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Integrated Urban Water Management in Jakarta

Dr. Carlos E. M. Tucci World Bank - Water Week

Februart 17-19, 2009

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Population in Indonesia

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1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040

years

popu

latio

n, in

millions

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% de po

pulação urba

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population urban

projection

Population increases at high rate

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Indonesia: Java Island

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Urban development in Jakarta

1992 2002

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City scenes

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Urban Jakarta scenes

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Total solids

Water sources: surface and groundwater

Urban areas

Rain

floods sewer

Storm water polution

Integrated Urban Water issues

•Contamination of water sources •lack of potable water supply, Lack of sanitation, Solid waste management; •Stormwater Floods •Environmental impact •Diseases

Contamination cycle

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Jakarta overall Assessment o Water supply Ø Contamination of water sources: upstream reservoirs and

groundwater

Ø High proportion of population without water services (50%)

Ø Competition with irrigation

o Sanitation ü Less than 5% of sewage treatment

ü Septic tank for high load in high water table environment

o Solids Ø Lack of garbage collection

Ø Lack of street cleaning

Ø Lack of sediment control from constructions

Ø About 5.000 m3/day on the drainage system

Jakarta overall Assessment o Stormwater floods ü Increase of impervious areas from downstream to upstream with

peak and volume increase

ü channels construction and transferring floods

ü Fragment design without taking into account future development

ü Subsidence

o Environment and diseases ü Surface and Groundwater contamination;

ü Poor population uses upper contaminated groundwater layers

ü High vulnerability to diseases and epidemics

ü Lack of awareness

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10

142

39.2

18.1 16.2

4.9

38.3

Citarum river system

218.6 m 3 /s

31.2

10.8

1.7 5.4

17.3

3.3

22.2

6.0

2.2

9.1

26.2

42.1

Bogol 16.6 m 3 /s Ciulung­Cileman

43.5 m 3 /s

West Java

Bantang

DKI Jakarta

irrigation

Water supply

reservoir

Water system

Water supply Demand flow (m3/s)

Irrigation 50,8% Water supply 49,2 %

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WB­ Flood control project (called JEDI) o Goal : reduce the flood frequency o Procedure: Flood control based in increase flow

capacity through canal dredging. o Assessment of the floods: Ø Future urban scenarios were not simulated Ø The survey of the river sections are 13 years old ü Others alternatives were not assessed

o Comments: ü The main assumption is that floods are mainly due to the solids in

the drainage;

ü The WB project was not addressing the source of problem ,which is the production of solid waste which flow to stormwater

ü With the amounts of solids the project live is of about 5 years only (US$ ~160 millions)

Integrated Urban Water Management

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Urban Master Plan

Water supply sources and distribution

Sewer collecting and treatment

Flood Management: quantity and quality

Total solids: sediments and solid waste

Water and environment conservation

Legal Framework

Management

Capacity building

Monitoring

Main Targets o Sustainable urban development: Development of new urban

development standards taking into account the sustainability on water issues:

o Protect water supply sources:

o Improve water supply distribution

o Develop the sanitation system: investment on the collecting and treatment systems for all urban areas;

o Flood Control Management: regulation for new development; flood management plan for each basin;

o Total Solids Management: develop sound services for total solids and prevention for sediments to decrease the solids in the drainage;

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Emergency actions: recovery of flow capacity by dredging IUFMP­ Integrated

Urban Flood Management Plan:

Implementation: Implementation of planned measures along the time

Protection of Water supply source

Improve Water Supply Services

Develop the sewer collecting and treatment

Total solids management

Environment conservation and recovery

Integrate Urban water Plan

Institutional: Development the regulation and management of institutions in the space which cover the basins and the Metropolitan Areas

Water & sanitation

Urban Occupation

INTEGRATED URBAN WATER

PLANNING

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Implementation dredging

Technical assistance

Comprehensive Flood Mitigation

Non­structural flood management Protect water sources

Institutional arrangement proposal

Short ­ term

Water Supply Plan

Sewer System Plan

Flood Management Plan by basins Implementin g Institutional arrangement

Implementin g Total solids Plan

Medium term

Implementin g Water supply services Implementin g Sewer System Plan

Implementin g Flood management Plan by basins

Long term Environment Plan

Implementin g Environment Plan

Proposal for Action Plan

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Institutional q Strategic mainly for

Ø water supply: water allocation and conflicts

Ø flood control: control the flow increase and urbanization upstream

q Regulate a long­term agreement for the basins to exchange water and control impacts

q Agency for management

q Legislation

q Capacity building

Investments

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Sector/data DKI Jabodetabek

Population (millions) 8.9 24

Water supply 1 (US $ millions)

267 720

Sewer network and treatment 2 (US$ millions)

1,335 3,600

Urban drainage and Flood Management 3

(US$ millions)

623 1690

Totals 4 2,225 6,000

Conclusions o World is becoming to be urban

o Most of the new urban population are going to be concentrated in developing countries

o High impacts and weak institutions

o Fragment knowledge and weak technical integration is one of main reasons behind the water cycle problems.

o Integrated view and management is the best tool to plan, improve, prioritize water sector investments development;

o IUWM needs to start analyzing the problems as upstream to development perspective in urban areas

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