indian farmer

1. Ph.D. Scholar IABM- BKNR (Karjdar) (Zamindar) or 1

2. 1. Introduction 2. Estimated number of Agricultural Households 3. Some Characteristics of Agricultural Households 4. Some Economic Indicators of Agricultural Households 5. Aspects of Farming 6. Conclusion 7. Eye opener Facts 8. References Outline 2

3. The Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households was conducted in NSS 70th round (January December, 2013) to collect information on various aspects of farming, such as farming practices and preferences, availability of resources, awareness of technological developments and access to modern technology in the field of agriculture and level of living measured in terms of consumer expenditure, income and indebtedness from the agricultural households in rural India. This presents estimates of some key characteristics of agricultural households and divided into three main sections viz. (i) Some characteristics of agricultural households, (ii) Some aspects of farming and (iii) Income, expenditure, productive assets and indebtedness of agricultural households. 1. Introduction 3

4. 2. Estimated number of Agricultural Households 4

5. 2.1 Agricultural Households by Social Group 5

6. 2.1 Agricultural Households by Social Group Monthly Per Capita Consumer Expenditure (MPCE) 6

9. 3. Some characteristics of agricultural households 3.1 Principal source of Income 9

12. 3. Some characteristics of agricultural households 3.2 Type of ration card 12

13. 4. Some economic indicators of agricultural households 4.1 Average monthly income and consumption expenditure 13

14. 4. Some economic indicators of agricultural households 4.1 Average monthly income and consumption expenditure 14

15. 4. Some economic indicators of agricultural households 4.2 Indebtedness of agricultural households 15

16. 4. Some economic indicators of agricultural households 4.3 Source of loans 16

17. 4. Some economic indicators of agricultural households 4.3 Source of loans 17

18. 5. Aspects of Farming 5.1 Awareness about Minimum Support Price (MSP) 18

23. 5. Aspects of Farming 5.2 Crop Insurance 23

24. 5. Aspects of Farming 5.3 Access to technical advice in the field of agriculture: 24

25. 5. Aspects of Farming 5.3 Access to technical advice in the field of agriculture: 25

26. The survey shows that rural India had an estimated 90.2 million agricultural households about 57.8% of the total estimated rural households in the country. About 45% of farm households belonged to OBC (other backward classes) while 13% belonged to scheduled tribes. Interestingly, the survey shows that for 56% of the marginal land owning families (with land less than 0.01 hectare) wage and salary employment, not agriculture, was their principal source of income. Another 23% reported livestock as their principal source of income. Average monthly income per agricultural household was estimated at Rs.6,426. Net receipt from farm business (cultivation and farming of animals) accounted for 60% of the average monthly income per agricultural household, the survey noted. Income from wages and salary accounted for nearly 32% of the average monthly income. 6. Conclusion (1) 26

27. About 44% of the estimated agricultural households in the country had an employment guarantee scheme or MGNREGA job card. However, only 38% in the lowest land class (less than 0.01 ha) had job cards. 12% of all households and 13% marginal land holding households did not have a ration card that entitles them to subsidized food. 52% of households in the country were indebted, with levels of indebtedness varying from 93% in Andhra Pradesh, 89% in Telangana and 82.5% in Tamil Nadu to 37% in Chhattisgarh and 17.5% in Assam. The average amount of outstanding loan was highest for Kerala (Rs.2,13,600) followed by Andhra Pradesh (Rs.1,23,400) and Punjab (Rs.1,19,500). On sources of credit, the survey revealed high levels of dependence on non- institutional channels. Nearly 40% of all loans came from informal sources with 26% advanced by moneylenders. 6. Conclusion (2) 27

28. The survey revealed low levels of awareness among households of government procurement operationsat minimum support prices (MSP) and even lower level of sale of these crops to procurement agencies. Except for sugarcane, less than half of the households, which were aware about MSP, sold off their crop to agencies. Farmers continue to remain far removed from new technologies and guidance from state run research institutes, the survey data shows. Over 59% of the farm households received no assistance from either government or private extension services. * An agricultural household was defined in the survey as a household receiving value of produce of more than Rs.3,000 from agriculture with at least one member self- employed in farming. 6. Conclusion (3) 28

29. 7. Eye opener Facts S. No. Particulars 2003 2012-13 1. Number of farm households (in million) 89.4 90.2 2. Farmer households as % of rural households 60.4 57.8 3. Farmer households with agriculture as principal source of income as % of rural households (in percentage) 34.4 36.7 4. Farmer households owning land less than 2 hectares (in percentage) 83.9 86.6 5. Indebted farmer households (in percentage) 48.6 51.9 6. Average outstanding loan per farmer households ` 12,585 ` 47,000 7. Average monthly income per farmer households ` 2,115 ` 6,426 8. Contribution of cultivation in income (in percentage) 45.8 47.9 9. Contribution of wages income (in percentage) 38.7 32.2 10. Contribution of livestock income (in percentage) 4.3 11.9 11. Contribution of non-farm business in income (in percentage) 11.2 8.0 12. Farmer households not aware of MSP or Govt. procurement operations (in percentage) 70.4 68.0 13. Farmer households without any access modern technology (via govt. extension services, radio, input dealers or other progressive farmers) (in percentage) 59.6 59.4 14. Farmer households insuring their crops (in percentage) 4.0 4.8 In the 10 years to 2013, the life of the Indian farmer showed no improvement it either stagnated or deteriorated. Source : Surjeet Singh Dhaka (2014) ( ), RASTRIYA KRISHI NEWS 29

30. 7. Eye opener Facts NSSO VERSUS CENSUS: Which is correct? Its a wonder then that agriculture (or perhaps the farmer) delivered a growth rate of 4.1% (in agriculture GDP) in the 11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012). 30

31. 31 A SUICIDAL NATION

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33. [1] Surjeet Singh Dhaka (2014) ( ), RASTRIYA KRISHI NEWS [2] Situation Assessment Survey of Formers, NSSO, 59th round (2003), published in 2005; Key Indicators of Situation of Agricultural Households in India, NSSO, 70th round (2013), published in December 2014. [3]http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ZFPXWN8hdAAUb49jVl2NqK/Nearly-52- agricultural-households-indebted-shows-NSSO-surv.html?utm_source=copy [4]http://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/Hcr3lGbsudunSXOSBRwczO/NSSO- versus-Census-Which-is-correct.html 8. References 33

34. Discuss it and solve it ! 34

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