Presentation: Presentation: Indus Valley civilizationIndus Valley civilization

Presented To:Presented To:Dr. Omar RiazDr. Omar Riaz

Presented By:Presented By:Arshad RazaArshad Raza

Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization

The Indus River Valley civilization first appeared in

2,500 B.C.

It was located in the western part of Sub-continent The

largest settlements were two cities:

“Harappa” and “Mohenjo Daro”.

Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization

Indus or Harappan CivilizationIndus or Harappan Civilization

• Each of these cities had around 35,000 people and each was planned carefully.

• The cities had a grid of streets and were divided into walled neighborhoods.

• Some houses were as high as three stories. • Buildings were constructed of mud bricks.

Well planned CityWell planned City• Mohenjo-Daro was built on a plateau to deal with

unpredictable river flooding

Great Bath, Great Bath,

Wide streetWide street

A public well in Harappa, A public well in Harappa,

A bathroom on a private A bathroom on a private residenceresidence

The Drainage SystemThe Drainage System

Lack of SourcesLack of Sources• literate culture

owe cannot read the writingowriting on bricks and sealso did not use paper or clay tablets

Farming and TradeFarming and Trade

• Most Indus Valley people were farmers

• First to cultivate cotton and weave into cloth

• Area close to Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf so easily reach Sumer. Contact caused system of writing to be born

• Traded cotton, grain, copper, pearls, and ivory

Trade with lower Mesopotamia and Trade with lower Mesopotamia and

EgyptEgypt

Why did they collapse/declineWhy did they collapse/decline

• The Indus Valley civilization collapsed

• around 1500 B.C. No one knows the reason, but there are five possibilities.

• The Indus River may have changed its course,

• Climate shift: the monsoon patterns

• flooding

• destruction of the forests

• migrations of new peoples: the Aryans

Thanks