IndustrializationObjective: Industrialization had social, political, and economic effects on Western Europe and the World.

Understanding Industrialization Did you ever try to make something by hand? Maybe you have made a batch of cookies instead of buying

them at the store. Or maybe you have given someone a handmade greeting card,

even though it would have been easier to buy one. Think of the advantages and disadvantages of making

something by hand versus buying something that is manufactured and sold in a store.

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UNDERSTANDING INDUSTRIALIZATION

Click icon to add picture-Consider an item that is

carefully made by a skilled crafts

worker using simple hand tools

in a home workshop.

-The result is a one-of-a-kind

product.

-Making something by hand can

be difficult and time-consuming,

however, and these two factors

make the product expensive.

Understanding Industrialization Goods manufactured in a factory are made quickly.

They are uniform; that is, all the products are identical.

Instead of making an item from start to finish, individual workers perform separate tasks in its production.

This is called specialization.

On an assembly line, a product moves from station to station as workers at each station perform a different task to help complete the product.

The resulting manufactured goods are inexpensive to produce when compared to handmade goods.

During the Industrial Revolution, goods began to be produced in factories by unskilled or semiskilled workers.

Assembly Line

The Industrial Revolution Begins The Industrial Revolution was a period of technological

advancement and social change that dramatically altered the way in which people lived and worked.

It began in England during the mid-1700s with the introduction of new technology to the textile industry.

A textile is a woven material, or cloth.

Conditions that Aided the Industrial Revolution

A number of social, political, and economic factors created the ideal conditions for industrialization.

In England, these factors were 1) a growing and shifting population, 2) an abundance of natural resources, 3) a stable government, and 4) a large supply of capital (money for investment).

Growing Population During the 18th century, agricultural advancements in

Europe led to a food surplus (more than enough food).

Because food was plentiful, the population grew. At the same time, advances in medicine led to a

declining death rate. This also contributed to population growth. The increase in population created an increased

demand for manufactured goods.

Population Shift In addition to population growth, England experienced

a population shift as more people began to move from the countryside to cities.

This rise in rural-to-urban migration was a result of the enclosure movement.

Enclosure took place when landed aristocrats enclosed, or fenced in, common land that peasants had formerly used for farming and livestock.

This made it more difficult for peasants to make their living.

Enclosure Movement

Population Shift Enclosure became widely used in the Netherlands during

the 1600s. During the 1700s, the practice became common in

England. Enclosure resulted in more organized and more

productive farming, but the loss of land forced many peasants to migrate to towns and cities in search of work.

These displaced farmers eventually provided a source of labor for manufacturing and mining.

Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities

Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities

Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities

Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities

Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities

Urbanization-Growth of Industrial Cities

ABUNDANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Click icon to add picture-An abundance of natural

resources also contributed

industrialization in England.

-England had large supplies of

coal and iron ore.

-Engines and factory machines

were forged from iron.

-Coal was used to fuel steam

engines, the source of power

for the new factories.

Stable Government

In addition to the abundance of resources, England had a stable government.

Since it had not had a revolution since 1688, people felt secure doing business there.

Large Supply of Capital

England’s trade and the income it derived from its colonial empire gave it a strong economy.

Many English people had enough money to invest in new factories and businesses.

Since they felt financially secure, they were often willing to try new ideas.