indian ocean trade 600-1450. indian ocean trade southernization look back at your indian ocean...
TRANSCRIPT
Indian Ocean Trade
600-1450
Indian Ocean Trade
Southernization
• Look back at your Indian Ocean articles and quotes.
• What is important about the Indian Ocean?
Unique in World History
• “Zone of interaction”
• First ocean to be crossed
• “Sailor's ocean”– Warm water– Fairly placid waters– Wind patterns: one way = north of equator,
the other = south of the equator
Area around the ocean
• Varied environments:– Tropical East Africa– Deserts around the Red Sea and Persian
Gulf– Intensely wet southern India– Tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia
Trade goods:
• Teak from India• Mangrove swamps in East Africa• Arabian horses to India• Spices from Southeast Asia & Spice
Islands• Frankincense from Arabia and Africa• ***Desired far beyond the Indian Ocean
world
People around the ocean
• Madagascar settled by people from Southeast Asiaarrived via catamarans (1st millennium CE)
• Slave trades & labor migrations– Slaves from East Africa to Arabia/India– From Southeast Asia to Southern Africa
• Colonies of Romans in India; Arab Muslims & Jews in India; Indians and Chinese in SE Asia; Europeans in India, SE Asia, and East Africa…
The things they carried…
• Indian merchants brought Brahmin priests
• Muslim scholars brought by Arab merchants
• Christian merchants brought priests
Borobudur (Java)
• Largest Buddhist structure in the world
• Built during Sailendras rule in Java (8th C CE—832)
• Illustrates the wealth due to control of shipping lanes
• Diffusion of Buddhism
Borobudur (Java)
• Illustrates Javanese Buddhism– Mahayana– Continual cycle of reincarnation– Low levels represent the earthly
life– Continual path to enlightenment– Common Buddhist motifs: stupa,
mandala– Unique to Java: sacred mountain
Borobudur Stupa
•
Prambanan (Java)
•After the fall of the Sailendra dynasty: Hindu dynasty
• The Sanjaya.•Built Prambananphysical manifestation of Hindu trinity
•In SE Asia: cultural fusion (syncretism) known as Hindu-Buddhism
Angkor Wat
•Cambodia
•Cultural diffusion of Hindu-Buddhism throughout SE Asia.
Angkor Wat
• Built by Khmer Empire– Dedicated to Vishnu– Height ca. 1200 CE– Cultivated rice– Extensive irrigation system– Violent martial art– Flourished until conquered by Burma
• SYNCRETISM• Religious and cultural fusion on both
mainland and islands of SE Asia• Final flowering: 14th and 15th C in
Majapahit• In Java, Islam replaced due to arrival of
Muslim traders; by 16th C, nearly entire island converted.
Hindu-Buddhism
Hindu-Buddhism
• Majahapit court and religious community moved to Bali; still flourishes there
• Eventually, new syncretic religion: blending Sufi Islam with Hindu-Buddhism.– Prone to mysticism– Today: Indonesia = most populous Muslim nation;
national symbol = Garuda (Hindi eagle deity)
Conclusions
• How is the spread of Hinduism/Buddhism in SE Asia similar to/different from the spread of Islam in Africa and Spain?
• What can we learn based on the architecture?
• What similarities does this hold with other cultures around the world?