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Nonstore Retailers (454) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)




Truck Transportation (484) 11 ‐7% $31,155 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r)







Transportation (488) 105 60% $87,918 0.11 12.56 0.00 13.02

Postal Service (491) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Couriers and Messengers (492) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Warehousing and Storage (493) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Internet) (511) 55 46% $35,596 0.01 0.00 0.00 31.88


Recording Industries (512) 41 ‐52% $71,661 0.02 0.01 856.05 33.00

Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Telecommunications (517) 71 ‐63% $70,928 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53



Other Information Services (519) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


(521) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (522) 192 ‐1% $52,481 0.01 0.08 1190.74 20.84




22 798% $50,501 0.01 0.02 28.76 11.80


Activities (524) 109 ‐31% $66,849 0.01 0.05 27.48 14.83


Vehicles (525) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Real Estate (531) 171 11% $50,943 0.05 0.22 32.32 35.08

Rental and Leasing Services (532) 25 ‐57% $8,332 0.01 0.06 1111.53 12.93



Works) (533)

(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Technical Services (541) 481 53% $48,638 0.02 0.11 34.02 26.36

C‐78


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Enterprises (551) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Services (561) 233 ‐44% $46,497 0.03 0.81 43.67 19.13


Remediation Services (562) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



(621) 454 16% $62,698 0.01 0.37 226.65 16.18

Hospitals (622) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Facilities (623) 64 ‐92% $17,497 0.06 2.10 71.08 15.97

Social Assistance (624) 319 305% $23,199 0.01 0.34 192.48 9.52




Similar Institutions (712) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



Accommodation (721) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


(722) 1,301 23% $16,617 0.07 2.10 2409.13 25.28

Repair and Maintenance (811) 107 ‐29% $27,194 0.02 1.57 757.97 25.92

Personal and Laundry Services

(812) 130 ‐35% $21,425 0.02 0.68 278.92 19.36



Organizations (813)

276 ‐16% $14,391 0.07 4.39 563.75 38.68

Private Households (814) 373 88% $15,532 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



(921)

(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)






Quality Programs (924) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)




(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



C‐79


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


(927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Unclassified (999) 315 119% $47,393 0.08 4.14 63.78 16.36


C‐80

C.2.7 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG






Table C.2.7: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, San Gabriel Valley COG

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) 1,174 ‐50% $26,555 0.65 31.42 0.00 116.84




(114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) 103 0% $35,548 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92

Oil and Gas Extraction (211) . ‐ ‐ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) 194 ‐40% $76,898 1.67 3.19 0.00 178.13


Utilities (221) 8,624 26% $97,428 43.56 879.98 0.00 9098.44



Construction (237) 2,987 ‐19% $92,595 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.92




Manufacturing (312) 674 ‐13% $75,057 0.68 19.08 0.00 839.20

Textile Mills (313) 456 ‐41% $25,744 0.47 18.85 0.00 185.16




Manufacturing (316) 749 4% $28,612 0.04 0.13 0.00 148.61


Paper Manufacturing (322) 2,202 ‐38% $55,020 0.68 12.19 0.00 308.18


Activities (323) 3,061 ‐39% $37,926 0.02 0.48 0.00 43.74


Manufacturing (324) 111 ‐94% $82,884 37.61 3497.19 0.00 (r)


C‐81


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Manufacturing (326) 4,172 ‐47% $37,756 0.18 1.48 0.00 176.91


Manufacturing (327) 638 ‐74% $42,629 0.27 12.73 0.00 501.93

Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) 2,392 ‐39% $45,608 0.50 25.50 0.00 615.64


Manufacturing (332) 6,977 ‐35% $47,663 0.18 2.89 0.00 186.95



Manufacturing (334) 4,199 ‐62% $68,995 0.05 0.51 0.00 80.69



(335)

2,597 ‐49% $49,624 0.05 0.34 0.00 103.39


Manufacturing (336) 3,235 15% $77,529 0.14 1.60 0.00 154.21


Manufacturing (337) 2,488 ‐56% $37,000 0.04 0.19 0.00 46.67



Goods (423) 19,822 0% $49,674 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 17,045 18% $46,402 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78




(441) 8,684 ‐11% $45,714 0.05 0.14 443.65 20.32


Stores (442) 2,043 9% $26,454 0.04 0.10 242.65 14.87


(443) 3,199 ‐3% $41,185 0.06 0.16 424.87 22.79



(444)

4,086 ‐2% $29,435 0.04 0.11 491.22 16.01



(446) 5,441 26% $36,399 0.08 0.20 766.21 20.82



Stores (448) 6,494 30% $18,695 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 3,082 1% $18,515 0.03 0.07 671.93 10.29


Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453) 3,800 ‐4% $23,917 0.04 0.10 349.08 13.60


C‐82


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Air Transportation (481) 48 56% $47,953 6.24 1442.02 249.34 (r)





Transportation (485) 3,599 51% $32,599 0.71 126.82 28.18 223.84



Transportation (487) 90 ‐ $20,031 0.11 12.56 70.35 34.62


Transportation (488) 2,359 65% $42,880 0.11 12.56 4.08 14.88

Postal Service (491) 3,288 ‐16% $60,824 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85




Internet) (511) 1,104 ‐58% $59,905 0.01 0.00 0.00 34.63






Related Services (518) 1,592 23% $84,720 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12



(521) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (522) 17,732 ‐7% $59,907 0.01 0.07 974.15 17.53




3,259 62% $117,155 0.01 0.02 26.22 11.80


Activities (524) 7,801 ‐13% $59,687 0.01 0.05 24.71 14.86


Vehicles (525) 253 ‐2% $45,252 0.00 0.00 22.05 23.97

Real Estate (531) 6,635 36% $39,195 0.05 0.22 28.27 35.08




Works) (533)

43 ‐61% $72,075 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60



C‐83


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Enterprises (551) 11,732 19% $97,871 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66


Services (561) 34,185 ‐2% $31,100 0.01 0.26 43.61 11.25





(621) 33,354 66% $53,848 0.02 0.49 202.05 18.24

Hospitals (622) 24,453 25% $62,139 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53


Facilities (623) 17,497 34% $28,425 0.06 2.10 102.14 15.97



and Related Industries (711) 2,565 ‐18% $72,610 0.01 0.03 110.51 11.30





Accommodation (721) 4,478 13% $26,274 0.15 4.00 257.97 33.25


(722) 49,582 31% $15,804 0.07 2.10 1531.73 25.28

Repair and Maintenance (811) 6,608 1% $32,964 0.02 1.07 357.61 28.02


(812) 5,507 26% $24,997 0.02 0.97 224.22 22.97



Organizations (813)

7,937 ‐17% $38,178 0.04 2.88 307.78 32.47




(921)

6,766 ‐50% $59,405 0.25 14.99 177.26 98.38


Activities (922) 1,364 3% $90,552 0.27 16.04 188.74 188.89


Programs (923) 923 ‐2% $61,945 0.33 19.29 188.74 126.61


Quality Programs (924) 1,086 ‐38% $77,967 0.20 11.64 95.24 78.28




740 ‐59% $62,920 0.25 14.99 59.25 98.38


Programs (926) 372 ‐9% $48,284 0.33 19.34 127.75 130.50

C‐84


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


(927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Unclassified (999) 17,700 185% $30,579 0.05 2.93 45.12 11.57


C‐85

C.2.8 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities






Table C.2.8: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Westside Cities

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Animal Production (112) . ‐ ‐ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



(114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) 87 607% $43,444 0.04 0.61 0.00 74.23




Utilities (221) 527 2% $77,508 19.80 571.19 0.00 6311.56

Construction of Buildings (236) 1,341 ‐19% $70,408 0.37 0.08 0.00 103.89


Construction (237) 343 4% $94,480 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93


Food Manufacturing (311) 261 ‐77% $25,760 0.13 3.30 137.55 206.98



Textile Mills (313) 36 ‐65% $34,575 0.49 20.20 0.00 176.23








Activities (323) 369 ‐25% $46,328 0.02 0.42 0.00 39.51



Chemical Manufacturing (325) 260 47% $198,491 1.27 33.21 0.00 499.31

C‐86


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Manufacturing (326) 35 ‐71% $52,515 0.13 0.83 0.00 138.00


Manufacturing (327) 49 13% $48,412 0.11 4.01 0.00 769.77



Manufacturing (332) 127 ‐32% $41,306 0.17 2.80 0.00 169.74



Manufacturing (334) 531 ‐63% $116,747 0.05 0.29 0.00 121.02



(335)

135 ‐57% $44,189 0.03 0.20 0.00 70.67


Manufacturing (336) 108 ‐13% $74,791 0.10 1.10 0.00 124.71


Manufacturing (337) 178 ‐53% $30,341 0.03 0.12 0.00 38.17

Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339) 574 ‐60% $55,143 0.08 2.34 0.00 95.04


Goods (423) 3,100 ‐19% $88,981 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 2,827 48% $60,600 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78




(441) 2,382 ‐10% $61,006 0.05 0.14 413.58 20.32


Stores (442) 1,230 16% $35,287 0.04 0.10 231.25 14.87


(443) 1,927 93% $64,888 0.06 0.16 423.67 22.79



(444)

859 23% $47,977 0.04 0.11 567.14 16.01



(446) 1,785 17% $42,044 0.08 0.20 700.95 20.82

Gasoline Stations (447) 290 ‐31% $19,620 0.17 0.44 2843.76 52.15


Stores (448) 5,592 24% $35,461 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 1,051 ‐35% $25,132 0.03 0.07 650.38 10.29



C‐87


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Nonstore Retailers (454) 462 8% $73,695 0.07 0.18 10.70 26.16

Air Transportation (481) 733 ‐43% $82,640 6.24 1442.02 243.37 (r)





Transportation (485) 1,291 71% $55,370 0.71 126.82 54.24 223.84



Transportation (487) 65 ‐45% $25,484 0.01 0.92 70.35 17.23


Transportation (488) 228 19% $52,607 0.10 11.65 8.17 16.96

Postal Service (491) 650 ‐6% $62,249 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85

Couriers and Messengers (492) 399 ‐17% $41,915 0.93 210.86 420.70 (r)

Warehousing and Storage (493) 39 32% $37,885 0.05 3.89 0.00 47.21


Internet) (511) 1,910 2% $164,060 0.01 0.00 0.00 38.63



Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 1,065 407% $131,506 0.08 0.11 0.00 115.53



Related Services (518) 421 18% $119,964 0.02 0.01 0.00 59.12



(521) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (522) 2,871 ‐18% $95,218 0.01 0.07 781.76 15.59




2,950 14% $199,004 0.01 0.02 25.31 11.80


Activities (524) 1,183 ‐41% $94,823 0.01 0.05 27.98 14.70


Vehicles (525) 127 193% $139,427 0.00 0.00 4.24 23.97

Real Estate (531) 6,075 14% $69,364 0.05 0.22 22.68 35.08

Rental and Leasing Services (532) 999 10% $43,385 0.00 0.04 408.42 6.96



Works) (533)

103 ‐57% $112,643 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60



C‐88


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Enterprises (551) 1,826 ‐3% $118,975 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66


Services (561) 12,552 ‐19% $41,442 0.01 0.26 30.97 10.44


Remediation Services (562) 47 63% $50,366 0.03 42.60 0.00 485.13



(621) 11,706 31% $67,055 0.02 0.40 218.83 16.81

Hospitals (622) 14,903 ‐6% $99,793 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53


Facilities (623) 2,986 59% $31,581 0.06 2.10 107.43 15.97





Similar Institutions (712) 168 ‐75% $58,802 0.12 0.98 211.44 98.44


Recreation Industries (713) 1,457 ‐14% $22,822 0.02 0.26 386.42 27.06

Accommodation (721) 8,899 23% $36,020 0.15 4.01 257.16 33.16


(722) 22,586 32% $21,866 0.07 2.10 1018.83 25.28

Repair and Maintenance (811) 1,679 1% $30,884 0.02 1.32 578.68 27.14


(812) 5,255 14% $31,942 0.02 0.79 186.11 22.13



Organizations (813)

2,473 9% $54,008 0.05 3.37 325.56 34.42




(921)

2,555 ‐26% $73,313 0.25 14.99 183.63 98.38


Activities (922) 1,643 23% $105,857 0.29 17.25 188.74 203.20


Programs (923) 238 ‐53% $75,121 0.06 2.93 188.74 26.04






(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Programs (926) 330 4% $64,725 0.29 17.26 58.93 114.88

C‐89


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


(927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Unclassified (999) 2,987 341% $101,311 0.13 7.27 111.99 28.73


C‐90

C.2.9 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG






Table C.2.9: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, South Bay Cities COG

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) 542 ‐14% $27,582 0.64 31.77 0.00 113.98




(114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) 50 1575% $52,381 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92

Oil and Gas Extraction (211) 1,162 3159% $130,511 4.35 543.67 0.00 651.47



Utilities (221) 775 ‐30% $88,990 28.67 699.69 0.00 7250.34



Construction (237) 1,075 1% $73,062 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.92




Manufacturing (312) 303 314% $62,741 0.28 6.45 0.00 597.74

Textile Mills (313) 420 ‐67% $43,838 0.38 16.66 0.00 139.25




Manufacturing (316) 85 ‐37% $32,663 0.02 0.07 0.00 103.53




Activities (323) 1,585 ‐58% $47,551 0.02 0.51 0.00 46.48


Manufacturing (324) 1,350 32% $119,704 197.52 15778.67 0.00 (r)


C‐91


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Manufacturing (326) 1,182 ‐29% $44,114 0.17 1.24 0.00 174.75


Manufacturing (327) 306 ‐49% $41,037 0.48 37.80 0.00 479.52



Manufacturing (332) 6,130 ‐7% $57,012 0.15 2.18 0.00 160.10



Manufacturing (334) 19,594 ‐41% $108,020 0.08 1.07 0.00 90.39



(335)

1,148 ‐33% $56,854 0.07 0.43 0.00 119.88


Manufacturing (336) 18,118 23% $94,621 0.11 1.15 0.00 115.48


Manufacturing (337) 1,299 ‐49% $40,152 0.06 0.36 0.00 75.09



Goods (423) 10,400 ‐26% $78,670 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 6,790 21% $48,231 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78




(441) 4,016 ‐9% $47,515 0.05 0.14 446.61 20.32


Stores (442) 1,943 34% $33,512 0.04 0.10 243.80 14.87


(443) 1,948 ‐23% $62,840 0.06 0.16 424.92 22.79



(444)

2,462 40% $31,811 0.04 0.11 482.47 16.01



(446) 2,427 4% $37,777 0.08 0.20 792.92 20.82

Gasoline Stations (447) 1,458 6% $70,691 0.19 0.50 3220.67 53.14


Stores (448) 4,604 34% $17,848 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 2,632 19% $18,090 0.03 0.07 538.30 10.29

General Merchandise Stores (452) 7,126 ‐13% $22,545 0.04 0.10 620.01 14.09


C‐92


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Nonstore Retailers (454) 1,486 ‐9% $55,765 0.07 0.18 41.73 26.16

Air Transportation (481) 622 ‐29% $61,549 6.24 1442.02 243.75 (r)



Truck Transportation (484) 3,137 3% $43,029 1.50 343.18 0.00 (r)


Transportation (485) 2,360 22% $43,695 0.71 126.82 36.60 223.84

Pipeline Transportation (486) 86 311% $83,353 2.75 136.52 0.00 3695.44


Transportation (487) 175 ‐5% $44,833 0.09 11.14 70.35 32.49


Transportation (488) 6,329 ‐6% $49,892 0.11 12.49 0.95 13.47

Postal Service (491) 1,914 ‐35% $60,563 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85




Internet) (511) 1,229 ‐55% $84,022 0.01 0.00 0.00 48.36


Recording Industries (512) 766 9% $68,651 0.02 0.01 518.50 37.43

Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 148 ‐88% $85,317 0.08 0.11 0.00 112.71

Telecommunications (517) 5,919 91% $102,167 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53



Other Information Services (519) 740 68% $67,611 0.02 0.01 294.60 32.64


(521) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (522) 6,517 3% $73,616 0.01 0.07 996.20 16.62




1,329 63% $109,119 0.01 0.02 21.37 11.80


Activities (524) 2,337 ‐61% $76,898 0.01 0.07 29.50 14.04


Vehicles (525) 128 97% $93,658 0.00 0.00 19.87 23.97

Real Estate (531) 4,432 15% $54,205 0.05 0.22 28.44 35.08




Works) (533)

66 ‐48% $62,735 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60



C‐93


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Enterprises (551) 7,498 ‐20% $95,140 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66


Services (561) 22,662 ‐12% $31,776 0.01 0.27 40.81 9.54


Remediation Services (562) 303 ‐66% $43,629 0.03 42.60 5.21 485.13



(621) 15,709 35% $53,048 0.02 0.52 202.74 18.88

Hospitals (622) 10,000 9% $55,631 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53


Facilities (623) 5,872 17% $28,568 0.06 2.10 107.91 15.97



and Related Industries (711) 1,446 ‐22% $154,743 0.01 0.03 100.63 11.88


Similar Institutions (712) 54 ‐ $118,825 0.12 0.98 349.59 98.44


Recreation Industries (713) 4,695 ‐3% $22,117 0.02 0.28 446.72 29.39

Accommodation (721) 2,884 0% $24,006 0.15 4.00 258.69 33.17


(722) 28,212 32% $17,146 0.07 2.10 1572.51 25.28



(812) 4,390 41% $22,904 0.02 1.02 218.71 22.87



Organizations (813)

2,447 ‐35% $30,229 0.04 2.68 245.97 31.66




(921)

2,574 ‐59% $68,383 0.25 14.99 172.04 98.38


Activities (922) 1,328 ‐25% $91,516 0.45 26.38 188.74 310.66


Programs (923) 329 10% $54,124 0.34 19.99 188.74 131.18






(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Programs (926) 1,543 64% $106,454 0.08 3.89 188.74 34.57

C‐94


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


(927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Unclassified (999) 7,298 195% $46,349 0.05 2.89 44.54 11.42


C‐95

C.2.10 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG






Table C.2.10: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Gateway Cities COG

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) 395 ‐54% $25,272 0.52 65.46 0.00 181.81

Animal Production (112) 54 ‐6% $36,961 0.17 60.18 0.00 (r)



(114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) 299 153% $24,829 0.03 0.37 0.00 74.00


Mining (except Oil and Gas) (212) . ‐ ‐ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Utilities (221) 3,552 ‐13% $80,709 32.79 762.87 0.00 8,163.52



Construction (237) 3,525 6% $75,834 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93




Manufacturing (312) 1,644 148% $50,794 0.28 6.39 0.00 591.72

Textile Mills (313) 3,349 ‐28% $27,944 0.45 19.58 0.00 166.76

Textile Product Mills (314) 1,658 ‐67% $36,702 0.17 2.98 0.00 116.56



Manufacturing (316) 788 ‐40% $31,980 0.03 0.13 0.00 158.09

Wood Product Manufacturing

(321) 1,059 ‐41% $33,786 0.06 0.29 0.00 77.09

Paper Manufacturing (322) 3,728 ‐45% $56,980 0.53 12.55 0.00 319.82


Activities (323) 4,065 ‐53% $37,419 0.02 0.50 0.00 45.44


Manufacturing (324) 1,212 ‐53% $88,005 75.31 6088.93 0.00 (r)

C‐96


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011



Manufacturing (326) 5,202 ‐43% $45,386 0.19 1.62 0.00 197.82


Manufacturing (327) 1,648 ‐47% $45,771 0.55 32.82 0.00 587.20

Primary Metal Manufacturing (331) 3,484 ‐31% $57,861 0.32 19.39 0.00 543.09


Manufacturing (332) 13,517 ‐28% $48,615 0.23 3.76 0.00 188.19



Manufacturing (334) 1,436 ‐71% $54,733 0.05 1.09 0.00 91.07



(335)

2,100 ‐23% $50,719 0.08 0.52 0.00 120.73


Manufacturing (336) 11,969 ‐70% $86,321 0.12 1.30 0.00 146.93


Manufacturing (337) 5,489 ‐52% $34,872 0.04 0.21 0.00 54.22



Goods (423) 30,282 ‐14% $58,928 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78

Merchant Wholesalers,

Nondurable Goods (424) 26,138 ‐17% $50,963 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78




(441) 8,132 ‐18% $45,386 0.05 0.14 453.57 20.32


Stores (442) 1,793 ‐4% $32,715 0.04 0.10 255.20 14.87


(443) 2,388 23% $37,301 0.06 0.16 424.20 22.79



(444)

4,435 31% $32,455 0.04 0.11 480.07 16.01

Food and Beverage Stores (445) 16,170 ‐11% $27,740 0.07 0.19 1,554.59 19.30


(446) 5,077 15% $35,643 0.08 0.20 789.87 20.82

Gasoline Stations (447) 1,672 ‐41% $24,395 0.17 0.46 2,951.18 52.44


Stores (448) 10,729 80% $17,964 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 3,053 ‐5% $18,957 0.03 0.07 833.33 10.29


C‐97


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011



Air Transportation (481) 250 0% $68,219 6.24 1442.02 253.02 (r)


Water Transportation (483) 412 ‐67% $54,715 0.33 76.18 31.49 1178.16



Transportation (485) 3,426 ‐6% $33,887 0.71 126.82 24.44 223.84



Transportation (487) 139 8% $30,866 0.04 4.92 70.35 23.20


Transportation (488) 12,519 25% $68,588 0.10 12.36 1.12 13.58

Postal Service (491) 3,694 ‐27% $58,648 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85




Internet) (511) 747 ‐53% $40,326 0.01 0.00 0.00 34.91



Broadcasting (except Internet) (515) 344 ‐16% $49,084 0.06 0.08 0.00 91.93






(521) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (522) 7,470 ‐8% $42,030 0.01 0.07 864.12 17.00




821 ‐82% $90,281 0.01 0.02 24.71 11.80


Activities (524) 5,040 5% $62,257 0.01 0.05 28.71 14.95


Vehicles (525) 105 14% $54,455 0.00 0.00 26.42 23.97

Real Estate (531) 6,043 14% $44,991 0.05 0.22 27.86 35.08

Rental and Leasing Services (532) 2,893 ‐28% $48,821 0.01 0.05 310.23 8.15



Works) (533)

(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

C‐98


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011




Enterprises (551) 11,292 21% $72,471 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66


Services (561) 48,577 1% $24,369 0.01 0.15 29.78 8.54





(621) 29,380 25% $52,492 0.02 0.45 211.18 17.50

Hospitals (622) 24,066 ‐10% $59,389 0.08 0.49 126.54 49.53


Facilities (623) 12,540 63% $27,340 0.06 2.10 111.84 15.97








Accommodation (721) 4,506 ‐26% $24,758 0.15 4.01 271.71 33.16


(722) 45,757 30% $16,340 0.07 2.10 1780.85 25.28



(812) 7,666 ‐2% $24,991 0.02 1.22 179.23 25.21



Organizations (813)

4,543 ‐33% $33,343 0.05 3.17 347.76 33.66




(921)

6,975 ‐39% $51,933 0.25 14.99 174.61 98.38


Activities (922) 4,117 7% $87,203 0.38 22.41 166.07 263.92

Administration of Human

Resource Programs (923) 1,358 3% $66,289 0.30 17.52 188.74 115.03


Quality Programs (924) 814 42% $52,751 0.16 9.35 119.81 64.55




(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

C‐99


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011



GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Programs (926) 722 4% $49,200 0.12 6.36 86.25 49.14


(927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Affairs (928) 3,040 165% $86,465 0.11 5.43 23.12 (r)

Unclassified (999) 15,995 119% $25,902 0.03 1.79 27.60 7.08


C‐100

C.2.11 Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG






Table C.2.11: Economic and Environmental Ranking Data, Las Virgenes Malibu COG

Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011

Crop Production (111) 502 ‐1% $27,630 0.64 29.54 0.00 110.86




(114) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


and Forestry (115) 46 109% $24,409 0.02 0.29 0.00 73.92




Utilities (221) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Construction of Buildings (236) 704 ‐18% $46,804 0.38 0.08 0.00 105.22


Construction (237) 151 32% $80,033 0.33 0.07 0.00 69.93

Specialty Trade Contractors (238) $40,511 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Food Manufacturing (311) 554 8% $35,141 0.11 3.02 33.89 120.61





Apparel Manufacturing (315) 77 61% $75,598 0.02 0.08 0.00 48.53






Activities (323) 95 ‐55% $58,355 0.02 0.52 0.00 47.09




C‐101


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011








Machinery Manufacturing (333) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Manufacturing (334) 1,045 ‐70% $150,574 0.07 0.52 0.00 151.45



(335)

(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)




Manufacturing (337) 179 11% $70,185 0.08 0.51 0.00 90.79



Goods (423) 829 ‐10% $88,770 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Goods (424) 561 ‐1% $76,852 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


Agents and Brokers (425) 239 41% $87,219 0.03 0.11 0.00 30.78


(441) 474 127% $66,770 0.05 0.14 404.78 20.32


Stores (442) 152 136% $31,602 0.04 0.10 258.87 14.87


(443) 189 34% $42,001 0.06 0.16 410.92 22.79



(444)

191 ‐39% $33,938 0.04 0.11 465.32 16.01

Food and Beverage Stores (445) 869 75% $29,854 0.07 0.19 1188.59 19.30


(446) 325 66% $40,495 0.08 0.20 691.02 20.82

Gasoline Stations (447) 301 50% $28,846 0.19 0.50 3190.69 53.07


Stores (448) 458 229% $30,940 0.03 0.09 405.76 13.07


Music Stores (451) 151 ‐34% $27,203 0.03 0.07 901.68 10.29

General Merchandise Stores (452) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Nonstore Retailers (454) 70 ‐54% $86,310 0.07 0.18 13.22 26.16

C‐102


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011






Transportation (485) 104 646% $20,682 0.71 126.82 3.97 223.84





Transportation (488) 85 11% $65,000 0.11 12.56 7.03 16.22

Postal Service (491) 108 ‐28% $57,985 0.02 2.38 439.02 13.85

Couriers and Messengers (492) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Warehousing and Storage (493) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Internet) (511) 844 26% $93,858 0.01 0.00 0.00 37.32


Recording Industries (512) 539 81% $87,305 0.02 0.01 512.61 44.73


Telecommunications (517) 643 180% $83,120 0.14 0.20 0.00 51.53





(521) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Activities (522) 2,631 5% $112,009 0.01 0.06 688.22 14.75




319 190% $131,036 0.01 0.02 28.05 11.80


Activities (524) 1,742 ‐16% $89,510 0.01 0.07 25.35 14.05


Vehicles (525) 24 788% $63,017 0.00 0.00 7.46 23.97

Real Estate (531) 1,064 46% $55,139 0.05 0.22 24.42 35.08

Rental and Leasing Services (532) 124 ‐20% $42,189 0.00 0.05 358.42 7.57



Works) (533)

34 78% $123,817 0.67 6.88 0.00 296.60



C‐103


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


Enterprises (551) 532 ‐36% $145,253 0.04 0.00 0.00 25.66


Services (561) 3,506 23% $49,002 0.01 0.21 31.43 11.48


Remediation Services (562) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



(621) 1,042 17% $67,533 0.02 0.54 246.17 19.32

Hospitals (622) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Facilities (623) 451 459% $35,597 0.06 2.10 100.97 15.97

Social Assistance (624) 388 ‐2% $29,024 0.01 0.47 124.91 9.70




Similar Institutions (712) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



Accommodation (721) 536 132% $25,408 0.14 3.80 246.91 35.27


(722) 5,013 17% $26,034 0.07 2.10 1019.20 25.28

Repair and Maintenance (811) 138 23% $32,300 0.02 1.19 550.20 26.54


(812) 459 52% $19,817 0.02 0.79 280.35 21.11



Organizations (813)

356 28% $39,058 0.03 2.38 208.57 30.87

Private Households (814) 428 28% $22,421 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



(921)

378 131% $44,203 0.25 14.99 188.74 98.38










(s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)



C‐104


Industry Title

& 4‐Digit Coding


Chan

ge in Employment

1996‐2011

Average Wage 2011


2011



2011

Average gallons of


trips 2011

GHG2011 L

ife cycle metric


emissions in 2011


(927) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)


Affairs (928) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Unclassified (999) 1,273 165% $75,194 0.08 4.62 71.25 18.28


industry greenhouse gas and wage sustainability

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