INDIAN IMPACTS ON BRITISH

CUISINE– Curry: An Indian Dish Conquers the British

Isles –

Outline

1 Indian Overall Impacts

2 Food: Curry – An Indian Dish Conquers the British Isles

2.1 Definition and Pronunciation 2.2 Origin 2.3 Semantic Relationships

3 Varieties of Curry: Masala and Balti Dishes 3.1 Chicken Tikka Masala – The New Traditional English

Dish? 3.2 Balti – An English Invention?

4 Empirical Data – Entries in Search Engines

5 Evaluation: www.currypages.com

1 Indian Overall Impacts

Indian BangladeshiPakistani…

MUSIC

FILM, EG. BOLLYWOOD

TELEVISION

EMPLOYMENT

…RELIGION

CLOTHING

JEWELLERY

ART

FOOD

2 Food: Curry – An Indian Dish Conquers the British Isles

2.1 Definition and Pronunciation [1]

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1995: 276)

curry /kAri/ n a dish of meat, fish, vegetables, etc cooked with certain hot-tasting

spices. Curry is often eaten with rice […] ► curried adj cooked with certain hot-tasting spices […] ■ curry powder n a mixture of various spices ground to a powder and used in making curry

2.1 Definition and Pronunciation [2]

Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (2001: 371)

curry /kAri, AM k3:ri/ (curries, currying, curried) [1] Curry is a dish composed of meat and vegetables, or

just vegetables, in a sauce containing hot spices. It is usually eaten with rice and is one of the main dishes of India.

[2] …

Oxford Dictionaries (http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/curry_1?view=uk)

curry1 • noun (pl. curries) a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in an Indian-style sauce of strong spices. • verb (curries, curried) prepare or flavour with such a

sauce.

2.2 Origin

Alan Davidson's Oxford Companion to Food: from the Tamil word kari meaning spiced sauce

Camellia Panjabi [author of 50 Great Curries of India]: concedes with this argument, though she suggests

Northern India may have played some part; gravy dish called khadi

Others: word curry originates from Old English as cury was the Old English word for cooking derived from the French cuire, meaning to cook, broil or grill

2.3 Semantic Relationships [1]

Collocations

- hot / medium / mild curry- curry powder- curry sauce- curry stuff (chillies, onions, ginger, coconut, turmeris,

cardamom, colves, etc ground into paste or powder)

- chicken curry / beef curry- curry paste

2.3 Semantic Relationships [2]

Homonymy

• according to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary(1995: 276), curry is a homonym:

curry1 “a dish of meat, fish, vegetables etc” curry2 “[…] IDM: curry favour (with sb) to try to gain sb’s favour by giving them help, praise, etc”

2.3 Semantic Relationships [3]

Hyperonym: CURRY

Hyponym:Korma

Hyponym: Madras

Hyponym:Vindaloo

Hyponym: Phaal

Hyponym:Balti

Hyponym:Tandoori

2.3 Semantic Relationships [4]

Lexical Field:

though rather folk linguistics

BALTI

BHAJEE

VINDA-LOO

TAN-DOORI

PHAAL

KORMA

CURRY

3 Varieties of Curry: Balti and Masala Dishes

3.1 Chicken Tikka Masala – The New Traditional English Dish?

Definition and Origin (http://www.sonzyskitchen.com/chickentikka.htm)

• chicken tikka masala , n., mild curry dish of chicken in a tomato-based sauce, cooked tandoori style (in a charcoal-fired oven)

• developed during colonial times in India (½ Indian & ½ British)

Chicken Tikka Masala – Facts and Figures • Sainsbury's sell 1.6 million CTM meals every year and

stocks 16 CTM-related products including chicken tikka masala pasta sauce & chicken tikka masala sandwiches etc

• a 1998 survey by Real Curry Restaurant Guide of 48 different CTMs found only common ingredient was chicken

• 23 million portions a year are sold in Indian restaurants

• 10 tonnes of Chicken Tikka Masala a day are produced by Noon Products destined for supermarkets

• most schools and charities in Sylhet, Bangladesh are run by proceeds from its sales

3.2 Balti – An English Invention?

Definition and Pronunciation Oxford Dictionaries (http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/balti?

view=uk)

balti /b):lti/ or /bAlti/ n (pl. baltis) a type of Pakistani cuisine in which the food is cooked in a small two-handled pan

ORIGIN: Urdu, ‘pail’

Nationmaster (www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Cuisine-of-India)

“Balti is the name for a style of food probably first devised and served in Birmingham, England around the late 1970s, probably 1977. The food is a hot curry-style dish, most likely taking its name from the thick flat-bottomed steel or iron pot in which it is both cooked and served.”

Origin exact origin of the word is debated, but the following

arepossible:

A: usual explanation: balti (meaning, literally, "bucket" in India) refers to the steel or iron pot.

B: name refers to the region of Baltistan or the Balti people who live there

C: arose from "bowl tea", a Pidgin-English phrase used by English working-class workmen who found the meal to be an affordable and filling 'tea' (dinner) at the end of a day's work

Birmingham‘s Balti Triangle

• Birmingham = Capital of the Balti spicy dish was introduced to the city by Pakistani and Kashmiri population in the mid 1970s bridged the cultural gap between immigrants and new home country

• vast majority of Balti houses are situated in the Sparkbrook, Balsall Heath and Moseley areas of South Birmingham = “Balti Triangle”

• there are around 50 balti houses in the “Balti Triangle” - many of them famous for their giant 'table top' naans

Balti Triangle – Map

4 Empirical Data – Entries in Search Engines

GOOGLE YAHOO Internet Grammar

English German

English German

CURRY 8,700,000

648,000 13,900,000

14,200,000

none

Balti & Food/ Essen

120,000 967 155,000 1,840 none

5 Evaluation: www.currypages.com [1]

5 Evaluation: www.currypages.com [2]

5 Evaluation: www.currypages.com [3]

5 Evaluation: www.currypages.com [3]

Sources

Balti Experience. City of Birmingham. 26 June 2005. <http://www.birmingham.gov.uk>

Balti Triangle. Travel West Midlands. 26 June 2005. <http://www.travelwm.co.uk/events/ ptv/baltitriangle.asp>

Crowther, Jonathan, ed (1995). Oxford Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary. Oxford: University Press.

Curry. Wikipedia. 26 June 2005. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry>Dish Glossary. Curry Pages. 26 June 2005.

<http://www.currypages.com/dishglossary. aspx>Encyclopeadia. Nationmaster. 26 June 2005. <http://www.nationmaster.com/

encyclopedia>Inside Out. BBC. 26 June 2005. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/northwest/series1/

curry.shtml>Legacies – Birmingham. BBC. 26 June 2005. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_

emig/england/birmingham/index.shtml>Sinclair, John, ed. (2001). English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Glasgow:

HarperCollins Publishers. Sony‘z Kitchen. Home Page. 26 June 2005. <http://www.sonzyskitchen.com/chicken

tikka.htm>

… questions?

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