industrial project report alum (ferric and non ferric)
DESCRIPTION
Alum, ferric (aluminium sulfate) is produced by the reaction of sulphuric acid on bauxite a naturally occurring hydrated alumina ore having the approximate formula Al2O3.2H2O. The mined material varies in composition and generally contains 1 to 3 molecules of water plus impurities such as iron, silica, titanium and selenium. The soluble aluminium oxide (Al2O3) content of a typical bauxite varies from 52 to 57 % and may contain 1 to 10 % ferric oxide(Fe2O3). The over all reaction is exothermic. However, to compensate for losses ande to concentrate the aluminium sulfate solution, low pressure steam is required. On the other hand, the product needs cooling down to approximately 50oC to create good handling characteristics. Heating & cooling requirements are shown below:TRANSCRIPT
INDUSTRIAL PROJECT REPORT ALUM (FERRIC AND NON FERRIC)
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Alum are represented by the general formula R 1/2 SO4, R2"(SO4)3.24.H2O. Where R and R”are respectively monovalent and trivalent radicals. They are usually the double salts of ammonium, potassium or sodium sulphate with aluminium. Chromium or iron sulphate, and are readily prepared by concentrating and cooling a solution containing molecular proportions of the Component Sulphate. Ferric and Non Ferric Alum is marketed in various grades. The cheapest grade called “alum cake”. Potash alum also known as alum alumen. Ferric alumin is aluminium sulphate containing iron obtained from the bauxite ore. Potash alum is prepared from its naturally occurring minerals such as alunite, and Ratinite, but in India these do not occur in appreciable quantities. Alum was formerly prepared from alum shales by roasting them in year and leaching it out with water. Alum is now produced in India by crystallizing together equivalent produced in India by Crystallizing together equivalent proportion of potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. The solution is concentrated and the crystals are separated out are melted to yield lump alum or recrystalized to obtain large crystals. MARKET SURVEY CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT covers Introduction Uses and Applications Properties Market Survey with future aspects Present Manufacturers Detailed Process of Manufacture Formulations B.I.S. Specifications Process Flow Sheet Diagram, Plant Layout, Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis Capacity Land & Building Requirements with Rates List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
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