Indian Standards

On

Fire and Electrical Safety

A K Purohit, Scientist E

Bureau of Indian Standrds

Bhubaneswar

Electrical and Fire Safety

Why ?

■ LIFE SAFETY

■ PROPERTY PROTECTION

Electrical Accidents-Statistics

•

• 25% of all fires occur due to electricity

•About 25 deaths per day due to electrocution (India)

(2011)

•42 % of total fires occur due to electrical sources

•8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are due to

electricity

How Standards can help

■ Incorporating safety features in product

while defining product characteristics

■ System safety

◻ Defines best practices on Dos and Do Not

◻ Best practices in Industry

◻ Experience

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

■ Energy usage in the modern world is predominantly in the electrical form due to the advantages offered by it in ease of generation, transmission and ultimate application as compared to other forms of energy.

■ Use of electricity has changed our life. Although it is of paramount importance in our day to day life , it brings with it associated hazards arising out of various factors.

■ Safety is of paramount importance during generation, transportation and final usage of electrical energy and the associated installations.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY (Contd)

■ Working with electricity can be dangerous. Engineers, electrician, and other professionals work with electricity directly, and including working on overhead lines, cable harnesses, and circuit assemblies. Others such as office workers and sales people work with electricity indirectly and may also be exposed to electrical hazards.

■ The hazards can be in the form of electrical shock, burns or fire.

Hazards

Application of a safety standard is intended to reduce the risk of injury or damage due to :

■ electric shock;

■ energy related hazards;

■ fire; ■ heat related hazards;

■ mechanical hazards;

■ radiation;

■ chemical hazards.

Electric shock

■ approximately half a mili-ampere can

cause a reaction in persons in good health

and may cause injury indirectly due to

involuntary reaction.

Energy related hazards

■ may result from a short circuit

◻ burns;

◻ arcing;

◻ ejection of molten metal.

Fire Measures to reduce risks include:

■ providing overcurrent protection; ■ using constructional materials having appropriate

flammability properties for their purpose; ■ selection of parts, components and consumable

materials to avoid high temperature which ■ might cause ignition;

■ limiting the quantity of combustible materials used; ■ shielding or separating combustible materials from likely

ignition sources; ■ using ENCLOSURES or barriers to limit the spread of

fire within the equipment; ■ using suitable materials for ENCLOSURES so as to

reduce the likelihood of fire spreading

■ from-the equipment.

Heat related hazards

◻ burns due to contact with hot accessible parts;

◻ degradation of insulation and of safety-critical components;

◻ ignition of flammable liquids.

■ measures to reduce risks include ◻ taking steps to avoid high temperature of accessible

parts; ◻ avoiding temperatures above the ignition point of

liquids; ◻ provision of markings to warn USERSwhere access

to hot parts is unavoidable.

Mechanical hazards

◻ sharp edges and corners;

◻ – moving parts which have the potential to cause injury;

◻ – equipment instability; ◻ – flying particles from imploding cathode ray tubes

and exploding high pressure lamps.

■ measures to reduce risks include: ◻ rounding of sharp edges and corners;

◻ guarding; ◻ provision of SAFETYINTERLOCKS

Radiation ◻ sonic (acoustic)

◻ radio frequency

◻ infra-red

◻ ultraviolet and ionizing radiation,

■ measures to reduce risks include

◻ limiting the energy level of potential radiation sources;

◻ screening radiation sources;

◻ Provision of SAFETYINTERLOCKS

◻ markings to warn USERS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

EQUIPMENT—

SAFETY—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

■ IS 13252 (Part-1) :2010 / lSO/lEC 60950-1 :2001

■ Applicable to

◻ standard is applicable to mains-powered or battery-

powered information technology equipment,

◻ electrical business equipment and associated

equipment, with a RATED VOLTAGE not exceeding

600 V.

IS 616 2010 - Audio, Video and Similar

Electronic Apparatus - Safety

Requirements

■ Equivalent to IEC 60065 : 2005

UPS

■ IS 16242 : Part 1 2014 -Uninterruptible

Power Systems (UPS) Part 1 General and

Safety Requirements for UPS

■ Equivalent to IEC 60240-1 : 2008

Compulsory Registration

Scheme

■ Department of Electronics & Information

Technology (DeitY) has notified

"Electronics and Information Technology

Goods (Requirement for Compulsory

Registration) Order, 2012 – 15 products

■ Subsequent Order on 13 Nov 2014. – 15

products

Features of Registration Scheme

■ no person shall manufacture or store for sale, import, sell or distribute goods which do not conform to the Indian standard specified in the order

■ Manufacturers of these products are required to apply for registration from Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) after getting their product tested from BIS recognized labs.

■ Self Declaration of conformity – no inspection

Product Covered under Compulsory registration Scheme

Safety of

Household

Electrical

Appliances

■ General

Requirement

■ Particular

requirement

Safety of Household and similar electrical

appliances

■ IS 302 / IEC 60335 - Safety requirements

for household and similar electrical

appliances.

◻ Part 1 : 2008 General Requirement

◻ Part 2 Particular requirements (parts 2 contain

clauses to supplement or modify the

corresponding clauses in part 1)

■ Section 1 – appliances 1

■ Section 2 – appliances 2

■ ……..

Safety of Household and similar electrical

appliances IS 302 / IEC 60335 ■ Safety of electrical appliances for

household and similar purposes, their

rated voltage being not more than 250 V

for single-phase appliances and 480 V for

other appliances

■ does not take into account

◻ use of appliances by young children or infirm

persons without supervision,

◻ playing with the appliance by young children

Safety of Household and similar

electrical appliances ■ Protection against electric shock (class 0 to class 3)

■ Marking ■ Temperature Rise

■ Operation under Overload conditions ■ Electrical Insulation and Leakage Current at

Operating Temperature ■ Moisture Resistance ■ Abnormal Operation

■ Construction ■ Internal Wiring

■ Radiation Hazards

Different Class of Appliances based on

Protection against electric shock

Class 0

■ These appliances have no protective-earth

connection and feature only a single level

of insulation between live parts and

exposed metalwork

■ If permitted at all, Class 0 items are

intended for use in dry areas only

Class 1

■ appliances must have their chassis

connected to electrical earth

■ A fault in the appliance which causes a

live conductor to contact the casing will

cause a current to flow in the earth

conductor

Class 2

■ Class II or double insulated electrical

appliance is one which has been designed

in such a way that it does not require a

safety connection to electrical earth

(ground)

Class 3

■ Class III appliance is designed to be

supplied from a separated/safety extra-low

voltage power source.

Safety in Electrical Installations

Scope of ET 20:

■ To prepare standards for safety and related

matters in designing, erection and maintenance

of electrical installations from the point of view of

safety and good engineering practice that would,

amongst other things, promote compatibility

between such standards and those concerning

the equipment installed

■ Need to lay down rules and inform good

practices

■ The Indian Electricity Rules, 1956, contain

specific regulations to be adhered to in the

supply and use of electrical energy.

■ Central Electricity Authority (Measures

relating to Safety and Electric Supply)

Regulations, 2010

■ Nevertheless, there are several areas

which need elaboration and

complementing.

Safety in Electrical Installations

(Contd)

■ The work includes electrical installations in

buildings for different occupancies and

outdoor sites of temporary or permanent

nature

■ National Electrical Code (NEC) dealing

with electrical installations falls under the

scope of this committee .

NEC 2011

◻elaborates the IE Rules/ safety reg. which are

statutory in nature

◻serves as a comprehensive document on

electrical practices in India

◻provides information in a consolidated form to

electrical engineers and contractors in the

country who are concerned with the design

and operation of electrical installations.

National Electrical Code (NEC) 2011

■ Indian Electricity Act, 1910

■ Indian Electricity Rules, 1956

■ Need was felt to elaborate upon these

regulations since the agencies involved have

varied practices

■ In order to rationalize these practices, India’s

first National Electrical Code, formulated in 1985

NEC 2011

■ compendium of several well established

codes of practice

■ The code complemented and elaborated

on the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956

■ Electricity Act 2003

■ Energy Conservation Act, 2001

NEC 2011

■ Electrical Installations Sectional Committee, ETD 20

■ All material, accessories, appliances etc., used in an electrical installation should conform to Indian Standards wherever they exist

■ Electrical installation should be carried out in accordance with the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956

■ Intended to be advisory

Scope of NEC 2011 ■ Standard good practices for selection of

various items of electrical equipment

■ Recommendations concerning safety and related matter

■ General safety procedures and practices in electrical work;

■ Additional precautions for special environmental conditions like explosive and active atmosphere.

NEC APPLIES TO:

■ Standby generating plants

■ Building substations

■ Domestic dwellings

■ Office buildings

■ Shopping and commercial centres

■ Institutions

■ Recreation and other public premises

■ Medical establishments

NEC APPLIES TO:

■ Hotels

■ Sports buildings

■ Industrial premises

■ Temporary and permanent outdoor installations

■ Agricultural premises

■ Installations in hazardous areas

■ Solar Photovoltaic installations

NEC DOES NOT APPLY TO:

■ Traction, motor vehicles, installations in rolling-stock, on board-ships, aircraft or installations in underground mines

■ Systems of distribution of energy to public

■ Power generation and transmission for such systems

■ Guidelines on the payment for electrical work done in installations

National Electrical Code

(Contents)

NEC contains

8 Parts and

30 Sections

NEC CONTENTS ■ Part 1 General and Common Aspects

■ Part 2 Electrical installations in stand by generating stations and captive substations

■ Part 3 Electrical installations in non-industrial buildings

■ Part 4 Electrical installations in industrial buildings

■ Part 5 Outdoor installations

■ Part 6 Electrical installations in agricultural premises

■ Part 7 Electrical installations in Hazardous area

■ Part 8 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems

Part 1 General and Common Aspects Section 1 Scope of the National Electrical Code

Section 2 Definitions

Section 3 Graphical Symbols for Diagrams, Letter

Symbols and Signs

Section 4 Guide for preparation of diagrams, charts &

tables, and marking

Section 5 Units and systems of measurement

Section 6 Standard Values

Section 7 Fundamental principles

Section 8 Assessment of General Characteristics of

buildings

Section 9 Wiring Installations

Section 10 Short Circuit Calculations

Part 1 General and Common Aspects

Section 11 Electrical aspects of building services

Section 12 Selection of equipment

Section 13 Erection and precommissioning testing of

installations

Section 14 Earthing

Section 15 Lightning protection

Section 16 Protection against voltage surges

Section 17 Guidelines for power factor improvement

Section 18 Energy Efficiency aspects

Section 19 Safety in electrical work

Section 20 Tables

Alphanumeric Notation, Graphical

Symbols and Colours

Supply ac

systems

Phase 1 L1 Red

Phase 2 L2 Yellow

Phase 3 L3 Blue

Neutral N Black

Part 1 Section 7 Fundamental principles

■ Distance from Electric lines

■ Lighting and ventilation(Section 14)

■ Heat Insulation

■ Lifts and Escalators

■ Locations and space for Electrical

Equipment

■ Design of electrical installation-protection

for safety, other factors

Layout of the Sections/Parts

■ Switchgear for Control and Protection

■ Building Services

◻ Lighting

◻ Air-conditioning

◻ Lifts

■ Fire Protection

■ Testing of Installation

■ Miscellaneous Provisions

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

◻ Contains guidelines which can be adopted

immediately

◻ Harmonized with corresponding IEC standards

◻ Gives reference to related Indian standards

◻ Code is intended to be advisory

◻ Code is not mandatory

◻ Should be adopted in interest of safety and

economy

◻ Keep our electrical installation practices at par with

the best national and international practices

How a wire are drawn and how they are connected in a T joint

Recommended Fire Protection by NEC 2011

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

SP 30 : 2011 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

Available at BIS Sales offices

Available for online sale at BIS sales portal

www.standardsbis.in

Fire safety

Fire Safety

■ On an average 300 deaths per year

■ Huge property losses

■ About 69% fires are caused by

electricity

■ More prevalent in high rise building

NBC 2005

■ The main purpose of building codes is to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures

NBC

■ Birth of NBC1970

■ First Revision of NBC1983 (after 13 years)

■ Second Revision of NBC-IV 1997 ( after

14 years)

■ 3rd Revision of NBC 2005 (after 22 years)

National Building Code 2005

■ Construction –In all Sectors of

Development.

■ Planning Commission –A need felt for in-

depth Study, Reason & its Justification.

■ Linkage-Latest Technology V/S Outdated

Byelaws

■ Resulted in the Evolution of NBC.

Applicability of the code

To Service as model for adoption by ■ Public works department, other government

construction departments and other construction agencies.

■ To be adopted by State Government / local bodies

■ The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority.

Classification of Building in NBC

2005

■ Group A Residential

■ Group B Educational

■ Group C Institutional

■ Group D Assembly

■ Group E Business

■ Group F Mercantile ■ Group G Industrial

■ Group H Storage

■ Group J Hazardous

PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

■ Deals with Safety from Fire. ■ Exits in Building V/S Importance of Life Safety.

■ Involvement of Qualified & Trained Fire Protection Engineers from the very beginning.

■ Standards Laid Down to provide safety from fire. ■ Potential Panic Hazard –measures to minimize Panic

hence control on accidents. ■ Flexibility V/S Rigidity.

■ Limitation of Height and areas of Building for Occupants Safety.

■ Phasing out of Ozone Depleting Substance-Under Country Program.

■ New standards have been already developed and put in place for Halonalternative clean agents.

Fire Safety

■ IS 13694:1993 – Fire Safety in Iron and Steel Industries ◻ Blast Furnace

◻ Steel Melting Shop

◻ Coke Oven

◻ Re-heating furnace

◻ Hot Mill (rolling mill)

◻ Fire detection and alarm system

◻ Fire extinguishing system

IS 3594 : 1991

■ CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE

SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS:

GENERAL STORAGE AND

WAREHOUSING INCLUDING COLD

STORAGES

BIS Web site

■ Web site :- www.bis.gov.in

■ Online sales of Indian Standards

◻ www.standardsbis.in

■ Compulsory registration (Electronics and

IT Product – www.crsbis.in

Thank You