Industrial Electronics Lab Presentation:

Topic : Gyroscope Sensor

Group Members:

• Usama Waseem Khan (BEES/S11/0167)

• Abdul Rahim Khan (BEES/S11/0101)

• Umair Ud Din Ahmed (BEES/F09/0132)

Introduction:

• A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of angular

momentum.

• Gyro sensors, also known as angular rate sensors or angular velocity sensors, are devices that sense angular velocity

• Gyroscopes based on other operating principles also exist, such as the electronic, microchip-packaged MEMS gyroscope devices found in consumer electronic devices, solid-state ring lasers, fiber optic gyroscopes, and the extremely sensitive quantum gyroscope.

Working & Internal Structure:• A free gyroscope maintains its axis. Gyroscopes can be

used to construct gyrocompasses

• It complement or replace magnetic compasses in ships, aircraft and spacecraft, vehicles in general, to assist in stability, bicycles, motorcycles, and ships or be used as part of an inertial guidance system. 

• When the gyroscope is not free under the influence of torques, it exhibits a number of behaviors including precession and notation.

• It gives the angular rate around the 3 axes of space in

deg/s.

Working & Internal Structure:• There are various types of Gyroscopes used as per applications :

• electronic, microchip-packaged MEMS gyroscope devices found in consumer electronic devices, solid-state ring lasers, fiber optic

gyroscopes, and the extremely sensitive quantum gyroscope.

• Applications of gyroscopes include inertial navigation systems where magnetic compasses would not work or would not be precise enough or for the stabilization of flying vehicles like radio-controlled helicopters or unmanned aerial vehicles. Due to their precision, gyroscopes are also

used in gyrotheodolites to maintain direction in tunnel mining

Gyro In our Final Year Project:• In our final year project of “RC Quadcopter with Surveillance System” we

are using gyroscope sensor for the purpose of Angular velocity estimations, Angle sensing and Control Mechanisms.

• In our Final year Project , Gyro Sensor’s type we used is MEMS Gyroscopes.

Gyro Sensor as an Angular Velocity Estimator :• Gyroscope’s main function in this domain is to sense the

amount of angular velocity produced.

• It is also used in measuring the amount of motion itself.

• Examples for Angular velocity estimation of Gyroscope’s can be seen during the Athletics movement of Quadcopter

Gyroscope as an Angle Sensor: • Gyroscope’s main function in this domain is to sense angular

velocity produced by the sensor's own movement. Angles are detected via integration operations by a CPU.

• The angle movement is to fed to the reflected angles in an

application

• Examples of Angle sensing can be seen in Car navigation system, Controllers , cellular phones etc.

Gyroscope as a Control Mechanist :• Gyroscope’s main Function in this domain is to sense

vibration produced by external factors, and transmits vibration data as electrical signals to a CPU .

• Used in correcting the orientation or balance of an object

• The most common example can be examined in Camera-shake correction and Vehicle control

Video Description:

• The following video explains the Application of Gyroscope in a Quadcopter.