INDIABy,

Laura Berkowitz, Lindsay Martinez, Eric Border, and Leo Lopez

INDIA

BY,LAURA BERKOWITZ, LINDSAY MARTINEZ, ERIC BORDER, AND LEO LOPEZ

Top 5 Countries of Top 5 Countries of DestinationDestination

1995 Outflows of Employed 1995 Outflows of Employed NationalsNationals

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia256,782256,782

United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 79,67479,674

Oman Oman 22,33822,338KuwaitKuwait 16,43916,439BahrainBahrain 11,23511,235

2001 Contract Migrant Workers2001 Contract Migrant Workers

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia 78,04878,048United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates

53,67353,673KuwaitKuwait 39,75139,751OmanOman

30,98530,985SingaporeSingapore 27,88627,886

Per Capita Income Per Capita Income

India’s Per Capita Income in 2003 is estimated at $2,900

2003 Per Capita Income of Top 2003 Per Capita Income of Top 5 Receiving 5 Receiving

Saudi Saudi ArabiaArabia $$11,80011,800

United United Arab Arab EmiratesEmirates

$23,200$23,200

KuwaitKuwait

$18,100$18,100 SingaporeSingapore$23,700$23,700

Oman Oman

$13,400$13,400

Countries

YearYear Worker’s Worker’s RemittancesRemittances

(Millions (Millions US$)US$)

19901990 2,3522,352

19911991 3,2753,275

19921992 2,8912,891

19931993 3,4953,495

19941994 5,7825,782

19951995 6,1396,139

19961996 8,4538,453

19971997 10,29710,297

19981998 9,4539,453

19991999 11,00211,002

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Why Do Migrants Leave Home?

•Natural Disasters

•Political Purposes

NATURAL DISASTERSThe 2004 Tsunami

•The killer tidal wave destroyed over 2,260 kilometers of coastline

•1,100 dead; 6,000 missing and presumed as dead

•Local business, resorts, and schools were demolished

•Over $2 billion needed for reconstruction

•Disease and poverty have exploded among the population

•Several left homeless

KASHMIRTENSION IN THE STATE OF KASHMIRTENSION IN THE STATE OF KASHMIR

• LONG-STANDING TENSIONS BETWEEN LONG-STANDING TENSIONS BETWEEN KASHMIR AND NEIGHBORING KASHMIR AND NEIGHBORING PAKISTANPAKISTAN

• SEPARTIST GROUPS GAIN POWERSEPARTIST GROUPS GAIN POWER

• VOTERS THREATENED BY VOTERS THREATENED BY SEPARTIST GROUPSSEPARTIST GROUPS

ANDREH PRADESHANDREH PRADESHVIOLENCE

•VIOLENT CLASHES BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE

•GOVERNMENTS AND THE MAOIST REBEL

•PEOPLE’S WAR GROUP (PWG)

•AN ESTIMATED 6,000 DEATHS THUS FAR

•GOVERNMENT INITIATED PEACE TALKS AND AN

•UNEASY TRUCE WAS ESTABLISHED

•AFTER ATTACKS ON REBEL FORCES,

REBELS•WITHDRAWL FROM

PEACE PROCESS

ECONOMICSECONOMICSUNEMPLOYMENT

High unemployment

Sixty per cent of India's workforce is self-employed,

but still remain near poverty. Nearly 30 per cent are casual workers

(i.e. they work only when they are able to get jobs and

remain unpaid for the rest of the days). Only about 10 per cent are regular

employees.

EDUCATION

Over 70 per cent of the labor force is either

illiterate or educated below the primary level.

Why Do They Go To The Top 5 Why Do They Go To The Top 5 Destinations Destinations

Investment: Migration from India to the Investment: Migration from India to the Middle East is traced back to the period Middle East is traced back to the period when the British East India Company when the British East India Company began to invest there. began to invest there. Large government and private Large government and private investments in the Middle East.investments in the Middle East.

In response to the demand of unskilled In response to the demand of unskilled labor in the Gulf States.labor in the Gulf States.

Remittances• 1983 India passed a

law that gave more rights to expatriates working in other countries.

Immigration & Unemployment

• Economy has had 6% growth rate since 1990• Caused rate to drop by 10% • Rate now sits at 9.5%• Net Migration Rate = -0.07• Meaning that for every 1000 people 7 are

leaving the country

Skilled/Unskilled Workers

• Every year India graduates 1,000,000 engineers

• India now provides the brain power to the world’s high tech companies like IBM, Motorola and Microsoft.

Gender Relations• Most migrants into India

are from Bangladesh• Over 1 million women

and children have been trafficked out of Bangladesh over the last 30 years.

• Most are lured with the promise of a better life and are then forced into prostitution or become “professional beggars.”

India and Bangladesh – A work in progress

• Indians is mostly Hindu and Bangladesh is mostly Muslim, this has been the source of some tension between the two countries.

• They have been arguing over shared water resources from the Ganges River.

• Illegal Immigration has also been a sore spot with talks of India building a wall to on the Indian Bangladesh border.

Migrants Themselves

• Indian migrants assimilate to the country they migrate to, but still practice and follow the customs and traditions of their home country.

• Most Indian migrants speak Hindu, so a new language most be learned to function in the society of the new country.

Self Sacrifice

• Indian migrants in other countries spend little of the money they make so that they can send it back to their poor families in India.

• They choose to live in an almost poverty stricken conditions to give their families more money.

Hate Comes in Many Forms

• Indian migrants face discrimination and hatred by many different people in many different ways.

• Indian migrants face prejudice

Tensions Within Families

• There is a lot of tension and strain on the family relationships of Indian migrants in other countries and their family still living in India.

• Most Indian migrants go to another country for years at a time to make money to send back to their families.

• The absence of the migrant’s presence creates conflict for the migrant and the family still living in India.