Industrial Revolution

Riddle:

•What does a Power Loom and a Ferrari have in common?

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

• What was the industrial revolution?– Machines coordinated to make

goods– Energy from non-animal

sources– Industry grew 4 times faster

• Changed all aspects of society– Most profound effect since

agriculture– Government change

• Political and military balance• Europe as dominant power

– Transformed social classes– Higher standard of living for

most

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Origins

• Agricultural revolution– Horse and steel plow– Fertilizer use– Yields improved 300% 1700-1850

• Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods– Foreign colonies– Increase in ships and size

• Successful wars and foreign conquest

Origins – Why England?• Factors in England

– No civil strife– Government favored

trade– Laissez faire: Hands Off

Government– Large middle class– Island geography– Mobile population – Everyone lived within 20

miles of navigable river– Tradition of experimental

science– Weak guilds

Manufacturing• Textiles

– 4-5 spinners per weaver

Flying Shuttle

Manufacturing Textiles• Cotton gave stronger fibers• Invention of Spinning Jenny

– Demand for skilled weavers

• Mechanical looms (flying shuttle)• Jacquard looms

Richard Arkwright – 1771

• Invents the spinning water frame

• Constructs the first spinning factory– Realized that several machines could be

linked to create a factory – Needed water power to turn the machines

(water wheel expert)– Needed gears (watchmaker)

The creation of the first spinning factory was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution

Edmund Cartwright–1787

• Power loom factory

Manufacturing Textiles• Jacquard looms

Manufacturing Negatives

• Poor working conditions

• Children supplied labor

• Luddites– Handicraftsmen replaced

by machine– Organized to stop

industrialization

Energy and Transportation

• Animal power and plant burning• Water emerged as energy source• Iron industry energy crisis

– Lack of wood– Coal discovered– Steam pumps for mines

• Steam engines• Railroads

Technology

• The Industrial Revolution was built on rapid advances in technology– Travel and Communication

Steamboat

• Created By: Robert Fulton

• Define: A boat that was powered by steam which was used for transporting goods

• Significance: First ship that could travel under its own power

Steam Engines (Trains)

• Created by: Peter Cooper

• Significance: Reduced travel time, linked major cities, sped the pace of life

The Telegraph and Morse Code• Perfected By: Samuel B. Morse

• Telegraph: A device that could send information across wires and great distances

• Morse Code: Different combinations of dots and dashes that represent each letter of the alphabet

• Significance: The first device that can send messages electronically

Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts

• Eli Whitney: Southern American Inventor

• Cotton Gin: A machine that could separate seeds from cotton

• Interchangeable Parts: Parts that can be used on multiple machines

Industrial Revolution

• 1. Name one benefit

• 2. Name one negative

• 3. What are interchangeable parts

• 4. What did the Industrial Revolution create for people for living?