industrial internet roundtable
DESCRIPTION
The third industrial revolution is coming. Brace yourself for impact.TRANSCRIPT
THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Mikko Särelä Postdoctoral researcher
Aalto University Department for Communications and Networking
MIKKO SÄRELÄ
!•Internet and cyber security reseacher !
•Post-doc, Aalto University, School of Electrical Engineering !
•Vice member of Helsinki City Planning Board
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Democracy, nationionalism, conscription, printing press, railways, machine gun...
F I R S T I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O N
S E C O N D I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O NFordism, combustion engine, cars, planes, tanks, radio, television, total war,…
A E R I A L B O M B I N G S
N U C L E A R B O M B
HOWEVER
GROWTH DID NOT LAST
T H E G R E AT S TA G N AT I O N
A VIEW TO THE HISTORY
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
S1.-> Machine replaces
human manipulation skills!Some external energy:
wind, water, steam
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
S2.-> Muscle work
replaced with general energy: !
electricity, combustion engine
THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
NOW
T H I R D I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O NRise of the computer intelligence
HUMAN MIND REPLACED WITH MACHINE
PERFECT STORM OF
THREE INVENTIONS
ALAN TURING
Computer
J. C. R. LICKLIDERIntergalactic computer
network
HAROLD STEPHEN
BLACKControl systems
THE THREE INNOVATIONS
TOGETHER
NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
What can you do today that is not influenced by digital systems?
Directly?
Indirectly?
Everything is digitalAnd soon everything will be networked
How about security?
The Change
Humans and mechanical systems replaced
Digital networked systems
Everything digital, everything networked everything reachable
Human - digital difference
Humans• Human processes are
distributed by necessity
• Good at cognitive tasks and flexible in new situations
• Likely to react to wrong information that is obviously wrong
• Susceptible to social engineering attacks, but effects are limited
• Humans are reasonably good at recognizing the unusual
Digital system• Excel in following instructions
exactly
• Impossible to fool directly
• Unauthorized access can be made difficult
• If access is gained, attacker may change the process itself
• Digital systems are hard, inflexible, and fragile
• When security breaks, it breaks completely
EXAMPLES
Logistics
Currently perishables come to stores via central distribution
points !
Digitalization enables a distributed delivery system of a
small unit size !
Example: Mumbai Dabbawalas
Traffic control
• Self-driving cars
• Humans will be forbidden from driving on public streets and roads
• Benefits: reduced accidents, highway capacity, << cost, etc.
• Potential risk?
SOCIAL PROCESSES
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
E-VOTING
MOBILITY AS A SERVICE
HEALTHCARE
AND SO MUCH MORE
COMMON TRAITS?
Future of employment: How many jobs can be
replaced by automation?
!Carl Benedikt Frey and !
Michael A. Osborne!September 17, 2013
Immediate impact
Impact within hours
Impact within days
Importance and Interdependence of our Critical Infrastructure
Transportation and logistics
Communications and information
Electricity
Government services
Health services
Emergency services
Banking and finances
Food delivery
Water
Industrial automation systems control infrastructure
Control requires communications
Food production
Other energy Communications require electricity
Electric grid requires communications for control
National defense
Industry
ICT CAN KILL
“SCHOOLBOY HACKS INTO CITY'S TRAM
SYSTEM”
“CIA ADMITS CYBERATTACKS
BLACKED OUT CITIES”
“BOEING 747 ENGINES CAN BE
CONTROLLED VIA PASSENGER
ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM
“BLOWING UP GENERATORS
REMOTELY”
“POPULAR SURVEILLANCE
CAMERAS OPEN TO HACKERS,
RESEARCHER SAYS”
“10K REASONS TO WORRY ABOUT
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE”
IN 2013
WE ANALYSED FINNISH
INDUSTRIAL AND BUILDING-
AUTOMATION
INTERNET
WE FOUND
Q1/2013! Q4/2013! Difference!
Targets!
Online!Ports open!
2915!
1968!
1410!
4695!
3281!
2337!
+ 61 %!
+ 67 %!
+ 66 %!
Q4 / 2013!2915 TARGETS
1968 1602+239 ONLINE 1410 1204 PORTS OPEN
REMOTE ACCESS – AND SURVEILLANCE
(WEB, TELNET, YM.)
BUILDING AUTOMATION (HEATING, WATER SUPPLY, DOOR LOCKS,
ETC…)
MANUFACTURING PLANTSPOWER PLANTS
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FACTORY CONTROL SYSTEMS
GAS STATIONSPRISONS
HOSPITALSHOMES, OFFICES, STORES, …
Siemens Simatic (S7, HMI, NET) Schneider TSX
Schneider Modicom Quantum Schneider clearScadaPocket CMD (telnet)
EDW-100 Digi One SP and Realport
Moxa Nport 5210/5110xwed 500
…
OPENLY REACHABLE FROM THE INTERNT
HS 21.3.2013
41,1!
4,76!
4,39!
4,15!
3,13!
2,79!
2,71!
2,48!
1,91!
0! 5! 10! 15! 20! 25! 30! 35! 40! 45!
US!
ES!
CA!
DE!
SE!
GB!
JP!
FI!
FR!
Percentage per country !(out of 132775 targets in SHODAN)!
0!
0,1!
0,2!
0,3!
0,4!
0,5!
0,6!
0,7!
FI! SE! ES! CA! US! FR! GB! DE! JP!
ICS devices per capita (/1000 inhabitants)!