industrial revolution major inventions of the 18-19 th centuries
TRANSCRIPT
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Industrial Revolution
Major Inventions
of the 18-19th centuries
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Spinning Jenny
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Spinning Jenny
Invented by: James Hargreaves
Description: Allowed more thread to be produced by spinners
Impact:
Spinning process FASTER
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Water-powered loom
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Water-powered loom
Developed by: Edmund Cartwright
Impact:
Weavers could keep pace with the surplus of yarn produced by new
spinning machines
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Steam engine
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Steam engine
Improved by: James Watt
Description: Made changes that enabled engine to drive factory machinery
Impact:
Railroad industry booms; Factories can be built AWAY from WATER
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Railroad
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Railroad
Description:
A steam locomotive that ran on rails
Impact:
Helped lay foundations for larger markets (Transportation) and opened up new
forms of investment
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Paddle-wheel Steamboat
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Paddle-wheel Steamboat
Built by:
Robert Fulton
Impact:
Transportation along canals, rivers, and lakes made easier
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Industrial Societies
What makes an industrial society?
Do the benefits ofindustrialization justify the costs?
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The Second Industrial Revolution
1870-1914
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New Industrial Frontiers
• Steel, Chemicals, Electricity
• 1870-1914: Steel replaced iron
• Steel: Lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines, railroads, etc.
• Electricity: Convertible into heat, light, motion
• New transportation: ocean liners, airplanes, automobiles
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2 New Economic Zones
• Industrial – Makes Stuff
• Agricultural – Grows Stuff
Go to the map on p. 617
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Attempts at Reform
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LABOR UNIONS
• Formed by laborers to work for change• Unions negotiate for better pay, conditions with
employers• 1st Legal Strikes in GB in 1870s• Union goals
– higher wages– shorter hours– improved conditions
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Universal Education
• Causes– 2nd Ind Rev needed skilled workers– To better educate voters– To build Patriotism
• Effects– Need more Teacher, so more Colleges– Increased Literacy, so more Newspapers
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Socialism Ideology• Equality of all people
• Upset with elites (bankers, industrialists,etc)
• Replace competition w/ cooperation
• Early socialists: “Utopians”
• Ultimate goal: classless society
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Marxist SocialismA system in which society,
usually in the form of the government, owns and controls
the means of production
(nat. resources, factories, etc.)
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Karl Marx:
“World history… is the history
of class struggles.”
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Marx’s Theory
• Industrialized societies split into two great classes
• Oppressors vs. Oppressed
• Struggle leads to violent revolution
• Dictatorship: gov. in which a person or group has absolute power
• Final Revolution Classless society
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Key Terms
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Bourgeoisie
The Middle Class
French origin;Sometimes negative
connotation—Ambition, greed
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Proletariat
The Working class;
From Marx’s theory
(i.e. Russian Revolution)
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Industrial Capitalism
Economic system based on industrial production
Produced middle class; people who built factories, bought machines, studied markets