Industrial Revolution

• Definition: greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 18th century.

• Textile: A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric.

• Began in England, spread to western world

Agricultural Beginnings• Large enclosures forced

new technology and did what to peasants?

• Jethro Tull and Seed Drill• Crop Rotation / Breeding led

to more available food/resources. Leads to…?

New Technologies Spur Innovation

• Watt and steam engine led to canals, shipping, etc.

• Coal as a power source• Smelting and Darby fam

ily.

Britain • Advantages of

Britain– Large population

(pop. Increase)– Nat.

Resources=coal, iron, H2O, rivers, harbors

• Factors of Production– Land, Labor,

Capital

Questions

• In what ways did geographical features assist industrial progress in England?

• In what ways did humans change their environment for industrial progress?

• Which natural characteristics were most important for the industrial revolution?

19.3 Social Impacts of Revolution

Impact on society…• Population boom:– (1750) European pop: 140

million– (1850) European pop: 266

million• Urbanization…growth of

cities– (1800) London: 1 million– (1850) London:2.5 million

Living

• Government non-interaction

• Garbage, police, crowding, tenements.

• Life span, medical problems.

• Unions impossible, Luddites popular.

Effects of Industrialization• Negative: Urbanization created new problems– Over crowding, unsanitary, unsafe, lack of hospitals,

fire and police departments– Dangerous working conditions, low pay– Women and children join the workforce– Formation of labor unions/socialism (illegal at first)

• Positive (long term)– Horizons widened, opportunities increase– Eventually legislation to protect workers

New Classes Emerge• Industrial middle class– Entrepreneurs and skilled artisans– Women able to stay home and children get an

education– Pleasant neighborhoods

• Industrial working class– Women and children sent to work– Lived in slums and new tenements• No running water or sanitation system led to the spread

of disease