india's energy requirements -challenges & solutions

India's Energy requirements -Challenges & Solutions

By :Abhimanyu Kr.Singh

Anurag JainPragya KothariSaurav Anand

Petroleum & Energy ManagementRajiv Gandhi Institute Of Petroleum

Technology

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology

Jan 13-2009

This presentation describes the major energy challenges faced globally and possible suggestions to overcome it.

Overview:

1)The energy crisis-the challenge

2)Bottle necks-The factors

3)Possible Remedies


Jan 13-2009

Some critical findings (Source-WEO)

1) World primary energy demand grows by 1.6 per cent per year on an average between 2006 and 2030 - an increase of 45 per cent.

2) Demand for oil rises from 85 million barrels per day now to 106 mb/d in 2030 - 10 mb/d less than projected last year.

3) Demand for coal rises more than any other fuel in absolute terms, accounting for over a third of the increase in energy use.

4) Modern renewable grow most rapidly, overtaking gas to become the second-largest source of electricity soon after 2010.


Jan 13-2009

5)China and India account for over half of incremental energy demand to 2030 while the Middle East emerges as a major new demand centre.

6) The share of the world's energy consumed in cities grows from two-thirds to almost three-quarters in 2030.

7) Almost all of the increase in fossil-energy production occurs in non-OECD countries.

8) These trends call for energy-supply investment of $26.3 trillion to 2030, or over $1 trillion per year

Contd…


Jan 13-2009

World Primary Energy Demand

Fossil fuels account for almost 90% of the growth in energy demand between now and 2030

Oil

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear powerHydro power

Other renewables

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e

The Challenge……………………


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Increase in World Primary Energy Production by Region

Almost all the increase in production to 2030 occurs outside the OECD

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

1971-2004 2004-2030

Mto

e

OECD Transition economies Developing countries

31%

10%

59%

share of total increase (%)

12%

85%

3%


Jan 13-2009

World Proven Oil and Gas Reserves

MENA share of global oil and gas reserves is much higher than its share of current production, suggesting strong potential for growth

Oil

Iraq9%

Iran10%

Kuwait8%

Other MENA14%

Saudi Arabia20%

Non-MENA39%

Natural gas

Iran16%

Qatar14%

UAE3% Saudi

Arabia4%

Other MENA

8%

Non-MENA55%


Jan 13-2009

World Transportation Oil Demand

Oil demand for transport increases very closely in line with GDP

15

20

25

30

35

40

17 27 37 47 57

GDP (billion 2004 US$ using PPPs)

mb

/d

1971

The Consumers…….


Jan 13-2009

0

4 000

8 000

12 000

16 000

20 000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mt o

f CO

2

OECD Transition economies Developing countries

Global emissions grow 62% between 2002 & 2030, and developing countries’ emissions will overtake OECD’s in the 2020s

World Energy-Related CO2 Emissions


Jan 13-2009

Growth in World Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions

Average carbon content of primary energy increases slightly through 2030 – in contrast to past trends

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

1971-2004 2004-2030

aver

age

an

nual

gro

wth

rat

e

Primary energy demand CO2 Emissions


Jan 13-2009

Electricity DeprivationElectricity Deprivation

In 2030, if no major new policies are implemented, there will still be 1.4 billion people without electricity.


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The bottlenecks……..

•Lack of awareness esp. in rural areas

•Lifestyle

•Political unwillingness

•Slackness on the part of citizens

•Less encouragement and incentives to conserve energy

•Lack of sponsors to fund R&D in energy efficient technologies


Jan 13-2009

Possible Remedies……………………………………………1 Promotion of fuel efficient TechnologiesExample. BEE(Bureau of energy efficiency) norms should be made more stringent Incentive For more fuel efficient system like HRSG, Common Rail Diesel Injection, Turbo Chargers.Promotion of Green Buildings.

2 Use of Mass Rapid Transit System saves Time And Overall Energy Consumption of the economy, bringing down per capita energy consumption requirement Use of MRTS in tier 2 cities like Ahemdabad, Bhubaneshwar Nagpur and Lucknow .

3 Creation of dedicated Bicycle Lane helps in promotion of ecofriendly medium mode of transport and also ensures riders safety


Jan 13-2009

4 Promotion of Public Transport: This will lead to more efficient use of energy and bring down the per capita energy consumption.

5. R&D Investment: This is something which is very country specific and. Investment into Soya bean cultivation and R&D so that it can be used to produce both the energy and protein rich food to take care of the malnourishment in the world today.

6. Localising the energy generation and consumption so that the Transmission and Distribution losses (which are 31%) can be removed.


Jan 13-2009

7. Rainwater Harvesting: This can be used for both Ground water harvesting and lowering the energy consumption used in pumping water. This will also obviate the need to use pipelines to transport water thereby making the supply of water more sustainable, reliable and localised.

8. Use of Sewage as a source of energy: Rather than discharging the sewage as untreated, it can be used to generate bio gas in order to meet energy needs in a more localised manner. This will have lesser environmental impact as the sewage is treated before being discharged and used for generating energy producing gases. The Oil PSU’s and other private players can be encouraged to venture into this area. This will not only add to their Corporate Social Responsibilities but will also be a great business opportunity as the raw material for the generation of electricity is free of cost.


Jan 13-2009

9. Investment Policy: The investment policy of India should be made more transparent so that the Big environmental companies get impetus to invest and thereby contribute to the cleansing of environment in India. This also entails more investment in the quality education sector so that skilled manpower for those companies.

10. Awareness: Awareness about environment should be promoted from the most basic level so that there is more acceptability of eco-friendly solutions which will be a part of the policy in the coming future. This awareness campaign should be made a Nationwide phenomena like the environmental projects “Project Tiger” and “Ganga Action Plan”.


Jan 13-2009

11. Basic HSE(Health Safety and Environment)

Certification: This should be made compulsory for all Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s. Looking at the current scenario the SME’s are not very participative in the area of environment and sustainability. Making the certification compulsory will make them understand the role of HSE and its importance thereby making them more receptive to sustainable energy consumption


Jan 13-2009

12. NEW FRONTIERS:a.Algae bioreactor can be utilized to recycle CO2 from power and manufacturing plant flue gases and convert it to an onsite, continuous supply of biofuel, such as ethanol or methane. The bioreactor productivities suggest annual yields of 5,000-10,000 gallons of biodiesel and a comparable amount of bioethanol per acre.(Source – ebulletin)

b.Soya husks can be used as protein source or in animal feeds after oil has been recovered from it. The oil can be used in bio-diesel after processing.

c. Currently gas is the life-line of fertilizer units world over. We can reduce gas consumption in fertilizer units by promoting bio-fertilizers.


Jan 13-2009

Thank You!


Jan 13-2009

References:WEO-2008 Reference ScenarioClimateprediction.net

india's energy requirements -challenges & solutions

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