india’s independence
DESCRIPTION
India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. Hindu and Muslim differences . Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) and the Muslim League , feared a Hindu-majority India would ignore Muslim concerns . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
HINDU AND MUSLIM DIFFERENCES
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) and the Muslim League, feared a Hindu-majority India would ignore Muslim concerns.
• He worked in Indian National Congress until 1920 when they adopted Gandhi’s satyagraha campaign.
• Jinnah pressed for an independent territory for South Asia’s religious minority – Muslims. (Pakistan,“land of the pure”)
INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT OF 1947• Date of Independence: August 15th, 1947
• This act was the implementation of the June 3rd Plan or the Mountbatten Plan
• Mountbatten was the last viceroy
• Partition plan was set in place despite the views against it from Mountbatten and Gandhi
1947 PARTITION OF INDIA
• 12 million+ Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus fled their homes to join a majority-religion region or state
• violence between the Hindus and Muslims caused hundreds of thousands of deaths
• Bitter memories remain from these hardships
POST INDEPENDENCE…(AUGUST 1947)
• India as a Parliamentary democracy & federal state is headed up by Jawarhalal Nehru (Gandhi is assassinated in January 1948);
• Pakistan becomes a Muslim state headed by former Muslim League leader Muhammad Jinnah; it too is a Parliamentary democracy but has struggled to remain secular; in after a brief civil war in 1971 East Pakistan becomes the Parliamentary democracy of Bangladesh.
GANDHI & SOUTH ASIA’S INDEPENDENCE…
•Satyagraha = “truth force”;
•Salt March;•Civil disobedience
• Wanted one united nation for Hindus and Muslims after independence from the British.
• Scene from Gandhi
PROBLEMS WITH PAKISTAN: EAST AND WEST
• Separated by 1,000 miles
•Besides sharing the same religion East and West Pakistan were different in a lot of ways (geography, languages, and traditions)
• Pakistan’s Strengths:- army - educated officials
WEST AND EAST PAKISTAN PROBLEMS
• West Pakistan was the political and economic power of the two
• The Bengalis occupied the poorest section (East Pakistan)
• Bengalis were treated as second-class citizens
• 1970, a cyclone caused enormous damage to East Pakistan. There was little to no aid from West Pakistan.
EAST PAKISTAN REBELLION
• Very successful and quick rebellion (April – December 1971)
• Indian army supported East Pakistan
• December 16th, 1971 East Pakistan became a newly independent nation – Bangladesh.
PAKISTAN TODAY• Illiteracy rates are high
• Millions live in poverty
• Political instability over the years lead to long periods of military rule
• The northwest Pashtun tribes have supported the Taliban regime and Al Qaeda