Index to Volume 188

April June 1975

Editorial Board

ALFRED BROWNJAMES F. CROWHERBERT S. GUTOWSKYN. BRUCE HANNAYDONALD KENNEDYDANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR.HANS LANDSBERG

DONALD LINDSLEYEDWARD NEYRUTH PATRICKFRANK PRESSMAXINE F. SINGERARTHUR M. SQUIRESRAYMOND H. THOMPSON

Editorial StaffWILLIAM D. CAREYPublisher

HANS NUSSBAUMBusiness Manager

PHILIP H. ABELSONEditor

EARL J. SCHERAGO, Advertising Director

Published by the

American Association for the Advancement of Science1515 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005

Printed in Richmond, Virginia, by William Byrd Press

Copyright 1975 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

4 April 1975

Volume 188, No. 4183 SCIENCE

LETTERS Phage in Human Vaccines: C. R. Merriil:, Space Processing: P. Grodzka;Erythropoietin Available: F. Hardinig; Statistics, Energy, and Life-Style:W. H. Kruiskal; S. E. Fien berg; D. Pirages; A. MaZur and E. Rosa;Green Thumbs: T. R. Fair-batiks; Hemoglobin in Humans: A. Riggs.........

EDITORIAL Muiddling ThrouIgh: Government and Technology............................

ARTICLES Mai-ine Phosphorite Deposits and the Nitrogeni Cycle: D. Z. Piper- andL. A. Codispoti..................................................

Localization of Heart Poisons in the Monarch Buitterfly: L. P. B3rowterand S. C. Glazier.................................................

Fish Fertilizer: A Native North American Practice?: L. Ceci...................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

AAAS NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Laser FuISIOn: Ani Energy Option. bLut Weaponis SimuLlation Is First. .. .. .. .. ....

L-aser Fusion Report Plays Down Power Potential. Plays Upthe Need for University and Industrial Research... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

Da,niel Bell: Science as the Imnago of the Future Society... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

PhotoaCOuIStiC Spectroscopy: New Uses for an Old Technology.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

Ceramics (II): Making Gas Tuirbines from Brittle Materials... .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

Hemophilia: New Information about the 'Royal Disease .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

Office of Initerniational Science; News and Comment Staff of Scie,ice Wins Prize,AAAS Fellows-, Notes from Other Offices... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......

The Peoples and CUltuires of Ancient Peru, reviewed by I. Rouse, Principlesof Tzeltal Plant Classification, J. B. Havilanid; Aboriginal SettlemientPatterns in the Northeast, B. Rippeteaus. Basic Mechanisms in PlantMorphogenesis, A. W. Gaiston;- The Physical Biology of Plant Cell Walls,R. Clelanid- Linear and Nonlinear Waves, D. J1. Bennev:, Books Received .. .. ...

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROGER REVELLERetiring President. Chairman

MARGARET MEADPresident

WILLIAM D. MC ELROYPresident.Elect

RICHARD H. BOLTKENNETH B. CLARK

EMILIO Q. DADDARICEDWARD E. DAVID, JI

CHAIRMEN ANDSECRETARIES OFAAAS SECTIONS

MATHEMATICS (A)Victor L. KleeTruman A. Botts

PSYCHOLOGY UJ)Richard C. AtkinsonEdwin P. Hollander

PHYSICS (B)Victor F. WeisskopfRolf H. Sinclair

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K)Seymour H. LipsetDaniel Rich

CHEMISTRY (C)William E. HanfordLeo Schubert

ASTRONOMY (D)Carl SaganArlo U. Landolt

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L)Roger C. BuckGeorge Basalla

EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R)F. James Rutherford Clifton 0. DummettPhillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (5)James T. DoluisioRaymond Jang

ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISIONWilliam E. Davis Irma Duncan George A. Zentmyer Robert T. OrrChairman. Executive Committee Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer

INFORMATION, COMPUTI NG, AND COMMUNICAMartin GreenbergerJoseph Becker

SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DJoseph A. Schufle Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Officer

SCIENCE is published weeldy, except the last week in December, but with an extra issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Association for the AdvancementScience, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washiington, D.C. 20005. Now comnbined with The Scientific Monthly®. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright 0 1975the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on reqluest. Annual subscription $40; foreign postage: Americas $6, overseas $8, air lift to Europe $2Single copies ~$1 (back issues $2) except Guide to Scientific Instruments which is $4. School year subscription: 9 months $30; 10 months $33.50. Prices for subscriptions receivafter I Hay 1975 will be $50; foreign postage:. Americas $7, overseas $8, air lift to Europe $30. These prices are now in effect for renewals of subscriptions expiring on or aft25 Anril 1cq75 Prnvidp 1; wpek.-, nntire fnr cbAne.A nf arldrs.t, aivincr npw ~anri nidl artrq Anrt 7in rnf- 'pnrl i r0e5.nt 21dP' lhh.,I qri.nr. i-t Indpvpd in tho R.tadpr't Auida

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DIVISIONS

ENGINEERINGEdward Wenk,Paul H. Robbin:

REPORTS Acid-Base Structure of Coal-Derived Asphaltenes: H. W. Sternberg,R. Raymond, F. K. Schweighardt .......................................... 49

Ice-Rafted Sediments as a Cause of Some Thermokarst Lakes in the NoatakRiver Delta, Alaska: F. C. Ugolini ......................................... 51

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Recent Sediments: M. Blumerand W. W. Youngblood .................................................. 53

Chemotherapeutic Drugs Increase Killing of Tumor Cells by Antibody andComplement: M. Segerling, S. H. Ohanian, T. Borsos .......................... 55--

Prolactin Receptors in Rat Liver: Possible Induction by Prolactin:B. I. Posner, P. A. Kelly, H. G. Friesen .................................... 57

Evidence for Origin of Insect Sex Pheromones: Presence in Food Plants:L. B. Hendry et al............ .................. ............. 89

Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth: Sex Pheromone Identification and Synthesis:R. G. Smith, G. E. Daterman, G. D. Daves, Jr ........................ 63

Butylated Hydroxytoluene Inactivates Lipid-Containing Viruses: W. Snipes et al.........64

Reconstitution of Rh (D) Antigen Activity from Human Erythrocyte MembranesSolubilized by Deoxycholate: D. J. Lorusso and F. A. Green ..................... 66-

Malignant Hemangioendotheliomas Produced by Subcutaneous Inoculation ofBalb/3T3 Cells Attached to Glass Beads: C. W. Boone ........................ 68

Anomeric Specificity of 3-0-Methyl-D-glucopyranose against AlloxanDiabetes: A. A. Rossini et al .................................... 70

Mitogen-Induced Blastogenic Responses of Lymphocytes from MarihuanaSmokers: S. C. White, S. S. Brin, B. W. Janicki ....................... 71

Technical Comments: Hot Hydrogen in Prebiological and Interstellar Chemistry:C. Sagan; R. S. Becker; Erroneous Date for Chilean Glacial Advance:M. Stuiver, J. H. Mercer, H. Moreno R.; Dimensions of Olfactory Quality:C. Martindale and D. Hines; S. Schiftman and R. P. Erickson .................... 72

'.,Kattenbeeb - PhillsoN-'''ash t

( ITL SCIECE (I') COVER

AT EIN PGNERAL <i Larva (left) and adult (right) ofSCINCE (W Ateisan . S.IhusDouglas-fir tussock moth The insect: harles E. Anern h F CDougisa serious defoliator of fir forests of

western North America. See page 63.[Wally Guy, U.S. Forest Service]

4 April 1975, Volume 188, Number 418:

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Science serves its readers as a forum for theprcsentation and discussion of important issuesrelated to the advancement of science, includingthe presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof view, rather than by publishing only materialon which a consensus has been reached. Accord-ingly, all articles published in Science-includingeditorials, news and comment, and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted bythe AAAS or the institutions with which the authorsaire affliliated.

Editorial Board1975

H. S. GUTOWSKYN. BRUCE HANNAYDONALD KENNEDYDANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR.

ALFRED E. BROWJAMES F. CROWHANS LANDSBERGEDWARD NEY

DONALD LlNDSLEYRUTH PATRICKRAYMOND H. THOMPSON

1976N FRANK PRESS

FRANK W. PUTNAMMAXINE SINGERARTHUR M. SQUIRFS

Editorial StaffEditor

PHILIP H. ABELSON

Publisher Biisiness ManagerWILLIAM D. CAREY HANS NUSSBAUM

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Research News: ALLEN L. HAMMOND, WILLIAMD. METZ, THOMAS H. MAUGH II, JEA.N L. MARX,ARTHUR L. ROBINSON, GINA BARI KOLATA, FANNIEGROOM

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3 SCI:ENCE

Muddling Through: Government and TechnologyNot everyone is sure that technology generates greater social benefits

than costs. What is quite clear, however, is that a sick national economyis not going to create needed jobs, nor improve productivity so that wecan afford to help others, if its technological capacities are not up to it.

Government tends to imagine that a mystery called the market systemdefines the level and quality of technological enterprise. It is true thatprivate decision-makers balance opportunities against corporate risksin estimating returns from innovation. But the environment of privatedecisions is conditioned heavily by government's attitudes and behavior.There is scant evidence that the federal government has the policymachinery to guide its actions as they affect the environment forinnovation.

For a time it looked as if government had caught on to the need forexplicit public policies toward technological vitality. That was in 1972,when Michael Boretsky of the Department of Commerce showed thatthe United States was fast losing its lead in high technology exports. Apresidential message went to Congress on science and technology, andwhatever defects it had were redeemed by flashes of comprehension asto the need to encourage innovation. To test incentives for risk-taking,the National Science Foundation and the National Bureau of Standardswere assigned new responsibilities. Thereupon, Carey's law became opera-tive: that the half-life of a federal experimental program is about twoand a half budget cycles. The NSF's program has been practically shelved.The Experimental Incentives Program in the Bureau of Standards haslauinched promising partnership experiments with regulatory and procure-ment agencies, yet its future is uncertain. So it goes, while the economicindicators fall and factions quarrel over the mix of fiscal antibodies.

The energy predicament has dramatized the fragility of a technology-dependent economy. A materials crisis would teach us an even moreemphatic lesson. The success of our Free World partners in invading ourdomestic markets, thanks to our export of technological and managerialknow-how, has begun to make us thoughtful. But when we hunt for apublic policy framework within which technological vitality can beregenerated, we cannot find it. This is one place where presidential staffwork in science and technology can stand strengthening.Government may imagine that it is neutral toward the rate and

quality of technological risk-taking, but it is not. The regulatory systemalone is pervasive and here to stay, but regulatory policies aimed at thepublic interest rarely consider impacts on innovation. Standards-settingactivities, important as they are, need not force distortions on techno-logical compliance. Changes in tax treatment of industrial research anddevelopment, if approached narrowly, can choke off outlays for innova-tion and trigger even more exportation of R & D and know-how.

Government is not against technological innovation. But the habit ofmuddling through leaves American technology at increasing risk. Gov-ernment should have policy machinery to align its industrial growthpolicies with its regulatory, taxing, R & D, and procurement policies sothat discontinuities are refereed. With this goes a need for better govern-mental research on the dynamics and performance of the technologicalenterprise in the United States, aimed toward a baseline for good policyanalysis.We have found out that compulsive technological drive is not the

right answer. But we need also to know whether unintended governmen-tal constraints are inducing adverse choices in industrial risk analysis atthe expense of innovation. Now that we are in deep economic trouble, thequestion is less academic than it might have seemed when the nation'seconomy had its seasons in the sun.-WILLIAM D. CAREY