Industrial Uses of Industrial Uses of EnzymesEnzymesWashing powdersWashing powders

food manufacturefood manufacture

Drink manufactureDrink manufacture

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are _______ found in living cells which act as biological _______ . Enzymes have a specific _______

which means they can only work on ____reaction each. Enzymes work best at a particular temperature called the _______ temperature. Above this temperature the enzymes are ________(or denatured). This is because their ________ is changed. Enzymes also work best at an optimum ______.

pH

one

proteins

optimum destroyed

catalysts

shape

shape

FermentationFermentation Yeast (a micro-organism) contains enzymes

which change sugar into ethanol (alcohol).A second product of the reaction is carbon dioxide.

Uses of fermentation include:

•Brewing

•Making wine

•Bread making

Fermentation is a chemical reaction.

Glucose (sugar) Ethanol(alcohol) + carbon dioxide

yeast

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

CheeseCheese Milk is heated to 70 C for 30 minutes to kill harmful bacteria. This is called

pasteurisation. After cooling to 30 C useful bacteria are added. These bacteria produce an enzyme which changes lactose into lactic acid. This makes the milk turn sour. Rennet is added which contains the enzyme rennin. This makes the milk

curdle. The lumps are called curds and these are the basis for cheese. Other bacteria or fungi are added to ripen the cheese. This gives each

type of cheese its characteristic smell and flavour.

Washing PowdersWashing Powders

Enzymes in the washing powders are used to digest some stains.

Proteases would remove protein stains such as blood. Lipases would remove fat stains and

cellulases remove loose bobbles