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2015 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), Jan. 16-17, Mumbai,India

GSM Based Interactive Voice Response System forWireless Load Control and Monitoring

Afshan Mulla∗, Jaypal Baviskar†, Jeet Desai‡, Chandrashekhar Beral§ and Anagha Jadhav¶∗†Department of Electrical Engineering, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai 400019, India

‡ Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, USA§ Department of Electronics Engineering, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai 400056, India¶ Department of Electronics Engineering, Universal College of Engineering, Kaman, Vasai 421302, India

∗[email protected], †[email protected], ‡[email protected],§[email protected], ¶[email protected]

Abstract—With the current advancement in wireless networksand various technologies implemented for automation, moreinnovative and improved ideas are developed to build automationsystems facilitating remote controlling and monitoring of devices.In this paper, a GSM based wireless home automation systemis proposed and deployed which executes its function of control-ling and monitoring appliances remotely. It is compliant, cost-effective, low power consumption; highly efficient GSM (GlobalSystem for Mobile Communication) based wireless home system.The Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) is improvised toembellish the system’s security and ease of operation. With thehelp of this system the user can access his home appliancesfrom anywhere and at anytime as per the requirement aidingconvenience. The system permits the user direct devices throughhis mobile by sending voice commands using IVRS system. Italso enables the user to monitor the status of loads with SMSupdate. A detailed system analysis is carried out and presentedin this paper.

Keywords - Automation, mobile, control, GSM (Global Systemfor Mobile Communication), Interactive Voice Response System(IVRS), wireless network, SMS (Short Messaging Service).

I. INTRODUCTION

Wireless technology has served in the field of automationsince a long time. With the advent of technology and in-troduction of network enabled automation system in everysector, devices can be controlled and managed from remotelocation. This can be achieved by implementing networks withthe support of various wireless technologies such as ZigBee,Bluetooth, DTMF based mobile and UWB etc. There hasbeen a rapid expansion and a potential augmentation of suchautomated systems since it facilitates the user to organize theappliances and devices as per his convenience.

Such automated systems deals with providing a network inan environment which links computers peripheral equipment,smart chip bearing appliances and sub-systems. With suchdeployed system, it promises controlling of electricity operateddevices cautiously in real time even being physically awayfrom the site. But again these implementations require eitherradio link communication or wired communication to directthe devices to operate accordingly. Be it wired or radio linkcommunication, each has its own limitations such as complexwire deployment, maintenances, range restrictions, low datarate, high cost, software arrangements etc.

The different systems have been proposed and implementedin area of automation. The [1], [2] have illustrated the DTMFtone generated automation system that suggests a method forcontrolling electronic systems remotely. An effort has beenmade to tackle issues related to automation system based ondual-tone multi-frequency remote control method for industrialand domestic applications. The paper proposing another suchsystem is implemented using ZigBee wireless personal areanetwork[3] which facilitates intrusiveness of the respectivesystem installation. Also home automated systems based onBluetooth technology enabling devices to be controlled usingPersonal Area Network (PAN) is presented in paper [4]. Thenetwork examples mentioned in [4], [5], [6], [7] communicatethe information to remote users via Internet. All these paperssuggesting systems have certain limitations since the nodesdeployed can cause network congestion, entire infrastructurehas to be laid down from initial stage which is time consumingand is complex in nature.

Hence we have implemented the GSM based IVRS incor-porated system which enables user to control and monitor theloads/appliances remotely. The GSM based home automationsystem is developed and implemented which exploits the welldeveloped infrastructure of GSM cellular system. Moreover,the user do not require dedicated transceiver as the GSMmobile can be used as commanding device. As a result, noextra device has to be purchased from the user side. The GSMnetwork that relies on radio wave communication conveyinginformation in a real-time process to control devices remotelyis the most apt alternative among all the wireless technologies.The IVRS system enables user to interact with system whicheases the control operation.

Mobile communication network coverage is bigger than thatof Local Area Network (LANs), thus user can take benefit ofportable phones to organize the system. The major advantagesof this system are listed below:

• No distance limitation.• SMS Service of GSM is exploited efficiently.• Use less components and power consumption is low.• Real time status checking and monitoring.• Instant switching with significantly low latency.• Easy implementation since it is highly compatible.

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• Flexible as the user can access and even connect desiredno. of loads.

This paper is organized as follows. Section II describesthe system methodology along with the block diagram andoperational working of each unit. Section III describes thedesigning of the Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS)whereas Section IV emphasizes on the hardware implementa-tion of the system. Section V illustrates the latency analysisof the system and final section presents the conclusion of thepaper.

II. SYSTEM METHODOLOGY

The system consists of two main sections namely; thetransmitter side Commanding Unit (CU) which is basicallya GSM enabled mobile phone and the receiver side ApplianceControl Unit (ACU). The system is as depicted in Fig.1. TheACU manages devices and loads those need to be monitoredand controlled through IVRS voice commands.

Fig. 1. Block Diagram of the ACU System

The set of commands for turning On and turning Offthe appliances and for status check are configured in microcontroller and each symbol or combination of two & moresymbols of mobile keypad are assigned for particular com-mand. Whenever any appliance has to be controlled; the usercalls on GSM Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) number. TheIVRS system sends the prerecorded voice messages to userviz. 1.To turn On load1 press *1* 2.To turn Off load1 press#1#. Then user can proceed with an appropriate commandusing CU which would be received at ACU via GSM. Thesecommands, in particular the Dual Tone Multiple Frequency(DTMF)) encoded instructions; directed towards the frequencydecoder. These commands are further processed by the MCUand the relay circuitry is controlled accordingly. Ultimatelythe particular load/appliance is turned on or turned off whichaction would be notified to user. For the status update, SMSfeature of the GSM is exploited in the system. As depicted inblock diagram, the system consist of various Units which areelaborated further.

A. GSM Module

In our system GSM sim300 module [5] is used which isace in application such as remote control, SMS alerts, sensor

monitoring etc. The GSM module is interfaced with MCU viaRS232 interface. The cardinal two purposes of this unit are:

• Enables the user to communicate with the ACU by GSMnetwork radio link.

• Provides SMS update regarding Appliance switchON/OFF status and Electricity status.

Whenever GSM module receives any call, system verifiesthe user with password authentication and allows only thelegitimated user. Then appropriate voice message is transmit-ted from voice module to the user via GSM for appeasingthe various control actions. Afterwards the authenticated usercommands are transmitted to the DTMF decoder. Accordingto the command number and present status of the unit, ancontrol action is executed.

If the modification in the parameter viz. Appliance On/Offoccurs the MCU gets interrupted which in turn wheels theGSM to endow the status update SMS to the programmedcell phone number. If GSM receives any command via callit provides this data stream to MCU via RS 232 interface.As GSM module does not store any commands, MCU treatseach command as a suspended action and responds instantly.The GSM module acknowledges only the cell phone numberwhich is programmed on ACU initially. This facilitates itto send updates to only the programmed number from nextcommunication onwards.

B. Transceiver modules

Transceiver modules can be incorporated in this system inorder to share the present status of the parameters in betweenthe two or more ACU units during the ongoing exchangeof messages which helps MCU in execution as well as intermination of the user process. The system is implementedwith the CC1000 UART modules. Its a true single-chip UHFtransceiver [8] designed for very low power (-20 to 10 dBm)and very low voltage (2.1V to 3.6V) wireless applications. Ithas the frequency range of 300 to 1000MHZ. Though it isa SRD (Short Range Device) but still suitable in our systemsince the distance between ACU units is not more than 1 Km.

C. Frequency Decoder

DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) is a generic com-munication term used for the tones which are generated afterpressing any keypad digit. It uses a dialing keypad of 12/16buttons producing unique tones for each button. It is termedas DTMF as two tones (dual) of dissimilar frequencies; higher(1209 Hz to 1633 Hz) and lower (697 Hz to 941 Hz)nine aregenerated when a key is pressed. The frequencies analogousto each key of cell phone keypad are as shown in Table I.

TABLE IFREQUENCY/KEY MATRIX FOR DTMF KEYPAD

Frequency 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz697 Hz 1 2 3 A770 Hz 4 5 6 B852 Hz 7 8 9 C941 Hz * 0 # D

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The system is implemented with the MT8870D-1 whichis a comprehensive DTMF receiver. It uses digital countingtechniques to detect and decode all 16 DTMF [9] tone-pairsinto a 4-bit code. The frequency decoder accepts the usercommand via GSM. It decodes the input data stream which isfurther processed by MCU in order to acknowledge the user.

D. Voice module

Voice module is a crucial part of the system to establishIVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) which providesreal time communication. According to the user command anappropriate response which is a prerecorded voice message isgenerated and transmitted to user via GSM network. The voicemodule APR9600 used is a true single-chip voice recording ICwith playback capability of 40 to 60 seconds [10].The devicesupports five message management modes which are definedby the MSEL1, MSEL2 and M8 OPTION pins as shown inTable II. In our system Random access mode with 8 fixedduration messages is preferred hence both the pins . MSEL1and MSEL2 are connected to Vcc.

TABLE IISELECTION OF MODE

Mode MSEL1 MSEL2 M8 OptionRandom Access 2 0 1 Pull this pin to Vcc

duration fixed messages through a resistorRandom Access 4 1 0 Pull this pin to Vcc

duration fixed messages through a resistorRandom Access 8 1 1 The M8 trigger

duration fixed messages becomes input pinTape mode, Auto 0 0 0

Rewind optionTape mode, Rewind 0 0 1

operation

E. Control Circuit

The control unit mainly consists of relays and its corre-sponding driver circuitry. The driver circuitry is embeddedwith transistors which are used as a switch in order to drive therelays. These transistors are controlled by the control outputpin of MCU. The function of the relays is to provide isolationbetween a control circuit and the load. In our system as per theapplication they control loads such as fan, AC, furnace. Therating of relay is determined by the load to be controlled. Asmostly the domestic loads/appliances have the rating of 230V,5A, Single Phase; hence relays having coiled supply of 12Vand maximum load current rating of 5A are used to control theload. It is the task of the MCU to provide the command to relaydriving circuitry. Hence it controls the switching operation ofthe load by controlling the relays.

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF IVRS SYSTEM

This section is well elaborated in [11]. Implementation ofIVRS section enables the user to take appropriate controlaction according to the present status of parameters such as fanON/OFF, Water Tap status, AC coolness etc. Block diagram ofIVRS system is as depicted in Fig. 2. It also enables the user

to interact with the system, so that ambiguity in performingselected tasks is avoided and the process is synchronized.

Fig. 2. IVRS system

In order to assist the user various messages are pre recordedas well as stored on the Voice IC APR9600 which is theheart of IVRS system. Whenever the legitimated user calls onthe SIM card no. which is inserted in GSM, the prerecordedmessages are transmitted to user via GSM network radio link.In our system MOD8 [11] is selected which provides capacityto record 8 messages which are as follows:

• Immediately after call: Enter your password.• If password is wrong: Password wrong, try again.• For inappropriate user input: Command error, try again.• If password is right: Select the room to control its

appliance.• After selection of the room select the which appliance to

control.• If device is Off: Press 1 to switch On the device.• If device is On: Press 2 to switch Off the device.Interfacing diagram of Voice Module APR9600 [10] with

main PCB is as depicted in Fig.4. Circuit is designed toprovide various functions such as:

• Mode selection viz. MOD8, MOD4, MOD2 accordingly8, 4, 2 messages can be recorded.

• MIC interfacing for audio input.• Voice quality control, determined by sampling rate which

can be varied from 4 to 8 KHz and it depends on pot PR1as depicted in fig. 4.

• SW1 to select Read or Write mode.• SW2 to select the chip.• SW3 to enable the message recording.• 8 messages can be recorded by closing SW3 and con-

necting jumper from M1 to M8 pin respectively.In our system by default MOD8 [11] is selected by con-

necting MSEL1 and MSEL2 to Vcc as shown in Fig 3. Themessages can be recorded in any regional language hencesystem eliminates the language barrier difficulty.

IV. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

The hardware implementation of Appliance Control Unitwhich is to be implemented at the home is as depicted in Fig.4.All the subsections such as transceiver unit, Voice module,

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Fig. 3. Voice module interface in IVRS System

Relay Circuitry, Frequency decoder explained in earlier sec-tions are indicated. The WL: indicates the number of workingloads, ELE: indicates the status of electricity (0:off 1: on),MV1: indicates no. of On Loads whereas MV2: indicates no.of Off Loads.

Fig. 4. Hardware implementation of Appliance Control Unit (ACU)

As the system is designed to control the loads of tworooms on a floor, below given Table III illustrates whichparticular key on the DTMF keypad is used to control thedevices. The Fig.5 depicts the hardware implementation ofrelay circuitry board. When loads need to be remotely turnedon, the commands are entered by user according to the aboveTable I. These commands are received by GSM unit andfurther processed by the ACU. The outcome of the systemis as depicted in Fig.5.

TABLE IIIKEYS USED FOR CONTROLLING LOADS

Command format Key Alloted Task ExecutedEnter the Keypad no. 1 Room 1 selectedEnter the Keypad no. 2 Room 2 selectedEnter the Keypad no. n Room n selected

Enter *the Keypad no.* *1* Load 1 turned OnEnter *the Keypad no.* *2* Load 2 turned OnEnter *the Keypad no.* *n* Load (n) turned OnEnter #the Keypad no.# #1# Load 1 turned OffEnter #the Keypad no.# #2# Load 2 turned OffEnter #the Keypad no.# #n# Load (n) turned Off

Fig. 5. Hardware implementation Relay Control Circuitry and Load Interface

V. LATENCY ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM

The latency involved in the system is crucial parameterin the performance evaluation of the system. Especially inautomation systems like HAS, BAS etc, control actions haveto be executed within the hard deadlines. While executing suchcommands, missing a single deadline may lead to catastrophicevents. Various papers have demonstrated the designing of


such automation systems for real time controlling and moni-toring purpose [12], [14], [13]. In [12], [14] the ZigBee (over802.15.4) is used as wireless protocol for system development,while [13] has explored the Public Switch Telephone Network(PSTN) and cellular communication.

The latency of operation[11] varies according to the technol-ogy used for communication. Generally, the latency involvedin short range wireless technologies is less compared to thecellular communication. It’s due the fact that, the processingtime involved at each BTS (Base Transceiver Station) is morethan the processing time at each node in a WSN. Also, Wire-less Personal Area Network (WPAN) has limited coveragearea, up to 10 meter, whereas in cellular communication itcan be as long as 30Km viz. a single cell size area. Hencein WPAN, latency varies from several milliseconds to fewseconds [15]. As our designed system uses GSM technology,the estimated latency involved in the entire execution processis up to several seconds which is elaborated further.

Fig.6 delineates the delay involved in throughout executionprocess of a single control command. The equation for for-mulating the total latency (Ttot) of the implemented system isgiven below:

Fig. 6. The latency involved at various stages in the implemented system

The propagation delay Tp is negligibly small, and addsonly a few milliseconds of latency. The processing timeat each BTS depends on the manufacturers specifications.Furthermore, the Tpro adds a significant latency in case ofexecution of complex control command. This is because eachmachine cycle contributes few micro-seconds which dependson the clock frequency of the controller. Suppose, the com-plex execution of the control commands involves more than400 instructions with multiple interrupts subroutines, then itresults in significant delay of operation thereby increasing theprocessing time. The Tuser is the time required by the user forauthentication process and selecting the particular command.

Ttot = Tp + TBTS + Tpro + Tuser (1)

Tp = Tp1+ Tp2

+ ....Tpn+1(2)

TBTS = TBTS1 + TBTS2 + ....TBTSn (3)

The equations are generalized for ’n’ number of BTS’s. Theslit-up for each process contributing to the latency are:

• Total delay involved in arrival of the call at GSM isaround 3-5 seconds. Tp + TBTS along with the timerequired to allot the dedicated voice channel to the userfrom cellular system.

• Propagation delay varies according to the distance of userfrom BTS and cell size.

• For cell size of 30 Km, Propagation delay is around0.1msec.

• Processing time at BTS further adds 0.3 to 0.6 msec.• The remaining delay is added due to the fact that, BTS

broadcasts the incoming signal to all the users within thecell area. Only the desired user mobile responds, afterexecution of security algorithms and number matchingprocesses.

• In addition to this, few seconds are taken by the user(Tuser) to enter the password and desired command.

• MCU approximately takes 40-60 msec (Tpro) to executethe command and the program flashed in its memory.

Hence, the latency involved for completion of first controloperation is around 7-11 seconds.

VI. CONCLUSION

The system elaborately described in the above sectionsmakes efficient use of the latest technology to aid users inorder to control the operation of the desired appliance or loadin real time from remote location. It can be contemplated asan incredible solution to the woes faced by the occupantsof the house who are not physically present at the locationbut can control the devices providing a real-time automation.The paper provides the designing and implementation of GSMbased real time automation system. It also elaborates the In-teractive Voice Response System (IVRS) designing integratedwith Voice IC circuitry which is the unique feature of theimplemented system. Furthermore, the latency involved in theexecution of the operation is estimated and the detail analysisis demonstrated. Hence an IVRS based system facilitates userto interact with the system and it enables the user to controlthe loads remotely.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude towards our instituteVeermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai, India andUniversal College of Engineering, Vasai, India for encouragingand providing the facilities to carry out our research.

REFERENCES

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[2] Sharma, R.; Kumar, K.; Vig, S., “DTMF Based Remote Control System,”Industrial Technology, 2006. ICIT 2006. IEEE International Conferenceon , vol., no., pp.2380,2383, 15-17 Dec. 2006.

[3] Felix, C.; Raglend, I.J., “Home automation using GSM,” Signal Pro-cessing, Communication, Computing and Networking Technologies (IC-SCCN), 2011 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.15,19, 21-22July 2011

[4] Y. Tajika, T. Saito K. Termoto, N. Oosaka and M. Isshiki, “Networkedhome appliance system using bluetooth technology integrating appliancecontrol/monitoring with internet service, IEEE Trans. Consumer Elec-tron., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1043-1048, Nov. 2003.

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[6] L. Ophir, “802.11 Over Coax A Hybrid Coax Wireless Home NetworkUsing 802.11 Technology, Consumer Communications and NetworkingConference, pp. 13-18, Jan. 2004.

[7] H. S. Kim, and C. G. Lee, “Wireless USB based home security systemon the OSGi service platform, International conf. on Consumer Electron.,pp. 1-2, Jan. 2007.

[8] Chipcon CC1000: Datasheet for Trans receiver module: Available at:http://www.chipcon.com

[9] Zarlink semiconductor MT8870D/MT8870D-1: Datasheet for IntegratedDTMF receiver: Available at: http://www.zarlink.com

[10] Voice IC 9600: Datasheet for voice module: Available at:http://www.aplusinc.com.tw

[11] Baviskar J., Mulla A., Naik R., Pandit S., and Baviskar A, “Designingof Mobile Controlled Automatic Interactive Voice Response IrrigationSystem,” IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Inno-vations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014), Jaipur, India, May 09-11, 2014.

[12] Makwana R., Baviskar J., Panchal N. and Karia D., “Wireless BasedLoad Control and Power Monitoring System,” Proceedings of Interna-tional Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability(ICEETS), Nagarcoil, India, pp.1207-1211,April 2013.

[13] Mulla A., Baviskar J. and Baviskar A., “DTMF Based AutomationSystem with Reduction of Noise using Goertzel DFT Estimation,” Pro-ceedings of The International Conference on Communication Systems andNetwork Technologies (CSNT), Bhopal , India, pp. 1124-1129, 7-9 April2014.

[14] Baviskar, J.J., Mulla, A.Y., Baviskar, A.J., Panchal, N.B. and Makwana,R.P., “Implementation of 802.15.4 for designing of home automation andpower monitoring system,” Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science(SCEECS), 2014 IEEE Students’ Conference on, pp.1-5, 1-2 March 2014.

[15] Karia D., Baviskar J., Makwana R., and Panchal N., “PerformanceAnalysis of ZigBee based Load Control and Power Monitoring System,”International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communicationsand Informatics (ICACCI),Mysore, India, pp.1479-1484,August 2013.

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