PowerPoint Presentation

Industrialization and LaborNick Barber, Matt Baumgardner, Kyle Purchase

1790-1860

People Eli WhitneyCyrus McCormickJohn DeereSamuel F.B. MorseSamuel Slater

WhitneyMorseInventions 1790 Samuel Slater brings first factory to Americac through memory. Creates Textile Industry In U.S. and begins Industrial Revolution1793 Eli Whitney Invents the Cotton Gin. Increased profit from southern industries and revives slavery. 1798 Eli Whitney introduces Interchangeable Parts. Products are made quicker and fixed more easily.1808 Robert Fulton invents the Steamboat. Trade on rivers is easier especially against a tide. Transportation of goods improved.1825 Erie Canal Opens. Made the country more interdependent. Raw materials of the west were easily transported to factories in the east.1830 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad opens. Connects 13 states. First railroad in U.S.1834 Cyrus McCormick Invents the Reaper. Increased productivity on farms.1837 John Deere Invents Steel Tipped Plow. Allowed for better farming in the west and cultivating the thick earth.1844- Saumel Morse Invents Telegraph. Spread business across the whole country.1846 Elias Howe Invents the Sewing Machine. Not the first, but the most efficient for industries.1859 Edwin L. Drake Drills first Oil Well. Started the oil industry by inventing his drill

PracticesSlavery The basis of American labor in the south. Slavery was given new life after the invention of the Cotton Gin but couldnt compare to the amount of production that factories were capable ofIndentured Servants Criminals and vagabonds were contracted into indentured servitude for a set number of years liable to change. There were two benefits to this system. One was to provide labor for their master and the other was to prepare them for a life when their contract was finished. Some Servants could be have their contract extended due to infractions and behvior

BusinessJoint-Stock Companies and Jamestown (1607) Our country was arguably built on the joint-stock companies of England. The first sent over to America failed, but its the business that carried over as well. Buyers would pool their money for a large total with hopes of producing even larger profits.Lowell, MA (1830s) The seemingly pleasant textile factory lured women in from across the country and they ultimately suffered through terrible and unhealthy working conditions. The production was unmatched, but it was also one of the first times workers looked for better conditions.

Supreme Court CasesDartmouth V. Woodward Contracts and Charters cannot be altered unless it is stated in the contract regardless of its origins.Charles River Bridge V. Warren River Bridge No one company can hold exclusive rights to an area. Basically, no monopolies.1860-1920Kyle Purchase

IndustrializationRailroads Became a major use to transport materials and soldiers during and after the Civil War.Telephone Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, the telephone was the first major invention to be able to call someone from a long distance.Electric lights Edisons most famous invention, the light bulb was the first step to household electricity and modern citiesTrusts Headed by Carnegie, Rockefeller and Ford, these organizations become battleground pitting workers and progressives against CEOs and conservativesBrooklyn Bridge Became an American icon and also a change in architecture. Skyscraper Also an change in architecture, they was the first to use steel girders. (Home Life Insurance Building)Sherman Anti-Trust Act Federal government is allowed to pursue any company suspected of violating trusts. Limited monopolies and cartels.Pullman Car Became the 1st luxury car that passengers could dine in.Wright Brothers Achieved their fist flight in Kitty Hawk in 1903 and marked a significant event in the aviation industry. The Jungle/Progressives The Jungle showed the horrors of Chicago meat packing, while Ida Tarbell and other muckrakers exploited corruption in cities and companies. Panama Canal Connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, which made it easier for ships to attend to emergencies such as surprise attacks or war. Labor (Movements/Groups)Pinkertons Were hired by businessmen to keep strikers out of factories and intimidate workers.Knights of Labor - Knights promoted better working conditions and demanded the eight-hour work day.AFL (American Federation of Labor) Successful at raising wages and causing strikes, formed by skilled craftsmen (carpenters).Yellow dog contract - Agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition of employment, not to be a member of a labor union. Wobblies/Socialists Advocate rights of workers and demand immediate changeSupreme Court CasesMunn v. Illinois (1877) The Munn case allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation. Lochner v. New York (1905) - Held a "liberty of contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

1920-Present Day

InventionsCommercial production of radio, TV, mass media technology explodesComputer chip revolutionizes industry, daily lives Cotton picker further mechanizes farmingHoover Dam, Empire State building revolutionize construction

Major Changes In IndustryNation mobilizes for World War Two; Ford and others produce record levels of armsIndustry reaches its peak in the 1950s, slowly declines thereafter American industry begins to outsourceUse of the trust, declines; multi-national corporations rise

LaborAfrican-Americans and women move into the workforceFair Labor Standards Act of 1938, National Labor Relations Board EstablishedAFL-CIO OrganizedUnion membership reaches its peak in 1950s, declines up until present day

Trends Through HistoryLabor evolves into multiethnic, cooperative effort between employer and employee, person and machineIndustry takes America from a a yeoman farmers frontier land to the top economic superpower in the worldAmerican ingenuity creates the modern world, thanks to men like Ford, Whitney, Mellon, Carnegie, and Rockefeller