crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

Source : www.pib.nic.in Date : 2019-01-01

YEAR ENDER-MINISTRY OF HOUSING & URBANAFFAIRS-8-FINAL 2018:

Relevant for: Indian Society | Topic: Urbanization, their problems and their remedies incl. Migration & SmartCities

Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs

Year Ender-Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs-8-Final2018:

Swachh Survekshan 2018 Conducted by Ranking 4203Cities. Swachh Survekshan -2019, Paperless and Digital,will Commence from 4th Jan, 2019 Covering all Cities :Hardeep S Puri

Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)-4124 Cities &Urban Areasof 21 States / UTs Declared ODF

SWM- Processing Increased to 46%(From 19% In 2014)

62 Lakh Toilets &5 Lakh Public Toilets Constructed/UnderConstruction

More than 68.7 Lakh Houses Sanctioned Under PMAY- (U)--Huge Job Opportunities in Construction & Allied Sectors

About 36 Lakh Houses Grounded & more than 12 LakhHouses Completed Since Launch of Mission--Rs. 33,455Crore Released

More than Rs. 6,900 Crore Interest Subsidy on HousingLoans Credited Directly to 3,14,703 Beneficiaries UnderCLSS

Rs. 60,000 Crore National Urban Housing Fund set upThrough EBRS for Rapid Implementation--24 New

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

Technologies Identified to Fast Track Construction

Posted On: 31 DEC 2018 2:25PM by PIB Delhi

100 Smart Cities Selected In 4 Rounds-- Spvs IncorporatedIn All--5,151 Projects Worth More Than Rs. 2 Lakh Crore InVarious Stages Of Implementation --534 Projects Worth Rs.10,116 Crore Completed--Implementation Commenced For1,177 Projects Worth Rs. 43,493 Crore & Tendering Started

For 677 Projects Worth Rs. 38,207 Crore

78 Indicators Across 15 Categories Used To Rank 111Cities On Ease Of Living Index--Smart City Fellowship &

Internship Programs Launched

All India Challenge (Citiis) Launched In Partnership WithAfd & Eu To Select 15 Innovative Projects --Smart Cities

Digital

34,893 Real Estate Projects &27,073 Real Estate AgentsRegistered Under Rera -- 28 States/Uts Notify Rules Under

Rera

Real Estate Regulatory Authority Set Up In  28 States/Uts --21 States/Uts Set Up Real Estate Appellate Tribunal--

Regulatory Authorities Of 23 States/Uts OperationaliseWebsites 

536 Kms Of Metro Rail Lines Operational In 10 CitiesIncluding Delhi & Ncr, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata,Chennai, Jaipur, Kochi, Lucknow, Mumbai & Gurugram

13 New Metro Projects For 248 Kms At A Cost Of Rs. 68,021Crore Approved Since May, 2014 For Nagpur, Ahmedabad,Gurugram, Lucknow, Chennai Extension, Pune, Delhi Metro

Extensions, Noida – Greater Noida, Bhopal & Indore.

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

Around 650 Kms Of Metro Rail Projects At Various StagesOf Implementation--About 750 Kms Of Metro Rail Systems

& 373 Kms Of Rrts Under Planning

I-Metros-A Platform To Exchange Ideas, Pooling OfKnowledge & Sharing Of Experience, Best Practices

Launched In March 2018 

To Promote “Make In India” & Indigenization Of VariousMetro Rail System, Standard Specificationsissued

Amendments To Mpd-2021 Notified To Provide Relief ToCitizens From Sealing Drive--Special Task Force (Stf) Under

Vc, Dda Constituted To Address IllegalConstructions/Encroachments

Land Pooling Policy & Regulations To Implement It AimedAt Providing Affordable Housing Notified

In-Situ Development Project Under Ppp Model At KathputliColony On Course For Completion In 2019

Paisa- Centralised Web Portal Launched For Subvention OfInterest To Day-Nulm Beneficiaries

13 Lakh Urban Poor Imparted Skill Training From May 2014Onwards & 4.5 Lakh Provided Placement—1.9 Lakh

Beneficiaries Imparted Skill Training In 2018

3,45,450 Shgscomprising Of More Than 34 Lakh WomenFormed & 2,35,712 Shgs Assisted With Revolving Fund

4,097 Projects Worth Rs 54,816 Crore Awarded UnderAmrut--1,035 Projects Worth Rs. 2,388 Crore Completed

Online Building Permission System (Obps) Implemented In1,453 Cities–Implemented In All Ulbs In 10 States

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

More Than Rs. 2,700 Crore Raised Through MunicipalBonds During 2018 For Upgrading Urban Infrastructure

All 70 Projects Worth Rs. 422.61 Crore Approved For 12Hriday Cities Under Various Stages Of

Implementation—On Course For Completion By March2019--Rs. 310.43 Crore Released

 

Year Ender-MOHUA-7-Final 2018:

URBAN RENAISSANCE FORREVITALISING& REJUVENATING INDIAN CITIESBEINGACHIEVED THROUGHINFUSION OFMORE THANRS.6,85,758 CR

Shri Hardeep S Puri, Minister of State(I/C) for Housing & Urban Affairs has informed thatSwachh Survekshan 2019 will cover all ULBs in the country and commence from 4th January2019. Addressing the media persons at the year-end Press Conference of the Ministry ofHousing & Urban Affairs, he informed that in order to foster a healthy competition between citiesfor improving cleanliness standards, Swachh Survekshan survey was conducted for therating of 73 cities in 2016 followed by ‘Swachh Survekshan-2017’ ranking 434 cities.Indore secured 1st rank in ‘Swachh Survekshan’ 2017. The third round was conducted from4th January to 10th March, 2018 covering 4203 statutory towns in India, and Indore, Bhopaland Chandigarh have emerged as the top 3 cleanest cities in the country.  Several initiativeshave been introduced to inculcate behavioural change, i.e., a national helpline number – 1969–launched, to address queries from citizens around Swachh Bharat Mission. A ‘Swachhata’ apphas been launched as a grievance redressal platform for any complaints from citizens related tocleanliness. SBM-Urban has introduced an online educational portal where 150 bestpractices have been uploaded, in the form of training modules. An innovative audiocampaign titled ‘Swachhata Selfie’ has been launched.

Shri Durga Shankar Mishra, Secretary in the Ministry, while providing details of the progressmade under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) informed that more than 68.7 Lakhhouses have been approved so far for construction under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana(PMAY-U) Mission. Out of these, 37 lakh houses are undervarious stages of construction ofwhich 13.5 lakh houses have already been completed.  The Government is on course tosanction 1 crore houses well before 2020 to ensure that construction activities are completed toprovide “Housing for all by 2022”. Under the PMAY(U), the total investment involved is Rs 3.85lakh crore.Rs 34,000 crore have already been released to States/UTs out of the approved totalcentral assistance of Rs 1,05,404crore. An interest subsidy of Rs 7,543crore on housing loanshas been credited directly to 3,39,713 beneficiaries under CLSS (Credit Linked SubsidyScheme), he stated. 

            Stating that his Ministry has been implementing one of the most ambitious programmesundertaken in the world for Urban renaissance for revitalising and rejuvenating Indian citiesthrough number of initiatives including infusion of more than Rs. 6,85,758 crore for ensuringease of living for the citizens in urban areas, Shri Hardeep Puri informed that the transformationhas been undertaken by way of implementing key urban reforms, projects for urbanrejuvenation, construction of public and household toilets and solid waste management underthe Swachh Bharat Mission, initiation and implementation of more than 5000 smart city

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

projects worth Rs.2,05,018 crore under the Smart City Mission, sanctioning of more than 65lakh houses for construction under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana in urban areas,provision of water, sewerage and sanitation under the Mission AMRUT by sanctioningprojects worth Rs.77, 640 crore, augmenting the urban transport by way of new metrolines, embarking on an ambitious target for skill development of urban youth for gainfulemployment under DAY-NULM and approving implementation of city HRIDAY plans for 12cities. The Ministry is also vigorously pursuing reforms in the real estate sector for the benefit ofhomebuyers by ensuring implementation of RERA in all parts of the country.  The Mission-wiseprogress is as under -

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION - URBAN

Since April 2018, an additional 1612 cities have been declared as ODF taking the totalnumber to 4124,62 lakh Individual Household Toilets (IHHL) and5 lakh Community andPublic Toilet seats (CT/PT) have been constructed or are under construction. Further,Urban areas of 21 States/UTs have been declared ODF (namely, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Chandigarh, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh,Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Manipur, Sikkim,Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Puducherry, Punjab, and Karnataka). The Governmentof India launched the “Swachh Bharat Mission” (Urban) on 2nd October 2014 for 5-year periodwith the objective of achieving 100% open defecation free (ODF) status and putting in placesystems to achieve 100% solid waste management in all Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) inthe country. The estimated cost of implementation is Rs. 62,009/- crore, including Governmentof India’s share of Rs. 14,600/- crore and State share of Rs 4,874/- crore.

   To enable people to easily locate public toilets and give feedback on the same, a majorinitiative of mapping all public toilets in the country on Google Maps has been launched. Tilldate, 835 cities have uploaded more than 33000 PTs mapped on google maps.  MoHUA hasalso launched the following:

‘ODF+ and ODF++ protocols’, with a focus on sustaining ODF outcomes and achievingholistic sanitation (wherein ODF+ protocol focuses on O&M of community / public toilets byensuring functionality and proper maintenance of CT/PTs for their continued usage, andODF++ focuses on addressing safe management of faecal sludge from toilets, and ensuringthat no untreated sludge is discharged into open drains, water bodies or in the open), 

●

‘Star Rating Protocol or garbage free cities’ to motivate cities to achieve garbage freestatus. It is a single metric rating system, based on 12 parameters of Solid WasteManagement covering, Source segregation, Door to Door Collection, compliance by bulkwaste generators, daily sweeping, scientific processing of waste, scientific land filling, plasticwaste management, construction and demolition waste management, dumpsiteremediation, citizen grievance redressal system etc., all of which together contribute to acity’s overall cleanliness and garbage free status.

●

‘Swachh Manch’, which acts as an online knowledge management and stakeholderengagement portal to galvanize the SBM into a true ‘JanAndolan’.

●

Currently, 71,797 wards out of 84,229 wards, i.e. 85 % of wards, are practicing door to doorcollection, and 46.03% of waste generated is being processed. Waste-to-Compost (WTC)plants-635 Plants are operational with 40.47 lakh TPA compost production capacity and 206Plants with 6.84 lakh TPA output capacity are in progress. Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants-7Plants are operational with 88.4 MW capacity and 56 Plants with 415 MW capacity are inprogress. It has been made mandatory for DISCOMs to purchase WtE power

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (PMAY-U)

To fast track the construction of sanctioned houses, the Ministry has identified 24 newtechnologies for mass housing construction and further issued schedule of rates for 11 newconstruction technologies and building materials for adoption among States/UTs. In addition, theMinistry is also organizing Global Housing Technology Challenge (GHTC) to co-optinternationally acclaimed rapid mass housing construction technologies and to help States/UTsto construct sanctioned houses under PMAY(U) to address housing shortage in the urban areasby 2022.

A National Urban Housing Fund for Rs. 60,000 crore has been set up for raising ExtraBudgetary Resources (EBR) for the rapid implementation of PMAY (U). A sum of Rs. 8,000crore was mobilised under this fund in FY 2017-18. In FY 2018-19 approval has been secured toraise Rs. 25,000 crore under this mechanism out of which a sum of Rs. 5050 crore has beenalready raised and disbursed to the States/UTs and CNAs (Central Nodal Agencies). Thisprocess of raising resources through EBR ensures that there will be unhindered availability ofresources for PMAY(U).

The Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) was established in National Housing Bank (NHB) withan objective to improve the affordability of the target group to own their homes. The first trancheof Rs. 2,500 crore which was received by NHB in Aug 2018 out of the total corpus of Rs. 10,000crore has already been disbursed.  The next tranche of Rs 2,500 crore is expected to bereceived by NHB soon.

The huge investment of 3.6 Lakh crore in housing sector is providing more job opportunities inconstruction and allied sectors with the help of induced effect and contributing to overall healthof the economy.

SMART CITY MISSION

Under the SCM, 100 Smart Cities have been selected in 4 Rounds based on All IndiaCompetition. All 100 cities have incorporated Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs). Since thelaunch of the mission, a total of 5,151 projects have been identified for implementation bythe cities worth more than Rs. 2 lakh crore which are in various stages of implementation inthe 100 cities. 534 projects worth Rs. 10,116 crore have been completed and implementationhas commenced for 1,177 projects worth Rs. 43,493 crore while tendering has started for 677projects worth Rs. 38,207 crore. The progress with respect to implementation of projectspertaining to Smart Solutions, Smart Roads, Smart Water, Solar Rooftops, and Visible &Impactful is given below:

·For Smart Command & Control Centres projects worth Rs. 1,558 crore in 11 cities have beencompleted; projects worth Rs. 3,049 crore in 29 cities are under progress; Projects worth Rs.2,730 crore in 21 cities already tendered.·For Smart Roads projects, worth Rs. 228 crore in 4cities have been completed; projects worth Rs. 3,819 crore in 34 cities are under progress;projects worth Rs. 2,069 crore in 10 cities already tendered.·For Smart Water projects, worthRs. 902 crore in 18 cities have been completed; projects worth Rs. 5,961 crore in 35 cities areunder progress; projects worth Rs. 921 crore in 17 cities already tendered.·For Solar projects,worth Rs. 58 crore in 8 cities have been completed; projects worth Rs. 828 crore in 42 cities areunder progress; further tenders have been issued for projects worth Rs. 300 crore in 9 citiesalready tendered.·For Visible and impactful projects, worth Rs. 179 crore in 16 cities havebeen completed; projects worth Rs. 3,701 crore in 32 cities are under progress; further tendershave been issued for projects worth Rs. 2,828 crore in 20 cities.Other significant initiativesunder the Smart Cities Mission

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

The “Ease of Living” Index is an initiative of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs tohelp cities assess their liveability vis-à-vis global and national benchmarks and encouragecities to move towards an ‘outcome-based’ approach to urban planning and management. Itwas decided in June 2017 to rank 116 cities based on the liveability parameters. Theimplementation of the assessment commenced formally on 19 January, 2018. The Ministryhas launched the outcome/rankings of 111 cities on the Ease of Living index on 13 August,2018. The framework covers all the critical pillars of urban development (Physical,Institutional, Social and Economic) and uses 78 indicators across 15 categories(governance, identity and culture, education, health, safety and security, economy,affordable housing, land use planning, public open spaces, transportation and mobility,assured water supply, waste-water management, solid waste management, power, andquality of environment).

●

Indian Smart City Fellowship and Indian Smart City Internship programs werelaunched on 9 July 2018. More than 3000 applications were received for Fellowship.The first batch of 30 young graduates/post graduates and PhDs in the fields of UrbanPlanning, Urban Design, Engineering, Information and Technology, Urban Mobility,Finance, Social Sector and Environmental issues has been selected by the Ministry inNovember 2018.

●

An all-India Challenge named CITIIS (Cities Investments to Innovate Integrate andSustain) was launched on July 9, 2018 in partnership with Agence Française deDéveloppement (AFD) and European Union. A Loan of EUR 100 million will be extended byAFD which shall be given as a grant to Smart Cities for implementation of 15 innovativeprojects selected through the All-India Challenge. The projects would be in four sectors-sustainable mobility, public open spaces, urban governance & ICT and social andorganizational innovation in low-income settlements. Technical support with global expertisewill be provided for preparation and implementation of selected demonstrative projects. Apreparatory Workshop on CITIIS was held with international experts in September 2018.Proposals submitted by cities are under evaluation.

●

Smart Cities Digital Payments Awards 2018 were launched on 9 July, 2018. Theobjective of the awards is to guide, motivate, recognize and reward the Smart Citiesfor promoting digital payments and carrying out innovative payment initiatives. 65cities have participated in Stage II of the questionnaire. The submissions are underevaluation. Results will be declared shortly.

●

RERA (REAL ESTATE (REGULATION AND DEVELOPMENT) ACT, 2016 (RERA)

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) was passed by theParliament in March, 2016 heralding a new era of transformation in the real estate sector.The core objective of this transformative legislation is to ensure regulation andpromotion of real estate sector in an efficient manner and to protect the interest of homebuyers. The updated status of RERA is as follows:

28 States/UTs have notified rules under RERA except-●

Jammu & Kashmir (as RERA is not applicable there).●

6 North Eastern States (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagalandand Sikkim)

●

West Bengal has enacted its own Act I.e. Housing & Industry Regulation Act (HIRA),however state has been advised to notify the rules under Real Estate (Regulation &Development) Act, 2016.

●

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

 

28 States/UTs have set up Real Estate Regulatory Authority (Regular - 15, Interim -13).21 States/UTs have set up Real Estate Appellate Tribunal (Regular -09, Interim –12).Regulatory Authorities of 23 States/UTs have operationalized their websites underthe provisions of RERA.34,893 Real Estate Projects and 27,073 Real Estate Agentshave registered under RERA across the country.

●

  Municipal bonds are an important instrument to mobilise financial resources for investment inUrban Infrastructure.  Municipal bonds of Rs. 2,709.90 crore were issued in 2018 by Hyderabad(2 tranches of Rs. 200 crore and Rs. 195 crore), Indore (Rs. 139.90 crore), Amaravati (Rs.2,000 crore), and Bhopal (Rs. 175 crore).  This is expected to help cities meet their financingrequirements and supplement the budgetary resources made available to them. 

URBAN TRANSPORT

  At present, about 536 kms of Metro Rail lines are operational in 10 cities i.e. Delhi & NCR,Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Jaipur, Kochi, Lucknow, Mumbai and Gurugram.Since May, 2014 to till date, about 287 Kms of metro rail lines have been commissioned in Delhi& NCR, Bangalore, Chennai, Kochi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Jaipur, Hyderabad and Gurugram. In2018 (from January, 2018 to till date), about 110 Kms of metro rail lines have beencommissioned in Delhi & NCR, Hyderabad and Chennai.Since May, 2014 to till date, 13 newmetro projects with a total length of about 248 Kms at a total cost of Rs. 68,021 Cr have beenapproved for Nagpur, Ahmedabad, Gurugram, Lucknow, Chennai Extension, Pune, Delhi MetroExtensions, Noida – Greater Noida, Bhopal and Indore. In 2018 itself, 3 new projects with alength of about 66 Kms at a total cost of Rs. 16, 408 crore have been approved for Bhopal,Indore and Delhi Metro Extn from Noida City Centre to Noida Sector 62.

            The Prime Minister has laid foundation of six metro projects since May, 2014, forNagpur, Pune, Mumbai Line 2A, Mumbai Line 2B, Mumbai Line-4 and Mumbai Line-7. He hasalso inaugurated several new metro lines since May, 2014 in Delhi, Hyderabad and Kochi. In2018 itself, the Prime Minister has inaugurated the Delhi Metro extension from Mundka toBrigadier Hoshiyar Singh (11.18 Km) on 24.06.2018 and Delhi Metro extension from EscortMujesar to Raja Nahar Singh Ballabgarh (3.205 km) on 19.11.2018.Around 650 kms of metrorail projects are at various stages of implementation in Delhi & NCR, Kolkata, Bangalore,Chennai, Kochi, Jaipur, Mumbai (including State initiatives by MMRDA), Hyderabad, Nagpur,Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Pune, Noida, Bhopal and Indore. About 750 kms of metro rail systemsand 373 km of Rapid Rail Transit Systems (RRTS) are under planning in various cities.

            In order to promote “Make in India” and indigenization of various metro railsystem, standard specification of rolling stock, signalling system, electrical &electromechanical metro rail components and civil engineering structures have beenissued. Further, eligibility criteria for procurement of rolling stocks has also been issued.

            I-Metros (Indian Metro Rail Organisations’ Society) - a platform to exchange ideas,pooling of knowledge and sharing of experience, best practices, innovations etc. amongthe Indian metro rail companies to nurture excellence in performance was launched inMarch 2018.

DELHI DIVISION

1. Amendment to the Master Plan for Delhi-2021

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

In order to provide relief to the citizens from the ongoing sealing drive amendments tothe Master Plan for Delhi-2021 have been notified on 21.06.2018, to revise theDevelopment Control Norms for Shop-cum Residential Plots and Godown clustersexisting in non-confirming areas.  These amendments have paved way for regularizationof the misuse of premises and unauthorized constructions in eligible cases by providingfor additional FAR in eligible cases while at the same time taking care of issue such asparking spaces, greenery, accessibility to fire services, infrastructure requirements andconvenience of inhabitants.

2. Extension of NCT of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second Act, 2011

The validity of the  National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) SecondAct, 2011, which was expiring on 31.12.2017, has been extended upto 31.12.2020,providing continued protection to certain forms of unauthorised developments frompunitive action and at the same time allowing time to the Government, urban local bodiesand other organisations involved to take a balanced and well considered view onpolicies, norms and strategies for orderly implementation of plans regarding theseunauthorised developments.

3. Constitution of Special Task Force

A Special Task Force (STF) under the Chairmanship of Vice Chairman, DDA has beenconstituted on 25.04.2018, with members from various organisations viz. MCDs, NDMC,Delhi Police, GNCT of Delhi, Central Ground Water Board, ASI, DJB, etc. tocomprehensively address the problems of illegal constructions and encroachments onpublic lands, parking spaces, roads, pavements, etc.  STF is also entrusted with the taskof ensuring coordination among various agencies and timely and effective action by suchauthorities for ensuring compliance with statutory provisions including MPD-2021 andthe Unified Building Bye laws. 

4. Formulation of Action Plan for construction activities in Delhi

AnAction Plan has been formulated on 23.05.2018, clearly specifying the name,designation of officer concerned to be held responsible for all future irregular andunauthorized constructions/violations of MPD-2021, DMC Act, 1957 and Building Bye-laws etc.Besides punitive action under disciplinary rules, including suspension, filing ofFIR under the Prevention of Corruption Act would also be initiated against the erringofficer. 

5. Land Pooling Policy

The long pending land pooling policy, which basically aims at providing affordablehousing to the residents of Delhi, has been notified by the Ministry on 11th October, 2018and the regulations to implement the policy have been notified by DDA on 24th October,2018.

7.  Kathputli Colony:

      In-situ development project under Public Private Partnership at Kathputli colony nearShadipur Depot which commenced during 2017 is expected to be completed during 2019. 

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

Under the project a total of 2,800 EWS flats are being constructed to rehabilitate the jhuggidwellers on in-situ basis by the developer entity on Public Private Partner mode.

8. Projects in Delhi funded through Urban Development Fund(UDF):

   During the year 2018, the several projects involving funding from the UDF wereapproved: These include upgradation of District Centres at Nehru Place:  UDF funding ofRs 130.23 crore i.e., 80% of cost of Rs 162.79 crores; Upgradation of District Centre atBhikaji Cama:  UDF funding of Rs 58.03 crore i.e., 80% of cost of Rs 72.54 crore; SolidWaste Management Project for three Municipal Corporations of Delhi (North, South andEast):  UDF funding of Rs 216.42 crore i.e., 80% of cost of Rs 236.44 crores; SW Drain atSector 8 Dwarka to cater to discharge of Airport:  UDF funding of Rs 70.85 crore i.e., 80%of cost of Rs 88.56 crores. foundation for construction of flyover passes betweenNorthern Mahipalpur by pass road and Airport road near Hanuman Mandir andinauguration of Skywalk/ FoB at ITO crossing and Grade Separator at Rani Jhansi Roadwas also undertaken during the year. 

ESTATES

            “Sampada 21” has been implemented wherein 21 services offered by the Directoratehave been fully computerized and all such applications are received online. A new website of theDirectorate of Estates has been developed for computerised issue of No DemandCertificate/Retention/Allotment for Vigyan Bhawan/ 5 Ashoka Road and for marriage purposes.      Amendments have been made in the Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants)Act, 1971 to speed up eviction of the unauthorised occupations from the Government Premisesin 2015.

DEENDAYAL ANTYODAYA YOJANA - NATIONAL URBAN LIVELIHOODS MISSION (DAY-NULM)

More than 1,90,000 beneficiaries have been imparted skill training in 2018 and 94,753 havebeen provided placement. Loans with interest subvention have been provided to 58,879beneficiaries for self-employment through individual/group micro-enterprises and 63,720 loanshave been disbursed to SHGs under SHG-Bank Linkage Programme. 53,087 SHGs have beenformed, and 31,686 SHGs have been assisted with Revolving Fund.

Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) is a CentrallySponsored Scheme being implemented in the statutory towns in the country for reducing thepoverty and vulnerability of urban poor households since April 2014. The primary target of DAY-NULM is urban poor, including urban homeless & urban street vendors and emphasis is laid onmobilisation of vulnerable sections of urban population into Self Help Groups (SHGs).Further,during the year

Personalized After-training Rapid Assessment (PARAS) system has been launched toget direct feedback from skill trained candidates regarding quality of skill trainingthrough SMS/ online feedback.A centralised web portal named PAiSA, developedincollaboration with the Allahabad Bank, has been launched for subvention of interestto DAY-NULM beneficiaries under SEP component through Direct Benefit Transfermode.For skill training of DAY-NULM beneficiaries in construction sector under ESTPcomponent, Memorandum of Understanding has been entered with National RealEstate Development Council (NAREDCO) and SULM, Maharashtra. Swachhata

●

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

Excellence Awards were distributed among the Area Level Federations (ALFs) of SelfHelp Groups (SHGs) from various States for their exemplary performance in creatingawareness about sanitation, elimination of open defecation, bringing out behaviouralchange towards healthy sanitation practices etc.DAY-NULM, in collaboration with Government e-Marketplace (GeM) is facilitating CityLivelihood Centres (CLCs) in standardization of products and their specifications,identification of products to be launched on e-marketplace and registration on GeM portal as‘seller’. Also, it has been decided to develop two Model Shelters for urban homeless ineach state, one in the state capital and one in another big city, having sizable population ofurban homeless. Also, two ULBs in each state, one in a million plus city and one in anotherbig city are to be developed as Model ULBs for urban street vendors.

●

Under DAY-NULM, between May 2014 to November 2018, 12,94,252 urban poor have beenimparted skill training to improve employment opportunities and of these, 4,58,849persons have been provided placement. Loans with interest subvention provision havebeen provided to 3,55,383 beneficiaries for self-employment through individual/group micro-enterprises and 4,67,355 loans have been disbursed to SHGs under SHG-Bank LinkageProgramme.3,45,450 SHG’s comprising of more than 34 lakh women have been formed &2,35,712 SHGs assisted with Revolving Fund. Street Vendor Survey has been completed in2332 cities. 16,89,564 street vendors have so far been identified and 8,18,095 of them havebeen given ID cards. 1,776 shelters for urban homeless have been sanctioned and 1,084shelters are operational.

AMRUT

Out of the total State Annual Action Plan(SAAP) size of Rs. 77,640 crore, contracts for4,097 projects worth Rs. 54,816 crore have been awarded including 1,035 projects worthRs. 2,388 crore which have been completed. Tenders have already been issued for 755projects worth Rs. 14,770 crore and DPRs for 458 projects worth Rs. 9,183 crore have beenapproved. The sector wise progress is as under:

• In the water supply sector, contracts for 965 projects worth Rs. 29,205 crore have beenawarded including 154 projects worth Rs. 1,325 crore which have been completed. 151 projectsworth Rs. 8,047 crore have been tendered and DPRs for 97 projects worth Rs. 4,318 croreapproved. • In the sewerage and septage management sector, contracts for 491 projectsworth Rs. 21,508 crore have been awarded including 40 projects worth Rs.520 crore which havebeen completed. 151 projects worth Rs. 5,596 crore have been tendered and DPRs for 85projects worth Rs. 4,507 crore approved.• In the drainage sector, contracts for 516 projectsworth Rs. 2,101 crore have been awarded including 51 projects worth Rs.81 crore which havebeen completed. 144 projects worth Rs.645 crore have been tendered and DPRs for 25 projectsworth Rs. 111 crore approved.• In the urban transport sector, contracts for 244 projects worthRs.709 crore have been awarded including 18 projects worth Rs.41 crore which have beencompleted. 76 projects worth Rs.251 crore have been tendered and DPRs for 40 projects worthRs.123 crore approved.• In the green spaces and parks sector, contracts for 1,881 projectsworth Rs. 1,293 crore have been awarded including 772 projects worth Rs.421 crore which havebeen completed. 233 projects worth Rs.231 crore have been tendered and DPRs for 211projects worth Rs.124 crore approved. To optimize the energy consumption in streetlights, over54 lakh streetlights have been replaced with LED lights.

AMRUT Mission also has a reform agenda spread over 11 reforms comprising 54milestones to be achieved by the States and Union Territories over a period of fouryears.  For the year 2018-19, an amount of Rs.600 crore has been earmarked toincentivize the states/ UTs for implementing reforms out of which, Rs.260 crore has been

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

earmarked to incentivise the AMRUT cities for issuing municipal bonds, on first-come-first-serve basis. An amount of Rs.340 crore has been disbursed to 21 States/ UTs duringthe year 2018-19 for implementation of reforms. Further, Rs.119 crore has been awardedas incentive to 5 cities viz. Pune, Hyderabad, Indore, Bhopal and Amravati for issuing themunicipal bonds.

The World Bank has recently released the Doing Business Report (DBR) 2019 and the country’srank in Construction Permits indicator has gone up to 52 from 181, a year ago. This could bepossible due to the reforms implemented and consistent efforts of the Municipal Corporations ofDelhi and Mumbai in facilitating Ease of Doing Business in construction permits. Further, OnlineBuilding Permission System (OBPS) has been implemented in 1,453 cities across the countryincluding 436 Mission cities. Ten States namely Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, HimachalPradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Telangana and Tripura haveimplemented OBPS in all the ULBs. This is being extended to all the cities/ towns across thecountry.

National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)

The National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) was launched on21st January, 2015 for the period until 31st March, 2019. HRIDAY is being implemented in 12cities, namely, Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwaraka, Gaya, Kancheepuram, Mathura,Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal. In 2018, 20 projects amounting to Rs. 140.14Crores have been completed in the cities of Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwaraka,Puri and Varanasi. Few notable projects completed in 2018 are as follows:

In order to enhance the experience of religious tourists visiting prominent heritage sites in theHRIDAY Cities, upgradation of 59 roads leading to various heritage sites in the city ofVaranasi, Ajmer, Amritsar and Amaravati have been completed. With increased pressure onland to accommodate the increasing population, there is need for creation of green spaceswhich should be a key consideration in urban planning to improve the health of a city and itspeople. With this objective, 3 projects for rejuvenation of public parks and gardens in thecities of Amritsar (Gol Bagh), Ajmer (Subhash Udyan) and Puri (Banki Muhana) have beencompleted.In order to revive the local heritage in cities and create additional tourist attractions, 3projects for development of heritage walks in Pushkar, Ajmer and Varanasi connectingimportant monuments, along the lanes with historical architecture have been completed.With theobjective of restoring existing heritage buildings, 2 projects for Adaptive Reuse of RambaghGate in Amritsar and Town Hall in Varanasi have been completed. Rambagh Gate will housea museum and Town Hall is being used as a cultural center or programs.

Many traditional water bodies in heritage cities have no water, but lot of solid waste andhave primarily become garbage dump sites. Under HRIDAY, revival work of few heritagewater bodies has been taken place. 1 such project for Annasagar LakefrontDevelopment has been completed.To ensure sustainability of heritage assets createdunder HRIDAY, a four day capacity building workshop was organized at SPA, Bhopalbetween 31 July- 3 August, 2018 for all Hriday city officials with an objective to train theofficials to comprehend the attributes of HRIDAY cities, work out ways to incorporateheritage assets in planning documents, develop tools for management of heritage resourcesand assets created under HRIDAY scheme, innovative revenue opportunities and achievesustainability goals for all HRIDAY cities. All the HRIDAY cities have been asked to developa sustainability model for their cities with focus on revenue generation through facilitiesdeveloped under HRIDAY for their cities.

●

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

RJ/KGS/SL

(Release ID: 1557895) Visitor Counter : 148

ENDDownloaded from crackIAS.com

© Zuccess App by crackIAS.com

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

Source : www.livemint.com Date : 2019-01-07

OPINIONRelevant for: Indian Society | Topic: Urbanization, their problems and their remedies incl. Migration & Smart

Cities

India’s unprecedented economic growth during the last two decades has been spearheaded bylopsided spatial development, with clusters of economic activity concentrated in a few highlydense megacities. Engines of growth have failed to spread to less dense secondary cities. Giventhat a majority of the population in India still lives outside megacities, this has created hugespatial disparities. Uneven spatial development is common in many countries, but it is muchmore pronounced in India. Unlike in China, Europe and the US, where the engines of growthand job creation have spread to the secondary cities, in India medium-sized cities remain miredin joblessness and poverty. Policymakers frown upon unequal spatial disparities and this hasincreased the importance of inclusive spatial development in our development discourse.

Why is India’s spatial development so lopsided? What can India learn from China and the USwhere engines of growth have shifted to the secondary cities? Are India’s manufacturing andservices sectors following similar spatial development patterns? Is the geographic trajectory ofcapitalism toward spatial clustering or dispersal?

A detailed examination of India’s 600 districts shows the spatial development trends in India arevery different when compared with China and the US, given the clustering of the engines ofgrowth and job-creation in megacities (see Klaus Desmet, Ejaz Ghani, Stephen O’Connell,Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, The Spatial Development Of India, Journal Of Regional Science, andWorld Bank).

Spatial development in any location is determined by the trade-offs between the forces ofagglomeration economies and congestion costs. Agglomeration economies in the US areconcentrated in locations with employment density below 150 employees per sq. km, while inIndia agglomeration economies are found in locations with densities above this threshold, withemployment densities reaching thousands. For those levels of density, US locations exhibitsubstantial congestion. China has shown a similar spatial evolution to the US. In China,locations with employment density above 150 employees per sq. km have experienced reducedemployment growth, indicating important congestion costs. These trade-offs between forces ofagglomeration and congestion costs determine where engines of growth locate. The size of alocation determines its effectiveness as an engine of growth and job creation.

India’s manufacturing sector is spatially spreading at a much faster pace than the servicessector. The low-density manufacturing districts are growing at a much faster pace than high-density districts in India. This dispersion of the manufacturing sector from dense to less densedistricts has accelerated structural transformation, improved allocation of resources, promotedgrowth of more efficient enterprises and reduced spatial mismatch of enterprises.

However, the manufacturing sector has not spread to all districts. Only those districts that haveimproved their physical and human infrastructure have attracted manufacturing enterprises.Though the spatial evolution trend in the manufacturing sector in India is similar to the trendsfound in China and the US, the speed and pace of spatial spread is much slower in India. Whilelarge manufacturing enterprises are moving away from more congested megacities intosecondary cities, this is not happening at a faster pace to create more jobs.

India’s services sector, a bigger engine of growth and job creation, has experienced differentspatial evolution trends. High-density service clusters have continued to grow at a much faster

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

pace than less dense areas and more dense locations have become more concentrated overtime. This stands in contrast with the US, where in the last decades services have tended togrow fastest in medium density locations, such as Silicon Valley. India’s experience is notcommon to all fast-growing developing economies. The spatial growth pattern of China looksmore similar to that of the US than of India.

One explanation is that while India’s megacities suffer from severe congestion costs, they alsobenefit from huge agglomeration economies and knowledge spillovers. The Fourth IndustrialRevolution and new technology have favoured the trade-offs toward a concentration in servicesand a spread of maturing manufacturing. Modern services are benefitting more from knowledgespillovers compared to the manufacturing sector. This explains why agglomeration economies inservices is likely to dominate congestion costs even in megacities, thus allowing high-densitylocations in India to grow at a much faster pace.

However, this is an unlikely explanation, given that high-density districts in India are already a lotdenser than the highest-density counties in the US. It is more likely that the megacities in Indiaare more successful not because they are less congested, but because spatial developmentpolicies and frictions are preventing the secondary cities from growing. It is not obvious whyIndians should dislike congestion less than Americans and Chinese, or why Indians benefit morethan Americans and Chinese from agglomeration economies and knowledge spillovers. Theseforces are more technological and universal.

If we go by the spatial evolution experience of China and the US, India’s engines of growth andjob creation will be in its secondary cities and not megacities. The relatively slow-growing Indiandistricts will grow much faster in the future. Of the well-known IT clusters in India, the medium-density places, such as Ahmedabad, Pune and especially Bengaluru, will have high growth ratesin the future, while the high-density places, such as Chennai and Mumbai, will slow down.

Engines of growth and job creation are not tied to big cities. Services can spread spatially at amuch faster pace than the manufacturing sector and contribute to more inclusive growth. Forthis to happen, policymakers will need to improve access to telecommunication and post-secondary education in secondary cities. It is unfortunate that the services sector, which hascontributed more to growth and job creation than manufacturing during the last two decades,has not got a seat at the table in our development discourse.

Ejaz Ghani is lead economist at the World Bank.

ENDDownloaded from crackIAS.com

© Zuccess App by crackIAS.com

crac

kIAS.co

m

crac

kIAS.co

m

Source : www.hindustantimes.com Date : 2019-01-24

THE STATE MUST ADDRESS MIGRANTS’VULNERABILITIES

Relevant for: Indian Society | Topic: Urbanization, their problems and their remedies incl. Migration & SmartCities

Two simultaneous processes are likely to significantly increase north-south migration in India inthe not-so-distant future. Southern states are aging at a much faster rate than their northerncounterparts. By 2050, more than 20% of the population in the south will be more than 65 yearsold. This figure will be around one-tenth for big northern states such as Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.The south is also richer than the north, which means that wage rates are significantly higher inthe latter.

To be sure, migration is not a new phenomenon in India. While policy reforms like Goods andServices Tax have facilitated the movement of goods across states finally ( 70 years afterIndependence) there have been no restrictions on inter-state labour mobility in the country. ButIndia’s migration story is not without problems. Bulk of the migration which happens comprisesof poorly educated unskilled workers. They are most vulnerable to being exploited by not justlabour contractors, who pocket a significant share of their earnings, but also miss out on thevarious social welfare provisions in their places of work.

Schemes such as the public distribution system often demand permanent address proofs, whichmigrants find difficult to furnish. Governments are increasingly coming under pressure to excludemigrant workers from subsidised provisions of health and education. Migrant workers are alsounlikely to be able to use local patronage networks comprising of politicians and bureaucrats towork the local administration to their advantage in times of need or crisis.

The State has a responsibility to correct this growing imbalance. Unskilled workers are amongthe most insecure sections of our workforce. Being a migrant worker increases that vulnerabilityeven more. Because state governments are more likely to be influenced by local interests, theycannot be expected to act on this problem. The central government must take the initiative toevolve a consensus on a fair and compassionate migration policy.

First Published: Jan 24, 2019 07:25 IST

ENDDownloaded from crackIAS.com

© Zuccess App by crackIAS.com