INDIA:

Road to independence

Colonial India

Why Was England There?

• What is Imperialism?

• Why did England want to control India?

• What are the results of Imperialism?

Famine

How the British Ruled

• Until 1857 India was run by a privately owned trading company called the British East India Company

• The BEIC had a conscription army of Indians forced to fight to help the company profit

• In 1857 these soldier or sepoys rebelled and the British government took the land and made it a colony

Protest vs. British Rule

• 2 groups formed at the end of the 19th century

• Indian National Council• Muslim League• Both eventually fighting

for independence• Tactic of civil

disobedience adopted to fight

• civil disobedience• noun 1. the refusal to obey

certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy, characterized by the employment of such nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing, and nonpayment of taxes. Compare noncooperation ( def. 2 ) , passive resistance.

What is the strength of non violent resistance?

• Why might civil disobedience be a good tactic to use?

• What are the drawbacks of this tactic?

Gandhi

• Hindu • British educated lawyer• Leader of Indian National Congress fighting for

Indian rights and later independence through non violent non cooperation

• non violence

Contradictions of British Rule in India

Famine Technology

WWI

During WWI• 800,000 Indian Troops

fought for the British• 1.5 million volunteers• 47,746 dead or missing• 65,000 wounded• Expected independence

after the war• Protests in India rose when

independence was not granted

Amritsar Massacre

Boycott’s as Protest

• Gandhi organized a boycott of British cloth

• He urged Indians to use only Homespun cloth

• The protest was meant to hurt England economically and help Indian workers

• Boycott

Arrests and Publicity

• Gandhi was arrested for his protests several times

• Part of the tactic of civil disobedience involves being publicly punished

• Court Scene 1• Court Scene 2

The Salt March

• Gandhi’s most famous protest was the Great Salt March

• The protest was a symbolic one of the British monopoly on salt in India

• The protest coincided with the anniversary of the Amritsar massacre

• salt march

Independence

• India Gained independence in 1947• It was split into two countries:• India for Hindus• Pakistan for Muslims• Civil war broke out as people had to cross

from one place to the other

Future politics

• East Pakistan had a revolution against Pakistan in 1971 to become Bangladesh

• India became the largest democracy in the world

• Pakistan has moved back and forth from democracy to military dictatorship