SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGNBachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)

INTEGRATED ASSIGNMENT:MEASUREMENT I (QSB60104)

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I (BLD 60104)BUILDING MATERIALS (BLD 62003)

SITE VISIT REPORT

STUDENT NAME: LAM WEE WEESTUDENT ID NO.: 0320129DATE OF SUBMISSION: 27 NOVEMBER 2015

In this assignment, we are require to summit a report based on what we have studied during our site visit at Sekyen A2, Antara Gapi, Hulu Selangor, Selangor. This site visit is to enable us to have the chance of elaborating the method and process of construction on site. The task which are given to us is mainly require us to be able to elaborate on Pad

Footing such as how it is constructed and the materials involved in constructing it.

Site clearance before constructing.

The first of constructing process is setting out. The positions of the pad footing are set out according to the plan dimensions. To mark out the size of the pad footing is going to be, they would use cement powder. After that comes the very first step of constructing

a pad footing. First, is excavation. They excavate the earth to the required depth by using an excavator.

Excavator used to excavate until it obtains the required depth and plan dimensions.

Next, hardcore is placed on top of the surface of the excavated earth. The hardcore are used in a layer of at least a 150mm thick but no greater than 600mm in selected aggregate. After that, it is then compacted down in layers with a plate compactor. Formwork is then placed according to the plan dimensions which they have to build themselves. For the formwork, they used traditional formwork which are temporary and have to be removed after it is done. The material used for the formwork mainly consist of timber and plywood. They had to read the plan for any adjustments and then adjusting it to fit the size and position of the formwork. After that, they added stud to prevent the falling of the formwork. Bracing and pegs are used to ensure that the formwork would be strong enough to withstand the horizontal forces of the concrete when it is poured.

A layer of lean concrete is then poured and leveled. It helps to provide an even surface tot he foundation concrete. Besides that, it also helps to prevent direct contact of foundation concrete with the soil.

Next would be the rebar work. The reinforcement is placed on top of the concrete spacers whereas the spacers are used to maintain the reinforcement in the proper position. It also helps prevent rebars from corrosion. Protecting them from fire for a certain amount

of time, helps to provide proper transfer of stresses from concrete to steel rebars.

Even thought concrete is durable, and has a very good compression of strength, it has a weak tension strength. This is why reinforcement is used as it will carry tensile load of a structure. Starter bar is then placed after placing down the reinforcement. The starter bar is tied to the reinforcement so that the reinforcement of the column can be tied to it. They have to make sure that the position of the starter bars are correct.

Ground beam rebar

Stirrup tying the rebars together.

The final step is concreting. Concrete are poured into the formwork and adequate compaction is ensured by using either vibrators or self-compacting concrete. The concrete will then be allowed to be cured before proceeding to the next stage of the construction. The concrete will then set to dry until it gains sufficient strength. The formwork will then be dismantled which will lead to a complete pad footing.

Overall view.

A closer view of the formwork of the pad footing.

Starter bars

Cement and sand setting aside. Soon to beconcrete.

Construction Joint

Retaining Wall

Diagram showed to us of pad footing.

Giving us information of pad footing.

Staircase formwork

Scaffolding

PilesThroughout this assignment, I learned that in construction site you have to ask

question in order to obtain more valuable information as it might not be the same as you are studying in school. Further information such as the type of materials that they used. For example, rebar Y20, Y16 for their reinforcement, 1by2 timber and plywood of 12mm thick for their formwork. I also learn that there are different types of housing area such as Type 2A. Type 2A basically means that it is above ground level. Depending on the SI of the soil, they will either use pile cap or pad footing. The SI of the soil are calculated by the engineer which will then be conclude whether that specific area is suitable to use pile cap or pad footing.