indian remote sensing · satellite and their specification sumant diwakar indian remote sensing...

Satellite and Their Specification

Sumant Diwakar

INDIAN REMOTE SENSING

Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites, built,

launched and maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation. The IRS series provides

many remote sensing services to India.

Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite system was commissioned with the launch of IRS-

1A, in 1988. With twelve satellites in operation, IRS is the largest civilian remote sensing

satellite constellation in the world providing imageries in a variety of spatial resolutions,

spectral bands and swaths. The data is used for several applications covering agriculture,

water resources, urban development, mineral prospecting, environment, forestry,

drought and flood forecasting, ocean resources and disaster management.

Following are the list of remote sensing satellite launched by ISRO:-

1) IRS-1A Launch Date: March 17, 1988

IRS-1A, the first of the series of indigenous

state-of-art remote sensing satellites, was

successfully launched into a polar sun-

synchronous orbit on March 17, 1988 from the

Soviet Cosmodrome at Baikonur. IRS-1A carries

two cameras, LISS-I and LISS-II with resolutions of

73 metres and 36.25 metres respectively with a

swath width of about 140 km during each pass

over the country.

IRS-1A Specification

Mission Operational Remote Sensing

Weight 975 kg

Onboard power 600 Watts

Communication S-band, X-band and VHF(commanding

only)

Stabilization Three axis body stabilized (zero

momentum)


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with 4 Reactions Wheels, Magnetic

torquers

RCS

Monopropellant Hydrazine based with

sixteen

1 Newton thrusters

Payload

Three solid state Push Broom Cameras:

LISS-1(72.5 metre resolution),

LISS-2A and

LISS-2B (36.25 metre resolution)

Launch date March 17, 1988

Launch site Baikanur Cosmodrome Kazakhstan

Launch vehicle Vostok

Orbit 904 km Polar Sun-synchronous

Inclination 99.08o

Repetivity 22 days (307 orbits)

Local time 10.30 a.m. (descending node)

Mission completed

during July 1996


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2) IRS-1B Launch Date: 29.08.1991

Improved features compared to its predecessor: gyro referencing for better

orientation sensing, time tagged commanding

(IRS-1A) facility for more flexilibility in camera

operation and line count information for better

data product generation.

Mission completed on December 20, 2003 after

serving for 12 years and 4 months.

IRS-1B Specification


Weight 975 kg

Onboard power 600 Watts

Communication S-band, X-band and VHF (commanding only)

Stabilization

Three axis body stabilized (zero momentum)

with

4 Reactions Wheels, Magnetic torquers

RCS


sixteen

1 Newton thrusters

Payload

Three solid state Push Broom Cameras LlSS-1

(72.5 metre resolution), LlSS-2A and

LlSS-2B (36.25 metre resolution)

Launch date August 29, 1991



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Launch vehicle Vostok

Orbit 904 km Polar Sun Synchronous

Inclination 99.08o

Repetivity 22 days


Mission Completed On December 20, 2003

3) IRS-1C Launch Date: 28.12.1995

IRS-1C is India's second generation operational Remote

Sensing Satellite. The satellite carries Payloads with

enhanced capabilities like better Spatial resolution

additional spectral band, improved repeitivity and

augment the Remote Sensing capability of the existing

IRS-1A and IRS-1B.

Mission completed on September 21, 2007 after serving

for 11 years and 8 months.

IRS-1C Specification


Weight 1250 kg

onboard power 809 Watts (generated by 9.6 sq.metres

Solar Panels)

Communication S-band, X-band

Stabilization Three axis body stabilized (zero momentum)


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with

4 Reaction Wheels, Magnetic torquer

RCS


sixteen

1 N thrusters & one 11N thrusters

Payload


PAN (<6 metre solution )LlSS-3(23.6 metre

resolution) and WiFS (189 metre resolution)

Onboard tape recorder Storage Capacity : 62 G bits

Launch date December 28, 1995


Launch vehicle Molniya

Orbit 817 km Polar Sun-synchronous

Inclination 98.69o

Repetivity 24 days

Local time 10.30 a.m

Mission completed on September 21, 2007

4) IRS-P3 Launch Date: 21.03.1996

IRS-P3 was launched by PSLV-D3 on March 21, 1996

from SHAR Centre, Sriharikota, India. IRS-P3 carries

two remote sensing payloads - Wide Field Sensor

(WiFS) similar to that of IRS-1C, with an additional

Short Wave Infrared Band (SWIR) and a Modular

Opto-electronic Scanner (MOS). It also carries an


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X-ray astronomy payload and a C-band transponder for radar calibration.

Mission completed during January 2006 after serving 9 years and 10 months.

IRS-P3 Specification

Mission

Remote sensing of earth's natural resources. Study of X-ray

Astronomy. Periodic calibration of PSLV tracking radar

located at tracking stations.

Weight 920 kg

onboard power 817 Watts

Communication S-band

Stabilization Three axis body stabilized

RCS Combinations of bladder type and surface tension type

mass expulsion monopropellant hydrazine system

Payload

WideField Sensor (WiFS), Modular Opto - electronic Scanner

(MOS),

Indian X-ray Astronomy Experiment (IXAE),

C-band transponder(CBT)

Launch date March 21, 1996

Launch site SHAR Centre, Sriharikota, India

Launch vehicle PSLV-D3

Orbit 817 km. Circular polar sun-synchronous with

equatorial crossing at 10.30 am (descending node)

Inclination 98.68o

Repetivity WiFS : 5 days

Mission

completed during January 2006


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5) IRS-1D Launch Date: 27.09.1997

IRS – 1D was launched on September 27, 1997 by

PSLV – C1. IRS – 1D, a follow on satellite to IRS – 1C

belongs to the second generation of IRS series of

Sat ellites. It has 3 payloads viz., PAN, LISS 3 &

WiFS.

It has similar capabilities as IRC – 1C in terms of

spatial resolution, spectral bands, stereoscopic

imaging, wide field coverage and revisit capability.

The improvements carried out in the IRS – 1D

satellite taking into account the

IRS – 1C experiences have resulted in better quality

imageries.

Mission completed during January 2010 after serving for 12 years and 3 months.

IRS-1D Specification


Weight 1250kg

onboard power 809 Watts (generated by 9.6 sq.metres

Solar Panels)

Communication S-band, X-band

Stabilization Three axis body stabilized (zero momentum)

with 4 Reaction Wheels, Magnetic torquer

RCS Monopropellant Hydrazine based with sixteen

1 Newton thrusters & one 11 N thrusters

Payload


PAN (6 metre solution )

LlSS-3 (23.6 metre resolution) and

WiFS (189 metre resolution)


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Onboard tape recorder Storage Capacity : 62 G bits

Launch date 27 September 1997

Launch site SHAR Centre Sriharikota India

Launch vehicle PSLV-C1

Orbit (nomial) 817 km Polar Sun-synchronous

Achieved orbit 740 x 817 km

Inclination 98.6 o


Mission completed on January 2010

6) IRS-P4/ OCEANSAT Launch Date: 26.05.1999

IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT) is the first satellite primarily built for Ocean applications,

weighing 1050 kg placed in a Polar Sun

Synchronous orbit of 720 km, launched by PSLV-C2

from SHAR Centre, Sriharikota on May 26, 1999.

This satellite carries Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM)

and a Multi - frequency Scanning Microwave

Radiometer (MSMR) for oceanographic studies.

IRS-P4 thus vastly augment the IRS satellite system

of ISRO comprising four satellites, IRS-1B, IRS-1C,

IRS-P3 and IRS-1D and extend remote sensing

applications to several newer areas.

Mission completed on August 8, 2010 after serving for 11 years and 2 months.


Sumant Diwakar

IRS-1D Specification

Launch date May 26, 1999

Launch site SHAR, Sriharikota

Launch vehicle PSLV - C2

Orbit Polar Sun Synchronous

Altitude 720 km

Inclination 98.28 deg

Period 99.31 min

Local time of Eq. crossing 12 noon

Repetitivity cycle 2 days

Size 2.8m x 1.98m x 2.57m

Mass at lift off 1050 kg

Length when fully deployed 11.67 m

Attitude and Orbit Control 3-axis body-stabilised using Reaction Wheels,

Magnetic Torquers and Hydrazine Thrusters

Power 9.6 Sq.m Solar Array generating 750w Two 21 Ah

Ni-Cd Battries

Mission Completed On August 8, 2010


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7) IRS-P6/Resourcesat-1 Launch Date: 17.10.2003

RESOURCESAT-1 is the tenth satellite of ISRO in IRS

series, intended to not only continue the remote

sensing data services provided by IRS-1C and IRS-1D,

both of which have far outlived their designed mission

lives, but also to vastly enhance the data quality.

RESOURCESAT-1 is the most advanced Remote

Sensing Satellite built by ISRO as of 2003.

IRS-P6 Specification

Launch date October 17, 2003


Launch vehicle PSLV-C5

Payloads LISS-4, LISS-3, AWiFS-A, AWiFS-B


Orbit height 817 km

Orbit inclination 98.7o

Orbit period 101.35 min

Number of Orbits Per day 14

Local time of equator crossing 10:30 am

Repetivity (LISS-3) 24 days

Revisit 5 days

Lift-Off mass 1360 kg

Attitude and orbit control 3-axis body stabilised using Reaction Wheels,



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Power Solar Array generating 1250 W, Two 24 Ah

Ni-Cd batteries

Mission Life 5 years

8) CARTOSAT-1 Launch Date: 05.05.2005

CARTOSAT – 1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing

Satellite capable of providing in-orbit stereo images.

The images are used for Cartographic applications

meeting the global requirements. Cameras of this

satellite have a resolution of 2.5m (can distinguish a

small car).

The Cartosat – 1 provides stereo pairs required for

generating Digital Elevation Models, Ortho Image

products, and Value added products for various

applications of Geographical Information System (GIS).

CARTOSAT-1 Specification

Launch date 5 May 2005


Launch vehicle PSLV- C6

Orbit 618 km Polar Sun Synchronous

Payloads PAN FORE, PAN - AFT

Orbit Period 97 min

Number of Orbits Per day 14

Local time of equator crossing 10:30 am


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Repetivity 126 days

Revisit 5 days

Lift-Off mass 1560 kg

Attitude and orbit control 3-axis body stabillised using reaction wheels,


Electrical power 15 sqm Solar Array generating 1100w,

Two 24 Ah Ni-Cd batteries

Mission life 5 years

9) CARTOSAT-2 Launch Date: 10.01.2007

The 680 kg CARTOSAT-2, launched by PSLV-C7 on

January 10,2007 is the twelfth in the Indian Remote

Sensing.

CARTOSAT-2 Specification

Mission Remote Sensing

Weight 650 Kg

Onboard Orbit 900 Watts

Stabilization

3 - axis body stabilised using high torque

reaction wheels, magnetic torquers and

thrusters


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Payloads Panchromatic Camera

Launch date 10 January 2007





10) CARTOSAT-2A Launch Date: 28.04.2008

CARTOSAT – 2A is the thirteenth satellite in the

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite series (IRS). It is a

sophisticated and rugged remote sensing satellite

that can provide scene specific spot imagery. This

satellite carries a Panchromatic Camera (PAN). The

spatial resolution of this camera is better than 1m

and swath of 9.6 km. Imageries from this satellite are

used for cartographic applications like mapping,

urban and rural infrastructure development and

management, as well as application in Land

Information (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).

CARTOSAT-2A Specification


Weight 690 Kg (Mass at lift off)

Onboard Power 900 Watts


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Stabilization

3 – axis body stabilised using high torque

reaction wheels, magnetic torquers and

hydrogen thrusters


Launch date 28 April 2008



Orbit 635 kms, Polar Sun Synchronous

Inclination 97.94 deg


11) RISAT-2 Launch Date: 20.04.2009

RISAT-2 is a Radar Imaging Satellite with all weather capability to take images of

the earth. This Satellite will enhance ISRO's capability for

Disaster Management applications.

RISAT-2 Specification

Altitude 550 km

Inclination 41 deg

Orbit Period 90 minutes

Mass 300 kg


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12) OCEANSAT-2 Launch Date: 23.09.2009

Oceansat-2 satellite mainframe systems derive their heritage from previous IRS

missions and launched by PSLV-C14 from Satish

Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota on Sept. 23, 2009. It

carries three payloads:

• Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM)

• Ku-band Pencil Beam scatterometer (SCAT)

developed by ISRO

• Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmosphere

(ROSA) developed by the Italian Space Agency.

Oceansat-2 is envisaged to provide continuity of operational services of

Oceansat-1(IRS-P4) with enhanced application potential.

OCEANSAT-2 Specification

Launch date Sept 23, 2009


Launch vehicle PSLV - C14


Altitude 720 km

Inclination 98.28°

Period 99.31 minutes

Local time of Eq. crossing 12 noon ± 10 minutes

Repetitivity cycle 2 days

Payloads OCM, SCAT and ROSA


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Mass at lift off 960 kg

Power 15 Sq.m Solar panels generating 1360W, Two 24

Ah Ni-Cd Battries

Mission Life 5 years

13) CARTOSAT-2B Launch Date: 12.07.2010

CARTOSAT - 2B is the seventeenth satellite in the Indian

Remote Sensing Satellite series (IRS). CARTOSAT-2B carries a

Panchromatic camera (PAN) similar to those of its

predecessors - CARTOSAT-2 and 2A. It is capable of imaging a

swath (geographical strip) of 9.6 km with a resolution of

better than 1 metre. The scene specific spot imagery sent by

CARTOSAT-2B's PAN will be useful for cartographic and a

host of other applications. The highly agile CARTOSAT-2B is

steerable up to ± 26o along as well as across track to obtain

stereoscopic imagery and achieve a four to five day revisit

capability.

CARTOSATSAT-2B Specification


Weight 694 kg (Mass at lift off)

Onboard Orbit 930 Watts

Stabilization

3 – axis body stabilised based on inputs from star

sensors and gyros using Reaction wheels, Magnetic

Torquers and Hydrazine Thrusters


Launch date July 12, 2010


Sumant Diwakar



Orbit 630 kms, Polar Sun Synchronous

Inclination 97.71º

14) RESOURCESAT-2 Launch Date: 20.04.2011

RESOURCESAT-2 is a follow on mission to RESOURCESAT-1

and the eighteenth Remote Sensing satellite built by ISRO.

RESOURCESAT-2 is intended to continue the remote sensing

data services to global users provided by RESOURCESAT-1,

and to provide data with enhanced multispectral and spatial

coverage as well.

Important changes in RESOURCESAT-2 compared to

RESOURCESAT-1 are: Enhancement of LISS-4 multispectral

swath from 23 km to 70 km and improved Radiometric

accuracy from 7 bits to 10 bits for LISS-3 and LISS-4 and 10

bits to 12 bits for AWIFS. Besides, suitable changes,

including miniaturisation in payload electronics, have been

made in RESOURCESAT-2.

RESOURCESAT-2 also carries an additional payload known as AIS (Automatic

Identification System) from COMDEV, Canada as an experimental payload for ship

surveillance in VHF band to derive position, speed and other information about

ships.

RESOURCESAT-2 carries two Solid State Recorders with a capacity of 200 Giga Bytes

each to store the images taken by its cameras which can be read out later to

ground stations.


Sumant Diwakar

RESOURCESAT-2 Specification


Orbit Circular Polar Sun Synchronous

Orbit altitude at injection 822 km + 20 km (3 Sigma)

Orbit Inclination 98.731º + 0.2º

Lift-off Mass 1206 kg

Orbit Period 101.35 min

Number of Orbits per day 14

Local Time of Equator

crossing 10:30 am

Repetivity 24 days

Attitude and Orbit Control 3-axis body stabilised using Reaction Wheels,


Power Solar Array generating 1250 W at End Of Life,

two 24 AH Ni-Cd batteries

Launch date April 20, 2011





Sumant Diwakar

15) MEGHA- TROPIQUES Launch Date: 12.10.2011

Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French Joint Satellite Mission for studying the water

cycle and energy exchanges in the tropics. The main objective of this mission is to

understand the life cycle of convective systems that influence the tropical weather

and climate and their role in associated energy

and moisture budget of the atmosphere in

tropical regions.

Megha-Tropiques will provide scientific data on

the contribution of the water cycle to the

tropical atmosphere, with information on

condensed water in clouds, water vapour in the atmosphere, precipitation, and

evaporation. With its circular orbit inclined 20 deg to the equator, the Megha-

Tropiques is a unique satellite for climate research that should also aid scientists

seeking to refine prediction models.

Megha-Tropiques carries the following four payloads:

• Microwave Analysis and Detection of Rain and Atmospheric Structures

(MADRAS), an Imaging Radiometer developed jointly by CNES and ISRO

• Sounder for Probing Vertical Profiles of Humidity (SAPHIR), from CNES

• Scanner for Radiation Budget (ScaRaB), from CNES

• Radio Occultation Sensor for Vertical Profiling of Temperature and

Humidity (ROSA), procured from Italy

Megha-Tropiques Specification


Orbit 867 km with an inclination of 20 deg to the equator


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Thermal Passive system with IRS heritage

Power 1325 W (at End of Life)

Two 24 AH NiCd batteries

TTC S-band

Attitude and Orbit

Control

3-axis stabilised with 4 Reaction Wheels, Gyros and Star

sensors, Hydrazine based RCS

Solid State Recorder 16 Gb

Launch date October 12, 2011

Launch site SDSC SHAR Centre, Sriharikota, India


16) RISAT-1 Launch Date: 26.04.2012

Radar Satellite-1 (RISAT-1) is a state of the art Microwave Remote Sensing Satellite

carrying a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Payload operating in C-band (5.35 GHz),

which enables imaging of the surface features during both day and night under all

weather conditions.

Application

Active Microwave Remote Sensing provides cloud

penetration and day-night imaging capability. These

unique characteristics of C-band (5.35GHz) Synthetic

Aperture Radar enable applications in agriculture,

particularly paddy monitoring in kharif season and

management of natural disasters like flood and

cyclone.


Sumant Diwakar

RISAT-1 Specification


Orbit Circular Polar Sun Synchronous

Orbit Altitude 536 km

Orbit Inclination 97.552o

Orbit Period 95.49 min

Number of Orbits per

day 14

Local Time of

Equator Crossing 6:00 am / 6:00 pm

Power Solar Array generating 2200 W and one 70

AH Ni-H2 battery

Repetivity 25 days

Attitude and Orbit

Control

3-axis body stabilised using Reaction Wheels,


Nominal Mission Life 5 years

Launch date April 26, 2012

Launch site SDSC SHAR Centre, Sriharikota, India


indian remote sensing · satellite and their specification sumant diwakar indian remote sensing...

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