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HR Technical

Overview

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Data handling in HR (Using of Infotypes):

Master data in HR is stored in infotypes.

Each infotype pertains to a specific type of data.

Each infotype has a database table associated with it.

Example : For Infotype 0000, the corresponding

database table associated with it is PA0000.

What is Infotype

The information units used to enter the data of an

employee are called infotypes.

The Infotypes are used to group related data fields together.

E.g.. IT0006.(address)

Why Infotype

As HR is related to time , we require old data as well as

new data. The data we enter into the infotypes are automatically

checked for accuracy and against the table entries.

In simple, HR data is huge and to access data easily we

require Infotype.

What is logical database?

The LDB is special type of ABAP program that combines the

contents of certain related database tables and retrieve some

related data and make it available to application programs.

In other words, a LDB is a method by which ABAP programs

read and process the data. The sequence in which the data

is supplied to the program is determined by a tree structure.

The LDB usually consists of the following

components.

• Structure

• Selections

• Database programs

Logical Database (Contd…)

Logical databases have a tree structure.

A logical database can contain a maximum of 300 tables


SAPDBPNP is the name of the database program for the

logical database PNP.


How are logical database used

1.Logical databases when generating an ABAP program

o The selection screen generated contains the selections

(SELECT-OPTIONS AND PARAMETERS) of both the logical

database and the program.

o The only database-specific selections displayed on the

selection screen are those needed by the program for data

retrieval purposes


2. Logical databases at run-time of an ABAP program

At run-time, the system processes the events in the program

and in the logical database in the following order

o Before displaying the selection screen, certain initializations

(e.g. calculating default values such as key date, etc.) are

performed for the selection screen by the logical database

and the program.

o The selection screen is displayed and the user enters data in

the input fields.


o The logical database and the program check that the input is

correct and complete , but also that the user has the appropriate

authorizations. If an error occurs, some fields are made ready for

input again, so that the user can make the necessary correction(s).

o In the event START-OF-SELECTION, the ABAP program

performs any preliminary work (for ex, importing files).

o The logical database reads the selected data and the program

processes it within the GET events according to the sequence

specified by the structure.

o In the event END-OF-SELECTION, the ABAP program performs

any concluding operations (for example, calculating totals,

exporting files).


3 . Designing the selection screens

o The standard selection screen of a logical database has a

standard layout where SELECT-OPTIONS and PARAMETERS

appear in the sequence they are declared, each on a new line.

The system automatically generates such a screen for each

program that does not have its own selection screen entered in

the attributes.


o You can define your own selection screens for any logical

database . If the attributes of a program include the number of its

own selection screen, the system uses this screen as a model

when generating. Any program-specific selections appear after

the database selections. The flow logic for such screens is also

generated automatically and therefore cannot be modified. You

cannot delete database selections


Functions of LDB:

Data retrieval :

The personnel data of each employee is loaded into the main

memory where it can be accessed for processing.

Screening :

Employees can be selected according to the organizational

criteria entered on the selection screen.

E.g...Hourly wage earners in a particular personnel sub area.

There are two types of screening..Person selection and data

selection period.

Person selection defines those employees for whom a report is to

be run.

E.g..Monthly wage earners in a specific personnel sub-area.

E.g..Personnel number range

E.g..Features of org.Assignment...Employees who assigned to

certain cost center.

E.g..Employee status..Active or inactive.

Functions of LDB (Contd…)

The data selection period delimits the time period for which data

is evaluated.

When you enter the data selection period,the provide loop

retrieves the infotype records whose validity period overlaps

with at least one day of this period.

Authorization check : This ensures that the person starting

the evaluation Is authorized to access the report data.

Functions of LDB (Contd…)

REPORT CLASS WITH LDB :

You can change the layout of the selection screen by assigning

classes to reports of the logical database PNP.This allows you

to suppress the input fields which are not used.

All reports without a report class are assigned the customer

default report class '00000000'.Otherwise the sap default report

class ' ' is assigned.

Report class assignments are stored in table t599b or t599w.

Table t599b contains customer report classes and t599w the

sap report classes.

Continue...

If a report has no report class,either the customer default

class(t599c) or the SAP default class(t599f) is used.

All reports that use the logical database PNP automatically

contains DBPNPCOM module.

You can also read the records of an infotype for a particular

personnel number without using the logical database,through

RP-READ-INFOTYPE.

Report Class With LDB (Contd…)

GET PERNR :

This event fills the data structures of declared infotypes with

all records that exists for a personnel number.

Data selection does not delimit the records that retrieved from

the database.

Whenever GET PERNR statement is included in your

program, check the following two .

1.Have you included PNP for the logical database screen field

in the program attributes.

2.Have you included PERNR structure in the tables

declaration.

Get Pernr (Contd…)

Macros :

Macro contains some part of source code which it will be useful

for number of applications.

The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST retrieves the last(latest)

data record which is valid in the data selection period.

The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST retrieves the first(start)

data record which is valid in the data selection period.

For every macro, whether the operation was successful or not

will be checked with PNP-SW-FOUND.

If PNP-SW-FOUND = 1 , then the operation is successful.

Macros (Contd…)

The macro RP-READ-INFOTYPE retrieves all the data record(s)

which is valid in the data selection period.

If SY-SUBRC = 0 , then the process is successful.

The program code pertaining to this macro is stored in the

control table TRMAC

Macros

Macros (Contd…)

Whenever you are using the macros like

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST or

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST,

check whether you have included logical database PNP

in program attributes.

Macros

It is not necessary to include logical database PNP in your

program when you are using the macro like

RP-READ-INFOTYPE A B C D E , where

A corresponds to PERNR which describes for which personnel

number you require records.

B corresponds to INFOTYPE which describes from which

infotype you require records.

C corresponds to data structure of the declared infotype

(internal table like p0000 for infotype 0000) where all the

records of the particular personnel number will be stored.

D corresponds to Start date.

E corresponds to End date. Macros (Contd…)

Consider a personnel number , for example 37.

With the GET PERNR statement, when the personnel

number 37 comes all the records available with that

personnel number will be retrieved.

Let us assume those records as follows.

P.NO. End date Begin date

010 00000037 13.07.1998 12.09.1997

010 00000037 30.05.2000 14.07.1998

010 00000037 04.07.2001 31.05.2000

010 00000037 31.01.2002 05.07.2001

010 00000037 31.12.9999 01.02.2002

Macros (Contd…)

Consider the macro shown below.

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA

If we assign 01.01.1997 to PN-BEGDA

and 31.12.1998 to PN-ENDDA.

Then the following record will be retrieved.

010 00000037 13.07.1998 12.09.1997




010 00000037 04.07.2001 31.05.2000

Macros (Contd…)

Consider the macro shown below.

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA




010 00000037 13.07.1998 12.09.1997




010 00000037 30.05.2000 14.07.1998Macros (Contd…)

Subtypes :

The sub-division of infotype records are subtypes.Each

subtype representing an infotype category with its own time

character.

Infotype 0006 is for addresses.This addresses are sub-divided

in the IT0006 as permanent residence,secondary residence

and home address.

Cluster :

set of data objects.

Elementary fields , field strings and internal tables etc. will

come under data objects.

You can store data clusters in ABAP/4 memory for short time

and in database for longer time.

Cluster (Contd…)

To write data objects from ABAP/4 program to ABAP/4

memory,the following statement is used.

Export f1

f2

to memory id 'table'.

Import f1

f2

from memory id 'table'.

Free memory id 'table'...Cluster will be deleted from the

memory.

Cluster

These cluster databases come into picture to keep the information

relating to a company more secure.

e.g. Payroll, time related data.

e.g. cluster database tables PCL1, PCL2, PCL3 and PCL4.

PCL1 is the database for HR application areas.It contains information

regarding the time recording.

PCL2 contains information regarding payroll accounting.

PCL3 contains applicant data.

PCL4 contains change documents for HR master data.

Cluster rx contains the payroll results for country x according to table

T500l.Cluster (Contd…)

The clusters can be called from macros.

RP-IMP-Cn-xx ( n = 1,2,3,4 and xx is cluster)

When macro is used to import data,it is not directly get from

database table PCL, instead it checks for the buffer directory

whether it contains it in main memory.

If it is there it takes it from main memory..otherwise it reads

from PCL to main memory and from there to the report.

Standard import programs follow the naming convention

RPCLSTxx..xx is cluster.

RP-EXP-Cn-xx ( n = 1,2,3,4 and xx is cluster)

Cluster (Contd…)

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